2010 Space Telescope Science Institute Calibration Workshop Cover Page and Artwork Designed by Pam Jeﬀries

2010 Space Telescope Science Institute Calibration Workshop Cover page and artwork designed by Pam Jeffries. The multi-color image of Omega Centau- rus was obtained during the Service Mission Observatory Verificiation (SMOV) after SM4. It is a composite of data obtained with the WFC3 UVIS channel, using the F814W, F606W, F438W, F336W, F275W and F225W filters. The COS spectrum (upper) is of 30 Dor016, a massive O2-type star. This star was observed as part of the SMOV, using the G130M and G160M gratings in the COS Far UV channel. A STIS spectrum of HDE 2699810, a near twin, is also shown (lower). These COS data were published by Evans et al. 2010, ApJ 715, L74. The 2010 STScI Calibration Workshop

Hubble after SM4 Preparing JWST

Proceedings of a Workshop held at the Space Telescope Science Institute Baltimore, Maryland

21-23 July 2010

Edited by Susana Deustua and Cristina Oliveira

Published and distributed by the Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

iii

For Rodger E. Doxsey

The proceedings of this workshop are dedicated to the memory of Rodger E. Doxsey, cham- pion of the Hubble Space Telescope and former Head of the Hubble Mission Oﬃce at the Space Telescope Science Institute. Rodger’s tireless eﬀorts to ensure that Hubble remain at the forefront of astronomical research by constantly improving upon the quality of science data calibrations challenged and inspired us all. Though we miss him dearly, we carry on with this tradition of Hubble data improvements and share that information with you in this volume, just as he would have wanted.

Contents

Preface ...... ix TheOrganizingCommittee ...... x ParticipantList...... xi

Part 1. Workshop Schedule

WorkshopSchedule...... 3

Part 2. Invited and Contributed Talks

The Legacy of the Hubble Space Telescope Spectrographs ...... 9 Science Capabilities fo the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph ...... 10 The On-Orbit Performance of the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph...... 11 COS FUV Flat Fields and Signal-to-Noise Characteristics ...... 23 COSSensitivityTrendsinCycle17...... 34 Performance of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph afterSM4 ...... 41 IroningOuttheWrinklesinSTIS...... 51 Slitless Spectroscopy with HST Instruments ...... 71 An insight into the flux calibration of Gaia G-band images and BP/RP spectropho- tometry ...... 80 ACCESS: Mission Overview, Design and Status ...... 102 SNDICE: A Calibrated Multi-Wavelength Light Source for Optical Telescope Cali- bration with a Stability and a Precision of 10−4 ...... 115 WFPC2Filtersafter16YearsonOrbit ...... 127 The Legacy of the Hubble Space Telescope Spectrographs ...... 136 UpdateonNICMOSReferenceFlies ...... 137 NICMOS Coronagraphy: Recalibration and the NICMOS Legacy Archive PSF Library148 Calibration of the HST NICMOS F110W Using High Redshift Red-Sequence Galaxies 160 AnOverviewofDetectors ...... 161 New Scientific Capabilities of the HST WFC3 ...... 162 Performance and Calibration of Wide Field Camera 3 ...... 163 The Photometric Performance and Calibration of WFC3 ...... 164 WFC3UVISandIRflat-fields ...... 172 Fringing in the WFC3/UVIS detector ...... 183 WFC3 IR ”Blobs”, IR Sky Flats and the measured IR background levels ...... 195 HST/WFC3In-OrbitGrismPerformance ...... 205 WFC3/IR Channel Behavior: Dark Current, Bad Pixels, and Count Non-Linearity . 215 Persistence in the WFC3 IR Detector ...... 226 WFC3 Image Calibration and Reduction Software ...... 232 First On-orbit Measurements of the WFC3-IR Count-rate Non-Linearity ...... 238 ACSafterSM4: NewLifeforanOldWorkhorse ...... 239 An Empirical Pixel-Based CTE Correction for ACS/WFC ...... 252 Red Leak Effects in Observations of Solar System Objects with ACS/SBC ...... 265 Application of the SIDECAR ASIC as the Detector Controller for ACS and the JWST Near-IRInstruments ...... 269 TheAstrometricContextofHSTin2010 ...... 270 v vi Contents

Multi – Wavelength Geometric Distortion Solution for WFC3/UVIS and IR . . . . . 271 Fine Guidance Sensors: Calibration Status ...... 281 A New Technique for Measuring Absolute Proper Motions with HST: Using Back- ground Galaxies as Positional References ...... 288 Cross-matching the Hubble Legacy Archive ...... 295 Some Thoughts on Cross-calibration in the Mid-Infrared ...... 305 James Webb Space Telescope Calibration ...... 316 Status of the James Webb Space Telescope Integrated Science Instrument Module System...... 323 Design Aspects of the JWST Calibration Pipeline Software ...... 350 Essentials of JWST Flux Calibration ...... 357 Candidate Calibrators for the In-Orbit Spectrophotometric Calibration of the MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrograph Onboard the James Webb Space Telescope 363 JWSTOperationsandthePhaseIandIIProcess ...... 373 BetaDrizzle: A Redesign of the MultiDrizzle Package ...... 376

Part 3. Contributed Posters

Cosmic Origins Spectrograph Commissioning: Overview of COS Servicing Mission ObservatoryVeriﬁcation ...... 385 On-OrbitPerformanceoftheCOSDetectors ...... 386 Cosmic Origins Spectrograph: On-Orbit Performance of Target Acquisitions . . . . . 394 Wavelength Calibration of the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph ...... 402 COS External Spectroscopic Performance: Spectral and Spatial Resolution . . . . . 413 COS Data Processing Improvements Based on HST SMOV Results ...... 420 Trend of Dark Rates of the COS and STIS NUV MAMA Detectors ...... 429 Monitoring of the Wavelength Calibration Lamps for the Hubble Space Telescope . . 433 Updated Statusand Performance ofthe STISCCD ...... 443 Removing the Pattern Noise from all STISSide-2CCDdata ...... 449 Post - SM4 Flux Calibration of the STIS Echelle Modes ...... 456 The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Flat Fielding ...... 462 Calibration of B,V,R,I Photometry for the Wide Field Channel of the HST Advanced CameraforSurveys...... 474 Post-SM4 ACS/WFC Bias Striping: Characterization And Mitigation ...... 475 ACS/WFCCrosstalk...... 487 TheNIRSpecCalibrationConcept ...... 491 NIRSpec - the JWST Multi-Object Spectrograph ...... 492 DitheringwithJWST’sNIRCam ...... 493 The JWST Tunable Filter Imager and its Calibration ...... 501 JWSTFineGuidanceSensorCalibration ...... 505 DetectingCosmicRaysinInfraredData ...... 511 WFC3/UVIS Detectors: On-orbit Performance ...... 519 Anomalies and Artifacts of the WFC3 UVIS and IR Detectors: An Overview . . . . 526 WFC3 UVIS Full Well Depths, and Linearity Near and Beyond Saturation . . . . . 534 Measurement of the Count-Rate Non-linearity in WFC3-IR Detectors ...... 535 WFC3 Low-Frequency Flat Field Corrections ...... 536 WFC3: On-Orbit Measurement of the Point Spread Function on the WFC3 Detectors 537 An example reduction of WFC3/IR slitless data ...... 546 WFC3/IRFilterWedge ...... 555 Dither and drizzle strategies for Wide Field Camera 3 ...... 561 Contents vii

NewNICMOSFlat-ﬁelds ...... 567 New Bad Pixel Mask Reference Files for the Post-NCS Era ...... 576 The Detection and Removal of Large-scale Detector Background Structures in NIC- MOSObservations ...... 586 CalibratingtheHSTFocalPlanepostSM4 ...... 596 HSTCycle19ExposureTimeCalculators ...... 600 UBVRI-ZY and ugriz zeropoints from 20 calspec standards ...... 606 Recovery of Very Low Signal-to-Noise Transiting Lightcurves Using Self-coherence . 617

Index ...... 619

Preface

We thank all the participants and organizers for making this workshop a success. The workshop was sponsored by the Instruments Division at STScI, and we thank all the members of the Organizing Committee, as well as Robin Auer, Roz Baxter, Steve Dignan, Pam Jeffries, Thomas Marufu, Jeff Nesbitt and his crew, Greg Pabst, Susan Rose, Dixie Shipley, Calvin Tullos, Anna Maria Valenzuela, and Mike Wiggs, for all their logistical and administrative support, without which, the workshop would not have been so smoothly run. Thanks also to Irene Stein and the CaféAzafran folks for providing the tasty food, coffee and tea during the workshop. We also thank NASA Headquarters, the HST Project at the Goddard Space Flight Center, and the Space Shuttle Program support staff at the Johnson Space Flight Center and Kennedy Space Center for their outstanding support of all HST servicing activities. We dedicate these proceedings to the memory of Rodger Doxsey.

The Editors Susana Deustua and Cristina Oliveira January 2011 x The Organizing Committee

The Organizing Committee

Susana Deustua co-chair Cristina Oliveira co-chair Rachel Anderson Azalee Bostroem Ralph Bohlin Marco Chiaberge Colin Cox Rosa Diaz Parviz Ghavamian Karl Gordon Tony Keyes Knox Long Aparna Maybhate Sami Niemi Massimo Robberto Elena Sabbi Michael A. Wolfe xi

Participant List

Thomas Ake CSC & Space Telescope Science Institute Alessandra Aloisi Space Telescope Science Institute Jay Anderson Space Telescope Science Institute Rachel Anderson Space Telescope Science Institute Barbara Anthony-Twarog University of Kansas Amber Armstrong Space Telescope Science Institute Thomas Ayres University of Colorado Sylvia Baggett Space Telescope Science Institute Brian Baptista Indiana University Elizabeth Barker Space Telescope Science Institute Tracy Beck Space Telescope Science Institute Stéphane Béland University of Colorado at Boulder William Blair The Johns Hopkins University & STSCI Ralph Bohlin Space Telescope Science Institute Tiffany Borders Space Telescope Science Institute Benoit Borguet Virginia Tech. Azalee Bostroem Space Telescope Science Institute Art Bradley Spacecraft System Engineering Services Marc Buie Southwest Research Institute Howard Bushouse Space Telescope Science Institute Ivo Busko Space Telescope Science Institute Sean Carey Spitzer Science Center, Caltech Pierre Chayer Space Telescope Science Institute Nathan Cole The Johns Hopkins University Alberto Conti Space Telescope Science Institute Colin Cox Space Telescope Science Institute Misty Cracraft Space Telescope Science Institute Gustavo Adolfo Cruz D´ıaz Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, CAB Tomas Dahlen Space Telescope Science Institute Emily Dare Tufts University Tony Darnell Space Telescope Science Institute Guido De Marchi European Space Agency Nadia Dencheva Space Telescope Science Institute Pieter Deroo Jet Propulsion Lab Susana Deustua Space Telescope Science Institute Rosa Diaz Space Telescope Science Institute Van Dixon The Johns Hopkins University Timothy Dolch Space Telescope Science Institute Linda Dressel Space Telescope Science Institute Mike Droettboom Space Telescope Science Institute Michael Dulude Space Telescope Science Institute Lorenzo Faccioli Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Paul Feldman The Johns Hopkins University Henry Ferguson Space Telescope Science Institute Kathy Flanagan Space Telescope Science Institute Scott Friedman Space Telescope Science Institute Andrew Fruchter Space Telescope Science Institute Patrick Fry Space Science & Engineering Center Suvi Gezari The Johns Hopkins University Parviz Ghavamian Space Telescope Science Institute xii Participant List

Ronald Gilliland Space Telescope Science Institute David Golimowski Space Telescope Science Institute Shireen Gonzaga Space Telescope Science Institute Karl Gordon Space Telescope Science Institute James Green University of Colorado Perry Greenfield Space Telescope Science Institute Matthew Greenhouse NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Norman Grogin Space Telescope Science Institute David Grumm Space Telescope Science Institute John Grunsfeld Space Telescope Science Institute Ted Gull NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Warren Hack Space Telescope Science Institute Christopher Hanley Space Telescope Science Institute Ryan Haynes Space Telescope Science Institute Gregory Hennessy US Naval Observatory Bryan Hilbert Space Telescope Science Institute Robert Hill NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Dean Hines Space Science Institute, NM Philip Hodge Space Telescope Science Institute Jay Holberg LPL, University of Arizona Sherie Holfeltz Space Telescope Science Institute J. Christopher Howk Univ. of Notre Dame Eric Hsiao Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Kuang-Han Huang The Johns Hopkins University Rolf Jansen ASU, School of Earth & Space Exploration Robert Jedrzejewski Space Telescope Science Institute Mary Elizabeth Kaiser The Johns Hopkins University Jason Kalirai Space Telescope Science Institute Diane Karakla Space Telescope Science Institute Stephen Kent Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Charles (Tony) Keyes Space Telescope Science Institute Anton Koekemoer Space Telescope Science Institute Vera Kozhurina-Platais Space Telescope Science Institute Jeffrey Kruk NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Martin Kuemmel Space Telescope - European Coordinating Facility Harald Kuntschner ESOST-ECF Vicki Laidler Space Telescope Science Institute Matthew Lallo Space Telescope Science Institute Justin Lazear The Johns Hopkins University Pey Lian Lim Space Telescope Science Institute Don Lindler Sigma Space Corporation Kevin Lindsay Space Telescope Science Institute Knox Long Space Telescope Science Institute Charlie Loomis Space Telescope Science Institute Markus Loose Markury Scientific Jennifer Mack Space Telescope Science Institute John MacKenty Space Telescope Science Institute Dan Magee UC-Santa Cruz Andre Martel Space Telescope Science Institute John Mather NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Aparna Maybhate Space Telescope Science Institute Stephan McCandliss The Johns Hopkins University Brian McLean Space Telescope Science Institute Participant List xiii

Todd Miller Space Telescope Science Institute Max Mutchler Space Telescope Science Institute James Muzerolle Space Telescope Science Institute Theodore Nakos University of Ghent Edmund Nelan Space Telescope Science Institute Sami-Matias Niemi Space Telescope Science Institute Robert O’Connell University of Virginia Cristina Oliveira Space Telescope Science Institute Rachel Osten Space Telescope Science Institute Steve Osterman University of Colorado Elena Pancino INAF-OABO Ilaria Pascucci Space Telescope Science Institute Steven Penton University of Colorado Andrew Pickles Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Nor Pirzkal Space Telescope Science Institute Charles Proﬃtt CSC & Space Telescope Science Institute Carlton (Tad) Pryor Rutgers University Abhijith Rajan Space Telescope Science Institute Bernard Rauscher NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Adam Riess Space Telescope Science Institute & JHU Pascal Ripoche Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Steven Rodney The Johns Hopkins University Elena Sabbi Space Telescope Science Institute David Sahnow The Johns Hopkins University Kailash Sahu Space Telescope Science Institute Kyan Schahmaneche LPNHE-IN2P3-Paris 7 University Glenn Schneider Steward Observatory, University of Arizona Ken Sembach Space Telescope Science Institute Richard Shaw NOAO Mark Sienkiewicz Space Telescope Science Institute Eric Smith NASA Headquarters David Soderblom Space Telescope Science Institute S. Tony Sohn Space Telescope Science Institute George Sonneborn NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Christopher Sontag Space Telescope Science Institute Megan Sosey Space Telescope Science Institute Alex Storrs Towson University Anatoly Suchkov The Johns Hopkins University Deepashri Thatte Space Telescope Science Institute Vithal Tilvi School of Earth & Space Exploration, ASU William van Altena Yale University Kevin Volk Space Telescope Science Institute Ingo Waldmann University College London Jeremy Walsh Space Telescope European Co-ordinating Facility Edward Weiler NASA Headquarters Brad Whitmore Space Telescope Science Institute Michael Wolfe Space Telescope Science Institute Michael H. Wong UC Berkeley Bruce Woodgate NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Brian York Space Telescope Science Institute Wei Zheng The Johns Hopkins University

Part 1. Workshop Schedule