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Armenian Secret and Invented Languages and Argots
Armenian Secret and Invented Languages and Argots The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Russell, James R. Forthcoming. Armenian secret and invented languages and argots. Proceedings of the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:9938150 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP 1 ARMENIAN SECRET AND INVENTED LANGUAGES AND ARGOTS. By James R. Russell, Harvard University. Светлой памяти Карена Никитича Юзбашяна посвящается это исследование. CONTENTS: Preface 1. Secret languages and argots 2. Philosophical and hypothetical languages 3. The St. Petersburg Manuscript 4. The Argot of the Felt-Beaters 5. Appendices: 1. Description of St. Petersburg MS A 29 2. Glossary of the Ṙuštuni language 3. Glossary of the argot of the Felt-Beaters of Moks 4. Texts in the “Third Script” of MS A 29 List of Plates Bibliography PREFACE Much of the research for this article was undertaken in Armenia and Russia in June and July 2011 and was funded by a generous O’Neill grant through the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies at Harvard. For their eager assistance and boundless hospitality I am grateful to numerous friends and colleagues who made my visit pleasant and successful. For their generous assistance in Erevan and St. -
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doi: 10. 19090/i.20 20 . 3 1 . 93 - 1 11 UDC: 929.52 Bakići ISTRAŽIVANJA ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL RESEARCHES Recei v ed : 5 June 20 20 3 1 (20 20 ) Accepted : 22 July 20 20 NENAD LEMAJIĆ University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Philosophy Department of History [email protected] THE BAKIĆES AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE SOCIAL RISE OF VLACH FAMILIES IN THE EARLY OTTOMAN PERIOD Abstract : During the period of Ottoman penetration and stabilization in the Balkans, one community within what was then Serbian society gained importance. They were pastoralists who were referred to in documents of the time as Vlachs. Vlach communities that specialized in extensive pastoralism are recorded in the oldest documents related to medieval Serbia fro m the end of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth centuries. Over time, these groups took on a Serbian ethnicity. The collapse of classical feudalism and the specific Ottoman system, especially in the hinterlands and sparsely populated areas, ga ve the Vlach communities opportunities for meaningful social progress. The paper analyzes the rise of the Vlach Bakić family, who rose to power during the second half of the fifteenth and the first half of the sixteenth centuries, first within the Ottoman Empire and then later within Habsburg Hungary . Keywords : Vlachs, Bakići, pastoralism, migrations . he Ottoman invasion of what is now the Balkans ended several states, including the medieval Serbian successor states of Nemanjić Serbia. The Ottoman government T replaced the higher social strata, which had grown out of the centuries - old development of Serbian medieval society, including their economic, cultural, and value systems. -
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October 2020 Volume: 8, No: 2, pp. 371 – 381 ISSN: 2051-4883 e-ISSN: 2051-4891 www.KurdishStudies.net Article History: Received: 22 May 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33182/ks.v8i2.574 Review article: Kurds, Zazas and Alevis Martin van Bruinessen1 Celia Jenkins, Suavi Aydin & Umit Cetin, eds., Alevism as an Ethno- Religious Identity: Contested Boundaries, Oxon and New York: Routledge, 2018, 130 pp., (ISBN 978-1-138-09631-8). Erdal Gezik & Ahmet Kerim Gültekin, eds., Kurdish Alevis and the Case of Dersim: Historical and Contemporary Insights, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2019, 172 pp., (ISBN 978-1-4985-7548-5). Eberhard Werner, Rivers and Mountains: A Historical, Applied Anthropological and Linguistical Study of the Zaza People of Turkey Including an Introduction to Applied Cultural Anthropology, Nürnberg: VTR Publications, 2017, 549 pp., (ISBN 978-3-95776-065-4). Religious and linguistic minorities among the Kurds have often had an ambivalent relationship with the Kurdish movement and with Kurdish identity. Sunni Muslim speakers of Kurmanji or Sorani too have at times been willing to downplay ethnicity in the name of Muslim brotherhood with dominant Arab or Turkish state elites, but the emphasis on Islam has rarely led them to deny being Kurdish. For the minorities, on the other hand, Kurdish identity has been only one of several possible options, and political conditions have often strongly influenced which identity they prioritised. The Yezidis (Êzîdî) are a case in point: for a long time most Yezidis considered themselves as Kurds and were considered as Kurds by others – in fact it was mostly Yezidis who pioneered modern Kurdish literature and Kurdish broadcasting in Soviet Armenia – but during the past thirty years we could observe a notable move away from Kurdish identity towards a distinct Yezidi ethnicity. -
Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915
Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 i v ABSTRACT Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 Copyright by Yektan Turkyilmaz 2011 Abstract This dissertation examines the conflict in Eastern Anatolia in the early 20th century and the memory politics around it. It shows how discourses of victimhood have been engines of grievance that power the politics of fear, hatred and competing, exclusionary -
Portable Archaeology”: Pashas from the Dalmatian Hinterland As Cultural Mediators
Chapter 10 Connectivity, Mobility, and Mediterranean “Portable Archaeology”: Pashas from the Dalmatian Hinterland as Cultural Mediators Gülru Necipoğlu Considering the mobility of persons and stones is one way to reflect upon how movable or portable seemingly stationary archaeological sites might be. Dalmatia, here viewed as a center of gravity between East and West, was cen- tral for the global vision of Ottoman imperial ambitions, which peaked during the 16th century. Constituting a fluid “border zone” caught between the fluctu- ating boundaries of three early modern empires—Ottoman, Venetian, and Austrian Habsburg—the Dalmatian coast of today’s Croatia and its hinterland occupied a vital position in the geopolitical imagination of the sultans. The Ottoman aspiration to reunite the fragmented former territories of the Roman Empire once again brought the eastern Adriatic littoral within the orbit of a tri-continental empire, comprising the interconnected arena of the Balkans, Crimea, Anatolia, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, and North Africa. It is important to pay particular attention to how sites can “travel” through texts, drawings, prints, objects, travelogues, and oral descriptions. To that list should be added “traveling” stones (spolia) and the subjective medium of memory, with its transformative powers, as vehicles for the transmission of architectural knowledge and visual culture. I refer to the memories of travelers, merchants, architects, and ambassadors who crossed borders, as well as to Ottoman pashas originating from Dalmatia and its hinterland, with their extraordinary mobility within the promotion system of a vast eastern Mediterranean empire. To these pashas, circulating from one provincial post to another was a prerequisite for eventually rising to the highest ranks of vizier and grand vizier at the Imperial Council in the capital Istanbul, also called Ḳosṭanṭiniyye (Constantinople). -
Croatian Franciscans at the Frontier Between Christianity and Islam From
Edinost in dialog Unity and Dialogue 74 (2019) 2: 195–218 Izvirni znanstveni članek Original scientific paper (1.01) Besedilo prejeto Received: 29. 2. 2020; Sprejeto Accepted: 8. 5. 2020 UDK UDC: 27-789.32:94(497.5)"14/16" DOI: 10.34291/Edinost/75/Patafta © 2020 Patafta CC BY 4.0 Daniel Patafta Croatian Franciscans at the Frontier between Christianity and Islam from the 15th to the 17th Century Hrvaški frančiškani na mejišču krščanstva in islama od 15. do 17. stoletja Abstract: The conquest of the Ottoman state at the end of the 15th and the beginning of the 16th century put under its rule most of the territory inhabited by Croats. In the Croatian lands that came under Ottoman rule, the legal position of Catholics was built on the model of Muhammad's order towards those who recognized his political power and possessed »holy books« and did not accept Islam. The conqueror of Bosnia, Sultan Mehmed II gave the Bosnian Franciscans Hatisherif the so-called Ahdnama, by which he guaranteed to the Franciscans personal inviolability and freedom of religious activity, and to the Christian population unhindered possession of property and freedom of residence in the area of his authority. It was a pragmatic act, because despite the legal guarantees, the position of Catholics and Franciscans was very difficult. Wars with Christian, mostly Catholic countri- es, often provoked terrible retaliation. The Franciscans were the only Catholic priests in the area under Ottoman rule. Although they often suffered great injustices from state and local Ottoman powerful people and resisted the proselytizing efforts of Orthodox bishops, they expanded their activities beyond the borders of medieval Bosnia. -
The Ottoman-Venetian Border (15Th-18Th Centuries)
Hilâl. Studi turchi e ottomani 5 — The Ottoman-Venetian Border (15th-18th Centuries) Maria Pia Pedani Edizioni Ca’Foscari The Ottoman-Venetian Border (15th-18th Centuries) Hilâl Studi turchi e ottomani Collana diretta da Maria Pia Pedani Elisabetta Ragagnin 5 Edizioni Ca’Foscari Hilâl Studi turchi e ottomani Direttori | General editors Maria Pia Pedani (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Elisabetta Ragagnin (Freie Universität, Berlin) Comitato scientifico | Advisory board Bülent Arı (TBMM Milli Saraylar, Müzecilik ve Tanıtım BaŞkanı, İstanbul, Türkiye) Önder Bayır (TC BaŞbakanlık Devlet ArŞivi Daire Başkanlığı, Osmanlı Arşivi Daire Başkanlığı, İstanbul, Türkiye) Dejanirah Couto (École Pratique des Hautes Études «EPHE», Paris, France) Mehmet Yavuz Erler (Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun, Türkiye) Fabio Grassi ( «La Sapienza» Università di Roma, Italia) Figen Güner Dilek (Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye) Stefan Hanß (University of Cambridge, UK) Baiarma Khabtagaeva (Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Magyarország) Nicola Melis (Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Italia) Melek Özyetgin (Yildiz Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye) Cristina Tonghini (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Direzione e redazione Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia Dipartimento di Studi sull’Asia sull’Africa mediterranea Sezione Asia Orientale e Antropologia Palazzo Vendramin dei Carmini Dorsoduro 3462 30123 Venezia http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/it/edizioni/collane/hilal/ The Ottoman-Venetian Border (15th-18th Centuries) Maria Pia Pedani translated by Mariateresa Sala Venezia Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing 2017 The Ottoman-Venetian Border (15th-18th Centuries) Maria Pia Pedani © 2017 Maria Pia Pedani for the text © 2017 Mariateresa Sala for the translation © 2017 Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing for the present edition Qualunque parte di questa pubblicazione può essere riprodotta, memorizzata in un sistema di recupero dati o trasmessa in qualsiasi forma o con qualsiasi mezzo, elettronico o meccanico, senza autorizzazione, a condizione che se ne citi la fonte. -
THE AWAKENING of the CONVERTED ARMENIANS: Notes of an Investigative Journalist 1980-2011
THE AWAKENING OF THE CONVERTED ARMENIANS: Notes of an Investigative Journalist 1980-2011 Hamo Moskofian* In September 1980, when a military coup d'état took place in Turkey led by Kenan Evren, head of a fascist junta, thousands of progressive and left-wing activists fled to Syria and Lebanon to escape mass arrests and hanging. Some of them, being skillful revolutionaries and professional combatants, joined the ranks of the Palestinian revolutionary organizations. As a reporter, I built close relations with Devrimci Sol (Revolutionary Left), Devrimci Yol (Revolutionary Path), Partizan Yol (Guerilla Path), Türkiye Komünist Partisi Lenincileri (Communist Party of Turkey – Leninists), THKP Acilciler and- TİKKO-Türkiye İşçi Köylü Komünist Partisi (Popular Party of Turkey and Workers and Peasants Communist Party of Turkey), P.K.K. (Kurdistan Work- ers' Party) and some other organizations, many members of which were con- verted, Kurdified and Turkified Armenians. Also their ranks later included people that struggled for recognition of the Armenian Genocide, such as Ta- ner Akçam, Hrant Dink, Mihraç Ural, Abdullah Ocalan (“Apo”), Erkin Erki- ner, Aram Tigran and many others. Since the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 our most significant meet- ings took place in 1999 in Frankfurt and Wiesbaden, Germany with Hamsheni Armenians and Kurdified Alevi Armenians. Aliye Alice Alt, her brother Sadet Bostan – Tigran Kostanyan and her son Deniz Alt, Turkish- * Political journalist, editor, Beirut, Lebanon. 87 H.Moskofian «21st CENTURY», № 1 (11), 2012 speaking and Islamized Armenians who were later baptized as Christians, were the relatives of Mesut Yılmaz, the former Prime Minister of Turkey. Al- ice Alt’s diploma thesis-book “Hamshen Armenians in the Mirror of History” has been translated from German to Greek by Yorgo Andreadis and to Turk- ish language by Ragip Zarakolu. -
Western Balkans and Turkey After the Coup D'état Attempt
ADAM AKADEMİ, 6/2 2016:75-94 WESTERN BALKANS AND TURKEY AFTER THE COUP D’ÉTAT ATTEMPT (15TH OF JULY 2016) MEVLUDIN IBISH Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University ABSTRACT There is a profound importance with regard to Turkey’s relationship and the Western Balkan states and their societies. This paper first analyses the Western Balkans from an historical developmental point of view and see its relationship ground towards the modern Turkish state having in mind their historical, cultural, religious, political, military and economical ties. Secondly it will be analysed the Turkish state policies towards the Western Balkans region and their states and societies. In the third part of the paper it will be focusing towards the Turkish coup d’états history and the civil-military issues that rise in the Turkish political history from the very beginning of its state formation and last until today. In the fourth part I will be structuring my paper while analysing the coup d’état attempt on the 15th of July and the Gulen movement as one the most important factor for the coup launch. In the last part actually the fifth I will be focusing on the coup d’état attempt of the 15th of July and its reflection in the Western Balkans as a political and universal event that dismantled the citizen sovereignty and legitimacy in general. Moreover, Turkish political relations with the Western Balkan states will be observed and future perspectives will be discussed. Keywords: Turkey, Western Balkans, Coup d’état, relationship, legacy, history 15 TEMMUZ DARBE GİRİŞİMİNDEN SONRA TURKİYE VE BATI BALKANLAR ÖZ Türkiye ile Batı Balkan devletleri ve toplumları arasındaki ilişkiler büyük önem taşımaktadır. -
Virginia Commonwealth University Commencement Program
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass VCU Commencement Programs VCU University Archives 2019 Virginia Commonwealth University Commencement Program Virginia Commonwealth University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/vcucommence © Virginia Commonwealth University Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/vcucommence/71 This Program is brought to you for free and open access by the VCU University Archives at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in VCU Commencement Programs by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MAY 11, 2019 Congratulations to all ✦ ! CommencementGreater Richmond Convention Center Richmond, Virginia A VCU University Relations publication an equal opportunity/affirmative action university 005161-08 Dear Class of 2019: Virginia Commonwealth University takes pride in the work it does to educate, research, create, heal and serve. Our students’ experience here is relevant not only to what is happening today, but also to whatever may be in the future. Today we celebrate as you, the Class of 2019, become graduates of VCU. Your success at one of America’s nationally prominent public research universities signifies that you have done more than complete your courses and receive grades. Your degree means years of hard work and dedication to refining your skills and acquiring new ones. Your dedication to academic excellence will translate well to whatever you choose to do in the future. For 181 years, your alma mater has focused on preparing students for a future as creators, educators, healers, innovators and entrepreneurs. As a graduate of VCU, I hope you will remember that your opportunities are boundless because your potential is limitless. -
Historical Searches Br. 18
UDK 94 (497.6) ISSN 1840-3875 UDK 94 (497. 6) ISSN 1840-3875 INSTITUTEINSTITUTE FOR HISTORYFOR HISTORY, • No 18. 1-256, SARAJEVO Sarajevo 2019. No18 • Sarajevo 2019 UDK 94 (497.6) ISSN 1840-3875 CONTENTS Historical Searches / Historijska traganja PREDGOVOR ........................................................................................................................... 5 Publisher Institute for History, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina ARTICLES Editorial Board Admir Mulaosmanović, International University of Sarajevo; Sabina Veladžić, Institute Ervin Klepo for History – University of Sarajevo; Dženita Sarač-Rujanac, Instiute for History – O URBANISTIČKOM RAZVOJU VISOKOG OD XIV DO KONCA XIX STOLJEĆA .... 9 University of Sarajevo; Amila Kasumović, Faculty of Philosophy – University of Sarajevo, Iva Lučić, Uppsalla University Sedad Bešlija Editor-in-chief THE SANJAK OF HERZEGOVINA IN 17TH Muhamed Nametak, Institute for History – University of Sarajevo CENTURY: WAQF HERITAGE .............................................................................................55 Secretary Sabina Veladžić Mehmed Hodžić, Institute for History – University of Sarajevo SRPSKA NACIONALNO-KULTURNA INTELIGENCIJA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI O KULTURNOM IDENTITETU BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE KROZ RASPRAVE O JEZIKU 1965–1972........................................83 Denis Veladžić DISEMINACIJA SLIKE TAMNOVILAJETSKE BiH U This is an annual journal. BEOGRADSKOJ IZDAVAČKOJ I INFORMATIVNOJ DJELATNOSTI S POČETKA 1980-ih GODINA ........................................................... -
Mladen Ančić: “Can Bosnia Do Without Herzegovina?”
Croatian Studies Review 11 (2015) Mladen Ančić: “Can Bosnia do Without Herzegovina?” Mladen Ančić Department of History University of Zadar [email protected] Abstract The author discusses frequent practices of rendering the name of Bosnia and Herzegovina as ‘Bosnia’ as well as the uses of the term ‘Srpska’ in the public discourse. Leaving aside the cases of benign mental inertia, practices with certain political background are further analyzed. They are seen in the context of nationalist discourse and development of a ‘central narratives of national history’ for three Bosnian nations: Bosniak- muslims, Croats and Serbs. The paper also sheds light on the shifting strategies of the nationalist elites and the way those strategies are materialized in the production of public discourse on the past. Key words: Bosnia-Herzegovina; history; nationalism; public discourse 13 Croatian Studies Review 11 (2015) Introduction Today’s name for the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina emerged after the Berlin Congress awarded the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy with a mandate to occupy a part of the Ottoman Empire, in which a peasant’s rebellion had been raging for some years.1 The Ottoman authorities simply could not find a way to cope with the insurgents – they could not accept any of their demands, but they were also not able to militarily defeat them and pacify the region. Thus, it was within the framework of the realization of the occupational mandate that the name for the country was forged and used in the official version in the German language – Bosnien und Herzegowina. Seen from one of the possible historical perspectives, this fact could have a deeper symbolic meaning.