The Sulgrave Review

Washington

Sulgrave 3*.eview.

Bulletin no. 3 [n. d.]

Hew York-London, I-- .Its I)()(

PUKSKNTH!) BY

/ The Sulgrave Review

"Bulletin No. 3

Published by The Sulgrave Institution, 233 Broadway, New Yorlc, N. Y. English Branch, 189 Central Builditigs, London.

'To foster friendship and to prevent misunderstanding among English-Speaking Peoples."—Articles of Incorporation Sulgrave Institution.

"To celebrate the Century of Peace between America and Great Britain was indeed a peace movement based on common sense. If I again should be nominated and elected President of the United States I should make friendship among English- Speaking peoples the feature of my foreign policy; indeed, I should go so far as to advocate an alliance between America and Great Britain as being, in association with France and a number of other countries, the best assurance of world peace for the future.—Theodore Roosevelt, to a friend shortly before his death.

f> 'If friendship among English-speaking peoples is

worth striving;.for, is it not also well worth

having patience and forbearance for?"

SuLGRAVK Manor Viewed from the Court The Sulgrave Review

Bulletin No, 3

Published as a Preliminary to the Sulgrave Review, a Quarterly

standing for American-Briiish friendship.

SULGRAVE OFFICIAL PERSONNEL

Charles W. Fairbanks, (deceased), Alton B. Parker, New York, Chancellor Honorary Chancellor George Gray, Delaware. Honorary Theodore E. Burton, New York, Vice Chancellor ^^i<^^ Chancellor

Whitlock, Ohio, Honorary , /^- • Brand l o i i r^i -t- loseph (j. Dutler, Jr., (Jhio, Ireasurer Secretary

Lyman J. Gage, California, Honorary ^ g Humphrey, New York, Secretary Treasurer

Honorary Members Emeritus, ex officio Perley Morse, New'lYork, Chairman British Ambassador to the United States Auditing Committee American Ambassador to Great Britain BOARD OF GOVERNORS

Honorary Chairman and Member Alba B. Johnson, Philadelphia, Pa.

ex officio Loomis C. Johnson, St. Louis, Mo. Theodore Roosevelt, (In Memoriam) Dr. George F. Kunz, New York William Howard Taft, New Haven, Mrs. Peter W. Meldrim, Savannah, Ga. Connecticut. Robert C. Morris, New York Charles Evans Hughes, New York Alton B. Parker, New York

James M. Beck, New York General John J. Pershing, Theodore E. Burton, New York Louis Livingston Seaman, New York Joseph G. Butler, Jr., Youngstown, O. Rear .Admiral William S. Sims Col. Bennehan Cameron, Staggvilie, Charles P. Taft, Cincinnati, Ohio N. C. T. Kennard Thomson, New York William A. Clark, New York Dr. Roland G. Usher, St. Louis, Mo. Washington, D. C. Samuel Gompers, George E. Vincent, New York W. O. Hart, New Orleans, La. W. Lanier Washington, New York Edward W. Hatch, New York. Major-General Leonard Wood, Chi- Dr. John Grier Hibben, Princeton, N.J. cago, 111. Herbert C. Hoover, Washington, D. C. Andrew B. Humphrey, New York John A. Stewart, New York, Chairman

3 OFFICES OF THE SULGRAVE INSTITUTION 3903 Woolworth Building, 233 Broadway, New York OFFICES OF THE BRITISH SULGRAVE INSTITUTION

189 Central Buildings, 1 Tothill Street, London, England CANADIAN PEACE CENTENARY ASSOCIATION Hope Chambers, Ottawa, Canada

SuLGRAVE Chapel, Where George Washington's Ancestors are Buried. — FOREWORD THE WHO, WHAT AND WHY OF SULGRAVE

The Sulgrave Institution takes its name from the Sulgrave Manor, the home of George Washington's ancestors in Northamp- tonshire, England, which Manor property, including house, out- buildings and about ten acres of land, was purchased in 1913 by a public spirited body of English men and women, who, to show their good-will for their kindred of America, turned the estate over to a Board of Trustees to be forever maintained as a place of pilgrimage for all who venerate the name of that Colonial English- man who became the Father of the American Republic. PEACE CENTURY CELEBRATION Coincident with the purchase of the Manor, which was an item in the program formulated by an International American and British Committee organized to celebrate, in 1914-1915, the one hundred years of peace among English-speaking peoples following the ratification of the Treaty of Ghent, in 1815, the plan was conceived of creating ultimately a society to take up permanently the work of "furthering friendship and preventing misunderstanding among English-speaking Peoples and as between them and other peoples of good-will." HISTORY OF CENTENARY

It may not be amiss at this point to quote a few words from the Year Book of the Centenary Committee as relating the history of this endeavor at international good-will:

"The movement adequately and properly to celebrate the one

hundredth anniversary of the ratification of the Ghent Treaty iri 1915, which began mformally in 1906, assumed a public status on February 20th, 1910, through the organization of the American Committee for the Celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of Peace Among English-Speaking Peoples. "The celebration movement derives its inspiration and impetus from the fact that, for one hundred years, all disputed questions between America and Great Britain have been settled one by one

by means of diplomacy, or arbitration. This achievement is all

the more striking when there is taken into consideration the unforti- fied frontier of over 5,000 miles which separates the United States from its Northern neighbor and friend —Canada.

5 "It is natural, therefore, that spontaneously there should have grown up a desire in America and throughout the British Empire to celebrate this century of peace between two peoples who are kindred in language, law, and institutions.

"And it is desired that all American memorials shall, in sentiment and purpose, be less a commemoration of the past than covenants for the future of amity and good-will.

It has been said in very truth that: "The celebration of this anniversary offers the best opportunity our age will see for the cultivation of world-wide good-will." ORIGIN OF SULGRAVE The following quotation may throw some light upon the origin of the Sulgrave movement, which matter has been somewhat in dispute. London, England, July 3, 1919.

"No need to write that I follow the good work of the Sulgrave Insti- tution with increasing interest. I wish time and advancing years

allowed me to do more to help. I recall your earliest efforts, I think as long ago as 1906 when you came to Gloucester, Mass., and out- lined the project to John Hays Hammond and me. (Signed) Moreton Frewen". To John A. Stewart, Woolworth Building, New York, N. Y. In carrying out this prearranged plan of perpetuating the work begun in 1910, a resolution authorizing the creation of "The Sulgrave Institution", a society to center in Sulgrave Manor, was approved at a meeting of trustees of Sulgrave Manor held at the American Embassy in London in March, 1914, Ambassador Walter Hines Page in the Chair. Since that time the work of the Institution has been going steadily on. The membership of the

Institution is now about 8500, including its Associate Mem-

bership; and it represents every English-speaking country. On November 8, 1917, the Sulgrave Institution of America was incorporated under the laws of the State of New York, under a charter which reads as follows: CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF THE SULGRAVE INSTITUTION

The specific purposes for which the said Institution is formed are:

First: To foster friendship and to prevent misunderstanding among English speaking peoples; Second: To inform our mutual peoples in the arts and practices of peaceful intercourse, for the benefit of our respective nations, and as a help and an example to all mankind;

Third: To encourage, promote and promulgate the basic sentiments of democracy;

Fourth: To discuss, to comment upon, to elucidate, explain and interpret questions of common interest, in public address and in printed publication;

Fifth: To bring together into a closer community of interest those societies, associations and general organizations, together with all individuals, that are engaged in any work which tends towards the understanding of the Anglo-Saxon- Celtic point of view, culture, laws and related institutions;

Sixth: To aid in upholding and maintaining the fundamental institutions of the English speaking world and in fostering the ideals which inspired their creation;

Seventh: To maintain buildings, which shall be used as a place of meeting and popular assemblage, as a repository of memorabilia, of historic relics, and as centers from which can be prosecuted and carried on the work in connection with the above-mentioned objects and purposes;

Eighth: The Institution may, if desirable, pursue its activities in association with the Board of Trustees of Sulgrave Manor, the ancestral home of George Washington in Northamptonshire, England, of which Board the American Am- bassador to Great Britain is, ex officio. Chairman. INCORPORATORS OF SULGRAVE

(Ex-officio Members Advisory Council)

William B. Howland Harry Shaw Perris Aberdeen & Temair John A. Stewarf

Wm. C. Demorest Joseph G. Butler, Jr.

J. Taylor EUyson Wm. Church Osborn Bennehan Cameron Leonard Wood Robert Sharp Harry L. Brown W. O. Hart Geo. W. Davis Martin Behrman Loomis C. Johnson W. Lanier Washington Roland G. Usher Charles P. Taft Andrew B. Humphrey John Grier Hibben Alton B. Parker George F. Kunz William A. Aiken Louis Livingston Seaman T. Kennard Thomson Samuel Gompers Herbert Hoover SULGRAVE'S OFFICIAL ROSTER ADVISORY COUNCIL

Charles W. Eliot, Massachusetts, Louis W. Hill, Minnesota Honorary Chairman Arthur L. Weatherly, Nebraska Clark Howell, Georgia, Honorary Vice Franklin Murphy, New Jersey Chairman Alexander C. Humphreys, New Jersey William A. Clark, Montana, Chairman John Grier Hibben, New Jersey Members D. K. B. Sellers, New Mexico Arthur Capper, Kansas George F. Baker, New York Emerson C. Harrington, Maryland William Allen Butler, New York

Theodore G. Bilbo, Mississippi Edward J. Berwind, New York Emmet D. Boyle, Nevada Joseph N. Francolini, New York R. Livingston Beeckman, Rhode Island Frederic R. Coudert, New York W. P. Hobby, Texas James W. Gerard, New York Theodore Roosevelt, New York, (in David H. Greer, New York Memoriam in perpetua) Archer M. Huntington, New York William Howard Taft, Connecticut Charles Evans Hughes, New York Henry D. Clayton, Alabama William A. Manning, New York

Pred K. Fleagle, Alabama J. P. Morgan, New York

S. H. Fordyce, Arkansas Jacob H. Schiff New York Frank Tomlinson, Arkansas R. A. C. Smith, New York W. H. Crocker, California N. G. Thwaite, New York Franklin K. Lane, District of Columbia Norrie Sellar, New York Samuel Gompers, District of Columbia John Blair MacAfee, London Harry L. Brown, Florida Otto H. Kahn, New York Duncan U. Fletcher, Florida George W. Wickersham, New York James F. Ailshie, Idaho George T. Wilson, New York

Jacob M. Dickinson, Illinois Louis J. Reckford, New York Ira Nelson Morris, Illinois A. H. Spencer, New York James B. Forgan, Illinois Walter B. Walker, New York John C. Shaffer, Illinois David Boyle, New York George Ade, Indiana John S. Carr, North Carolina Charles W. Fairbanks, Indiana Judson Harmon, Ohio William Allen White, Kansas Samuel Mather, Ohio Robert Sharp, Louisiana Earl W. Oglebay, Ohio James Cardinal Gibbons, Maryland William Cooper Proctor, Ohio Theodore Marburg, Maryland Oswald West, Oregon

R. T. Crane, Jr., Massachusetts W. Harry Brown, Pennsylvania W. M. Crane, Massachusetts Arthur E. Newbold, Pennsylvania General Geo. W. Goethals Charles M. Schwab, Pennsylvania

Albert Bushnell Hart, Massachusetts S. H. Church, Pennsylvania Augustus Hemenway, Massachusetts Manuel L. Queson, Philippine Islands Sinclair Kennedy, Massachusetts Henry Clay Ide, Vermont Woodbridge N. Ferris, Michigan Edwin A. Alderman, Virginia Chase S. Osborn, Michigan Cyrus Northrop, Minnesota D. Hamilton Jackson, Virgin Islands COMMITTEE ON CHURCH CO-OPERATION

Rt. Rev. James H. Darlington, Chair- Rev. Chas. A. Eaton man Rev. S. Parkes Cadman Vice Chairmen Rev. William T. Manning

COMMITTEE ON CO-OPERATION PATRIOTIC ORGANI- ZATIONS

Bennehan Cameron, Chairman (186 organizations represented)

EDITORIAL BOARD

Henry Cabot Lodge, Massachusetts, Howard Wheeler, New York Honorary Chairman Ralph W. Page, New York Henry Watterson, Kentucky, Chairmaii Frank N. Doubleday, New York Albert Shaw, NewYork, Vice Chairman John Burroughs, New York Members William A. Dunning, New York Winston Churchill, Vermont Robert R. McCormick, Illinois George Louis Beer, New York Henry Van Dyke, New Jersey George Harvey, New York Talcott Williams, New York Albert Bushnell Hart, Massachusetts Sinclair Kennedy, Massachusetts Henry Sturgis Drinker, Pennsylvania Major George Haven Putman, Nt George Ade, Indiana York Milie Bunnell, Minnesota EDUCATIONAL EXTENSION

Roland G. Usher, Missouri Chairman, Karl N. S. Howland, New York Edwin A. Alderman, Vice Chairman Charles A. Eaton, New York Members Dr. Albert Shaw, New York Dr. John H. Finley Dr. W. H. P. Faunce, Rhode Island Dr. James Sullivan Prof. Geo. Trumbull Ladd, New David Jayne Hill, New York Haven, Conn. Edgar F. Smith, Pennsylvania Prof. Albert Bushnell Hart, ex officio William Arnold Shaklin, Connecticut Matthew Page Andrews, Maryland Ira Remsen, Maryland Sinclair Kennedy, Massachusetts H. B. Hutchins, Michigan Rev. N. S. Thomas, Pennsylvania F. A. Hall, Missouri Dr. Guy Potter Benton, Vermont Elmer Burritt Bryan, New York Rev. Walter F. Greenman, Wisconsin James R. Day, New York Dr. Charles F. Thwing, Ohio. S. Parkes Cadman, New York Dr. Samuel C. Mitchell, Delaware Newell Dwight Hillis, New York Charles Altschul, New York George H. Lorimer, Pennsylvania Dr. Robt. Sharp, Louisiana INTERNATIONAL HOSPITALITY

George William Burleigh, New York, William Gammell, Providence, R. I. Chairman Eugene Delano, New York City Bennehan Cameron, North Carolina, Mrs. E. H. Harriman, New York Vice Chairman Mrs. Gustavis S. Wallace, New York Members S. R. Guggenheim, New York

George J. Gould, New York John H. McFadden, Pennsylvania Larz Anderson, Massachusetts Mrs. Wm. Caleb Loring, Massachusetts Louis K. Liggott, Massachusetts Thos. D. Neelands, New York

Nicholas F. Brady, New York J. D. Dort, Michigan Samuel Mather, Ohio W. A. Clark, Jr., California

George Burnham, Jr., Pennsylvania George A. Elliott, Delaware Otto H. Kahn, New York Frederick S. Fish, Indiana James B. Forgan, Chicago Fred Vogel, Jr., Wisconsin Ogden Mills, New York Mrs. Charles M. Chapin, New York Joseph Leiter, District of Columbia James Parmelee, D. C. L. Gordon Hamersley, New York W. A. Gallup, Massachusetts Benjamin Walworth Arnold, New York R. H. Downman, Louisiana.

Julius Forstmann, Passiac, N. J. R. A. C. Smith, New York Thomas DeWitt Cuyler, Philadelphia, Norvie Sellar, New York Pa. COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

James M. Beck, New York, Chairman Robert C. Morris, New York Members Dr. Louis Livingston Seaman, New George William Burleigh, New York York John Hays Hammond, New York Alba B. Johnson, Pennsylvania Perley Morse, New York Walter Jennings, New York William Allen Butler, New York Charles McKnight, Pennsylvania Ex Henry Clews, New York Officio Alton B. Parker John Blair MacAfee, London. Theodore E. Burton N. G. Thwaites, London, Andrew B. Humphrey William Salomon, New York John A. Stewart INTERNATIONAL QUESTIONS

George Sutherland, Utah, Chairman Otto H. Kahn, New York Charles Stewart Davison, New York, John R. Rathom, Rhode Island Vice Chairman Robert Bacon, New York

Members J. C. Hemphill, Virginia Benjamin Ide Wheeler, California Prof. Geo. Trumbull Ladd, Connecticut Vivian M. Lewis, New Jersey John L. Severance, Ohio David Jayne Hill, New York Robert Watchorn, Cal. Charles Matteson, Rhode Island M. Woolsey Stryker, New York Rt. Rev. James Henry Darlinton, Pa. Myron T. Herrick, Ohio A. B. Hepburn, New York

10 COMMITTEE ON RELATIONS WITH CANADA AND NEWFOUNDLAND

Chase S. Osborn, Michigan, Chairman Smith M. Weed, New York Louis K. Liggett, Massachusetts Wardner Williams, Colorado Robert Treat Paine, Massachusetts Fenton M. Parke, New York Ansley Wilcox, New York R. Fulton Cutting, New York Sherman T. Handy, Michigan William H. Crosby, New York Thomas Burke, Washington Veryl Preston, New York Samuel Hill, Washington .,, n, t^ i r^ ^. T . ^ ,^ Albert M. Uueber, Lanton, (Jhio James A. 1 awney, Minnestoa H. H. Franklin, James L. Tryon, Maine New York W. H. Cowles, Washington S. H. Cox, Cleveland, O.

LAW AND LEGISLATION Judge Edward W. Hatch, New York, Judge Henry Wade Rogers, Connecticut Chairman Walter B. Walker, New York Members Charles S. Fairchild, New York Judge Edgar M. Cullen, New York William Nottingham, New York B. B. Odell, New York Charles M. Turner, New York COMMITTEE ON MEMBERSHIP Loomis C. Johnson, Missouri, Chairman T. Kennard Thomson, New York

Members John A. Stewart, New York, ex officio Robert C. Morris, New York Andrew B. Humphrey, New York NATIONAL AFFAIRS Charles Phelps Taft, Ohio, Chairman Dr. John M. Thomas, Vermont Members Q. Gardner, Maine R. Livingston Beeckman, Island t Rhode c m \7 i • James Speyer, New York D n- c IV J IT o hi. Kollm VVoodruiT, Connecticut . . . S. Miller, Peterboro, r :„j^ \\7 T>^^ I Gerrit ' ' N. Y. Lindon vV. hJates, MJNew vYork Charles W. Larmon, New York William Butterworth, Illinois PUBLICATIONS

W. Lanier Washington, New York, John A. Stewart, New York, ex officio

Chairman A. B. Humphrey, New York, ex officio AIembers Perley Morse, New York RULES AND RESOLUTIONS

Judge Edward W. Hatch, New York, Chairman Ex-Officio. George Sutherland, Utah Alton B. Parker Perley Morse, New York John A. Stewart, Charles Phelps Taft, New York A. B. Humphrey

Robert C. Morris, New York Ex Officio

11 COMMITTEE ON SCHOLARSHIPS

Charles Stewart Davison, New York, Dr. Elmer Burritt Bryan, New York, Chairman 1st Vice Chairman Dr. Robert Sharp, La., 2d Vice Chairman SPONSORS FOR SULGRAVE Among the members, acting as endorsers of the articles of incorporation, with which the Institution started upon its work, are:(ex-officio members advisory- council): Alabama—Henry M. Edmonds New York—Gen. George W. Goethals Arizona— Edwin W. Wells Dr. J. H. Jowett California— Robert Watchorn Robert C. Pruyn Colorado—Alva B. Adams Dr. Albert Shaw Connecticut— Prof. Henry W. Farnam Henry R. Towne of Yale George W. Wickersham Col. Norris G. Osborn Albert Eugene Gallatin Delaware—^Samuel C. Mitchell, Presi- North Carolina —Walter E. Moore dent, Delaware College North Dakota— George M. Young Florida— Senator Duncan U. Fletcher Ohio—Gov. James M. Cox Georgia—W. R. Hammond Myron T. Herrick Idaho— Rt. Rev. James B. Funsten Charles F. Thwing, President, Wes- Illinois —Carter H. Fitz-Hugh tern Reserve University Dr. Harry Pratt Judson, President, Oklahoma— Rt.'Rev. Francis K. Brooke University of Chicago Oregon—Alfred W. Cauthorne Iowa James R. Hanna — Pennsylvania—Vance C. McCormick Kansas George W. Marble — GifFord Pinchot Kentucky Col. Henry Watterson — Rt. Rev. Philip M. Rhinelander Louisiana William Polk — Isaac Sharpless, President, Haver- Maine Dr. A. Robert, President, — J. ford College Colby College Rhode Island — Rt. Rev. James DeWolf Maryland—Theodore Marburg Perry, Jr. Blanchard Randall South Carolina— Dr. J. S. Moffat, Massachusetts Eugene N.Foss — President, Erskine College Michigan Russell A. Alger — Dr. Henry N. Snyder, President, H. Newberry Truman Wofford College Minnesota S. R. Van Sant — Dr. D. D. Wallace Levi Longfellow South Dakota — Dr. H. K. Warren, Mississippi — Rt. Rev. Theodore D. President, Yankton College Bratton Tennessee— R. W. Austin Missouri—Henry M. Beardsley Luke Lea Herbert S. Hadley Breckenridge Jones Texas— R. F. Milam Montana—Henry L. Myers Utah—Glen Miller Nevada—Albert H. Howe Vermont—Guy Porter Benton, Presi- New Hampshire— Henry C. Morrison dent University of Vermont New Jersey—John Boyd Avis Dr. John M. Thomas, President, New Mexico—Octaviano A. Larrazolo Middlebury College

12 Virginia — Richard Evelyn Bird West Virginia—E. S. Baker T. M. Carrington Wisconsin — Rev. Wake F. Greenman

Andrew J. Montague Wyoming— Rt. Rev. Nathaniel S. Gen. E. W. Nichols Thomas. Washington—E. O. Holland, President, State College of Washington

The Honorary Members of the Institution are: PATRONS AND FOUNDERS

Joseph Leiter, Washington, D. C. N. Morris, New York

James A. Patten, Evanston, 111. James C. Colgate, New York H. E. Huntington, New York Henry Schniewind, New York Mrs. E. H. Harriman, New York Mrs. Pierre Lorillard, New York Oliver R. Payne, New York Mrs. Charles W. Dustin, New York S. R. Guggenheim, New York Mrs. Franklin Farrell, Ansonia, Conn. W. K. Vanderbilt, New York William C. Durant, New York

J. D. Rockefeller, Jr., New York Frederick F. Ayer, Boston, Mass.

E. J. Berwind, New York Alba B. Johnson, Philadelphia, Pa. Augustus Hemenway, Boston, Mass. H. H. Franklin, Syracuse, N. Y. P. S. DuPont, Wilmington, Del. Jacob Dobson Cox, Cleveland, O.

Julius Rosenwald, Chicago, 111. William H. Crosby, Buffalo, N. Y.

R. T. Crane, Jr., Chicago, 111. Archer M. Huntington, Baychester,

George J. Gould, New York N. Y. Alexander Cochrane, Boston, Mass. Charles Hamot Strong, Erie, Pa.

John Long Severance, Cleveland, O. James B. Forgan, Chicago, 111. Charles P. Taft, Cincinnati, O. James Shewan, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Henry Clews, New York Mrs. Thomas J. Emery, Middletown,

Charles H. Swift, Chicago, 111. R. I. William Rockefeller, New York Manuel E. Rionda, New York Charles Lanier, New York Henry Denison Burnham, Boston, Willard E. Case, Auburn, N. Y. Mass.

Miss A. B. Jennings, New York W. A. Clark, Jr., Los Angeles, 'Cal.

R. R. Colgate, New York George Burnham, Jr., Philadelphia, Pa. Elbert H. Gary, New York H. E. Verran

Sarah J. MacM. Huntington, Colum- Sylvester S. Marvin, Bryn Mawr, Pa. bus, O. William W. Whitman, Boston, Mass. D. Dort, Flint, Mich. J. Frederick C. Fletcher, Boston, Mass. L. Gordon Hamersley, New York Howard Heinz, Pittsburgh, Pa. William Salomon, New York Ambrose Monell, New York Mrs. Stephen V. Harkness, New York Frank A. Munsey, New York Edward S. Harkness, New York HEREDITARY MEMBERS

Joseph G. Butler, Jr., Youngstown, O. Arthur Curtiss James, New York Lewis L. Clarke, New York

13 LIFE MEMBERS

Francis Lynde Stetson, New York William Arthur Gallup, North Adams» Mrs. Thornton K. Lothrop, Boston, Mass. Mass. Benjamin Lowenstein, New York Veryl Preston, New York Frederick A. Juilliard, New York Thomas F. Vietor, New York William G. Mather, Cleveland, Ohio

W. Dixon Ellis, New York R. J. Reynolds, Winston-Salem, N. C. Arthur E. Newbold, Philadelphia, Pa. Eugene Delano, New York James Speyer, New York W. H. Miner, Chicago, III. Walter Jennings, New York Samuel H. Vauclain, Philadelphia, Pa. Robert Lincoln, Washington, D. C. Frederick F. Brewster. New Haven, John H. Henry, Lincoln, N. H. Conn. R. H. Williams, New York Edgar Philetus Sawyer, Oshkosh, Wis.

Henry Wiener, Jr., Philadelphia, Pa. Eleanor de Groff Cuyler, New York C. M. Wooley, New York Howard E. Wurlitzer, Cincinnati, O. Homer Allison Stillwell, Chicago, 111. Peter B. Bradley, Boston, Mass. Clarence M. Clark, Philadelphia, Pa. Samuel H. Fordyce, Hot Springs, Ark. W. E. Connor, New York John D. Larkin, Buffalo, N. Y. Joseph A. Jeffrey, Columbus, Ohio Mrs. Francis Hubbard Larkin, Buffalo, Windsor T. White, Cleveland, Ohio. N. Y.

Grant B. Schley, Far Hills, N. J. Benjamin Walworth Arnold, Albany, Elizabeth A. Harter, Canton, Ohio. N. Y. Emma B. Auchincloss, New York G. D. B. Bonbright, Rochester, N. Y. Edward Wiener Robert M. Dunn, Philadelphia, Pa. Edmund Randolph, New York Eldridge R. Johnson, Merion, Pa. Wheeler, Bridgeport, Julius Forstmann, Passaic, N. J. Samuel H. Conn. j. H. Wade. Cleveland, O. George O. Knapp, Fort Ann, N. Y. Elizabeth Bradford du Pont, Green- John H. McFadden, Philadelphia, Pa.

ville, Del. Alva C. Dinkey, Philadelphia, Pa. Harry Sachs, New York Charles H. Sabin, New York Samuel Mather, Cleveland, O. E. W. Voight, Detroit, Mich.

Franklin Murphy, Newark, N. J. John E. Dwight, New York Abram Nesbitt, Kingston, Pa. George F. Porter, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Gustavus S. Wallace, New York John Stambaugh, Youngstown, O. William Huntington Perkins, New York M. Orme Wilson, New York John C. Shaffer, Chicago, 111. John Gribbel, Philadelphia, Pa. Chester A. Braman, New York George Burnham, Jr., Philadelphia, Pa. William Butterworth, Moline, III. Louis J. Reckford, New York Pa. Elizabeth S. Emery, New York Samuel Rea, Philadelphia, A. Barton Hepburn, New York Charles McKnight, Pittsburgh, Pa. Mrs. Raymond T. Baker, New York Raymond Pitcairn, Philadelphia, Pa. Fritz yVchelis, New York John J. O'Brien, Chicago, 111. Arthur P. Clapp, New York Henry M. Byllesby, Chicago, III. Walter Lippincott, Philadelphia, Pa. Alexander Brown, Baltimore, Md. Zenas Crane, Dalton, Mass. Thomas DeWitt Cuyler, Philadelphia, Mrs. Andrew Carnegie, New York Pa.

14 Abraham L. Erlanger, New York Robert T. Sheldon, Oakland, N. J. Edmund L. Baylies, New York Francis Henry Appleton, Peabody, C. Oliver Iselin, New York Mass.

John R. Schofield, Chicago, 111. Albert Tag, New York Mrs. John Innes Kane, New York Willard M. Clapp, Cleveland, 0. James Brown Mabon, New York Susan M. Loring, Boston, Mass. Charles H. Strong, New York Albert M. Dueber, Canton, O. Peter Fletcher, New York Mrs. Amos L. Hopkins, Williamstown, W. H. Voorhees, Brooklyn, N. Y. Mass. Ambrose Swasey, Cleveland, O. Gordon W. Burnham, New York S. H. Cox, Cleveland, O. William E. Iselin, New York

Ambler J. Stewart, New York Mrs. William Douglas Sloane, New Mrs. Charles M. Chapin, New York York R. H. Downman, New Orleans, La. W. E. Bock, New York Henry H. Stambaugh, Y'oungstown, O. Edward Howard Hutchinson, New York E. L. McClain, Greenfield, 0. M. S. Kemmereer, New York George F. Baker, New York Laura Amory Lawrence, New York C. A. Grosselle, Cleveland, O. Mrs. John W. Stoddard, New York

Sigmand Ullman, New York ' George Robert White, New York B. W. Campbell, New York TWENTY YEAR MEMBERS

Samuel Sachs, New York George A. Elliott, Wilmington, Del.

Wm. Gammell, Providence, R. I. Edward Wright Sheldon, New York Estate James Talcott, New York R. Fulton Cutting, New York William B. Thompson, New York Irving H. Chase, Waterbury, Conn. Mrs. Patrick A. Valentine, New York A. Hecksher, New York Simon Guggenheim, New York John N. Willys, Akron, Ohio. John W. Garrett, Baltimore, Md. Florence C. Whitney, Andrew Adie, Chestnut Hill, Mass. Daniel Willard, Baltimore, Md.

A. A. Sprague, 2nd, Chicago, 111. Edwin A. Grozier, Boton, Mass.

Mrs. Charles A. Chapin, Chicago, III. Arthur Winslow, Boston, Mass. George L. Williams, New York Frank Brewer Bemis, Boston, Mass.

George M. Verity, Middletown, Ohio. Fred. Vogel, Jr., Milwaukee, Wis. James Parmalee, Washington, D. C. G. Watson French, Davenport, Iowa

Henry R. Towne, New York I. Tucker Burr, Boston, Mass. Wm. Seward Webb, New York H. S. Firestone, Akron, O. Henry Cabot Lodge, Boston, Mass. W. A. Clarke, Montana Miss Isabel H. Lenman, Washington, E. W. Hopkins, San Francisco, Cal. D. C. Frederick S. Fish, South Bend, Ind. Mrs. G. H. Shaw, Boston, Mass. George Wigglesworth, Milton, Mass.

Martin A. Ryerson, Chicago, 111. Wm. H. Voorhees, Brooklyn, N. Y. F. Aug. Schermerhorn, New York Arthur F. Estabrook, Boston, Mass. Henry D. Sharpe, Providence, R. I. Geo. Elsworth Dunscombe, Frank Trumbull, New York Walter H. Langshaw, Mrs. Chas. W. Hubbard, Auburndale P. O., Mass. Edwin S. Webster, Chestnut Hill, Mass.

15 Harold I. Pratt, New York Joshua S. Raynolds, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Amory Haskell, New York Vance C. McCormick, Harrisburg, Pa. TEN YEAR MEMBERS

H. C. Chatfield Taylor, Chicago, 111. Mrs. Mary E. Conant, New York Gerrit S. Miller, Peterboro, N. Y. Joseph Lee, New York HONORARY ASSOCIATE MEMBERS

Sir Thomas Lipton Most Reverend Cosmo Gordon Lang, Rt. Hon. the Earl of Desart Archbishop of York Rt. Hon. the Lord Desborough Sir Sidney Lee Rt. Hon. Lord Devenport Hon. Thomas Mackenzie Rt. Hon. Sir Henry Mortimer Durand Alexander C. Rutherford Hon. Sydney Arthur Fisher Rt. Hon. Sir Flrnest Mason Satow John Galsworthy Hon. William T. White The Very Reverend Daniel Miner Alfred Baker Gordon Admiral Charles Edmund Kingsmill Sir Thomas Barlow Rt. Hon. Lord Lamington Charles James Stewart Bethune THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE SULGRAVE MANOR (EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS BOARD GOVERNORS INTERNATIONAL SULGRAVE)

Mr. J. P. Morgan Viscount Bryce Major General Leonard Wood Viscount Cowdray

Joseph G. Butler, Jr. Sir William Mather Mr. T. Coleman DuPont Lord Weardale Mr. John A. Stewart Sir Harry E. Brittain Earl Spencer Mr. Robert Donald THE SULGRAVE INSTITUTION—BRITISH BRANCH BOARD OF GOVERNORS

Honorary Chairman and Mrmber Sir Harry Brittain, K. B. E., M. P.

ex-officio: Sir Sam Fay H. E. The American Ambassador Consul-General R. P. Skinner

(The Hon. John W. Davis) Rev. Dr. J. Fort Newton Marquess of Crewe, K. G. The Mayor of Northampton Earl Curzon of Kedleston, K. G. Ex-Officio

Earl Spencer, K. G. Mr. Joseph G. Butler, Jr. Viscount Bryce, O. M. Dr. L. Livingston Seaman

Viscount Cowdray Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan Lord Weardale Gen. T. Coleman Du Pont Rt. Hon. Sir William Mather Mr. John A. Stewart Sir Sidney Lee, D. Litt. Major-Gen. Leonard Wood

16 Dr. C. Stewart Davison Hon. Treasurer: Lord Weardale Robert Donald Mr. Secretary: H. S. Perris, M. A. Mr. L. Garvin J. (to whom inquiries and communica- Mr. John Blair MacAfee tions should be addressed.) Mrs. John W. Davis Jssistant Secretary: Miss D. Palmer Lady (Arthur) Herbert K. Lady Lee of Fareham Resident Stezvard and Caretaker at Sul- Lady Paget grave Manor: Ex-Inspector H. W. Mrs. Woodhull Martin Pywell

CANADIAN PEACE CENTENARY ASSOCIATION Headquarters—Hope Chambers, Ottawa.

President, Sir Edmund Walker MonoTory Secretary, C. F. Hamilton Organizing Secretary, K. H. Scammell

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

The President Sir Joseph Pope The Hon. Sir George H. Perley Lieut. Col. H. C. Lowther

The Hon. Sir William Mulock Sir George Burn The Hon. Justice Brodeur J. C. Walsh, Esq. The Hon. W. L. Mackenzie King Charles A. Magrath, Esq. The Hon. Sir Alexandre Lacoste Elias Rogers, Esq. The Hon. S. Barker The Hon. Senator Dandurand The Honorary Secretary.

17 DESERVED TRIBUTE TO FRIENDS

The Sulgrave Review Bulletin would not be complete without a reference to the splendid work of the British Sulgrave, under the able direction of Lord Weardale, Chairman of the Executive and Harry S. Perris, Secretary. Both have long been identified with the movement to further friendship among English-speaking peoples, and with Lord Bryce, have worthily and indefatigably championed the cause with which the international Sulgrave bodies have been so conspicuously identified. While many others have despaired these three have kept the faith and gone on patiently and courageously to meet the future. Now it would seem that the crest of the climb had been reached; that the Sulgrave movement, against tremendous odds, bitter enmities, reactionary influences, without adequate financial support, now rests upon an unshakeable foundation. Its great asset is Washington Sulgrave Manor, the home of George Washington's forebears, a venerable relic of pilgrimage, and a perennial source of inspiration and popular support.

While it is true that the movement to further friendship between America and Great Britain began in 1906 in the United

States it is equally true that the British Committee and the British public, when once well into the movement, purchased Sulgrave Manor, which was to become the very keystone of the Sulgrave Institution arch, the most valuable possession that any body entering into the work of furthering friendship among English-speaking peoples could possibly have.

So long as Sulgrave does its work honestly, courageously and

effectively, all attacks upon its integrity as an institution will fail, because the Institution possesses Sulgrave Manor, the home of the ancestors of that man who was born an Englishman, reared under the Union Jack, but who, hating tyranny, became the great champion of a cause which would have failed had he not led it; and the climax of his work was the creation of an English-speaking and British-buttressed Republic. "First in war, first in peace,

first in the hearts of his countrymen," is still George Washington.

It is historic justice that by the act of Dean Inge and Board of St. Paul's Cathedral, the efiigy of this great man will be placed among the elect of the English-speaking world, equal to the greatest that the race has produced.

18 To Viscount Bryce, to Lord Weardale, to Secretary Perris, to Mrs. Victoria Woodhull Martin, to Robert Donald and also to the late Earl Grey, the Sulgrave Movement owes a debt which it will be hard to repay. For to these men more than to any others is owed the gift of the Manor. Others whom the American Sulgrave salutes for services of conspicuous merit are Viscount Burnham, Sir Robert Hadfield, Sir Charles Wakefield, Mr. Moreton Frewen, Earl Spencer, Sir Arthur Lawley, Lord Cowdray, the late Lady Paget, Sir Harry Brittain, Miss Woodhull, Lord Lee, Sir Sidney Lee, Viscount Grey, Sir Arthur Herbert, Lord Glenconner, Sir Shirley Benn, Sir Reginald Bloomfield, John Garvin, Lord Charnwood and Sir Frank Benson, to say nothing of the many other upstanding men and women who have contributed time and money to the maintenance of Sulgrave Manor and the Sulgrave movement.

Our debt to Canada is equally pressing, and it is also equally pleasant to acknowledge the friendship of our co-workers in the cause of American-British friendship. Sir Edmund Walker, Sir George H. Perley, Lieutenant Colonel Charles Frederick Hamilton, the Honorable W. L. Mackenzie King, Sir Alexandre Lacoste, Charles A. Magrath, Esq., Sir George Burn, Justice Lyman P. DufF, Senator Raoul Dandurand, Justice W. R. Riddell, and in a particularly personal way the former Secretary of the Canadian Centenary Committee, E. H. Scammell, Esq., whose work in helping to rehabilitate the soldiery of Canada has been particularly effective. Viscount Burnham, proprietor of the London Telegraph deserves especial commendation and lasting commemoration because of his unsparing effort to create an endowment for Sul- grave Manor, through an appeal to the British public for financial support.

This fund is notable for reason that it brought into the Sul- grave movement as honorary members by reason of gifts and expressions of sympathy His Majesty King George and H. R. H. the Prince of Wales, who take their place with President Wilson Hon. -Chairman of the Sulgrave Lincoln statue presentation committee, as the first members of Sulgrave. The British Com- mittee is further to be congratulated for the splendid gift of Sir George Watson of ^^80,000 to found a permanent chair of American History in British Universities. America hopes soon to duplicate this benign act. 19 EXCERPTS FROM THE CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE SULGRAVE INSTITUTION

Ailicle IV. Divisions and Branches. The Sulgrave Institution shall be composed of branch (or local, national) Institutions organized in the United States of America, in Great Britain and Ireland, Canada, Newfoundland, Australia, British South Africa, Alaska, Hawaii and in those other countries and places into which the political jurisdiction of United States of America and Great Britain and Ireland extends.

Article V. Local Institutions. All local Institutions shall be incorporated under the laws of the country in which their respective memberships live, in order that there may be established legal responsibility for their acts, severally and collectively.

Article VI. International Institution. The Sulgrave Institution (International) shall be created through the establishment of a board of control and government, the members of which shall be selected by the branch Institutions in the United States of America, and throughout the British Empire and to whom, as representing the various constituent bodies, powers of action, control and authority shall be delegated to an extent necessary to give the International body such freedom of action as should legally be granted to it and as may be deemed wise and essential by the constituent bodies.

Article VII. Government and Control.

Section 1. The government and control of The Sulgrave Intitution (International) shall be vested in a Board of Governors of one hundred (100) selective members, fifty of whom shall be Americans and fifty of whom shall be citizens of the British Commonwealth. The American members shall be selected and appointed by the Board of Governors of the branch American Institution and the British members shall be chosen in accordance with any plan that may be devised by the branch Institutions of the British Commonwealth. Any vacancies occurring among the American membership shall be filled exclusively through action by an American Board of Governors, and any vacancies occurring among the British membership shall be filled exclusively through action by the branch Insti tutions of the British Commonwealth. A member may be removed for good and sufficient cause from membership in the International and in the respective local National Boards of Governors by the local National Board of Governors concerned whenever complaint shall be made by the Board of Governors of the Internationa! Institution to any local National branch. Twenty (20) members present in person, or by legal proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. All local National Boards of Governors shall have exclusive jurisdiction over their own members, and for just cause may remove any member. Sec. 2. The Board of Governors of one hundred shall be divided as to the term of service of the members thereof, into classes of twenty (20) each, one class to serve one year, one class to serve two years, one class to serve three years, one class to serve four years, and one class to serve five years. Each of the local, national Institutions shall classify its own members on the Board of Governors of the (International) Institution in accordance with its own selected and approved method, which method shall be devised by the respective local, national Boards of (juvernors.

20 Article VIII. Boards of Governors.

Section 1. The gavernment and control of each local, national branch of The Siilgrave Institution shall be vested in a Board of Governors of twenty- nine (29) selective members, exclusive of members ex officio. All elective officers and chairmen of all standing committees shall be members ex officio of the local Boards of Governors. The selective members shall be divided into six classes, of which the first class shall consist of five members who shall serve for one year, the second class of five shall serve for two years, the third class for three years, the fourth class for four years, the fifth class for five years, and the sixth class, of four members, shall serve for six years. Sec. 3. Chairmen of all local, national Boards of Governors, Chancellors, Vice-Chancellors, Treasurers, Secretaries pro forma. Chairmen of Finance Com- mittees and Chairmen of Auditing Committees shall be members ex officio of the Board of Governors of one hundred. Sec. 4. No change shall be made in the personnel of the existing American Board of Governors from present date, January 5, 1918, until the (International) Board of one hundred (100) and the local Institutions in Canada, Great Britain, Australia and Newfoundland shall have been organized.

Article IX. Chairman International Board

The (International) Board of Governors shall annually select a Chairman pro tern., who shall be a member of the Institution, but who need not be a member of the Board, who shall serve as Chairman for one year and who may not be a citizen of the country in which the meeting is held at which he is chosen.

Article X.

International Equality in Committees.

All International Boards and Committees, standing or temporary, shall be composed in equal numbers of citizens of the United States of America and of the British Empire.

Aiticle XL Equality in Voting

All voting in the (International) Institution shall be upon the basis of abso- lute equality and the vote in the Board of Governors of the Institution shall be upon the basis of fifty (50) votes for the Americans and fifty (50) votes for the British, without relation to the number of citizen-members of the respective nations that may be present at any meeting. In all other Committees and Boards the voting strength of the respective parties shall be equal. In the case of a tie in the Board of Governors, the Chairman of the Board shall have the deciding vote

Article XII. International Executive Committee

Section 1. An Executive Committee often members shall be created, five of whom shall be chosen by the Board of Governors of the American Institution and five of whom shall be chosen by the Boards of Governors of the respective British Institutions, which Committee shall be the active permanent working organization of The Sulgrave Institution (International). It shall have such powers and authority as may be delegated to it by the Board of Governors of One Hundred. Five members present in person, or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum of the Executive Committee for the transaction of business.

21 Article XIII. Jurisdiction of International Board.

Never in any wise shall the (International) Board of Governors have authority to assume or to exercise control over, or to dictate to, hranch . national Boards of Governors, or to their local constituency, or membership, as regards matters of personnel, local policy and finance, or to interfere in any question of purely local national jurisdiction. It shall be permissible, however, f^r the Board of Governors (International) to suggest and to advise in matters of general policy, or of general concern.

Article XIV. Classification of Membership.

Section 1. There shall be nine classes of members, in all national divisions, to wit: First: Members Emeritus of Sulgrave; Second: Founders of Sulgrave Institution; Third: Fellows of the Institution; Fourth: Hereditary Members of Sulgrave; Fifth: Life Members of the Institution; Sixth: Twenty-Year Members of the Institution; Seventh: Ten-Year Members of the Institution; Eighth: Associate Members of the Institution: Ninth: Annual Members of the Institution.

Sec. 8. Members Emeritus of the International Institution, to the number of not more than five each year for America and five for the British Empire, shall be chosen as follows: (a) The Boards of Governors of the branch Institutions of the United States of America and of the British Commonwealth shall respectively elect two of the Members Emeritus, the respective Councils of Advisers may select another, and members at large of the two great divisions of the Institution may select the other two. Two of the persons thus to be chosen shall be citizens of the United States of America, two of them shall be citizens of the British Empire and the others may be citizens of either of these nations, or of any other country. The method of the selection of Members Emeritus by the Boards of Gover- nors and the Councils of Advisers shall be laid do.vn and determined by the respective Boards acting in conjunction with the respective Councils. (b) The method of choosing the other two Members Emeritus, by a poll of the members of the Institution, shall be as follows: The Secretaries of the respective branch Institutions shall, in accordance with a plan to be devised by the respective Boards of Governors, mail to each member of the Institution and to each Honorary Member a printed list of names of men of superlative standing who shall have been suggesetd by the members, upon written request, and attached shall be a postal card containing space for two names; and the members so addressed shall be requested to select and nominate two of these so named — and the two persons receiving respectively the highest and the next highest number of votes shall be considered to have been selected to become Members Emeritus. (c) Members Emeritus, Founders, Fellows and Hereditary Members shall be formally enrolled with the Institution at the annual meeting on the first Wed- nesday of June, and reason publicly given for their preferment. (d) Founders of the Institution shall be chosen as follows: All those persons who shall have become Charter Members of the Insti- tution, including members of the Board of Governors of Sulgrave Manor, and first year members of the respective Boards of Governors, Councils of Advisers, officials, members of standing committees, and all those persons who have contrib-

22 uted the sum of One Thousand Dollars (31,000.00) or more to the support of the Institution shall be enrolled as Founders. (e) Fellows of the Institution shall be elected from among those persons who shall have done some conspicuous service in the cause for which the Institution stands, or who shall be engaged in public work, in the service of religion, science or politics, or any other field of human endeavor that makes for good-will and better understanding; and all persons who shall have contributed the sum of Seven Hundred and Fifty Dollars (3750.00) each for the maintenance of the Institution shall be eligible to become Fellows of the Institution. (f) Hereditary Members of the Institution shall be chosen from among those who have voluntarily engaged in services or who shall have performed some act of local significance for the Institution, and all those who shall have contributed the sum of Five Hundred Dollars (3500.00) shall be enrolled as Hereditary Mem- bers.

(g) Founders of the Institution, Fellows of the Institution and Hereditary Members shall have the privilege of transmitting their membership to some m.im- ber of his or her own immediate family. (h) Life Members of the Institution shall be enrolled from among those members who shall have contributed the sum of Two Hundred and Fifty Dollars (3250.00) to the maintenance of the Institution. (i) Twenty-Year Members shall consist of those who have contributed the sum of One Hundred Dollars (3100.00) for the maintenance of the Institution.

(j) Ten-Year Members shall consist of those who shall have contributed Fif- ty Dollars (350.00) for the maintenance of the Institution. (k) Associate Members shall be those who shall represent any society* association or organization that shall vote as such to accept membership in The Sulgrave Institution. Such society, association or organization may be represented by one or more members, who shall pay the same membership fee and annual dues as the Annual Members, and who shall have the same right to vote in the Institution as Annual Members.

(1) Annual Members shall be those who shall contribute from year to year Five Dollars (35.00) each for the support and maintenance of the Institution. (m) All members shall pay an admission fee of Five Dollars (35.00) to de- fray cost of certificate of membership, and the publications of the Institution for the year of the date of their admission. (n) Public announcement of the names of newly enrolled Life, Twenty-Year, Ten-Year, Associate and Annual Members shall be made monthly, and the names of the Life, Twenty- and Ten-Year members shall be made at the annual meeting of each local, national Institution. (o) Members of the Institution shall be enrolled only through the local National Institutions and by such method as may be severally devised. The Sulgrave Institution (International) shall be a body without direct membership and shall be in all respects the creature of the collective local bodies, deriving its powers solely from them and under the authority set forth and provided for in Articles IV, V, VI and VII of this Constitution and By-laws.

Article XV. Officers and Their Duties.

Section 1. The Officers of The Sulgrave Institution (International) shall be a Chancellor; two Honorary Chancellors, who, as long as this Institution shall endure, shall be respectively the American Ambassador to Great Britain and the British Ambassador to America; a Vice-Cnaticellor and an Honorary Vice- Chancellor, a Secretary and an Honorary Secretary, a Treasurer and an Honorary Treasurer, two Assistant Secretaries, one a citizen of the United States and the other a citizen of the British Commonwealth; t vo Curators, one an American and one a citizen of Great Britain, of the Institution, who may act for t'le time

23 being as executive secretaries, ex officio, of Boards and Committees; two Assis- tant Treasurers, representing respectively America and Great Britain; a Board of Governors of One Hundred members, and an Honorary Chairman and an Honor- ary Vice-Chairman of such Board; a Council of Advisers of Two Hundred members, with an Honorary Chairman and an Honorary Vice-Chairman. Sec. 2. The term of office of the Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor, Secretary, Treasurer and Honorary Officers shall be one year. Sec. 3. The Chancellor of the (International) Institution shall be chosen by the Board of Governors acting with the advice ot the Council of Advisers and the members of the Institution; and his term of office shall be for one year. The Chan- cellor shall not be a citizen, or subject, as the case may be, of the country in which the meeting at which he is elected is held. The Vice-Chancellor, who shall be chosen in the same manner, at each annual meeting, to serve for one year, must, be a citizen or subject of the country in which the meeting at which he is elected is held. At the same meeting in which the Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor are chosen two Honorary Vice-Chancellors shall be selected. The Honorary Vice- Chancellors may be citizens or subjects of any of the countries of which the members of the Institution are citizens or subjects. The Chancellor of the Insti- tution at the expiration of his one-year term of service may be reelected by the unanimous vote of the Board of Governors and the Council of Advisers; otherwise the Vice-Chancellor of the Institution shall succeed the Chancellor at the expiration of his one-year term, and the Board of Governors shall record their votes in accordance with the instructions of this section, except for good and sufficient cause, which shall be some reason which shall make the selection of the Vice- Chancellor to be Chancellor not for the good of the Institution, or of the countries of which its members are citizens or subjects. Sec. 4. The Chancellor shall not be superseded by the Chancellor-elect until after the expiration and adjournment of the annual meeting of the year for which the Chancellor was elected.

Sec. 5. The Chancellor shall preside at the annual meeting of the Insti- tution, and he shall be Chairman ex officio of all Boards and Committees and shall preside whenever he is present at any meeting of any Board or Committee unless he himself voluntarily shall waive his right under this section.

Sec. 6. At the annual meetings of the Institution the Vice-Chancellor, the Honorary Chancellors, the Honorary Vice-Chancellors, the elective officers, the Board of Governors, the Council of Advisers, Chairmen of standing committees, Members Emeritus, Founders, Fellows and Life Members of the Institution shall sit on the dais with the Chancellor. In the event that the Chancellor is obliged through illness or other disability to be absent at the time of the annual meeting, the Vice-Chancellor shall preside in his place, and in the event of the absence of both the Chancellor and the Vice-Chancellor, the Chairman of the Board of Governors shall preside. Sec. 7. The Secretaries of the Institution shall act at the annual meeting and at all formal occasions. In the event of the Secretary's absence at the time of the annual meeting, or other meeting, the Honorary Secretary, or one of the Curators shall perform the duties of the Secretary. Sec. 8. The Treasurer shall be the custodian of the funds of the Institution. A Deputy Treasurer shall be elected by the Board of Governors. The Treasurer shall be a citizen of the same country in which the Chancellor resides, and the Deputy Treasurer shall be a citizen of the country in which the Vice-Chancellor resides. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to see that a proper record of the receipts and expenditures of the Institution is kept. .All checks drawn from the funds of the Institution shall be signed by the Treasurer, or an Assistant Treasurer, or by some designee to whom the Treasurer, or Assistant Treasurer, shall give Power of Attorney and for whom they shall be responsible. All checks must be countersigned either by the Chancellor, or the Vice-Chancellor, or the Curator, or the Secretary, or the Chairman of the Board of Governors, or the Chairman of the Executive Committee, or by other person, especially designated for the pur- 24 pose. No money shall be paid out except the same shall have been authorized by the Board of Governors, or by a quorum of the Executive Committee, as hereinafter made and provided. All checks shall bear the approval of the Chair- man of the Auditing Committee, or in his absence, by a member thereof. In matters of the appropriation of money twenty members of the Board of Governors personally present, or by legal proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The funds of the Institution shall be divided, and a part of the funds kept in some bank in the United States of America, and the other part in some bank in Great Britain. The Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer shall file with the Board of Governors a semi-annual report of the financial condition of the Institution, and the Treasurer shall make a report for the year at the time of the annual meeting on the first Wednesday in June. Skc. 9. The (International) Institution shall be supported by pro rata contributions made by each of the national sections that are members of the (Inter- national) body, on the basis of respective memberships, which contributions shall be made semi-annually, at the time of the annual meeting in June, and upon a date six months thereafter of each year. Tire (International) Institution may also be supported by an endowment, or endowments, which shall care for the expense of its special activities, such as exchange of scholars, lectureships, and other media of friendly exchange. The various national local bodies shall have exclusive jurisdiction each over its own funds; and the (International) body shall have no authority over the local body either as to official personnel, membership, or the disposition and distribution of funds received from its own citizenship. Sec. 10. The Boa'rd of Governors shall select two assistants to the Secretary, who shall be known as the Curators of the Institution. The Curators shall be charged with the custody of all records, documents, memorabilia, books, and the like, of the Institution, and they, and the Assistant Curators who may be chosen by the respective Boards, shall be charged with the care of the physical properties of the respective Institutions and they shall be responsible, under the direction of the Boards of Governors, for the upkeep and repair of headquarters buildings wherever they may be located. The Curators, and Assistant Curators, shall be members of their respective Boards of Editors, both international and local, in the preparation of annual reports and of bulletins in relation of pending questions of common interest, which shall be published from time to time; they shall make collections of documents containing data of common interest and of importance in the work of the Institution and branch Institutions. They shall act as librarians, shall direct the printing of all publications, and perform all of the services and duties, subject to the direction and authority of the respective Boards of Gover- nors, which might naturally fall within the scope of the work of a curator and librarian. The Curators and Assistant Curators shall be for the time being and until otherwise directed by their respective Boards of Governors, the Executive Secretaries, ex officio, of all Boards, and they shall, for the time being, be the Corresponding and Recording Secretaries of the Institutions and of all Committees and Boards. These officers shall be citizens of the United States of America and of the British Commonwealth in equal numbers. Other assistant Curators may be appointed to represent all the respective countries of the Institution membership. Sec. II. The Curators and the Assistant Curators shall receive such compensation for their services as may be fixed by the respective Board of Governors. Their term of office shall be indeterminate, but shall continue so long as they perform their duties in a manner satisfactory to the Board and to the Institution. Sec. 12. Pending the permanent establishment of The Sulgrave Institution the Curators that are chosen respectively by the American and British branches of the (International) Institution shall act as Secretaries of the Institution, and they shall perform the duties of both offices until such time as Boards of Governors having jurisdiction over them shall determine. In order that the work of organization shall not be delayed. Assistant Secretaries may be appointed with such compensation as may be fixed by the respective Board of Governors.

25 Article XVII. Recognition for Service.

So far as practicable nominations for mambsrship on any board or committee shall be made from among those mambars who have been mojt constant in service in the development and the advancing of tha inta^rests of the Institution.

Article XVIII. Government of National Institution.

Section 1. A Board of Governors shall be the governing body of each local National Institution. It shall have full authority to engage the services of secretaries, stenographers, clerks, laborers; to fix salaries, and to discharge employees. It shall be the custodian of the various f jnds raised by it, moneys given to it by gift or received by it from any source whatsoever; and no money shall be paid out from any fund for any purpose except under its authorization, spread through resolution on the minutes of the proceedings of the Board. It shall be the custodian and holder as trustee of all properties of the local national body, shall be the arbiter in each local Institution in all matters of dispute, in questions of autori- ty involving officers, members, or employees; may amend local Constitution and By-Laws by three-fourths of the members of the Board being present in person, or by legal proxy, and voting at a meeting especially called for the purpose 30 days before the date of meeting; shall fix and determine the proceedings and ceremonies at annual, or other meetings; shall invest the funds of the local Institution to the best possible advantage for the production of adequate income; and after the first year of the existence of the Institution the Board of Governors of the respective international divisions shall nominate and select members of the (Inter- national) Council of Advisers, in reference of which they shall seek the advice of their respective members. The Chancellor of each local Institution may be Chairman ex officio of local Committees, and may act, when called upon, as Chairman whenever present at a meeting of the Board of Governors. Upon all other occasions the Chairmen to be selected by the Board of Chairmen shall act as Chairmen.

Sec. 2. The International Board of Governors shall, after the first year of the existence of the Institution, select an Executive Committee of ten, with such powers as the said Board of Governors may delegate to it except that it shall not have the right to amend the Constitution, and which Committee shall serve as the permanent working body of the Institution. Five members present in person or by proxy shall constitute a quorum for the transaztion of business. Sec. 3. The Chancellor, the Vice-Chancellors, the Secretary, the Treasurer of the International Institution and Chairman of the Advisory Committee shall be members ex officio of the Board of Governors and of the Executive Committee; but the Board of Governors shall consist of one hundred members exclusive of the ex officio members, and the Executive Committee shall consist of ten appointive members, exclusive of the ex officio members consisting of the Chancellor, Vice- Chanceiior, Secretary, Treasurer, Chairman of the Board of Governors and Chair- rran of the Council of Advisers. The Chairman pro tem. of the Board of Gover- nors may be the Chairman of the Executive Committee. Sec. 4. The Board of Governors acting through the Executive Committee shall select certain of the members of the Institution to sign all checks and certain other members of the Institution to have authority to countersign all checks. No money shall be paid out by check that is not authorized by the Board of Gover- nors, or the Board acting through the Executive Committee. All checks shall bear by way of approval the signature of the Chairman of an Auditing Commit- tee of three, or of some member of the Auditing Committee designated by its Chairman to act in his absence. Sec. 5. A Council of Advisers, of two hundred members, shall be created. One hundred of these members shall be appointed by the American Board of

26 Governors and one hundred by the British Boards of Governors. The respective Boards shall nominate and select members of the Council under the following classification: A class of thirty-three members to serve for one year; a class of thirty-three members to serve two years and a class of thirty-four members to serve for three years; and classes to thirty-three, thirty-three, and thirty-four to serve respectively for four, five and six years.

Sec. 6. All vacancies in the Council after the first year period shall be filled by the respective Boards of Governors, by and with the advice of the continuing five classes.

Sec. 7. The Officers of the Council of Advisers shall be a Chairman, an Honorary Chairman, a Vice-Chairman, an Honorary Vice-Chairman, a Secretary and an Honorary Secretary. The Secretary shall be pro forma Secretary of the Council, the Executive Secretaries of which shall be the Curators as provided for in a previous section. It shall be the duty of the Council of Advisers to meet annually in formal session upon the first Wednesday of June at the place of the annual (International) meeting and at other times, subject to the call of the Chairman, or of the Board of Governors, or of the Executive Committee, to discuss pending questions of common interest to the countries of which the members are citizens, and to the members, as members, to suggest the treatment of subjects for publication in the official bulletin, and to advise as to the course of routine of the In- stitution in all branches of its work.

Article XIX. International Annual Meeting Section 1. The annual meeting of the (International) Intitution shall be held alternately m America and in the British Empire. The annual meetings of the Board of Governors and of the Council of Advisers shall be held at the same tirhe and in the same place as with the Institution; special meetings of the Insti- tution, or of the Council of Advisers, or of the Board of Governors, may be held in any country, at any time whenever and wherever the Board of Governors shall elect. The first formal meeting of the Institution shall be held if possible at Sul- grave Manor, in Northamptonshire, on the first Wednesday of June, 1918, and upon the following day or days in the City of London, provided this be practicable; or it may be held in the United States of America upon the same day and days. The Board of Governors shall meet on the first Tuesday of June, at the place of meeting of the Institution, and the Council of Advisers shall also meet at the same time; and they shall meet subsequently in joint session at some hour on that day, for discussion of matters of common interest. Sec. 2. The program of the meeting of the Institution and the routine and ceremonv to be followed shall be determined upon, prescribed and fixed by the Board of Governors, acting in advice with the Council of Advisers.

Article XX. Permanent Roster of Membership

Section 1. The name and residence of persons becoming members of the Institution shall be posted in books especially prepared to withstand the ravages of time, and these books shall become a permanent record of the Institution. So far as possible the signatures so entered shall be originals. This matter shall be left to the Curator to work out in a satisfactory manner.

Sec. 2. A Visitors' Book shall be kept at the headquarters of the several Institutions, as well as the Sulgrave Manor House, in which names of all visitors must be inscribed.

Artic'e XXI. Finance Committee A Finance Committee shall be established by the International and each branch (National) Institution, with a Chairman and a Secretary, and of which the

27 Treasurer shall be Vice-Chairman ex officio. All projects to raise money to meet the expense of the operations of the local Sulgrave Institution and estimates of the voluntary charges against the local Institution in support of the International Institution shall be submitted to the respective Finance Committees for their approval; and it shall be the duty of each Finance Committee to undertake the raising of funds, although this provision shall not be interpreted as inhibiting individual effort in respect of the raising of money. It shall be the further duty of the Finance Committees to advise in the investment of the funds of the local Insti- tutions, the income from which is used for such purposes as may be determined upon by the Board of Governors of the (International) Institution. The Chair- man of the Auditing Committee shall be ex officio a member of the Committee.

Article XXII. Audit and Budget Committee Committees on Audit and Budget shall be established, to consist of three or more members, and of which the Chairman of the Finance Committee shall be a member ex officio. It shall be the duty of these Committees to audit all bills and accounts and to prepare annually or semi-annually a financial statement for the respective International and branch Institutions. A Chairman for the Audit Committee shall be chosen by the Board of Governors and he shall be authorized to appoint other members of the Committee to such number as he may deem advisable. It shall be the further duty of each Audit Committee to prepare an annual budget, covering the current expense of operations, and so far as practicable, anticipated and extraordinary expenditures. This budget shall be submitted to the Board of Governors for its approval or amendment, and the sanction of the Board of Governors shall be necessary before the expenditures can be made in accordance with the terms of the budget. All checks shall bear by way of approval the signature of the Chairman of the Auditing Committee or of some member of the Auditing Committee designated by the Chairman to act in his absence.

Article XXIV. Absenteeism.

Any Governor, who, except for sickness or other good cause, shall absent himself from five consecutive regular meetings, unless he shall have obtained per- mission so to do from the Board of Governors, or unless he shall present at the next regular meeting of the Board an excuse for his absence satisfactory to the Board, shall cease to be a Governor and his place may be filled b}^ the Board of Governors.

Article XXV.

Equality in Management.

Section 1. So far as practicable, the Advisory Council, the Board of Gov- ernors and all other committees, standing or temporary, shall be divided equally between citizens of the United States of America and citizens of the British Em- pire. Each section, of each country, the citizens of wiiich are eligible to membership in the Institution, shall have exclusive jurisdiction over all matters affecting the membership and work of its own particular body, of the funds which shall be raised within its own jurisdiction, and of the personnel of its citizen membership in the Institution. Each section may meet from time to time as it may be deemed necessary and advisable. Each section shall be organized, so far as practicable, upon the same general plan as the International Institution. Sec. 2. Each of the national bodies parties to the agreement under which The Sulgrave Institution is organized shall elect annually one of their number to be their presiding officer for the year, who shall have as his title the designation "Chancellor," preceded by the name of the country in which the branch Insti-

28 tution is located, as, for example, "American Chancellor," "British Chancellor." Two Vice-Chancellors shall also be chosen. Sec. 3. It shall be the duty of the local Chancellor to preside at the annual meeting of the local Institution, which shall be held on the third Wednesday of January. Sec. 4. The sections of the Institution in the various countries that are parties to this agreement shall have as their Constitution and By-Laws, so far as they may apply and be effective, the Constitution and By-Laws of The Inter- national Sulgrave Institution, and they shall operate under its rules of government.

Article XXVII. Building, Book, and Prize Funds.

Ten per cent, or more of the revenues of the local Institutions, derived from annual dues, from general contributions, from the sale of publications, or from any othe source shall be set aside as a special fund, at some future time to be used to erect buildings as place of assemblage of the Institution in the various countries composing the English-speaking world; and another indeterminate per centum of the income of the Institution may be set aside for and devoted to the purchase of books, pamphlets, memorabilia, etc., etc., relating to the common concerns of the English-speaking world. Another fund shall be created out of which annually there shall be given a fixed amount as a grand prize in recognition of some especial service or deed relating to better understanding among English-speaking nations, or between English-speaking nations and other nations.

Article XXVIII. Memorials at Sulgrave Manor.

The International Institution shall cause to be erected in Sulgrave Manor and in the places of the annual meeting of The Sulgrave Institution a bronze tablet containing the names of the Founders of the Institution and the donors to the purchase, rehabilitation and maintenance of Sulgrave Manor; and the In- stitution through the Board of Governors and the Council of Advisors from time to time may cause to be placed in the Sulgrave Manor, or in the Institution headquarters, or in the place of assemblage of The Sulgrave Institution, portraits or the sculptured effigies of historic personages, or of persons of great distinction who shall have performed some exceptional service for the Institution, or for the cause of peace and good-will among English-speaking peoples, or for the cause of just peace throughout the world, or who shall have been admitted to membership in the Institution because of superlative merit.

Article XXIX. Annual Meeting.

The annual meeting of The Sulgrave Institution shall take place beginning with the first Wednesday of June; and as to the place in accordance with the provisions of Article XIX.

Article XXXIV. Sulgrave Centers of Activity.

So far as is practicable The Sulgrave Institution shall make Sulgrave Manor in Northamptonshire, England, its center for the annual meetings of the Insti- tution in England; and whenever in America, or elsewhere, members of the In- stitution, or public spirited citizens shall furnish a suitable historic home as a meeting place for the Institution, the meetings of the Institution held in America shall be centered in such a place; and this shall apply also to other countries where it may be desirable to hold sessions of the Institution from time to time.

29 Article XXXVI. Mission of Sulgrave Institution. \

Section 1. Whenever a Board of Governors and Councils of Advisers and Officers, or any general group of the Membership of the Institution shall express the belief that misunderstanding is likely to arise among the English-speaking nations, or between these nations and some other nation, or nations, then the Chancellors shall call together in special session the respective Boards of Gover- nors, Councils of Advisers and Officers of all Institutions, the meeting of the International body to be held in the country raising the issue with another country, that is if the pending question lies between nations of the English-speaking Peoples, the issue being a matter of common and acute interest; and the Insti- tution, thus represented, shall discuss the question, or matter, at issue and shall try to arrive at some conclusion which shall mark an entire agreement among the peoples represented at the meeting as regards interpretation of the question and the means to be used in seeking such a solution by the governments concerned as will not result in ill-will and misunderstanding. When the Institution thus represented shall have reached a conclusion in reference of the matter at issue between the nations, then a public announcement of the fact shall be made in the newspapers, in magazines and in a special bulletin to be issued by the press of the In- stitution, setting forth the matter at issue, the interpretation which the Institution puts upon the issue and what the Institution believes to be a method of honorable adjustment. This publication shall be signed by the Chancellor and other officers of the Institution and by members of the Board of Governors and the Council of Advisers; and thus signed, shall be sent to every member of the Institution with the request that he add his signature to the publication, and, if possible, cause it to be published in his locality; Sec. 2. And the members of the local Institution in any given country may meet, discuss and publish its opinion on any issue and in the interests of good-will and understanding.

Sec. 3. In the event that the members of the international, or local, In- stitution so called together cannot. at once reach an agreement as to an interpretation of the issue and the remedy to be applied, then the Chancellors and the offictrs of the respective Boards so called together, shall make a collective state- tnent as to the issue in words in which all agree and a statement of the remedy to be applied and the manner of its application in so far as there is and can be general agreement. The statement of matter, or matters of difference, may occupy a separate and distinct place in publication, the section so included in publication to be plainly indicated as being those parts of the issue in which there is not agreement, whereupon the local, national Institutions shall refer the whole matter to the International Institution, whose decision in the premises shall be final, and binding on all local Institutions; and v»'hen a division is observed to be inevitable in the International Institution as the result of any discussion and it is evident that there will be inability to agree as to interpretation, or terms of settlement, then the Chancellor shall put the question For and Against; and each of the two sides to the controversy shall choose one of their number and the persons so chosen shall agree upon a third person, which three shall act as a Committee of Arbi- tration; and the report of the Committee of Arbitration, based upon a majority vote, shall he final, and the report shall issue as the report and finding of the In- stitution and be so published. Note. It may be well in this connection to call attention to the fact that the advent of many of the questions of recent dispute between the United States of America and other nations were anticipated long in advance of their becoming matters of bitter controversy, which questions could have been, as they should have been, discussed in advance by bodies of men co.Tipet eat to duscuss t'.iem; could have been, as they should have been, interpreted in order that the respective publics involved might be enabled to understand them intelligently; and hence it would have been much ets.ev for the statesmen of t a'o countries joining issue to settle such dis- 30 putes without ill-will, or public disturbance. It is in this respect among othei respects, that the Sulgrave Institution may and will be of benefit to the world.

Note:—The names of all benefactors of the Institution will be perpetuatsd in a bronze memorial to be established at the Washington Manor in England and their names, as well as those of the Sulgrave membership, will be engrossed and kept among the permanent records in the archives of the Institution.

SULGRAVE INSTITUTION'S PLAN AND PURPOSES:

It is the purpose of The Sulgrave Institution, under plans which were carefully prepared, to confine its immediate work,

First: To the publication of the Sulgrave Review, a quarterly dealing with subjects of current interest and of educational value, dealing with international relations;

Second: To the printing from time to time, of monographs in reference of matters of immediate and general interest;

Third: To the establishment, through public contribution, or private be- quest, of

(a) A Chair to be known as The Sulgrave Institution Lectureship, to be filled annually, the occupant to be in alternate years a citizen of America, or of the British Commonwealth;

(b) To establish Chairs of American and British history and of governments in universities of America and of the British Dominions.

(c) A general lectureship bureau to include an exchange of educators; and in this particular field it is purposed to use quite largely the moving picture and the stereopticon view;

(d) An exchange of scholars of secondary schools, sending American boys and girls, as a reward of merit, to English and Canadain schools, et al., and inviting under this foundation, the sending of British, Irish, Canadian, Australian, New Foundland and British South Africa pupils to American schools;

(e) An interchange of working newspaper men, chosen by a Committee of

American Editors, under which plan it will be possible to invite a number of newspaper men of the British Commonweath, or elsewhere, to take up a five year residence in the United States for purposes of studying the institutions of the country and the manners, customs, and point of view of the American people; and to send to the nations of the British Commonwealth and elsewhere American working newspaper men, likewise to acquaint themselves with the genius of other peoples, in order that they, at the expiration of their period of study, may possess that knowledge which is essential in interpreting national life and those things for which Peoples stand.

(f) A maintenance fund for Sulgrave Manor and its corresponding center in America, yet to be selected.

31 Good-Will Gifts

(g) Bust of George Washington for St. Paul's Cathedral.

(h) I Washington statue for Liverpool.

(i) Lincoln or V/ashington bust for Bristol.

(j) Lincoln or Washington bust for Southampton, Plymouth, ShefBeldJ Edinburgh, Dublin.

(k) Friendship memorials for Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Bust of George Washington for Sulgrave Manor.

(I) The celebration, from time to time, of historic events—^such as, in 1920, the Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers and the Meeting in Jamestown of the First American Legislative Assembly.

32 TO CELEBRATE FREE INSTITUTIONS.

Sulgrave in America and England giving direction to celebrations of Landing of Pilgrim Fathers and meeting First American Legislative Assembly.

In June, 1915, at a meeting of the International Orgariiza- tion it was decided to make no further attempt to celebrate the Century of Peace, but rather to focus effort in the direction of celebrating adequately and on an international scale the three

hundredth anniversary of the Mayflower Compact of the first American Legislative Assembly, in Jamestown, Virginia, July 30, 1619, and also the settlement of Roanoke Island, N. C, and the other beginnings and developings of free institutions throughout the English-speaking world.

The underlying intention as regards the celebration was and is to impel a great educational movement, which shall bring to the apprehension of all peoples, particularly English-speaking, the underlying common-sense fairness and beneficence of what we call our free institutions. It is purposed through school, college, pulpit, legislature, lecture platform and the church, but particularly through the school and the church, to hold up to the understanding of native and alien alike English-speaking free institutions in contrast with those and the practices of the Bolshevist, the anarchist and the radical Socialist.

The present outlook gives promise of such a movement for education in support of free liberty-endowed and common-sense institutions as the world has never seen.

In May, 1919, the Sulgrave Institution organized to celebrate the Tercentenary as a "Committee of the Whole," and with the following changes from its Sulgrave official personnel.

Thomas R. Marshall, Vice President of the United States, Honorary Chairman. His Excellency, the British Ambassador, Honorary Vice Chairman. His Excellency, the Minister for the Netherlands, Honorary Vice Chairman. William Salomon of New York, (deceased). Treasurer. Martm Vogel, of New York, Chairman Finance Committee. Dr. John H. Finley, Albany, New York, Chairman Committee on Education. Dr. James Sullivan, Albany, New York, Secretary.

33 Associated with the American Committee in the plans for the celebration is the Anglo-American Society, organized by the English Sulgrave, representing Great Britain, with the following personnel:

Field Marshal H. R. H. The Duke of Connaught, K. G., President. The Right Hon. Viscount Bryce, 0. M., Deputy-President. The Lord Weardale, Executive Chairman. Aid. Sir^Charles C. Wakefield, Bart., Ho7i. Treasurer. Sir Robert A. Hadfield, Bart., F. R. S., Hon. Treasurer. H. S. Ferris, M. A., General Secretary. VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE SOCIETY The American Ambassador. The British Ambassador in Washington. The Archbishop of Canterbury. The Lord Chancellor. The Archbishop of York. Rt. Hon. D. Lloyd George, M. P. The Speaker.

Rt. Hon. A. J. Balfour, M. P. Rt. Hon. H. H. Asquith. Rt. Hon. Viscount Grey, K. G. Rt. Hon. Sir William Mather. Cardinal Bourne. The President, Free Church Council. The Moderator, Church of Scotland. The Moderator, U. F. Church of Scotland. The Chief Rabbi. The Lord Mayor of London. The Chairman, London Country Council. The Canadian High Commissioner. The High Commissioner for Australia. The High Commissioner for South Africa. The High Commissioner for New Zealand. The Vice-Chancellor, Oxford University. The Vice-Chancellor, Cambridge University. The Vice-Chancellor, London University. The President, British Association. The President, Royal Academy.

Executive Committee. Lord Weardale, Chairman.

Finance and Membership Committee. Aid. Sir Charles C. Wakefield, Bart., Chairman.

Education and Universities Committee. Lord Glenconner, Chairman.

34 Memorials and Hospitality Committee. Lord Lee of Fareham, G. B. E., K. C. B., Chairman.

Publicity and Propaganda Committee. Sir Arthur Herbert, G. C. V. O., Chairman.

GENERAL COMMITTEE OF THE SOCIETY.

Major Hon. Waldorf Astor, M. P. T. R. Glover, Esq. Percy Alden, Esq. Principal Garvie, D. D. The Revd. M. E. Aubrey, M. A. A. G. Gardiner, Esq. Rt. Hon. Viscount Bryce, O. M., The Lord Guthrie. G. C. V. O. Rt. Hon. Lord Glenconner.

Rt. Hon. Lord Burnham. Captain Hon. Fredk. E. Guest. D. S. Lord Henry Cavendish Bentinck, M.P. O., M. P. Colonel C. E. Bryan. Sir Robert Hadfield, Bart, F. R. S. Rt. Hon. Sir John Brunner, Bart. Rt. Hon. Viscount Harcourt. The Revd. W. Copeland Bowie. Rt. Hon. Arthur Henderson. Sir A. Shirley Benn, K. B. E., M. P. Sir Arthur Herbert, G. C. V. O.

Sir Harry Brittain, K. B. E., M. P. Dr. J. Rendel Harris. Reginald Blomfield, Esq., R. A. Silas K. Hocking, Esq.

Edward Price Bell, Esq. Professor F. J. C. Hearnshaw. The Revd. S. M. Berry, M. A. Revd. Dr. Jowett.

J. F. L. Brunner, Esq. Revd. Monsingor Jackman. The Lord Mayor of Bristol. Sir Oliver Lodge. Sir Frank Crisp, Bart. Colonel Lord Lee of Fareham, G. B. K., Venble. Archdeacon Carnegie. K. C. B. Revd. John Clifford, D. D. Sie Sidney Lee. Rt. Hon. Lord Charnwood. Professor E. S. Lyttel. Rt. Hon. Lord Hugh Cecil, M. P. Revd. Dr. F. B. Meyer.

Sir W. J. Collins, K. C. V. O. J. A. R. Marriott, Esq., M. P. John Chapman, Esq. Professor Gilbert Murray. Sir Jeremiah Coleman, Bart. Edward Marshall, Esq.

Revd. Dr. J. Estlin, Carpenter. Rt. Hon. Sir William Mather. The Master of Christ's College, Cam- Sir Donald MacAllister. bridge (Dr. A. E. Shipley.) Wilson Marriage, Esq. Rt. Hon. Wir W. H. Dickinson. Mrs. Woodhull Martin.

Robert Donald, Esq. Colonel Hon. A. C. Murray, D. S. O., Revd. T. H. Darlow, M. A. M. P. Major David Davies, M. P. Rt. Hon. The Earl of Plymouth. Very Revd. W. Moore Ede, D. D. Rt. Hon. Sir Gilbert Parker, Bart. Master of Emmanuel College, Cam- Dr. A. Ramsa3^

bridge (Dr. P. Giles). Dr. J. Holland Rose. Sir Algernon Firth, Bart. Colonel Sir Campbell Stuart. Rt. Hon. T. R. Ferens. H. Gordon Selfridge, Esq. Revd. W. T. Fullerton. Captain Shakespeare. Charles Fenton, Esq. John S. Sargent, Esq., R. A.

Professor I. GoUancz, Litt. D. Principal Selbie, D. D.

35 Rt. Hon. Sir Albeit Splcer, Bart. Revd. F. L. Wiseman, B. A.

Colonel H. K. Stephenson, D. S. 0., Colonel Sir Clharles Wakefield, Bart. M. P. H. G. Wells, Esq. Rt. Hon. H. Thomas, M. P. J. ,, . t^ T} Evelyn r^ I o Mi7 T-L ^ Major^ ^ Wrench. brig, (jeneral H. W. 1 hornton. Rt. Hon. Lord Weardale. Miss WoodhuU. H. G. Wood, Esq., M. A. Revd. Thomas Yates. PROGRAM OF CELEBRATION

At a meeting in London in April and May, 1919, the following outline Preliminary Programme for 1920 Celebration was approved by British and American official committees in joint session: In Advance. —July 30-31, 1919. Preliminary Commemoration of Meeting of First Legislative Assembly, at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619.

Prep.\ratory Work. — Preparation of moving pictures; preliminary confer- ences to prepare propaganda; special lectures for Winter 1919. Conference Com- mitte on program to be appointed in England and America; series of Tercentenary posters to be designed by leading artists for use during Celebration; publicity managers to be appointed; steamship and railway companies to be asked to ad- vertise Celebration in their Handbooks and Folders; governments to be asked to issue special memorial stamps. January TO December, 1920.— Educational Instruction in Schools, Churches, and Colleges bearing on the Celebration. Pamphlets and Memoranda to be prepared and circulated through Education Authorities and Churches. Lantern lectures to be prepared from photographs, etc., and included in W'inter and Spring Lecture-Courses 1919-1920-1921.

May-June, 1920. — Meetings at Scrooby, Austerfield, Boston, Cambridge, etc., to celebrate origins of Pilgrim Movement. To be attended b}^ American Delegation A. July-August 2nd, 1920. — Meetings at Amsterdam, Leyden, Delftshaven, and the Hague, to be arranged by Dutch Committee in association with British and American Comm.ittees to commemorate sojourn of Pilgrims in Holland and their departure. August 4th-16th, 1920. —^Celebration at Southampton, Plymouth, etc., and meetings throughout English-speaking World referring to the Sailing of the "Mayflower". An American Delegation B. to be asked to attend and participate. To culminate in the sailing of a "New Mayflower" ship from South- ampton and Plymouth carrying returning American Delegates and also a Brit- ish and Dutch Delegation to America via Boston, Mass.

Septe.mber 2-3, 1920.— Celebration in America, at Provincetown, scene of the Mayflower Compact, followed by Reception and celebration in New York and Tour of America.

October 5-12. — Celebration and ceremonies in Virginia. Program to be announced later.

36 —

November 9-11, 1920. — Celebration throughout English-speaking World in honour of the "Mayflower" Compact—one of the foundation-stones of free American Institutions.

November 24th, 1920. —Universal Celebration of "Thanksgiving Day."

December 18-20, 1920. —Universal Celebration, including Memorial Church Services, of arrival of Pilgrim Fathers at New Plymouth.

Popular Celebration.— (a) Pageants, (b) Inauguration of Monuments. University Functions. Establishment of Lectureships, Scholarships, etc.. Me- morial Dramatic and Operatic Performances. Memorial Publications, (c) In- ternational Sports, Yacht races, Airplane, Motor Boats, Distance Motor races, Polo, Tennis, Golf, etc. (d) Musical Jubike, Concerts, Band Contests, etc. (e) Mayors of Towns and Cities of England and America to be invited to establish relations with places of similar name.

Preliminary Programme, Free Church Committee. — Scrooby, Bawtry, Austerfield, Gainsboro, Boston, Amsterdam, Leyden, London, Southampton Plymouth.

PLYMOUTH, September 4th, 1920. 4. P. M., Reception by Lord Mayor. 4:45 P. M., Procession to the Hoe, Patriotic Songs led by Bands and Choir. 7:00 P. M., Public Meeting. Cinema.

Saturday, September Sth. 8:00 A. M., Gathering at Town Hall steps for Covenant. 9:30 A. M. Quay-side Prayer Meeting. 3:00 P. M. Open-air Meetings in Public Parks. 7:00 P. M- Young People's Services and Meetings.

Monday, September 7th. 9:30— 12:30 Conference. Papers and Addresses. 2:30— 5:00. Pageant.

LONDON, September 16th. Pilgrim Fathers Church. Procession. Great Meeting in Albert Hall.

Free Church Plans. — Dr. F. M. Meyer reported upon the Plans of the Free Churches for the Pilgrim Fathers Celebration next year. These are appended to these Minutes, and were approved, subject to co-ordination with the general Programme of the Society.

The following Suggestions were also approved:

(1) That President Wilson be asked to mention the Mayflower Celebra- tions in his Annual Proclamations on Thanksgiving Day.

(2) That at 8 A. M. on the morning of the Tercentenary of the Sailing of the "Mayflower" Anglo-Saxons throughout the world be invited to assemble,

37 with some ceremony, and with some common invocation for a blessing upon the League of Nations, and their resolve to rededicate themselves to the work of establishing peace and good-will among men.

(3) That some substantive and constructive idea be suggested at all May- flower meetings, such as the union of Christian Churches and Missionary Societies in Britain and America for building up a Christian civilization in all countries under the League of Nations. Special Stamp Issue. —It was resolved that a Deputation representing the Society and the Free Churches' "Mayflower" Committee wait on the Postmaster General and urge him to prepare a Special Issue of Postage Stamps Commemor- ating the sailing of the "Mayflower" and the foundation of British Institutions in Virginia and New England in time for next year's Celebration. Sir Frank Benson.—The Secretary was authorized to report to Sir Frank Benson the proposal of the Society for next year's Celebration, and to invite Sir Frank to submit a Memorandum and Proposals for suitable Pageantry, along with suggestions as to how this might be financed.

HOLLAND TO TAKE PART. Recently His Excellency the Minister for the Netherlands handed to the Sulgrave Institution, in behalf of the Committee for the Netherlands, located at Plantsoen 17, Leiden, Holland, the following memorandum in respect of the Netherlands program of celebration, which communication conveys an invitation to the Sulgrave Institution to send a representative Committee of Ameri- cans to participate in the Netherlands event. It may be said in this connection that representative committees will also be sent to Great Britain next year and that similar committees from Great Britain and Holland will become the guests of the Sulgrave In- stitution Committee for the Tercentenary. NEDERLANDSCHE PILGRIM FATHERS COMMISSIE Uitvoererend Comite: Voorzitter: prof. dr. F. Pijper Secretaris: dr. D. Plooij Plantsoen 12, Leiden.

DUTCH PILGRIM FATHERS CELEBRATION 1920. Sunday, August 29th. Preliminary Program. LEYDEN.

Monday, August 30th: 11 A. M., Reception at the Leyden University, Addresses of welcome by the President of the Pilgrim Fathers Commission, and of the Rector of the University. Reply by Dr. Rendel Harris (Manchester). Viscount Bryce and an American delegate.

38 12:30 P. M., Lunch.

4:00 P. M., First session of the Congress in the Public Town Hall. Speakers: English scholar on: England and the Pilgrims, Prof. EekhofF: Holland and the Pilgrims, American scholar on: America and the Pilgrims. (The session bears a historical-scientific character.) No discussion.

7:30 P. M., Reception by the Burgomaster in the "Stadhuis".

Tuesday, August 31st. (Birthday of Her Majesty the Queen.)

10: A. M., Public meeting.

2:30 P. M., Second session of the Congress in the Public Town Hall. Names of speakers to be published afterwards. Discussion.

7:30 P. M., Religious memorial service in the Pieterskerk in which John Robinson was buried. Languages: Dutch and English.

AMSTERDAM.

Wednesday, September 1st.

10:00 A. M., Meeting in the "Rijksmuseum". Paper read by on: Art of painting in the time of the Pilgrims in Holl. Visit to the Bagijnekerk. Unveiling painted window.

7:30 P. M., Reception by the local Committee of Amsterdam (Programme to be worked out afterwards.)

ROTTERDAM.

Thursday, September 2nd.

In the morning from Leyden to Delftshaven, if possible by boat along the way the Pilgrims went.

11:00 A. M., Visit to the havens of Rotterdam. Lunch on board.

4:30 P. M., Memorial service in the Church in Delftshaven.

7:00 P. M., Dinner on board, departure for Southampton.

On Sunday, August 29th, Rev. Wm. Thomson of the English Reformed Church at Amsterdam hopes to organize a devotional service in the Bagijnekerk at Amsterdam, to which are invited the members of the Congress who might already have arrived in Holland.

39 1920. SULGRAVE'S CELEBRATION COMMITTEE

Personnel of Principal Organizations Represented by Special

Committees to Act With Sulgrave. Honorary Members G. Glen Toole, Mayor of Macon, Ga. T. T. Hyde, Mayor of Charleston, S. C. Wallace M. Short, Mayor of Sioux City, Iowa

George W. Burnisde, Mayor of Sioux Falls, S. D. T. A. Potter, Mayor of Macon City, Iowa. R. Livingston Beeckman, Governor of Rhode Island John M. Grimm, Cedar Rapids, Iowa

National Council of Congregational Churches President W. Douglas Mackenzie, Hartford, Conn., Chairman Rev. Hubert C. Herring, D. D., New York, Secretary Pres. Henry Churchill King, S. D., Oberlin, Ohio Rev. Charles F. Carter, D. D., Hartford, Conn. W. W. Mills, Marietta, Ohio

Herbert J. Brown, Portland, Me. Van A. Wallin, Chicago, 111. Rev. E. H. Byington, D. D., Boston, Mass. Lucius R. Eastman, New York, N. Y. Rev. Robert R. Wicks, Holyoke, Mass.

T. C. MacMillan, Chicago, 111. Rev. S. Parks Cadman, Brooklyn, N. Y.

O. J. Hill, Kansas City, Mo. Albert M. Lyon, Boston, Mass.

Colonial Dames of America

Mrs. T. M. Cheesman, President, New York, N. Y. Mrs. W. Herbert Washington, New York, N. Y. Mrs. Frederick K. Eldridge, Aidsley-on-Hudson, N. Y.

American Federation of Labor

Samuel Gompers, President, American Federation of Labor. G. W. Perkins, President, Cigarmakers International Union of America,

Monon Building, Chicago, 111. Matthew Woll, Vice-President, American Federation of Labor, 6111 Bishop

St., Chicago, 111.

National Society Daughters of the American Revolution Mrs. George Thacher Guernsey, President General, Independence, Kansas. Mrs. Henry Snowden Bowron, New York, N. Y. Miss Emma Crowell, Philadelphia, Pa.

41 Colonial Dames of the State of New York Mrs. Hamilton R. Fairfax, President, New York, N. Y. Mrs. Anson P. Atterbury, New York, N. Y. Mrs. Elihu Chauncey, New York, N. Y.

St. David's Society Charles E. Hughes, President, New York, N. Y. John Castree Williams, Vice President, New York, N. Y. John T. W. Rowe, Vice President, New York, N. Y.

St. George's Society

E. F. Darrow, New York

St. Andrew's Society

Alexander C. Humphreys, Preside^it, Hoboken, N.,J. Alexander B. Halliday, Secretary, New York, N. Y. William Sloane, New York, N. Y.

National Rifle Association of America

William Libbey, President, Princeton, N. J. Richard D. LaGarde, Washington, D. C.

Fred H. Phillips, Jr., Washington, D. C.

The Brotherhood of St. Andrew in the United States Edward H. Bonsall, President, Philadelphia, Pa. G. Frank Shelby, General Secretary, Philadelphia, Pa.

Old Guard, Veteran Battalion of New York Henry L. Stockbridge, Chairman, New York, N. Y.

National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution Louis Annin Ames, President General, New York, N. Y. John Milton Reifsnider, Baltimore, Md.

Elmer M. Wentworth, Camden, N. J. Lewis B. Curtis, Bridgeport, Conn. George E. Pomeroy, Toledo, Ohio Chancellor L. Jenks, Chicago, 111. John Leonard Merrill, New York, N. Y. William A. Marble, New York, N. Y. C. A. Pugsley, Peekskill, N. Y.

The Knights of King Arthur

Bliss Forbush, Rtgent, Lebanon, N. H.

City History Club of New York Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, President, New York, N. Y.

42 Fifth Avenue Association, New York, N. Y.

Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America

American Unitarian Association, Boston, Mass.

New York State Historical Association James Sullivan, Ph. D., Albany, N. Y. Frank H. Severance, L. H. D., BufFalo, N. Y. Dixon Ryan Fox, Ph. D., New York, N. Y.

National Council of the Junior Order of United American Mechanics

Stephen Collins, Pittsburgh, Pa. Charles Reimer, Baltimore, Md.

• James L. Witmesh, Washington, D. C. M. M. Woods, Philadelphia, Pa.

General Conference of the Methodist Protestant Church Rev. Dr. Lyman E. Davis, President, Pittsburgh, Pa. Rev. Charles H. Beck, Secretary, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Huguenot Society of America. Bishop James H. Darlington, Chairman Wm. Mitchell, President-General

T. J. Oakley Rhinelander, Treasurer-General Margaret A. Jackson, Secretary-General

American Civic Association

Mr. Arnold W. Brunner, 101 Park Ave., New York City. Mr. William N. Garland, Van Nays Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. Mr. Grorge W. Marston, San Diego, Cal. Hdn. Lawrence C. Phipps, U. S. Senate, Washington, D. C. Mr. Richard B. Watrous, care of Nestles Food Co., 134 William St., New York Mr. Frederick A. Delano, 1136 16th St., Washington, D. C.

Hon. Morton D. Hull, 105 La Salle St. South, Chicago, 111.

Mr. Victor F. Lawson, 13 No. Wells St., Chicago, 111. Colonel Andrew Cowan, 912 Fourth St., Louisville, Ky. Mr. Theodore Marburg, 14 West Mt. Vernon Place, Baltimore, Md. Mrs. Robert S. Bradley, 411 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Mass. Mr. George B. Dealey, The Dallas News, Dallas, Texas

Miss E. F. Mason, 1 Walnut St., Boston, Mass. Mr. Clinton Rogers Woodruff, No. American Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. Charles W. Ames, Pres. West Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn. Mr. George E. Kessler, Security Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. Mrs. Stewart Hartshorn, Shorthills, New Jersey. Mr. Charles W. Leavitt, 220 Broadway, New York City. Mrs. E. T. Stotesbury, 1925 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

43 STATE ORGANIZATIONS

New Jersey Governor Edge of New Jersey.

Dr. John Grier Hibben, Princeton, N. J. Dr. John Dyneley Prince, Columbia University, New York Dr. W. H. S. Demarest, Rutger's College, New Brunswick.

Mr. Amos E. Kraybill, Asbury Park, N. J.

Mr .C. B. Boyer, Atlantic City, N. J.

Mr. P. H. Smith, Bayonne, N. J.

Mr. George Norris, Bloomfield, N. J.

Mr. James K. Bryan, Camden, N. J.

Mr. E. C. Broome, East Orange, N. J.

Mr. Frederick E. Emmons, Elizabeth, N. J.

Mr. A. J. Demarest, Hoboken, N. J.

Dr. Henry Snyder, Jersey City, N. J.

Mr. David B. Corson, Newark, N. J.

Mr. J. R. Wilson, Paterson, N. J.

Mr. H.J. Neal, Phillipsburg, N. J.

Mr. Henry M. Maxson, Plainfield, N. J.

Mr. Walter B. Davis, Salem, N. J.

Dr. Ebenezer Mackay, Trenton, N. J.

Dr. William A. Wetzel, Trenton, N. J.

Mr. Henry M. Cressman, Egg Harbor City, N. J.

Mr. B. C. Wooster, Hackensack, N. J.

Mr. Louis J. Kayser, Mount Holly, N. J.

Mr. Charles S. Albertson, Camden, N. J.

Mr. Aaron W. Hand, Cape May Court House, N. J.

Mr. J. J.Unger, Bridgeton, N. J.

Mr. Olivef J. Morelock, Newark, (Essex Bldg.,) N.J. Mr. Daniel T. Steelman, Woodbury, N. J.

Mr. Austin H. Updyke, Jersey City, N. J.

Mr. Jason S. Hoffman, Flemington, N. J.

Mr. Joseph M. Arnold, Trenton, N. J. Mr. H. Brewster Willis, New Brunswick, N. J.

Mr. Charles J. Strahan, Freehold, N. J.

Mr. J. Howard Hulsart, Morristown, N. J. Mr. Charles A. Morris, Toms River, N. J.

Mr. Edward W. Garrison, Paterson, N. J.

Mr. H. C. Dixon, Salem, N. J. Mr. Henry C. Krebs, Somerville, N. J.

Mr. Ralph Decker, Newton, N. J.

Mr. A. L. Johnson, Elizabeth, N. J.

Mr. Howard E. Shimer, Belvidere, N. J. Mr. Melvin A. Rice, Altlantic Highlands, N. J. Mr. John C. Van Dyke, New Brunswick, N.J.

Mr. D. Stewart Craven, Salem, N. J.

44 Mr. John P. Murray, Jersey City, N. J.

Mr. Edgar H. Sturtevant, Edgewater, N. J.

Mr. Thomas W. Synnott, Wenonah, N. J.

Hon. Ernest R. Ackerman, Plainfield, N. J.

Mr. Robert Lynn Cox, Montclair, N. J.

Hon. Calvin N. Kendall, Commissioner of Education, Trenton, N. J.

Dr. J. J. Savitz, Normal School, Trenton, N. J.

Dr. Charles S. Chapin, Normal School, Montclair, N. J.

Dr. W. Spader Willis, Normal School, Newark, N. J.

Mgr. J. F. Mooney, Seton Hall College, South Orange, N. J. Rev. John Dillon, Supt. of Parochial Schools, Newark, N. J.

Rev. Solomon Foster, Newark, N. J.

Rev. J. Silberfeld, Newark, N. J.

Rev. Joel Blau, Trenton, N. J.

I. N. Reinhart, 532 East 22nd St., Paterson, N. J.

Mrs. Herbert Turrell, 72 Chestnut Ave., W. Orange, N. J. Mr. Henry V. Condict, 217 Roseland Ave., Essex Falls, N. J.

Mrs. Carl Roebling, 211 W. State St., Trenton, N. J.

Mr. Harold Murray, Princeton, N. J.

Mr. Robert M. Boyd, Jr., Montclair, N. J.

Mr. Arthur Lovell, Plainfield, N. J.

Mr. John S. Parker, South Orange, N. J.

Mrs. W. S. Meek, Elizabeth, N. J.

Mr. Merritt G. Perkins, 140 Third St., Newark, N. J.

Mrs. E. Barclay Price, Elizabeth, N. J.

Dr. Alfred L. Ellis, Metuchen, N. J.'

Mr. John Leonard Merrill, 517 Park Ave., East Orange, N. J.

Hon. Guy L. Fake, Rutherford, N. J.

Henry Whipple, Hackettstown, N. J.

Mr. A. H. Loomis, 18 Princeton PI., Upper Montclair, N. J.

Ohio

Hon. James E. Campbell, Columbus, Ohio Bishop Theodore L Reese, Columbus, Ohio Dr. S. S. Palmer, 49 N. Ohio, Ave., Columbus, Ohio Mr. Foster Copeland, Pres., City National Bank, Columbus, Ohio Judge James G. Johnson, Supreme Court, Columbus, Ohio Colonel E. N. Wilson, Columbus, Ohio Mr. Henry A. Williams, Taylor, Williams, Cole & Harvey, Columbus, Ohio Mrs. Clara Holmes, 226 Findlay St., Cincinnati, Ohio Hon. John E. Bruce, Masonic Temple, Cincinnati, Ohio Hon. Lawernce Maxwell, Union Central Bldg., Cincinnati, Ohio. Mr. Nathaniel D. C. Hodges, Librarian, Cincinnati, Ohio A. G. Bookwalter, General Secretary, Y. M. C. A., Cincinnati, Ohio

Prof. Isaac J. Cox, American History Dept., University of Cincinnati, Ohio.

Mrs. Herman J. Grosbeck, 2173 Grandin Rd., W. H., Cincinnati, Ohio Rev. Dan F. Bradley, 2905 W. Fourteenth' St., Cleveland, Ohio

45 Miss Hester E. Hosford, 1764 Randor Rd., Cleveland, Ohio Hon. Andrew Sqiiier, Leader News Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio Mrs. James R. Garfield, 3328-Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio Hon. R. H. Baker, Cleveland Plain Dealer, Cleveland, Ohio Mr. Samuel Mather, Western Reserve Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio Mr. John W. Perrin, Case Library, Cleveland, Ohio Mrs. Edward L. Harris, 6719 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio Mr. Frank Spaulding, Supt. of Schools, Cleveland, Ohio Mrs. George Mcintosh, 2238 Devonshire Drive, Ambler Hts., Cleveland, Ohio Hon. William H. Young, Attorney', Dayton, Ohio Mr. C. P. Brooke. Eaton, Ohio Hon. A. Z. Blair, Portsmouth, Ohio Prof. Karl F. Geiser, Oberlin, Ohio Dr. E. R. Henning, Bellefontaine, Ohio Dr. William F. Reeves, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio Prof, Henry S. Lehr, Ada, Ohio Mr. John E. Hopley, Bucyrus, Ohio Mr. Barton E. Stevenson, Chillicothe, Ohio

General J. Warren Keifer, Springfield, Ohio Colonel T. F. Spangler, Zanesville, Ohio Hon. H. C. Van Voorhis, Zanesville, Ohio Mr. S. M. Burgess, Cambridge, Ohio Mr. John Amos, Cambridge, Ohio

Hon. D. J. Green, Cumberland, Ohio Prof. E. N. Dye, Caldwell, Ohio Mr. Edmund B. King, Sandusky, Ohio Mrs. Samuel B. Sneath, Tiffin, Ohio Mr. Harlan F. Burket, Findlay, Ohio Dr. William E. Chancellor, Wooster, Ohio Hon. M. R. Denver, Wilmington, Ohio Mr. N. C. Wright, Toledo, Ohio Mr. W. E. Weygandt, Wooster, Ohio Mr. H. E. Conn, Van Wert, Ohio Mr. W. K. Maxwell, Akron Times, Akron, Ohio Mr. H. S. Firestone, Akron, Ohio Col. PL A. Marring, Ironton, Ohio Judge James G. Tarbell, Georgetown, Ohio

Mr. J. Francis LeBaron, Chardon, Ohio. Hon. H. W. Coultrap, McArthur, Ohio Dr. C. H. Ross, Alliance, Ohio

Indiana

Gov. James P. Goodrich, Indianapolis, Indiana Frank B. Wynn, Indianapolis, Indiana Harlow Lindley, Richmond, Indiana James A. Woodburn, Bloomington, Indiana Charles W. Moores, Indianapolis, Indiana Samuel M. Foster, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46 John Cavanaugh, Notre Dame, Indiana Charity Dye, Indanapolis, Indiana Lew M. O'Bannon, Corydon, Indiana Daniel Wait Howe, Indianapolis, Indiana William E. English, Indianapolis, Indiana John H. HoUiday, Indianapolis, Indiana Logan Esarey, Bloomington, Indiana C. B. Coleman, Indianapolis, Indiana W. W. Sweet, Greencastle, Indiana T. F. Moran, Lafayette, Indiana L. H. Gipson, Crawfordsville, Indiana H. N. Sherwood, Franklin, Indiana Wm. O. Lynch, Muncie, Indiana W. H. Hamelle, Monticello, Indiana Lee Burns, Indianapolis, Indiana Carl H. Lieber, Indianapolis, Indiana Edgar M. Baldwin, Fairmont, Indiana Vida Newsom.. Columbus, Indiana C. V. Haworth, Kokomo, Indiana

J. A. Mott, Seymour, Indiana George R. Wilson, Jasper, Indiana Genevieve Williams, Huntingburg, Indiana Mrs. Rufus Dooley, Rockville, Indiana Mrs. Kate M. Rabb, Indianapolis, Indiana Charles E. Rush, Indianapolis, Indiana John W. Oliver, Indianapolis, Indiana Esther U. McNitt, Indianapolis, Indiana Lucy M. Elliott, Indianapolis, Indiana Miss Drucilla Cravens, Madison, Indiana Miss Katherine M. Graydon, Indianapolis, Indiana A. R. Markle, Terre Haute, Indiana Elmore Barce, Fowler, Indiana Wm. H. Mathew, Gary, Indiana John L. Forkner, Anderson, Indiana George R. Wilson, Jasper, Indiana Mrs. Sam Mathews, Tipton, Indiana Wm. B. Lindley, Salem, Indiana F. A. Miller, South Bend, Indiana Howard Roosa, Evansville, Indiana L. N. Hines, Indianapolis, Indiana Ben F. McKey, Lebanon, Indiana

J. W. Whicker, Attica, Indiana

T. J. de La Hunt, Cannelton, Indiana George M. Barnard, New Castle, Indiana New York

Hon. Alfred E. Smith, Honoraiy Chairman | Hon. Nathaniel Foote, Chairman, Rochester. 47 South Carolina Hon. Robt. A. Cooper Tennessee Hon, A. H. Roberts, Honorary Chairman

Pennsylvania Hon. Wm. C. Sproul Rhode Island Hon. R. Livingston Beeckman, Honorary Chairman

Louisiana Hon. R. G. Pleasant, Honorary Chairman

North Carolina Hon. T. W.Bickett, Honorary Chairman

Florida Hon. Sidney J. Catts, Honorary Chairman

(Other states organizing)

CITY COMMITTEES

Provincetown, Mass.

Artemas P. Hannum, Chairman, Board of Selectmen James Biram, Chairman, Board of Assessors Chas. N. Rogers, Chairman, Overseers of the Poor George F. Miller, Centenary M. E. Church Daniel M. McKay, Center M. E. Church John F. Snow, Church of the Redeemer, Universalist Duncan A. Matheson, Church of the Pilgrims John Dennis, St. Peter's R. C. Church

Frank A. Days, Jr , St. Peters R. C. Church Judge Walter Welsh, Board of Trade Myrick C. Atvvood, Pilgrim Monument Association John P. Silva, King Hiram's Lodge, Masons Frank S. Miller, Fraternal Lodge, Odd Fellows William H. Young, John A. Matheson, 2nd.

Mason City, Iowa Mayor A. Potter Mr. John A. Senneff Clark Mr. J. E. Blythe Mr. G. N. Mr. C. H. McNider Mr. Wm. H. Griebling

Mr. B. C. Keeler Mr. J. M. Hazlett Mr. B. C. Way Mr. Wm. F. Huse Lee Mr. F. J. Hanlon Mr. C. M. Mr. Earl Smith Dr. W .G. Egloff Garman Dr. J. W. Daugherty Major O. W. Mr. Allen F. Beck Mrs. Laura B. Weston Mr. Jay E. Decker Mrs. Wm. B. Wilson Mr. W. E. Millington Mrs. Cora SennefF Mr. E. L. Balz Mrs. T. A. Potter

Mr. W. G. C. Bagley Mrs. J. E. Blythe

48 Sioux Falls, S. D.

Mayor Geo. W. Burnside, Sious Palls, S. D.

Hon. James E. Elliott, U. S. Circuit Judge, Sioux Falls, S. D.

Hon. J. Howard Gates, Judge State Supreme Court, Sioux Falls, S. D.

Hon. Judge J. T. Medin, Judge State Circuit Court, Sioux Falls, S. D. Hon. C. A. Christipherson, Member Elect of Congress, Sioux Falls, S. D.

Right Rev. Hugh L. Burleson, Episcopal Bishop, Sioux Falls, S. D.

Right Rev. Thomas O'Gorman, Catholic Bishop, Sioux Falls, S. D.

Rev. W. E. Roberts, Presbyterian Minister, Sioux Falls, S. D.

Rev. C. B. Tupper, Christian Church, Sioux Falls, S. D.

Rev. S. H. Orwall, Norwegian Church, Sioux Falls, S. D.

D. J. Conway, Attorney, Sioux Falls, S. D. C. O. Bailey, Attorney, Sioux Falls, S. D. F. R. Aikens, Attorney, Sioux Falls, S. D. Joe Kirby, Attorney, Sioux Falls, S. D. Tore Teigen, Attorney, Sioux Falls, S. D.

A. B. Fairbanks, Attorney, Sioux Falls, S. D.

R. J. Wells, Attorney, Sioux Falls, S. D. C. M. Day, Editor, Daily Argus Leader, Sioux Falls, S. D. W. C. Cook, Editor, Sioux Falls Press, Sioux Falls, S. D. Dr. Helen S. Peabody, Principal All Saints School (Episcopal) Sioux Falls, S.D. Mrs. Ed Hyde, Club Woman, Sioux Falls, S. D. Mrs. E. G. Kennedy, Club Woman, Sioux Falls, S. D. Mrs. Mark D. Scott, Club Woman, Sioux Falls, S. D. Mrs. A. B. Sessions, Club Woman, Sioux Falls, S. D.

Mrs. G. J. Danforth, Club Woman, Sioux Falls, S. D. Mrs. A. H. Stites, Club Woman, Sioux Falls, S. D.

Mrs. T. J. White, Club Woman, Sioux Falls, S. D. Mrs. Roger Dennis, Red Cross Worker, Sioux Falls, S. D.

Mrs. Theo. Norton, Red Cross Worker, Sioux Falls, S. D.

Miss Clara Thompson, Business Woman, Sioux Falls, S. D. Mrs. T. H. Brown, Womans Relief Corps, Sioux Falls, S. D.

T. H. Hardimon, City Commissioner, Sioux Falls, S. D. John Mundt, City Commissioner, Sioux Falls, S. D. W. L. Baker, Banker, Sioux Falls, S. D. C. E. McKinney, Banker. Sioux Falls, S. D.

F. H. Johnson, Banker, Sioux Falls, S. D.

C. W. Thompson, Banker, Sioux Falls, S. D. Geo. M. Foster, Vice-President Morrell Packing Co., Sioux Falls, S. D. H. C. Freese, Merchant, Sioux Falls, S. D. Geo. T. Blackman, Money Loaner, Sioux Falls, S. D. Geo. A. Pettygrew, Grand Secretary, Masonic Bodies, Sioux Falls, S. D. H. F. Brownell, Automobile Dealer, Sioux Falls, S. D. D. C. Jewett, Wholesale Grocer, Sioux Falls, S. D. A. R. Fellows, Wholesale Drugs, Sioux Falls, S. D. E. D. Putnam, Doctor, Sioux Falls, S. D. B. S. Reardon, Wholesale Hardware, Sioux Falls, S. D.

49 Thomas Shealey, Railroad Engineer, Sioux Falls, S. D. L. F. Craig, Salesman, Sioux Falls, N. Y.

H. Hornby, Physician, Sioux Falls, S. D.

M. J. McCaffrey, Head of Labor Organization, Sioux Falls, S. D.

F. J. Watson, Real Estate, Sioux Falls, S. D.

Brockton, Mass.

Mr. Harry H. Williams, 18 Newton St., Brockton, Mass. Mr. George W. Alden, 11 Newbury St., Brockton, Mass. Mr. James T. Corcoran, 42 School St., Brockton, Mass. Edward Gilmore, Postmaster, Brockton, Mass. Mr. Bernard Winslow, 99 Belcher Ave., Brockton, Mass.

I. Manuel Rubin, Lawyer, 231 Main St., Brockton, Mass. Mr. Fred B. Howard, 56 Arlington St., Brockton, M:lass, Mr. Charles P. Holland, 32 Green St., Brockton, M:lass. Calvin R. Barrett, City Clerk, Brockton, Mass. Mr. Leland W. Snow, 408 Ash St., Brockton, Mass. Mr. Frank A. Manning, S7 Mulberry St., Brockton, Mass. Mr. Roger Keith, 65 South St., Brockton, Mass. Mr. George Leach, 50 South St., Brockton, Mass. Mr. Charles Hillberg, 81 Hillberg Ave., Brockton, Mass. Mr. Charles Kickey, 12 Doris Ave., Brockton, Mass. Mr. John P. Meade, 28 Weston St., Brockton, Mass. Mr. William S. Barford, 146 Cherry St., Brockton, Mass. Mr. Horace Kingman, 112 Summer St., Brockton, Mass. Mr. John F. Scully, 299 Ash St., Brockton, Mass. Maurice Murphy, Lawyer, 231 Main St., Brockton, Mass. Mr. Andrew L. Hunter, 350 Spring St., Brockton, Mass.

Macon, Ga.

Mayor Toole, Hon. Chairman Mr. G. E. Paine

Mrs. W. P. Coleman Mr. J. D. Crump Mrs. McEuen Johnston Mr. R. H. Mason Mrs. Cecil Morgan Mr. Harry Robert Mrs. G. Troup Howard Mr. R. L. McKinney Mrs. R. L. Smith Mr. George H. Long Mrs. H. M. Wortham Mr. Luther Williams Mrs. Hubert Duckworth Mr. H. N. Wortham Mrs. E. W. Bellamy Mr. G. Troup Howard Mrs. Bruce C. Jones Mr. F. H. Powers Mrs. Duncan M. Brown Mr. John Streyer Mrs. E. W. Gould Mr. C. B. Lewis Mrs. Walter A. Harris Mr. Jesse B. Hart

Mrs. Cooper Winn, Jr., Mr. R. F. Burden Mrs. John M. Cutler Mr. Joe H. Noel Mrs. Joseph N. Noel Mr. John T. Moore Mrs. Mary Ayes Harris Mr. Eden Taylor, Jr.

50 City of Norfolk, Virginia

Mr. James E. Heath, Chairman, Law Building, Norfolk, Virginia Mr. Mallory K. Cannon, Principal Maury High School, Norfolk, Virginia Mr. Thomas S. Purdie, 340 Freemason St., Norfolk, Virginia Mr. Douglas Gordon, care of Ledger Dispatch, Norfolk, Virginia Mr. Percy S. Stephenson, Monticello Arcade, Norfolk, Virginia Mr. S. S. Nottingham, 404 Warren Crescent, Norfolk, Virginia Mr. Robert B. Tunstall, Citizens Bank Building, Norfolk, Virginia Dr. H. H. Covington, 1134 Westover Ave., Norfolk, Virginia

Mr. Robert M. Hughes, Jr., Law Building, Norfolk, Virginia Mr. Allan G. Burrow, Law Building, Norfolk, Virginia

Mrs. J. Westmore Willcox, Law Building, Norfolk, Virginia Miss Mary D. Pretlow, care of Mr. John D. Abbitt, 521 Raleigh Ave., Norfolk, Virginia

Mrs. Allan R. Hanckel, 322 Bute St., Norfolk, Virginia Miss Ethel Neely, 716 Colonial Ave., Norfolk, Virginia Mrs. N. M. Osborne, 1101 Westover Ave., Norfolk, Virginia Mrs. A. B. Seldner, Dickson Building, Norfolk, Virginia Mrs. John B. Miles, 530 Shirley Ave., Norfolk, Virginia Miss Nannie D. Kensett, 344 Freemason St., Norfolk, Virginia

Utica, N. Y.

George E. Dunham, 1109 Park Ave., Utica, N. Y. William W. Canfield, 7 Johnson Park, Utica, N. Y. William E. Weed, 448 Genesee St., Utica, N. Y. Leslie W. Brennan, 232 Genesee St., Utica, N. Y.

Michael J. Kernan, 3 Rutgers Park, Utica, N. Y. Arthur M. Burke, 49 Warren Ave., Utica, N. Y. Edward Bedford, 1125 Howard Ave., Utica, N. Y.

William J. Cahill, 1006 Dudley Ave., Utica, N. Y. William T. Baker, 390 Genesee St., Utica, N. Y. William H. Roberts, 60 Genesee St., Utica, N. Y. Frank X. Matt, 1910 Whitesboro St., Utica, N. Y.

Frederic J. Bovvne, 505 Henry St., Utica, N. Y. John G. Duffy, 105 Boyce Ave., Utica, N. Y. Frederick W. Kincaid, 214 Rutger St., Utica, N. Y.

J. Fred Maynard, 352 Genesee St., Utica, N. Y. Thomas R. Proctor, 312 Genesee St., Utica, N. Y. Frederick T. Proctor, 318 Genesee St., Utica, N. Y. Otto A. Meyer, 14 Jewett Place, Utica, N. Y.

Bierne Gordon, Jr., 21 Clinton Place, Utica, N. Y. John Owen Thomas, 1108 West St., Utica, N. Y. William L Taber, 829 Genesee St., Utica, N. Y. Charles S. Symonds, 373 Genesee St., Utica, N. Y. George L. Bradford, 403 Genesee St., Utica, N Y

J. Francis Day, 360 Genesee St., Utica, N. Y.

51 Harlan G. Newcomer, 1505 Elm St., Utica, N. Y. Capt. William Mayer, Home Defense Bldg., Elizabeth St., Utica, N. Y. Fred Sisson, 101 Mayrc Bldg., Genesee St., Utica, N. Y. Hon. James B. Smith.

LOCAL COMMITTEES

Henry C. Morris, Chiacgo, 111. Fenton M. Parke, Buffalo, N. Y. Charles W. French, Boston, Mass. Sinclair Kennedy, Boston, Mass. Bennehan Cameron, Raleigh, N. C. T. M. Carrington, Richmond, Va. Samuel Mather, Cleveland, Ohio. Sherman T. Handy, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. Truman H. Newberry, Detroit, Mich. Milie Bunnell, Duluth, Mich. Hugh James Fleming, San Francisco, Cal. F. F. Peard, Los Angeles, Cal.

John S. Cunningham, Durham, S. C. Charles Phelps Taft, Cincinnati, Ohio. Francis B. Mitchell, Rochester, N. Y. Justice Nathaniel Foote, Rochester, N. Y. C. F. Amison, Fargo, N. D. Vance C. McCormick, Harrisburg, Pa. Bishop James H. Darlington, Harrisburg, Pa. Louis R. Cheney, Hartford, Conn. Milo Shanks, Elmira, N. Y. S. G. Heiskell, Knoxville, Tenn. Frank L. Dodge, Lansing, Mich. F. AL Fling, Lincoln, Neb. W. O. Head, Louisville, K}-. E. B. Whitney, Meriden, Conn. Charles L Button, Middlebury, Vt. Rev. Walter Greenman, Milwaukee, Wis. Levi Longfellow, Minneapolis, Minn. B. F. Nelson, Minneapolis, Minn. James B. Estee, Montpelier, Vt. Hilary E. House, Nashville, Tenn. Judge Henry Wade Rogers, New Haven, Conn. Martin Behrman, New Orleans, La. W. 0. Hart, New Orleans, La. R. A. C. Smith, New York, N. Y. .Arthur Schoellkopf, Niagara Falls, N. Y. George W. Whitehead, Niagara, Falls, N. Y. George F. Nye, Niagara Falls, N. Y. Frank K. Mott, Oakland, Cal.

52 N. V. V. Franchot, Olean, N. Y. Stanley Childs, Oneida, X. Y. Hon. George W. Fairchild, Oneonta, N. Y. Frederick H. Strawbridge, Philadelphia, Pa. Rt. Rev. Philip Rhinelander, Philadelphia, Pa. Bayard Henry, Philadelphia, Pa. S. H. Church, Pittsburgh, Pa.

John R. Rathom, Providence, R. I. Ira W. Stratton, Reading, Pa. Breckinridge Jones, St. Louis, Mo. Samuel C. Park, Salt Lake City, Utah. George Sutherland, Salt Lake City, Utah. Judge Thomas Burke, Seattle, Wash. Donald Dey, Syracuse, N. Y. Thomas Albert Fenton, Syracuse, X. Y. Charles E. Crittenden, Toldeo, Ohio John Hays Hammond, Washington, D. C. Col. Thomas W. Simonds, Washington, D. C. Dr. H. H. Warren, Yankton, S. D.

Henry L. K. Shaw, Albany, X'. Y. Judge James F. Ailshie, Boise City, Idaho Henry M. Beardsley, Kansas City, Mo. George S. Bixby, Plattsburgh, Harry L. Brown, St. Augustine, John H. Broad, Morrisville, N. Y. Herbert H. Hawkins, Hamilton, N. Y. Arthur Lord, Plymouth, Mass.

53 SULGRAVE'S SCHEME OF EDUCATION

Sulgrave's plan of education in connection with the Ter- centenary celebration as here given is somewhat tentative; but the permanent plan is being formulated under the auspices of Dr. Finley and Dr. Sullivan, of Albany, New York.

Committee on Schools and Universities:

Dr. John H. Finley, Chairman Dr. James Sullivan, Secretary

1. Period of instruction in regard to the free institutions of the English speaking world, Spring and Fall terms of 1920; with special reference of

(a) Magna Charta; revolution of the Commonwealth; colonial development, including meeting of the first Legislative Assembly on American soil, in Jamestown, Va., July 30—August 2, 1619;

(b) Mayflower Compact November 11, 1620; landing of the Pilgrims on site of Plymouth, December 20, 1620;

(c) Drafting of the American Constitution, in which the Massachusetts and Virginia ideas merged; likewise sig- nalling in a public way all other events which mark the progress and development of free institutions.

2. Essays, lectures, etc., in re free institutions.

3. Pageants which are being planned by Dr. Sullivan upon the basis of the means at hand for carrying out such plans on the part of the various classes of schools, which will graphically illus- trate outstanding events in the history of English-speaking nations.

4. Interscholastic games.

5. Special use of moving and still stereopticon pictures.

6. Sending of an identical signed address by pupils of schools situated in towns in America named for towns in Great Britain and Ireland to the pupils of public schools located in such towns.

7. Several hours during the Spring and Fall terms to be devoted to instruction in re the English language and the need of preserving its purity.

54 8, Day of instruction in re the Anglo-American common law —how derived from a common source from the common-sense of common experience. 9. A universal meeting to be held in public schools on the afternoon or evening of December 20, at which addresses shall be delivered on the historical and political aspects of the Virginia Assembly and the Pilgrim Fathers, etc.; this to be preceded on Sunday, December 19, by sermons in all the churches relating to the anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers, the meaning of their advent, the spirit of free institutions, etc., etc. The exercises Monday, December 20, not only in the public schools, but in public places everywhere, will terminate the international celebration as arranged by the Sulgrave Institution—Anglo-Ameri- can Society, and the Leyden Committee. A plan will also be formulated for participation in any way that may be desirable in the official celebration in Plymouth and Boston in 1921. PLAN FOR VILLAGE CELEBRATIONS

Plan of celebration for villages and towns has been prepared by a Village Celebration Committee, headquarters, Morrisville, Madison County, N. Y. Details follow:

Committee on Village Celebration:

JohnR. Ellis, Chairman I. M. Charlton John H. Broad Mrs. Wilbur Henderson

J. P. Wetmore Mrs. John R. Ellis John A. Johnson Mrs. John H. Broad Warren McAllister Miss Elizabeth Stewart E. A. Fuller Mrs. John A. Johnson H. C. Wood

1st. An Old Home Week, or old Home two or three days, which shall have special reference to a program that will honor the first settler of each town, (or settlers), and, in particular, the man who gave the name to the town. This feature of the celebration might include.

(a) A meeting under the auspices of the local Historical Society, with essays read in reference of the beginning and ancestral character of the respective towns:

55 (b) A simple pageant that shall relate to the Pilgrim Fathers and the early settlers of Virginia, and to show something of the early life of each village at the time of its origin. (Note.— Full information can be secured as to pageants by writing to Dr. James Sullivan, Secretary, Sulgrave Tercentenary Committee on Education, De- partment of Education, Albany, N. Y.)

2nd. Special instructions in the public school in regard to the beginnings and developings of the free institutions of the English-speaking world, with particular reference to the May- flower Compact and the Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers, and the meeting of the first American Legislative Assembly in James- town, Va.

3rd. The distribution of copies of the Mayflower Compact and the minutes of the first Legislative Assembly, which can be found in any authoritative history of the United States.

4th. Addresses on Magna Charta, the Cromwellian Revo- lution, the American Revolution, etc., with particular reference to the Mayflower Compact and Virginia Assembly.

5th. November 11 at noon bell ringing for five minutes in all villages in the United States, Canada, England, etc., in celebration of the Mayflower Compact.

6th. Universal Thanksgiving Day with sermons in the churches on the history and genius of English-speaking free institutions, and, finally,

7th. On Sunday, December 19, in all churches throughout the English-speaking world, services particularly devoted to the Pilgrim Fathers and Mothers.

S6 WAR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVICE

Plan for Tercentenary

The Sulgrave Institution is glad to announce that the War Camp Community Service has joined in with the Sulgrave in furthering the Tercentenary celebration. A comprehensive program for smaller communities has been prepared by Miss

Constance D'Arcy Mackay, head of the Bureau of Pageantry and Drama, which is herewith published in full. It is gratifying to acknowledge the splendid work which the Communitj' Service is doing and the value of the services rendered to the Sulgrave Institution. WAR CAMP COMMUNITY SERVICE SULGRAVE COMMITTEE Joseph Lee, Chairman Gustavus T. Kirby Hon. Myron T. Herrick Mrs. E. P. Earle Howard S. Braucher Mrs. Eva Whiting White Miss Constance D'Arcy MacKay COMMITTEE SERVICE BULLETIN

There is to be a nation-wide celebration of the Pilgrim and First Legislative Assembly Tercentenaries in the United States continuing throughout 1920. The following suggestions are given for making celebrations tie up in every possible way with the work of communities. Libraries(Bibliography, Displays, etc.) Games Community Music and Singing Folk Dancing Story Telling Drama Recitations

[Suggestions in re First Assembly Celebration now being proposed.] A clear understanding as to the difference between Pilgrims and Puritans printed and placed where it can be read. "The actual difference between the Pilgrims and the Puritans was that the Pilgrims were Separatists and sought the New World in order to have freedom to worship God according to the dictates of their consciences, while the Puritans desired no separation from the church itself only from the abuses of the church, and sought only to reform it. The Pilgrims were the first advocates of freedom and conscience and believed in a free religion as an act of obedience to God only." (From an address by Dr. Benj. Scott Chamberlain of the City of London, in the Manor House at Screeby, England.) Libraries

(1). Pilgrim booksiielf of poetry, plays, pageants, recitations, music, romance, history, costumes and reference works relating to the Pilgrims. A tentative list of these is here suggested. J Little Captive Lad by Beulah Marie Dix, published b}' Samuel French, New York City. A Little Pilgrim's Progress, a play by C. D. MacKay, published by Samuel French, New York City. A Nameless Noblemen by Jane G. Austin published by the Pilgrim Book Shop, Plymouth, Mass. 57 J Rose o' Plymouth Tozvn, a play by Beulah Marie Dix and Evelyn Green- leaf Sutherland may be obtained through Samuel French, New York City. A Story of the Pilgrims by Roland Usher published by Macmillan Com- pany, New York City. Betty Alden by Jane G. Austin published by the Pilgrim Book Shop, Phmouth, Mass. Finding the Mayflower, a play by Blanche Proctor Fisher, published by Walter Baker & Company, Boston, Mass. Founders of Our Country by F. E. Coe, containing the story of Miles Standish, Captain of Plymouth, published by the American Book Company, New York City. Four American Indians by Whitney and Perry. This contains the story of King Phillip and Massasoit and his two sons, published by the American Book Company, New York City. Indian Games -and Dances by Alice C. Fletcher published by C. C. Birchard & Company, Boston, Mass. Alary of Plymouth by James Otis, published by the American Book Company, New York City. Patriotic Plays and Pageants by C. D. Mackay contains a Pilgrim Play. Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan (good for costumes). School History by Hart published by the American Book Company, New York City. Contains colored illustrations. Standish of Standish by Jane G. Austin published by the Pilgrim Book Store, Ph'mouth, Mass. Standish of Standish, a play by Annie Russel Marble, published by Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.. Mass. Stories of American Life and Adventure by Edward Fggleston, containing stories of women in Indian Wars, published by the American Book Companj, New York City. The Courtship of Miles Standish by Longfellow, published by Houghton Mifflin Compan}-, Boston, Mass. The Courtship of Miles Standish by Eugene Presby, a play, published by Samuel French, New York City. Tzvo Centuries of Costume in America by Alice Morse Earle.

(2). Decorations for the bookshelf. A long strip of white cardboard on which is prettily labeled Ye Pilgrim Book Shelf. At top of this placard a Pilgrim woman reading a book. At the foot of it a Pilgrim man reading a book.

(3). Displays. (a) The following pictures can be ordered from the Perry Picture Com- pany, Maiden, Mass., illustrating costumes of the Pilgrims. The pictures are size 10x12, price seven cents each. No order is accepted for less than five, and a money order must be sent with the letter.

1331 Embarkation of the Pilgrims by Wier 1332 Landing of the Pilgrims by Rothernel 1336 Pilgrim Exiles by Boughton 1337 John Alden and Priscilla by Boughton 1339 Pilgrims Going to Church by Boughton

58 (b) Pictures by Remington, Some pictures in strong color showing

scenes of Indian life are not only appropriate but in fine contrast to the quite colored Pilgrim scenes. These scenes should not be of the plains. Thej' should be scenes that might be in New England, such as an Indian with a canoe; an Indian praying to the great spirit; an Indian hunting, etc.

(c) Pilgrim scene with dolls. A half a dozen dolls, six or seven inches high dressed like Pilgrims. One doll, a Pilgrim man, should be in the stocks. The other dolls should be ranged against a little hillock which can

be made bj' covering some books with green canton flannel. The dolls can stand against this.

(d) Posters. There may be posters specially designed by local artists,

showing special scenes from Pilgrim life.

(e) Models of tiny stages showing the settings for Pilgrim plays. A Pilgrim interior, with brown walls, stone hearth and brown furniture is suggested. GAMES

PiLGRI.M AND InDIAN GaMES

Pilgrim Games How TO Play Stool Ball

I know not if my friend Hannah has seen the game of stoolball as it is played in our village of Plymouth, because those among us who take part in it use no sticks or bats, but strike the ball only with their hands. Of course we have no real stools here as yet, because of the labor necessary to make them, when a block of wood serves equally well on which to sit: but the lads who play the game take a short piece of puncheon board, and, boring three holes in it, put therein sticks to serve as legs. These they place upon the ground behind them, and he who throws the ball strives to hit the stool rather than the player, who is allowed only to use his hands in warding it off. Whosoevers stool has been hit must himself take the ball, throwing it, and continuing at such service until he succeeds in striking another's stool. Extract from Mary of Plymouth by James Otis, American Book Company, Washington Square, N. Y. Price 50 cents.

hidian Games

From Indian Games and Dances by Alice C. Fletcher

Published by C. C. Birchard & Co., Price 31-00

Properties: One double-ball; as many sticks as players, red and yellow head- bands, equal in number, for the two sides of players. Directions:—The double-ball should be made in the following manner: A strip of leather or of strong, closely woven brown cloth from fifteen to twenty

59 inches long. For six inches from both ends the strip should be about seven inches wide; the portion of the strip between these wide ends should be about three inches wide. The wide ends are to form the pouches, and the narrower middle section the band to connect the two pouches. The two edges of the strip should be lapped and strongly sewed the entire length of the strip, except a small opening about an inch long left on the side of each of the pouches. Through this opening the pouches are filled with dry sand, then the edges are securely sewed together so- that no sand can escape. These pouches are the "balls". The sides of the pouches should be decorated with designs painted in bright colors and a little tuft or tassel of red yarn fastened at the middle of the bottom of the pouch. The sticks should be about thirty-two inches long, not too heavy and somewhat pointed at one end that is slightly curved. Each stick should be marked by an individual device so- that it can be claimed by its owner.

poles about five and a half to six feet . Two wickets, made by crotched high, having a bar fastened across the top, are placed in line with each other, one at the East, the other at the West, and as far apart as the limits of the grounds will per- mit. A red streamer to be tied to the eastern wicket and a yellow streamer to the western wicket. The players are divided into two parties of equal numbers and lots should be drawn to decide which side shall have the eastern goal, and all of that side must wear red head-bands; the other side must wear yellow head-bands to show that theirs is the western goal. An umpire must be chosen, to whom belongs the duty of tossing the ball when necessary; to keep the score, and to settle any disputes.

To make a point the ball must be tossed so as to hang on the crossbar of the wicket. An agreement must be made as to how many points shall constitute the game. Game

The players stand in two rows about fifteen to twenty feet apart, one color on one side, the other color opposite. The Umpire takes a place between the twa lines and as near as possible to the middle of the rows. When all are in readiness the double ball is tossed by the Umpire straight up into the air, and all those whose places are near the middle of the rows watch the descent of the "ball" and try to catch on their sticks the connecting cord of the double-ball. If one succeeds, she

trii.s to send it down the line toward the goal of her side; those of the opposite side try to prevent success to this movement and to send the "ball" in the other direction.

The "ball" should not be allowed to touch the ground from the time it is

tossed until it is lodged on the wicket. The side that lets the "ball" fall to the ground loses a count, and the side that keeps the "ball" up until it reaches the goal scores two points equal to four counts.

Follow My Leader

This game is widely played among the Indian tribes, particularly by the boys, and also by the girls. The Leader improvises the steps and the move-

60 merits, which all who follow must repeat and keep time to the song. It has been handed down from one generation of young folk to another—for how many, "nobody knows."

Song Follow my leader where'er he goes; What he'll do next, nodody knows.

The Game

A leader is chosen, and all who join in the game must go where he goes, dance as he dances, move the arms, hands and feet as he does. The skipping and dancing must be in exact time with the song that all must sing. The game gives opportunity for fancy steps, winding intricate figures, "cutting capers" and merry pranks. Music

A full list of music is appended to the list of drama. Dances

The Pilgrims did not allow dancing; but Indian dances and ceremonials are

appropriate to the period. A full list of these is given with the list of drama.

Story Telling

A Story Teller in Pilgrim costume should visit libraries, schools, parks, play- grounds, parish houses, etc. Excellent material for story telling will be found in Mary of Plymouth by James Otis, published by the American Book Company,

Washington Square, New York City, price 44 cents. This is filled with excellent short material. Recitations appropriate for Story Telling will be found in the List of Drama, which includes pageants, plays, tableaux, recitations, dances, ceremonials and music.

List of Plays, Pageants, Tableaux, Recitations, Ceremonials and Music Suitable for the Celebration of the Pilgrim Tercentenary

O beautiful for Pilgrim feet. Whose stern, impassioned stress A thoroughfare for freedom beat Across the wilderness! America! America! God mend thine every flaw.

Confirm thy soul in self-control, , Thy liberty in law. —From Katherine Lee Bates' America the Beautiful.

We sit here in the promised land That flows with freedom's honey and milk,

But 'twas they won it, sword in hand. Making the nettle danger for us soft as silk. —From James Russell Lowell's Ode.

61 THE TERCENTENARY

The Pilgrim Tercentenary will be celebrated during 1920 from one end of this country to the other, and we are glad of the opportunity to set before you the first list of drama material available on the subject. The Pilgrim Tercentenary seeks to draw all the English speaking peoples together in one great celebration. Thus what the Pilgrim stood for will be commemorated not only in the United States but in Great Britain, Canada, and Australia drawing these late comrades- in-arms into a closer union.

Through the plans mapped out by the Sulgrave Institution celebrations will be held in England beginning May first and then in Leyden in Holland, and later in the United States. There will be a second sailing of the Mayflower. Digni- taries will embark from England following the route of the Pilgrim to Leyden and from there to Provincetown, Massachusetts, where a celebration will be held in

August. Later Plymouth, Massachusetts, will hold its celebration. It is expected that all large cities of the United States will celebrate, and all the smaller towns and villages as well; for the Pilgrim represent not only the freedom to which this nation is dedicate—religious, political; but they also represent the Pioneer Spirit, and

for this reason their Tercentenary is of interest to any part of this country that had its pioneers. And what part of this country has not had them?

To join the Pilgrim Tercentenary celebration is a matter of patriotism. The celebration will continue throughout the whole of 1920, with especial emphasis on all national holidays, in particular on Thanksgiving. Thanksgiving Day 1920 will

be celebrated both b\' Great Britain and America.

Plays and Pageants for Adults

The Pilgrims. This pageant will be published in the April number of the Woman's Home Companion which comes out March 15th. It can be produced by cities, towns and villages, making it as elaborate or simple as desired. It re- quires a cast of from l.SO to 500 men, women and children. If your newsdealer will not order this number for you, address Mailing Department, Woman's Home Companion, 381 Fourth Avenue, New York city, enclosing a post office or-

The Sulgrave Institution with headquarters in the Woolworth Building, New

York City is named after the ancient seat of the Washington family, Sulgrave Manor, Northants, England. There will be a special celebration at this Manor during the Pilgrims Tercentenary. John A. Stewart is Chairman of the New York Board of Governors which includes amongst others Brand Whitlock, James M. Beck, Charles W. Eliot. Advisory Council includes J. P. Morgan, Samuel Gompers, Rev. William T. Manning, James Cardinal Gibbons, General John J. Pershing, Major-General Leonard Wood, Franklin K. Lane and William Howard Taft. Those on the English Committee include. Archbishop of Canterbury, Viscount Bryce, Viscount Grey, David Lloyd George, Cardinal Bourne, and the Lord Mayor of London.

62 der. This pageant deals with the early settlement of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, where one of the Pilgrims, half dreaming over his book, sees a vision of America in the future years. Through this vision all the great men and women of America appear, thus making the pageant relate definitely to the whole country, north, east, south and west. The pageant contains dialogues, pantomime, tableaux and processional effects as well as symbolic dances, folk dances, etc. Full stage directions and practical suggestions for the costumes accompany the pageant text. No royalty.

A Rose Plymouth Town, by Beulah Marie Dix and Evelyn Greenlea' Sutherland, can be ordered from Samuel French, 28 West 38th Street, New York City, price 50 cents. A play in four acts, 4 male and 4 female characters. Two scene settings; one a Pilgrim interior, the other a wood in Plymouth; or can be

given in one interior scene if desired. Plays two hours. Has had professional production and very wide use. A charming poetic and highly interesting play> absolutely authentic. Filled with dramatic suspense. It tells the story of Rose de La Noye, a Pilgrim of French descent, who plays havoc with the hearts of Pilgrim men; and who comes near marrying the wrong man through a lover's mis-

understanding. The play is replete with picturesque situations, and has much

humor. Pilgrim costumes. There is a royalty often dollars for performances by

amateurs; but the play is well worth it. Full directions for costuming and staging.

Standish of Standish, by Annie Russell Marble, published by Houghten Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts, at 31-00. A dramatization of Jane G.

Austin's novel of that name. The play is in three acts and six scenes, with one interior used throughout. 5 female and 5 male characters. The play tells the

romance of Priscilla, John Alden and Miles Standish. There is a secondary love

story; and a good deal of interest is developed by the comedy character of Desire

Minter. The play is authentic, and the dialogue lifelike and full of quaint turns of speech. Full descriptions of scene setting and action. No royalty.

The Courtship of Miles Statidish by Eugene W. Presbry. A play in one act dramatizing the Longfellow story, published by Samuel French, 28 West 38th Street, New York City at 25 cents. It has two male and two female characters.

The scene is a Pilgrim interior. Pilgrim costumes, easy to give. Plays 25 minutes. No royalty. Plays and Pageants for Young People

In the Good Old Days by Norah Archibald Smith from Plays, Pantomimes and Tableaux for Children, published by MofFat, Yard and Companj^ New York City,

price ?1.00 net. This is a one act play with four scenes, for which one interior scene can be used throughout. It has prologues spoken by Father Time and his Hour Glass. It might almost be called a short play in four acts for children. 2 girls and 5 boys. Ages run from 11 years to 15 years. Plays about an hour. Concerns the adventures of two children of today who crawl through an ancient fireplace into Yesterday, and find themselves in stern Pilgrim times. The pleas- ures children have today compared to what they had then are interestingly and amusingly shown. Excellent authentic dialogue and humorous situations. A very fine play for children. No royalty.

63 J Li::lf PU^ritRs Pra^rfss by C- D. Mackay, published by Samael French, 26 West 5Sth Street, New York City, price 25 cents. One act play. Setting, a

Pflgrim interior. S boys, 4 firis, in ages ranging from 8 to 13 years. This is a morahty play, after the icanner of Banyan's P-.lgrim's Progress. A little Pilgrim at Dame Decision's Inn meets with False Pride, Honesty, Steadfastness, etc. .\uthentic dialogue. Xo royalty.

Tk^ First TksKksg::^:Kr DinKrr. by Marjorie Benton Cook. One act play. Could be arranged so that it could be given indoors or outdoors; but preferably indoors. 7 boys and 3 girls of 12 to 14 years of age. Plays 25 minutes. Can be ordered from the Drama League Book Shop, 7 East 42nd Street, Xew York City, price 15 cents. Xo royalty.

FzKczTiT fjif ilayficTir by Blanche Proctor Fisher, published by Walter H. Baker i Company, 5 Hamilton Place, Boston, Mass., price 15 cents. A play in one act. 7 girls or if the prologue is included 8 girls and 1 boy. Ages 8 to 14 years. Plays 25 minutes. Scene: interior of a Pilgrim home. The play concerns the hunt for the first mayfiowers, and has a surprise ending. There is considerable hnmor in the play. An excellent play for the cast of all girls. Xo royalty.

Tif Life q/ the Corn. An Indian drama in 5 dances with authendc Indian music and choruses. Can be found in iKdian Games and Dances crith Xati^e So'Kgs by Alice C. Fletcher, published by C. O. Birchard & Company, Boston, Mass., price Sl.OO. This is a superb bit of Indian pantomime. This parricular dance-drama is that of the Omaha tribe: but as the com dance and ceremonial was used by all Xorth American Indians, it is adaptable for purposes of the Tercentenary celebration. In the ethnological notes to LongfeUow's Hiazcs^ha will be izi-iA a description of an ancient dance of the com as given by the Indian tribes of the Eastern seaboard. The Life of tke Cor^ is simply a variant of this dsr: re. It is rich in color and dramaric effects, with Indian and symbolic costumes — -.: :h are indicated in the text. At least 50 young people can take part in it from II t: 20 years of age. As many more as desired can parricipate. There must be seven special "dance leaders" who are skilled in dandng and pantomime. There shDuId be an accompanying chorus of a least 25 voices. Words, music and full cesrn prion of each dance are given. This is essenrialiy a drama for outdoor production- Xo royalty.

Tks Pilgrim Ir.terlmde from Patriotic Plays ar.d Pateants by C. D. Mackay,

: _:;--:!-r£ by Henni- Holt Company, 19 West 44th Street, Xew York City, price 51.35. This is an outdoor play in one act. Ten hoys and three girls ranging in age from 8 to 14 years. Pflgrim and Indian costumes- The play contains an Indian so!o dance. It relates the story of how Pridlla Mullins taught a little Indian girl to spin. Dialogue and costumes authenric. Easy to produce. Xo royalty. Taslealx

rrhese suggesrions for tableaux are taken from a celebrarion in Plymouth found in the souvenir book of Mrs. Eager.) The Pilgrims caprive in the market place in Boston, England.

64 The Pilgrims in Holland. At Leyden. Embarking &om Delft Haven. The departure from Southampton, En^and. (Here the English Meny Makers who were not Pilgrims had their Morris Dances.; Indian Life; war dance; moon dance; Indian maidens. The treaty with Massasoit. A tea party of Ye CHde Tyme '1670). To these may be added the Pilgrims Farewell; The Courtship of Miles Staa- dish, the wedding of Prisdlla Mullins; the arrival of Sqaanto in Plymouth ctAonj.

The Perry pictures will be an aid in staging tableaux. Send for iUostrated catalogue of Perry Picture Company, Maiden, Mass.

Recitatioxs

Tkg Landing of t)u PUgriwu by Felicia Hesaas to be found in any coOection of her poems in most scho

Tki M^yf^oser by Alfred Xoyes, a superb poem which will appear iu the De- lineator Magazine in May.

Portions of "Ok Piamers", by Wait Whitmaa to be iDuai ia mDSt Libraries.

Selections from the Courtship of ilil^s St^^disr. bv Longfelio «• to be found la most libraries.

M^ic

Jmsrica tks BeoTUifvl by Katherine Lee Bates is excellent for community »nging and suitable for Pilgrims. Afnrrica.

J Mighty Fjrirejs is Our Gyd. Martin Luriiers hymn.

Gc*:^ £.- Sozs tks Ssulf% JFirJsr. Pilgrim chant to be found on page 27 of Patriotic Plays and Psgear^ by C. D. Maciay. This ran be sung to the t jne of Oxford. Other songs are an old marching song of the lowlands caDed Fortm-^s My Fos Jfky Dosi Thou Fro^K Oi Mif There is an o'd time ring to O H%s% Tiss Mj Bchif by Sullivan which makes it possible for this celebratioa.

Indian songs will be found in Indism Gsmes s'.d Ds^cfs mitk Xa^ire SoKgs by .Mice Fletcher, published by C. C. Birchard i Company. Boston, Mass., for Sl-00.

For instrumental music see A'-tr Erils'-.S I£yZs by Edward MacDowefl, price SI. 55. JFooâ^Kd Shftcki-s fro9i an I^di^z Lz-^î by Edward MacDr-êil, pHce SI. 25, both published by G. Schirmer, 2 East -r5rd Street, Xew York City.

Books ox Costtmes

Tspo CttiiurUs of Costw^.f i'. A'rfiss by Alice Morse Earle. CojtuK^s aw.d Scf^sry by C. D. MacKay. Eggleston's Hiszcry cf th^ Ur.iz^d S:a:ss. School Hiszory bv Hart, published by the .\meiican Book Company Washing- ton Square, New York City, gives good plates in color.

65 Mary of Plymouth by James Otis, published by the American Book Com- pany, Washington Square, New York City, at 44 cents gives splendid illustrations of Pilgrims and Indian properties, costumes and interiors and exteriors.

Any well illustrated Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress.

Materials for Pilgrims costumes will be found in cotton cambric, unglazed; canton flannel; and cotton rep. It is a mistake to think as some people do, that the Pilgrims always wore black. They wore black, but also dark green, blue, gray, gray-green, and warm shades of maroon and bronze-brown. All Pilgrim women wore caps and their hair tucked up under them. Pilgrim girls wore their hair tucked under caps also. Pilgrim men and boys wore their hair "boxed".

From the Dennison Tissue Paper Company in any city where there is a branch of it, red brick paper at 25 cents a roll can be obtamed. This is excellent for Pil- grim fireplaces of a late date, 1635 and on. For earlier date there is gray stone paper for chimney places which can be bulked over rolled up newspapers to look just like a stone hearth. 25 cents a roll, 3 yards to the roll. Address Dennison Paper Company, 5th Avenue, and 27th Street, New York City. OFFERS OF SUPPORT

The Board of Governors of Sulgrave desires to acknowledge with thanks the offers of cooperation which have come from the Foreign Press Service, Community Motion Picture Bureau, Peat Canadian Lyceum Bureau and War Camp Community Service.

66 DANIEL WEBSTER ON THE PILGRIMS

From an address delivered one hundred years ago, for the people of today.

"If the blessings of our political and social condition have not been too highly estimated, we can not well over rate the responsibility and duty which they impose upon us. We hold these institutions of government, religion and learning, to be transmitted as well as enjoyed. We are in the line of conveyance, through which whatever has been obtained by the spirit and effects of our ancestors, is to be communicated to our children.

"I would invoke those who fill the seats of justice, and all who minister at her altar, that they execute the wholesome and necessary severity of the law.

"We are bound, not only to maintain the general principles of public liberty, but to support also those existing forms of government which have so well secured its enjoyment, and so highly promoted the public prosperity. "The hours of this day are rapidly flying, andthis occasion will soon be passed. Neither we nor our children can expect to behold its return. They are in the distant regions of futurity, they exist only in the all-creating power of God, who shall stand here a hundred years hence to trace, through us, their descent from the Pilgrims, and to survey, as we have now surveyed, the progress of their country, during the laspe of a century. We would anticipate their concurrence with us in our sentiments of deep regard for our common ancestors. We would anticipate and partake the pleasure with which they will then recount the steps of American advancement. On the morning of that day, although it will not disturb us in our repose, the voice of acclamation and gratitude, commencing on the Rock of Plymouth, shall be transmitted through millions of the sons of the Pilgrims, till it lose itself in the murmurs of the Pacific Seas.

"We would leave for the consideration of those who shall then occupy our places, some proof that we hold the blessings transmitted from our Fathers in just estimation; some proof of our attachment to the cause of good government, and of civil and

67 religious liberty; some proof of a sincere and ardent desire to promote everything which may enlarge the understandings, and improve the hearts of men. And when, from the longdistance of 100 years, they shall look upon us, they shall know, at least, that we possessed affections, which, running backward and warm- ing with gratitude for what our ancestors have done for our happiness, run forward also to our posterity, and meet them with cordial salutation, ere yet they have arrived on the shore of being. "Advance, then, ye future generations! We would hail you, as you rise in your long succession, to fill the places which we now fill, and to taste the blessings of existence where we are passing, and soon shall have passed, our own human duration. We bid you welcome to this pleasant land of the Fathers. We greet your accession to the great inheritance we have enjoyed. We welcome you to the blessings of good government and religious liberty. We welcome you to the treasures of science and the delights of learning. We welcome you to the transcendent sweets of domestic life, to the happiness of kindred, and parents, and children. We welcome you to the immeasurable blessings of rational existence, the immortal hope of Christianity, and the light of everlasting truth!" PROVINCETOWN AND THE PILGRIMS. A Provincetown Tercentenary Committee was formed on September 5th, 1919, for the purpose"of establishing a permanent memorial of the 300th anniversary in 1920, of the first landing of the Pilgrims here, and their life here and in the neighbor- hood, and of the founding of the Nation in our Harbor".

The Committee is composed of the Selectmen, the Special Town Committee, and delegates from all the town organizations, and from the neighboring towns on Cape Cod, OFFICERS EXECUTIVE BOARD

President —William H. Young. Vice-Presidents — Charles W. Hawthorne, Judge Walter Welsh, William B. Lawrence, Richard Miller. Treasurer— Edwin N. Paine. Executive Secretary —Charles N. Rogers, Selectman. —

Recording Secretary— Mrs. Henry Mottet. Assistant Secretary — Myrick C. Atwood. Captain John A. Cook. John A. Matheson. Wilbur D. Steele.

Special Congressional and State Committee to confer regarding appro- priations Wil'iam H. Young, Charles N. Rogers, Jerome S. Smith, William B. Lawrence, Thomas C. Thacher.

On December 13th a special committee was appointed as an addition to the Sulgrave Institution Committee to celebrate the Tercentenary, with Artemas P. Hannam as chairman.

69 INSCRIPTION ON THE PILGRIM MEMORIAL MONUMENT. PROVINCETOWN, MASS.

On November 21, 1620, the Mayflower, carrying 102 pass- engers, men and women and children, cast anchor in this harbor 61 days from Plymouth, England.

The same day the 41 adult males in the company had solemnly covenanted and combined themselves together into a "civill body Politick."

This body politick, established and maintained on this bleak and barren edge of a vast wilderness, a state without a king or a noble, a church without a bishop or a priest, a democratic commonwealth, the members of which were straitly tied to all care of each other's good, and of the whole by every one.

With long-suffering devotion and sober resolution they illus-

trated for the first time in history the principles of civil and religious liberty and the practice of a genuine democracy.

THEREFORE—the remembrance of them shall be perpetual in the vast republic that has inherited their ideals.

—Charles W. Eliot.

AMERICAN BEGINNINGS AT JAMESTOWN AND PLYMOUTH.

Three centuries ago—on the 30th day of July, 1619—there convened at "James City" in Virginia, the "Governor, Counsell of Estate and two Burgesses elected out of each Incorporation and Plantation," constituting the "General Assembly"—the first legislative body to meet on the soil of America. After invoking the blessing of Almighy God, that He should "guyde and sanctifie" the proceedings, the speaker of this mother of American Parliaments, after having twice read the "greate charter" of "Virginia Britannia.?" divided into "fower books," for the sake of expediency did refer the "aforesaide" to the "perusall" of "twoe comitties," which did reciprocally consider of either, and accordingly brought in their opinions. "But some men may here object," writes John Twine, first clerk of this first American Legislative Assembly, "to what ende

70 —

we should presume to referre that to the examination of the comitties which the Counsell and Company in England have already resolved to be perfect, and did expecte nothing of our assente thereunto? To this we answere that we did it not to the ende to correcte or controll anything therein contained, but only in case we should finde ought not perfectly squaring with the state of this colonie, or in lawe which did presse or binde two harde."

Thus sturdily speaks this first paragon of legislators, setting an example for those who should come after him and laying down a precedent for parliament of all times and all lands. MAYFLOWER COMPACT

One year, four months and twelve days later—November 11, 1620—in the cabin of a tiny bark lying off the Massachusetts coast, a little band of liberty-loving men, also from "Britannia", entered into a compact: 'Tn ye name of God, Amen. Doe by these presents solemnly and mutually, in ye presence of God and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves togeather into a Civill body politick for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of ye ends aforesaide and By Vertue Hearof to enacte, constitute and frame such just and equall lawes, ordnances. Acts, constitutions and offices from time to time as shall be thought most meete and con- venient for ye generall good of ye colonie. Unto which we promise a due submission and obdience." These two historic events marked the beginnings of that experimentation in self-government which, after a century and a half, was to find final expression in that modern democratic Magna Charta—that Instrument which "we, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, Establish Justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our posterity did ordain and establish"' as "the Constitution for the United States of America."

71 CONGREGATIONALISTS AND THE PILGRIM TERCENTENARY

Congregationalists the world over look upon themselves as the direct descendants spiritually of the Pilgrims who landed at Plymouth Rock three hundred years ago next December. Already for four years they have been carrying out a Tercentenary Pro- gram of study, evangelism, recruiting for service, increased missionary giving and the raising of a special memorial fund. They, therefore, come to the Tercentenary Year with quickened interest and forward looking plans.

Their principal contribution to the Tercentenary celebration will take the form of an International Congregational Council to be held in Boston, Mass., from June 29 to July 6, the eight days sessions to be packed full of stirring events.

The Council will be composed of four hundred voting members chosen by the several national Congregational organizations, 150 of them from the United States, 150 from the British Isles and 100 from other countries in which there are Congregational churches.

In addition to these voting members of the Council, every Congregational church in the world, of which there are over 12,000, has been invited to send a delegate or delegates who will be seated as corresponding members with all the privileges of members

except that of voting. It is expected that there will be several thousand of these delegates from churches present. In preparation for the Council meeting ten commissions representing the United States and Canada, and ten representing Great Britain, Australia and South Africa are formulating reports on great themes connected with Congregational history and influence. These reports are not to be read at the Council, but will be printed

and mailed to all delegrates chosen before May 1. It is expected that most of the addresses and discussions at the Council will be related to the themes treated in the commission reports.

On Sunday, July 4, it is planned to hold mass meetings which will be addressed by men of international reputation on the larger aspects of world brotherhood.

There will, of course, be special excursions with appropriate exercises to the places famous In Pilgrim history, such as Provlnce-

72 town, Plymouth, etc. These excursions will be a most interesting and important part of the celebration.

It is also hoped to have an exhibit illustrative of Pilgrim life and Congregational history that will be worthy of the occasion, and which will attract the attention of multitudes who have known little of the significance of our early history.

Clifford H. Smith.

73 —

SULGRAVE FINANCIAL STATEMENT

Statement of Cash Receipts and Disbursements for the Period

June 1, 1918, to June 1, 1919

Balance June 1, 1918 3 5,100.06 Total Cash Receipts 4,679.50

Total 3 9,779 . 56 DISBURSEMENTS Salaries, stenographers and clerks $ 3,700.01 Account, financial manager, 594.92 Office expenses, including traveling, etc 1,489.99 Telegraph and telephone 152.65

Stationery and Printing 1,445 . 84

Postage 293 . 19

Rent 392 . 15

Miscellaneous expenses 779 . 84 Meetings 433.06

Total disbursements $ 9,281 .65

Balance June 1, 1919, on deposit with J. P. Morgan & Co 3 497.91

(Signed), Joseph G. Butler, Jr., Treasurer. Parley Morse & Company, Certified Public Accountants, 61 Broadway, New York. FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRINCE OF WALES DINNER

Total Receipts 3 11,563.91 Total Disbursements 11,256.65

Unexpended Balance on hand 3 307.27

Statement January 1, 1919—January 1, 1920 Cash Receipts: Founders 3 26,000 00 Fellows 12,750.00 Life Memberships 1,250.00 Ten Year Memberships

Memberships 382 . 50 Contributions 3,257.00

Total Cash Receipts 3 43,639 . 50

74 —

Disbursements: Salaries, clerical work 6,150.85

Postage 471 . 20 Rent 492.97 Telephone and telegraph 535 .90

Office expense 1,400 . 89

Stationery and printing 2,625 . 83 Furniture and fixtures 104.75 Books and clippings 34.45 Newspaper publicity 71 .25

Traveling expense 1,103 . 58

Luncheons 771 . 27 Miscellaneous expenses 214. 28

Lawyers Club 221 . 74

Total Disbursements 314,198.96 Excess of Receipts over Disbursements 29,440. 54 Balance, December 31, 1918 401.54 Cash Balance, December 31, 1919 3 29,842.08

NOTE.—The Sulgrave Institution pays no salary and gives no honorarium to any of its members; the Chairman and other officers serve without remuneration and salaries are paid only to the office force and to a financial secretary and manager. SULGRAVE'S PROSPECTIVE FOUNDATION ENDOWMENTS

The following items relate to the general plan and purpose of The Sulgrave Institution in reference of the erection of foundation endowments to enable it to carry out some of the purposes for which it was organized. Several of these items are in prospect of consummation; but generally speaking, the Institution makes appeal to its supporters everywhere for contributions big and little for any of the following purposes:

1. To meet cost of bust of George Washington, including memorial bronze base, etc., transportation, unveiling, etc., St. Paul's Cathedral, London, England $ 5,000 00

2. To meet cost of bust of George Washington, including memorial bronze base, etc., transportation, unveiling, etc., Liverpool 5,000.00

3. Bust of George Washington for Sulgrave Manor, ancestral home of George Washington, Northamptonshire, England 1,500.00

4. Bust of George Washington for Bristol 1 ,500 . 00

5. 12 British and French Scholarships, New York State Agricultural School and the High School at Morrisville, Madison County,

N. Y.,— Money already provided for 6 scholarships—annuajly. . . 8,400.00

6. 3 Scholarships, Colgate University, annually 3,600.00

7. 6 Scholarships, 3 for men and 3 for women, Alfred University, annually 7,200.00

75 8. 34 Scholarships for Cambridge University England, 2 for each

College of the University, each annually •. 1,500.00 9. For Tercentenary celebration, to carry out educational plan and public celebrations, minimum of 250,000.00

Note:— Sulgrave's plans include a general educational program in re free institutions of the English-speaking world, with particular reference to develop-

ment of same, beginning with Mayflower Compact and meeting of first American Legislative Assembly, Jamestown, Va., July 30, 1619. Item. Endowment fund for Sulgrave Institution, including annual budget, purchase and maintenance of a house as permanent headquarters, as well as to found a popular Chair to be known as "The Sulgrave Institution Lectureship", income from $ 500,000.

Item. For publication first four numbers of Sulgrave Quarterly Review 3 10,000.

Note:— It is the expectation of the Institution to make the Review self-sup- porting after the first year.

Item. General Lectureship Bureau, to include exchange of educators; use of moving pictures, stereopticon, educational monographs and other educational publications—income from. .31,000,000.00

Item. Exchange of scholars of secondary schools— i. e., American boys and girls to England, Canada and elsewhere and boys and girls from various parts of the British Empire to American high schools, etc.,—income from 31,000,00.00 or more Item. Exchange of working newspaper men chosen by international committees of editors, under which plan a number of American newspaper men will be invited to take up a five years residence in various parts of the British Empire, or elsehwcre in the world, for purpose of study; and, conversely, an equal number of newspaper men from various parts of the British Empire and elsewhere, to take up a five years residence in the United States, the ultimate purpose being to educate and enlighten a corps of highly trained specialists

in interpreting the life, spirit, genius, etc., etc., of the respective peoples of the English-speaking nations the one to the other. To carry out this plan will require an annual expense for each person of between 38,000. and 310,000. This would necessitate, in order to make the work effective, the income from an endowment of 32,500,000. up. IMPORTANT NOTICE

At a meeting of the Sulgrave Board held January 9th at the Lawyers Club the following resoK. ion was suggested by the Chair, offered and unanimously approved:

Resolved, That a committee to consist of Theodore E. Burton, Charles E. Hughes, Alton B. Parker, James M. Beck, Edward W. Hatch and Charles

76 Stewart Davidson be created with authority to draft a trusteeship to rec(-ive, invest and manage the expenditure of funds contributed for foundations, or for other special purposes, and to distribute the incomes received therefrom for the purposes for which they are intended to be used and under the direction of the Board of Governors. Attest: Andrew B. Humphrey, Secretary, The Sulgrave Institution.

Attention is respectfully called to the following Treasury Department Decision:

Treasury Department Washington Office of Commissioner of Internal Revenue

The Sulgrave Institution, Suite 3903, Woolworth Building, New York, N. Y.

Sirs: Reference is made to your letter of July 14, 1919, with which you enclosed a -copy of the Certificate of Incorporation of The Sulgrave Institution and asked to be advised whether contributions made thereto may be deducted in calculating the donor's net income subject to the income tax.

In reply you are advised that from a review of the purposes for which The Sulgrave Institution was formed, as set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation,

whch appear to be of an educational character, this office is of the opinion that contributions made thereto may be deducted in calculating the donor's net in- •come for income tax purposes, to the extent provided in paragraph 11, Section 214 (a) of the Revenue Act of 1918. Respectfully, (Signed) Daniel C. Roper, Commissio7ur.

Perley Morse & Company Certified Public Accountants 61 Broadway, New York September 30, 1919. The Sulgrave Institution, New York, N. Y.

•Gentlemen:

Referring to the letter of September 18, 1919, addressed to you and signed

by Hon. Daniel C. Roper, Commissioner of Internal Revenue, in which it is ruled

that your Institution is of an educational character, it is our opinion that contributions to the Institution are of the character which may be deducted by an individual to the extent of not more than fifteen per cent. (15%) of his net income in arriving at the amount of his income which is subject to the Federal Income

77 Tax. This is in accordance with Paragraph 11, Section 214 (a) of the Revenue

Act of 1918. The following is an illustration:

Contributions allowed to Net Income. be deducted (15 So of Net Income). 325,000.00 33,150.00 50,000.00 7,500.00 75,000.00 11,250.00 100,000.00 15,000.00 250,000.00 37,500.00 500,000.00 75,000.00 750,000.00 112,500.00 1,000,000.00 150,000.00 Respectfully submitted, (Signed) Perley Morse & Co.,

Certifii-d Public Jccountatils. WHAT THE SULGRAVE MOVEMENT FOR FRIENDSHIP HAS ACCOMPLISHED.

Generally speaking, the work of the Centenary Committee and of the Sulgrave Institution, its successor, has been distinctly productive of a betterment of feeling between Americans and their kin of the British Commonwealth and of a decidedly better understanding of one another on the part of those who are associated in the Sulgrave movement throughout the world and of those with whom this movement has come into contact. Specifically, apart from a number of international confer- ences, held to further American-British friendship, in New York, Boston, Montreal, Ottawa, and cities of the Canadian West, Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Philadelphia, Richmond, New Orleans, St. Augustine, St. Louis, Detroit, Cleveland, Chicago, St. Paul, San Francisco, Portland, Seattle, and in numerous other cities and towns, that part of the Centenary Celebration which was held despite the war brought together hundreds of thousands of people, inspired the American and British press to treat the subject with liberal publicity, which brought literally before millions of people at ceremonies in churches and in convocations elsewhere the criminal folly of permitting those whose motives were against the world's best interests to drive a w^edge of hatred between the Republic and the Commonwealth. Beginning with Pax Britannica, author Harry S. Perris of London, the Sulgrave American-British friendship movement

78 produced among others the following serious and interesting works on the meaning of the American-British friendship, etc., etc.

The British Empire and the United States— Official Cen- tenary History by Prof. Dunning of Columbia University, with foreword by Nicholas Murray Butler. Annals of the War of 1S12— Prof. Harper of Quebec. History of Anglo-American Relations by Henry Cabot Lodge, written for The Outlook, through the inspiration of the late William B. Howland, Chairman Committee of International Organization.

Biography of Albert Gallatin, relating particularly to his work in negotiating the Ghent Treaty. America One Hundred Years Ago. Gaillard Hunt. Book of Anglo-American Friendship and Good-Will, London, 1914. These and many other volumes were published, besides numerous review articles, pamphlets, etc., etc.

In 1914, despite the war, great celebrations were held in Put In Bay, Lake Erie and at Plattsburgh, where, in each event, the bones of American and British sailors and soldiers were placed together under one inspiring monument; memorial tablets were erected in Wilmington, St. Louis, Seattle and in other places; and in several instances highways were built between the Lnited States and Canada in commemoration of the event.

Sulgrave Manor was purchased by a group of British friends of America, and with American and British money the Manor property is being rehabilitated and embellished to make it permanently a pleasant and significant place of pilgrimage for all who revere the name of Washington and regard friendship among English-Speaking peoples as absolutely essential to the world's peaceful progress.

In return for this great gift of Sulgrave, public spirited Americans, among these conspicuously Mr. and Mrs. Charles Phelps Taft, have given a Barnard statue of Lincoln to the City of Manchester, and in the name of American friendship; and, as announced b}^ the British Committee, Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, Mr. Elihu Root, Mr. Robert Lincoln and others have

79 given a replica of the St. Gaudens statue, now in Lincoln Park, Chicago, to the City of London, which statue will be erected on the Canning enclosure, opposite Westminster Abbey, a site chosen for this statue nearly six years ago by representatives of the American Peace Centenary Celebration Committee, then in London.

A medal in bronze, silver and gold was struck off in celebration of the Century of Peace, one of which medals was presented to the King of England and another to the President of the United States. IMPORTANT NOTICE

The Sulgrave Institution is about to publish a pamphlet on the subject of the Tercentenary containing full details. At the request of the Institution Thomas Cook & Son, 245 Broadway, New York, have prepared an itinerary for those Americans who desire to visit Great Britain next year in connection with the Tercentenary celebration, which will be supplemented by the itinerary of a trip to Holland at the time of the Nether- lands celebration. The cost of this tour will be in the neigh- borhood of ^1,300.

80 BARNARD'S LINCOLN GIVEN TO MANCHESTER BY MR. AND MRS. TAFT THROUGH SULGRAVE

In 1913, during the visit to the United States of a delegation of members of the One Hundred Years of Peace Celebration Com- mittees from England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Australia, Cana- da and New Foundland, who were guests of the American Cen- tenary Celebration Committee, a desire was expressed on the part of the English delegates that the proposed gift by the American Committee to the people of Great Britain and Ireland of a statue of Lincoln should take the form of a replica of the famous St. Gaudens statue in Chicago. The American Committee accepted this suggestion and in formal resolution; but the early advent of the war brought to naught three separate efforts that were made to raise money to purchase and set up in London a replica of the St. Gaudens and at a cost of about 340,000 to 350,000. Finally, subsequent to the failure of the third attempt to raise a fund for the St. Gaudens replica, the suggestion was made to Mr. and Mrs. Charles Phelps Taft that the cause of American-British friendship could be well subserved if they were generously to give to the people of Great Britain, through The Sulgrave Institution, a replica of George Gray Barnard's famous conception of Abraham Lincoln erected in Cincinnati as a gift to that city by Mr. and Mrs. Taft.

Mr. and Mrs. Taft at once responded that it would gratify them deeply to make this gift; and Mr. Barnard fell in equally heartily with the proposal.

It was decided at this time, early in 1917, to make this gift at once, because of the underlying sentiment attached to the matter, which would tend to strengthen the tie of friendship between the two nations, and help to bring to naught the subtle effort then making to foster enmity between these two English- speaking nations. A special committee, through Sulgrave, was organized as sponsors for the gift, with the President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, as the Honorary Head, and with former Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft, Secretary of the Treasury McAdoo, Secretary of the Navy Daniels, Secretary of the Interior Lane, Secretary of War Baker, Postmaster General Burleson, Herbert Hoover and Cardinal Gibbons, conspicuous in membership.

81 Owing to lack of cargo space, however, the shipment of the statue was delayed until February, 1919, when it was freighted to Manchester, to be erected in that city whose citizens were be- loved by Abraham Lincoln as a testimonial of good-will and fair understanding. The presentation was made at a public meeting in the town Hall, presided over by the Lord Mayor of Manchester, the presentation speech being made by John A. Stewart, Chair- man of the Board of Governors of The Sulgrave Institution and Chairman of the Executive of the Lincoln Presentation Committee, and accepted on behalf of the municipality by the Lord Mayor and the Board of Alderman of the city. The matter of the selection of a site was left to Mr. Stewart as arbiter among five different opinions; and he finally chose an oval in Piatt's Field, the great playground of the city, with the understanding that after Manchester had built her great art gallery and municipal building in the very center of that mighty town, the statue should be moved from Piatt's Field and placed at a point selected in front of the municipal building.

At a meeting of The Sulgrave Institution held in New York in May, after Mr. Stewart's return from England, Judge Alton B. Parker, Chancellor of the Institution, accepted an invitation to go to England to deliver the oration upon the occasion of the unveiling of the statue in September.

82 MR. PERRIS'S REPORT OF THE UNVEILING OF THE BARNARD LINCOLN.

I have just returned from Euston Station after bidding goodbye to Judge Parker, and I am sending this note by my brother, George Herbert Perris, so that you may get it immediately on arrival of the 'Baltic' and have the earliest information^of the great success of Judge Parker's visit.

Judge Parker arrived at Liverpool on Monday, September S, and was met at our request by the acting American Consul —who conveyed to him on behalf of the Lord Mayor and other Liverpool gentlemen an invitation to visit the City if possible during his stay. He came on to London the next day, Tuesday the 9, where I met him. On Wednesday the 10, I arranged for him an interview with a body of reporters at our office and he gave out an interview which appeared widely in our papers. On Thursday the 11, the Judge went out to Brasted Chart in Kent and lunched and spent the afternoon with Lord Weardale, at his country place Weardale Manor. On Friday the 12, he spent the afternoon as the guest of Mr. Henry Vivian in viewing the Hampstead Garden Suburb, and at night dined with the American Ambassador, and met Viscount Grey, the newly-appointed Special Ambassador to the United States. On Saturday the 13, he and L along with Stephen Reid, the artist, visited Sulgrave Manor where the Judge formally handed over to me the cheque for 32,000 sent bjr the Colonial Dames,—an acknowledgment of which I have sent to the Treasurer, Mrs. Cassatt. On Sunday the 14, the Judge along with a little party, including Mr. Harold Howland, Professor Sir Sidney Lee, the Countess of Sandwich, Colonel Chapman Huston and myself went to Manchester to take part in the ceremonies on September 15 and 16 in connection with the unveiling of the Barnard Statue of Lincoln.

On arrival at Manchester we were met by the Lord Mayor wearing his chain of office, the Lady Mayoress, and a number of members of the Corporation. (I should have said above that the American Ambassador, also joined our party in London and went with us to Manchester). The Judge and the Ambassador were then driven by the Lord Mayor to the Town Hall where they remained his guests during our two days visit. The rest of us were taken to the Midland Hotel, where rooms and hospitality were provided for us as the guests of the Manchester

Corporation. The following is a very brief summary of the tremendous time we had in Manchester on Monday and Tuesday last, the 15h and 16th instant.

Monday, 15th. At 9:45 A. M. the Lord Mayor with the Town Hall Party called for us and we made a visit to the famous and beautiful Rylands Library, where the Curators showed us the chief of their great Literary treasures, belonging to the former Spencer and other famous collections. These included unique copies of some of the earliest printed books, and many other most interesting documents and volumes. The magnificent building and its contents were greatly admired by us all. From the Rylands Library we went on to visit Chetham's Hospital and Library, with the exception of the Cathedral, the most historic building in Manchester. We were shown all over this wonderful old building by the Governors, heard the little boys in their quaint mediaeval costume render some lovely songs, and were all much moved when they gave us a perfect rendering of

83 the "Batt'e Hymn of the Republic." The Judge and Ambassador were photo- graphed talking to the little boys, and you will see a view of this in the next day's issue of the Manchester Guardian, one or two copies I am sending you herewith, (with others to follow for distribution) and which contains the best report of the proceedings. At one o'clock we were the guests at Luncheon of the Lord Mayor at the Town Hall and the Ambassador made an eloquent speech in response to the toast of "Anglo American Friendship; the foundation of the world's peace", whilst Judge Parker responded most admirably to the toast of "the health of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Phelps Taft, donors of the Barnard Statue to the City of Man- chester." The Luncheon over, we all entered carriages at the Town Hall, the Judge and Ambassador being in the first carriage with the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress; with an escort of mounted police and in company with the leading members of the Corporation, and many other leading citizens of Manchester, we drove for 25 minutes through the City to Piatt Fields Park, where the Statue was to be unveiled. A large crowd had assembled there and we were favoured with the most beautiful sunny weather I ever remember in Manchester. After prayer bjr the Dean the Lord Mayor called upon Judge Parker to give his Address, which he read in a splendid loud voice which carried well through the assembly. At the

close of the Address the I ord Mayor unveiled the Statue which was greatly admired and which contained on its base the inscription agreed upon and of which

I will in due course send you a photo. We then returned in procession to the Town Hall and after a short rest dressed and had dinner with the Lord Mayor and members of the Corporation. Afterwards the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress gave a great reception at the Town Hall which was attended by over 1,000 people

including ail the leading people of Mancheter, representing every branch of public activity. Thus ended a most busy, successful and memorable day.

Tuesday, September 16. In the morning we were the guests of the Chair- man and Directors of the Ship Canal Company, and under their guidance were driven to the Ship Canal down which we sailed for some distance and visited the splendid docks —inspected warehouses, locks, etc., etc. This wonderful enter- prise was fully explained to us and all the business people were delighted to have Judge Parker in their midst and show him what Manchester commerical enter- prise had done, and was capable of. We then returned to the Midland Hotel where a Luncheon was given to us by the Directors of the Ship Canal Company, —in the same room where President Wilson was recently entertained. Here again the Judge gave a most charming address which was listened to with great delight by the large company which included the Bishop, the Vice Chancellor of the University, the Lord Mayor, and many other distinguished citizens. After this we went to the Chamber of Commerce, where before a crowded audience Judge Parker gave a farewell address under the title of "England and America after the War.'' The Judge got a splendid hold on his hearers, who included most of the leading commercial men of Manchester. They cheered him loudly and all expressed the wish that he might soon come to Manchester again.

After this we returned to London and this morning, to our great regret, we have had to bid farewell to Judge Parker on his return home.

The above is but an outline and bald account of a crowded two days series of ceremonies in Manchester which were more successful and brilliant than anything

84 of the kind I can remember in this country. The Judge made a splendid figure throughout and entirely won the hearts of the Manchester people. Mr. and Mrs. Taft and George Grey Barnard may be satisfied to know that their wonderful statue was unveiled in the great city of Manchester under the most splendid auspices, and with every possible success. The account in the Manchester Guar- dian which I send you will show you how deeply this splendid gift has been .appreciated. Our only regret has been that the Judge came here whdeso many of our leading people were out of London and that his stay was of necessity so deplorably short. We had letters from the Prime Minister, the Lord Mayor, Earl Reading, and a number of other prominent people, all of whom wanted to see Judge Parker. The American Luncheon Club wanted to give him a Luncheon in London and I had arranged a round of visits for him to Sheffield, Bristol, Birmingham, South- ampton and Plymouth, at all of which he would have had a fine reception. For this we must wait for another visit which I hope will be a longer one, but my duty

and pleasure is to assure you that Judge Parker's visit has been a tremendous success, his personality has charmed everybody and his commg amongst us to visit Sulgrave Manor, and to attend the unveiling in Manchester has been of great assistance to our common cause here in England. We are deeply grateful to him for making the visit.

Harry S. Perris London, Eng., Sept. 15, 1919. JUDGE PARKER'S ADDRESS

Ten years ago there was organized in the United States "The American Com- mittee for the Celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of Peace among English-speaking Peoples".

It had for its Honorary Chairman, Theodore Roosevelt; for its Honorary Vice-Chairmen, among others, Joseph H. Choate, Elihu Root, William Jennings Bryan and Adlai E. Stevenson. Its Chairman was Andrew Carnegie. John A. Stewart was the Executive Chairman. It purposed to celebrate the One Hun- dredth Anniversary of the Treaty of Ghent, and the fact that under it for a century the longest international boundary in the world, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific, with 3840 miles of opportunity for trouble, had neither been watched nor guarded by fort, gun-boat, soldier or policeman. Some of the opportunities for trouble were of such magnitude as would have led to war between nations not possessed of a longing as were your nation and ours, to settle national differences like those of individuals, through peaceful methods. Among the chances for strife were:

1. The Northeastern Boundary. 2. The boundary at Passamaquoddy Bay. 3. The boundary along the Great Lakes. 4. The liability to pay for slaves. 5. The Northwestern boundary in the Columbia River vicinity, the United States contending for the line denominated fifty-four forty. 6. The claims of Hudson Bay Company and Puget's Sound Agri- cultural Company. 7. The St. Albans Raid Claims. 8. The claims for American fishing in Canadian waters. 9. The boundary at Vancouver Island. 10. The Behring Sea Seal Fishing. 11. The Alaska Boundary; and 12. The rights of American fishermen off the North Atlantic coast and in the St. Lawrence River.

Each of these disputes has been amicably settled. None, however serious, has left any rancor in its wake to prejudice a settlement of later disputes.

It was thought of the men who organized the American Committee and became prominent in its workings, that a suitable celebration of such an event should begin in Ghent, where the Treaty was signed, and on its One Hundredth Anni- versary prominent public men of both nations and Canada should participate. That this should be followed by celebrations in England and along and throughout the boundary line between Canada and the United States. Such celebrations it was fondly believed would not only strengthen the friendly relations which, had been slowly but firmly building between our countries, but would also focus the attention of the people of the whole world upon the demonstrated fact that nations can, if they will, settle their differences, either through diplomacy or arbitration. A policy strongly favored by both of our countries. But the leading purpose was, of course, to bring the two great English- speaking nations into such strong fellowship that they should ever continue to settle their difficulties by peaceful methods, as in the century past. The Com- mittee was no more unmindful than you, that the Declaration of Independence, followed by a number of years of fighting between the Sons of England and the descendants of the Sons of England, brought about a considerable measure of friction between the kindred on opposite sides of the Atlantic. For kindred they were. 91 per cent of the population in the thirteen states at the beginning of the Revolution was of English stock.

86 Moreover, the Committee knew that persistent efForts were being made in our country to create a hostile feeling toward England.

Prominent Americans of either German birth or descent, refused to join our organization. All this was understood fairly well when Ambassador Von Bern- stofF manifested his unfriendliness towards this organization, which sought to signalize a century's achievement in the direction of unwatched and unguarded boundaries. However, it was the firm conviction of the members of the new organization in the United States that the time had come to lay old differences, and upon that foundation to erect a solid structure of national friendship. The ideals of the two nations are much the same, and there seems to be quite sufficient reason for it in the fact that we speak the same language, are inheritors of the same literature and each blessed with a system of jurisprudence founded upon the Common Law of England, the States having adopted the Common Law by Con- stitutions, in which they have also incorporated the great principles of English liberty which cost you a struggle of nearly five hundred years.

In the circumstances to which I have so briefly referred, we thought it but natural that two wholesome peoples should come to think very much alike, and if each were educated to think well of the other, they would come, in the course of time, to be helpful, the one to the other, in the elevation of the standards of citizenship and in properly considering the obligation of each to the family of nations. A friendship thus brought about — a very different friendship than that resulting from a mere bargain or agreement between the heads of two Governments to stand together—would, it was believed, result in the end, in Great Britain and the United States using their combined influence for the peace of the world and the good of humanity. The friendship of the two peoples, from which friendly governments would naturally result, seemed to the founders of the organization worthy of their best efForts.

Two years later, and in May, 1913, the pleasure was mine of delivering an address of welcome in the City of New York to a distinguished party of English- men, headed by Lord Wearedale, who came to take counsel with the Canadian representatives and ourselves as to the character of this celebration and the details. That our people were at that time becoming very much interested in a closer relationship between Great Britain and the United States, is most strikingly illustrated by the fact that in September of that very year, the American Bar Association, approximately 10,000 members, coming from every state in the Union, held its annual meetmg, not in its own country, but in Montreal, Canada. It invited the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, the Right Honorable Richard Burdon Haldane, to deliver the annual address. The invitation was accepted, and the distinguished speaker was presented to the Association by the head of the Judicial System of the United States, Chief Justice White.

Under the leadership of the "American Committee", and in furtherance of the general plan of celebration which had been agreed upon in May of 1913, when Lord Wearedale and his party came to us, a great Convention was held on Macki- nac Island, situated midway between the United State and Canada. Delegates came to that Convention who were appointed, by the Governors of every State extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. From the provinces of Canada and also from the organizations in each country, then aggregating many thousands of public-spirited citizens, who believed that the race that was heard from in no uncertain tones at Runnymede and Bunker Hill, will forever stand for the great principles of liberty enunciated in England, and later incorporated into our several Constitutions, and believed, too, that they should stand together for the wider recognition of the doctrine that there can be no controversy between nations which cannot be solved by peaceful means.

I presided over the Mackinac Island Convention, which had a successful meeting, lasting three days. And when it adjourned, there was not a war cloud

87 in siglit of the delegates. And yet, in a little over two weeks, six nations were at war. We greatly regretted that the war compelled the putting aside of the plans of celebration. Some feared that such efforts toward friendship were doomed to failure. But looking back over all the events that have since transpired we can see that the closer ties for which we were working have come in a measure greater by f.ir than our imaginations conceived. We, m America, have watched Great Britain in its glorious conduct of a war which cost her dearly. We know—aye, all the world knows now, that her pledge of the last man and the last dollar would have been forthcoming, had there been need. It is well worth while for any nation to count such a nation among its friends, and today I make bold to say that •;ve do count your nation among our friends. Our Government could not have taken our nation into the war when Great Britain went, if it had tried to do so. Washington had warned our people against entangling alliances abroad. His warning was accepted by people and statesmen for over a century, until it seemed a part of the unwritten law.

"It is always an impressive sight when an idea takes possession of the millions and wields the living mass as if it were its soul." That sight we saw at home. More than a hundred millions of people, barring some Germans and Austrians, and their sympathizers, came at last to the belief that unless they helped the Allies, our nation, and perhaps the whole world, might in the end become the slaves of Germany. The realization of such a possibility opened their eyes. Broader vision brought the conviction that Washington's views, sound when we were a small and isolated nation, have no application now that our nation is full-grown, and isolation exists nowhere on eartii, except at the poles. To those who pointed out the fearful loss of life and the cost in treasure that would ensue our entry into the war there came from all over the country the response: "God has so prospered this nation that it has come to have 5;reat power— a power that is needed to turn the scales for the good of humanity. Undoubtedly it was and is part of the Divine plan that we should exercise that power. And we must. Compelled at the last by our sympathy with the righteous cause of the Allies and by our conviction that we were called to share in the defense of freedom, we were swept into line as if marshalled by the power that commands all things. While our entry was belated, and, under the circumstances, as I feel, ex- cusably so, it will jiot be claimed that we failed to play a manly part after we were in. We think you saw in us something of the spirit, energy, courage and dogged determination to win, which is characteristic of your people and your Government. We believe you are convinced, as are our people, that working together we can help to keep the peace of the world. Moreover, we shall know at the outset, that if we agree to act in a definite way, the pledge of both nations will be kept, come what will. With such a foundation of respect, confidence and good will, we can con- fidentlv undertake the building up of an enduring friendship between our peoples. One ofthe organizations devoted to that work is the SULGRAVE INSTITUTION. There is a branch of it here in England, and another branch in the United States. The men in it from the United States are for the most part recruited from the membership of the American Committee of 1909 and 1914. For the name "Sulgrave Institution" we are indebted to the wise and generous Englishmen who bought Sulgrave Manor, the ancestral home in England of George Washing- ton, our first President, whose memory is loved and revered by every American citizen. This generous act warmed our hearts, and the American Branch has sent its Chancellor to present to you, in its behalf, a monument of another Presi- dent, of whom, in our country, we often speak as "The Immortal Lincoln." It should be said that the Sulgrave Institution is able to make this presentation, because one of its Governors, Mr. Charles P. Taft, and his good wife, gave us the statue, which is the work of the famous sculptor, George Grey Barnard. As this gift indicates, the donors are among the foremost of our public-spirited citizens in their effort for the general good. As useful in the field they have chosen —

for helpfulness as their brother, Ex-President Taft is in his. To them the Sul- grave Institution at home owes a debt which it is not possible to pay. This monument which we leave with you as an earnest expression of our good will and of our desire for agreeable and mutually helpful relations during all the future, is of one who was a President of the United States during the tim; when the question was settled forever that ours is a Union of Statss, one and insepara- ble. As an incident of that controversy, four millions of slaves were made free, and slavery abolished forever in the United States. With the exception of George Washington, the memory of no one of our Presidents is today treasured with such affectionate regard as that of Lincoln. And through the wise generositj' of some of your people, Washington, together with the English home of his ancestors, will furnish the inspiration, by virtue of which the Sulgrave Institution of England and America, will work wonders for the cause of enduring friendship between our nations. Moreover, Lincoln, the President, ideally represents the United States as she was from the beginning and is today. The real truth is that his rise is no different from that of many men from the earliest days of our history, coming out of an ancestry of honest, industrious and courageous men and loyal, chaste. God- fearing women, compelled to aid in the family labors as soon as able to do so, and complying cheerfully too, acquiring knowledge after the tasks of the day were done, sometimes by the glow of a pine knot, and later by the light of candle or lamp; borrowing a book here and there, and returning them. In Lincoln's boyhood home there were but three books, the Bible, Aesop's Fables and Pilgrim's Progress, — books that he so thoroughly studied that they became of wondrous value to him in his public career. Lincoln, like others, borrowed books from the neighbors, and one interesting story is of his borrowing a Life of Washington by Weems, from a neighbor named Crawford. That evening Lincoln read until the tallow dip burned out, and then the house, being built of logs, he slipped the book between two of them. During the night a rain storm came, and soaked many of the pages of the book. Straight to Crawford went the boy, told him of this misfortune, and asked that he might work for him until the book was paid for. The proposition was accepted. Three days of work were performed and the half-ruined book was his to master. This story is not new, but it shows the character of the boy Lincoln.

About no man in the United States has so much been written and spoken much of it written by men of his generation, and some by admirers of the present generation.

And the end is not yet, although nothing new about him can be presented. Black said of him:^

"Whoever imparts a new view of his character must tell it to the newborn, to "whom all things are new, for to the intelligent and mature, his name and "virtues have been long familiar. His was the power that commanded ad- "miration and the humanity that invited love; mild but inflexible, just, but "merciful; great, but simple. He possessed a head that commanded men "and a heart that attracted babes. His conscience was strong enough to "bear continual use. It was not alone for public occasions nor great emer- "gencies. It was never a capital, but always a chart. It was never his ser- "vant, to be dismissed at will, but his companion to be always at his side. "It was with him, but never behind him, for he knew that a pursuing con- "science is an accuser, and not a guide, and brings remorse instead of com- "fort. His greatness did not depend upon his title, for greatness was his "when the title was bestowed. He leaned upon no fiction of nobility, and "kissed no hand to obtain his rank, but the stamp of nobility and power "which he wore was conferred upon him in that log hut in Kentucky, that "day in 1809, when he and Nancy Hanks were first seen there together. And "it was conferred by a power which, unlike earthly potentates, never confers

89 "a title without a character that will adorn it. When we understand the "tremendous advantages of a humble birth, when we realize that the priva- "tions of youth are the pillars of strength to maturer years, then we shall "cease to wonder that out of such obscure surroundings as watched the "coming of Abraham Lmcoln should spring the colossal and supreme figure "of modern history." He was born February 12, 1809, became a member of the Legislature of the State of Illinois at twenty-five, and by reason of subsequent annual elections, served in that body for a period of eight years. In 1846, when he was 37, his party cast about for a candidate for Congress in a district deemed hopeless. The opposing candidate was Peter Cartright — the most famous of all pioneer preachers —so that, in the hope of carrying the district, Lincoln was the first and last choice. He was successful by an ample majority, and served a single term of two sessions, beginning in December, 1847, and ending March 4, 1849. There has been a tendency to belittle or overlook this phase of Lincoln's public life. Considering the circumstances, it was a won- derfully interesting, as well as a successful episode in his life — a fitting introduction to the wider career upon which he then entered. He had been admitted to the Bar at 27 years of age, and achieved a considerable measure of success. Riding the circuit, as was the custom in those days, he had opportunity to and did meet the leaders of the Bar of his State. He was prevented from attaining the leading position at the Bar, however, because of his efl^orts to render high public service. That service took so much of his time from that exacting profession, the law, that undisputed leadership at the Bar was not for him. THE DEBATE WITH DOUGLAS

Lincoln had early taken a strong, though conservative position on the slavery question, best exemplified by his protest in 1837 against a Leglislative Resolution on the subject. He and a colleague united in declaring their belief that "The institution of slavery is founded both on injustice and bad policy; but that the promulgation of abolition doctrines tends rather to increase than abate its evils." In these words 'vill be found the key to his oosition during the remainder of his life, and nothing could move him from it. He never abandoned either of the policies involved in this declaration, and they were to give him in due time the support that he needed. In 1858, as the candidate of the Republican Partv for United States Senator from Illinois, he challenged Steven A. Douglas, the Democratic nominee, and then a member of the Senate and a candidate for re-election, to a joint debate. The one confident, well-entrenched public figure of his time was Steven A. Douglas. As Senator from Illinois, strong, confident, over-bearing in his personal position and attitude, and yet a born compromisor, he had been able fairly to hold the balance in his party upon the slavery question which had then become the only one in politcs. Ambitious, resourceful, drawing his supporters with hooks of steel, he was on,e of the most virile figures ever seen in our larger public life. While the contest was plainly hopeless, it was necessary to confront this successful man with the best that his opponents could muster, and Lincoln stood ready for the work. And it was the most remarkable contest thus far seen in all our history. Whatever else may come, whatever the changes of our politics, there can never be another such political tourney. The time, the men, the single issue which then divided our people, the public interest and excitement — these may be simulated but they cannot be reproduced. American politics will never see another Douglas-Lincoln Debate, or anything fairly resembling it. It was more than politics for our fathers, those hearty pioneers —it'was the drama carried into real life, and represented by two unsurpassed actors. It brought immediate success to Douglas, and enduring fame to Lincoln, and forced to a settlement the issue which they debated with so much spirit and candor. "A house divided against itself cannot stand; I believe this Government cannot endure permanent-

90 ly, half slave and half free," —the famous declaration of Lincoln, —was to become the watchword of the people, assert itself on many a battlefield and find accep- tance at last in every section of a great country. Lincoln lost the Senatorship to Douglas, but his speeches in that debate won for him two years later the nomi- nation and the election to the Presidency.

The rest of the story is logical, a necessity in the nature of things. It was inevitable that the man who had turned a great and dangerous movement into conservative lines, had inspirited the halting, curbed the unreasonable and brought them both upon the same platform, should be their chosen leader in a crisis. The time had come when the pioneer mind was to find recognition, and, through the mists of party, we can now see that Lincoln was its prophet. Looking back over our history it is surprising, in how many cases we can perceive that, in the day of need, some leader has arisen in a country or in a State, or even in a city, certamly in an army, whose merits were obvious and who, in the nature of events, has been brought to the front. That such a one was necessary, the only man, it would be difficult to maintain, but it would be impossible, in most instances, to choose the alternative name. Whether any other man's leadership could have preserved the Union we know not; only this we do know; Lincoln's did.

THE STRUGGLE FOR THE UNION

One month and seven days after his Inauguration on March 4, 1861, as Presi- dent of the United States, Fort Sumpter was fired upon and the struggle on the one hand for the preservation of the Union, and on the other, to establish the right of States to secede was begun. About a month after the Inauguration, Secretary Seward, in a letter which became public said: "Change the question before the public from one upon slavery or about slavery for a question upon Union or dis-union." In other words, he recommended that they should escape from a discussion of a party question, such as the abolition of slavery, and take up in its stead, a patriotic question involving a struggle to save the nation from destruction.

Whether the purpose of the letter was to feel the public pulse on the question, I cannot say, but it is interesting to note that nearly five years before Lincoln had said in a debate in answer to the advocates of the right of secession, "We do not \\'ant to disrupt the Union; You shall not." Moreover, from that time on the preservation of the Union became his one avowed purpose, and every effort of his and of those closely in touch with him was concentrated upon an effort to secure support for the Union. 'This purpose found its fullest expression in the famous letter of August 22, 1862, to Horace Greeley— a declaration worthy of study again and again by those who would understand the philosophy of Lincoln. He said:

"I would save the Union. I would save it in the shortest way under the Con- stitution. The sooner the national authority can be restored, the nearer the Union will be the 'Union it was.' If there be those who would not save the Union unless they could at the same time save slavery, I do not agree with them. If there be those who would not save the Union unless they could at the same time destroy slavery, I do not agree with them. My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that. What I do about slavery and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do not believe it would help to save the Union. I shall do less whenever I believe what I am doing hurts the cause, and I shall do more whenever I shall believe doing more will help the cause. I shall try to correct errors when shown to be errors, and I shall adopt new views so fast as they shall appear to be true views."

91 He watched with anxious solicitude the effect of this policy and only nine days before the issue of the Emancipation Proclamation he said of the Union soldiers from the border slave states: "Every day increases their Union feeling. They are getting their pride aroused." While welcoming criticism, he never failed to rebuke those among his most assertive friends who reproached him for his hesitation in accepting the policies advocated by the extremists. Although the Emancipation Proclamation was dated September 22, 1862, to take effect January 1, 1863, he seems never at any time to have looked upon it as a political finality, or as more than a military policv of necessity. He continued his appeals for the Union uhatever might be the fare of slavery. On October 5, 1863, he wrote to Mr. Drake and others of Missouri, a letter in which he said:

"We are in civil war. In such cases there always is a main question; but in this case that question is a perplexing compound, Union and Slavery. It thus becomes a question not of two sides merely, but of at least four sides, even among those who are for the Union, saying nothing of. those who are against it. Thus, those who are for the Union with, but not without, slavery—those for it without, but not with —those for it ^vith or without but prefer it with —and those for it with or without, but prefer it without." Of commanding importance in a study of his attitude are his efforts to ac- complish emancipation by compensation for the value of slaves. He consistently favored the application of this principle to the border States and the portions of the revolted States excepted from the operations of the Proclamation, still adhering to his declared policy that the one thing to be done was the preservation of the Union without any relation to the existence of slavery its.elf On February 5, 1865, only four weeks before his inauguartion for a second term, he prepared the draft of a message to Congress in which he proposed to apply this principal of compensation to the States still in arms against Federal authority. The war was then practically at an end, resistance having ceased over a considerable part of the seceded States.

"Fellow citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives: I respectfully recommend that a joint resolution, substantially as follows, be adopted as soon as practicable by your honorable bodies. "Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled. That the President of the United States is hereby empowered, in his discretion, to pay 3^00,000,003. to the States of Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Caro- lina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia, in the manner and on the conditions following, to wit: The payment to be made in six per cent government bonds, and to be distributed among said States pro rata on their respective slave populations as shown by the census of 1860, and no part of said sum to be paid unless all resistance to the national authority shall be abandoned and cease, on or before the first day of April next; and upon such abandonment and ceasing of resistance, one-half of said sum to be paid in manner aforesaid, and the remaining half to be paid only upon the amendment of the National Constitution recently proposed by Congress becoming valid law, on or before the first day of July next, by the action thereon of the requisite number of States.

"The adoption of such Resolution is sought with a view to embody it, with other propositions, in a Proclamation looking to peace and re-union. "Whereas, a joint Resolution has been adopted by Congress, in the words following:

"Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, do pro- claim, declare, and make known, that on the conditions therein stated, the power conferred on the executive in and by said joint Resolution will be fully exercised;

92 that war will cease and armies be reduced to a basis of peace, that all political ofFenses will be pardoned; that all property, except slaves, liable to confiscation or forfeiture, will be released therefrom, except in cases of intervening interests of third parties; and that liberality will be recommended to Congress upon all points not lying within executive control." (Indorsement)

"February 5, 1865. Today these papers, which explain themselves, were drawn up and submitted to the Cabinet and unanimously disapproved by them. A. Lincoln."

These are impressive papers. They were made when the war was closing. Though the formal surrender of Lee did not take place until two months and four daj's later, it was bound to come without much more struggle. The Southland had made for its population, the greatest fight in history; but the foods, arms and munitions v.ere almost gone and the men—aye, and the boys, too, were going fast. To hold out longer against overwhelming numbers, backed by an unlimited supply of food and war equipment of ever}' kind was impossible. President Lincoln knew it too. No one knew it better—not even the Head of the Southern Con- federacy. Why then, did he ask the support of his Cabinet for a proposition that was not necessarj^ to end the war in favor of the Union.''

The answer seems to me to be that he did so for two reasons:

First: Because he wished to secure absolutely the freedom of the slaves. It may be answered that the slaves were already freed by the Emancipation Proclamation which took effect January 1, 1863. Whether that were so, was a subject of great debate. It was strongly contended that such portion of the slaves as should be found within the Southern Army lines at the close of the war would be unaffected by this war measure, and would continue the property of their owners, notwithstanding the Proclamation of the Executive. The purchase of the slaves therefore would make certain that which many disputed, namely; their freedom.

Second: He hoped by the exchange of money for slaves to put Four hundred millions of Dollars in the Southern States to start them on the long, hard road of rebuilding and restoring a devastated and impoverished country.

Those who recall the frightful struggle through which the South passed in the days following the war, because they were without money with which to buy the necessaries of life, to say nothing of seed and fertilizers and farming implements, realize now that the hateful reconstruction period would never have been written, had the broad-minded, warm-hearted forgiving Lincoln escaped the assasin's bullet.

It is meet that this Monument of Lincoln should be erected in Manchester by some of your kinsmen from across the sea, for it will recall to you that it represents the man who was the leader of the cause so heartily sustained by cotton spinners of Manchester and the mass of your people generally under the leadership of John Bright and Richard Cobden in the dark days of the Civil War in the United States, and the "Cotton Famine" in Lancashire, ^incoln in Manchester stands at once for the high ideals of the American pioneer and of the Manches- ter Spinner.

93 WASHINGTON-SULGRAVE SCHOLARSHIPS

Charles Stewart Davison .

Of those agencies which lead to a better understanding among peoples none is more fruitful than the interchange of scholars. Not of the immature and unformed and equally not of the old and prejudiced. To educate the school-boys of one nation in another is, for the purpose in view, an idle expenditure of time and money as is equally the exchange professorship idea, which is intended, as it admirably does, to subserve another use. These primary considerations the Sulgrave Institution has recognized in the comprehensive plan for Research Studentships at the University of Cambridge for American graduate scholars, and for Scholar- ships in this country for young Englishmen which it has formulated. In the latter portion of the general plan considerable progress has been made. Through the generous and enlightened appreciation of the President of Colgate University three scholarships have been instituted therein, open to young Englishmen desiring to pursue courses of instruction in this country. Under the terms thereof all tuition fees and all University charges are remitted. The details of the practical operation of the plan at Colgate are now being worked out and the British Sulgrave upon their completion will take steps to select the first incumbents thereof.

The matter is also under advisement in the University of Vir- ginia in which institution the plan is under the auspices of one of the Board of Trustees, and it is hoped that provision for caring for two scholars will be made. Perhaps the most important development of this portion of the plan is that now being put into operation at the State School of Agriculture at Morrisville, New York, concerning which the Chairman of the Executive Com- mittee has received a memorandum that the British Agricultural

Board, of which Lord Lee is the Chairman, is undertaking to select six British youths to send out for the purpose of pursuing courses there. Concerning that portion of the plan which con- templates the instituting of thirty-four Research Studentships in the University of Cambridge (two at each of the seventeen colleges of that ancient seat of learning) it may be said that the committee

94 —

in charge is perfecting the details. The Foundations are to be permanent and are open to graduates of American colleges aged between 21 and 25, and care should be exercised in pre- scribing the regulations, that best results may be obtained. The preliminary proposals have been sympathetically regarded by the Heads of several of the Colleges of the University who have been personally consulted by the committee as also by the Uni- versity authorities and donations towards the fund are already being received. Each studentship is to last for two 3^ears—the requisite time to obtain the full certificate which is granted by the University on the successful completion of the course prescribed in some one of the established lines of research open to graduate scholars. For the permanent foundation of one of these Research Studentships it is estimated that only the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars will be required so that the complete plan whereby there would be maintained continuously a body of thirty-four research students at Cambridge can be put in operation for approximately eight hundred thousand dollars.

In accordance with the English, as indeed the American, custom the various foundations will be known by the names of the respective benefactors and it would be difficult to associate one's name with a more worthy and efficient agency for bringing about that intelligent co-operation, founded on mutual comprehension which, if the general structure of society is to be preserved by the influence of the English speaking peoples, is essential as well for us, as for our cousins on the other side of the Atlantic. The project has appealed to a number of thoughtful persons so fortunately situated as to be able to render this practical service to society and the hope is not wholly ill-founded that within a year the entire scheme will be in full operation. INDEPENDENCE—DEPENDENCE—INTERDEPENDENCE James H. Darlington, Bishop of Harrisburg.

"Free speech" is claimed as one of England's greatest glories and rightly so, but the wild expressions and half-crazed epithets of irresponsible, soap-box orators haranguing small groups of boys and men in our parks or on our street corners, should not be cabled across the Atlantic to disturb the mind of our English

95 cousin. They are the words of those who are merely ranters, who have no followers worth speaking of, and no influence in the cities where they dwell. The great body of intelligent citizens of the United States looks upon England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland with almost the same feeling that they would upon any four states of the Union outside of their own Commonwealth.

With us in America the newspapers abound in jokes and comi- cal criticisms of the Eastern States on the Atlantic by theWestern States on the Pacific, and of little squibs upon the Northern States on the Canadian border from the Southern States on the Gulf of Mexico, and vice versa. The baseball clubs and the foot- ball teams are praised and hacked by the localities from which

they come, and everything possible is done to stimulate a friendly rivalry between the towns to win a championship over their

rivals. But when the season is over, and the prizes are awarded the victors are praised by all, and no bad feeling is engendered by the defeats. So exactly it is in the feeling of the United States towards Great Britain and Canada. Citizens here in great majority hold not that the English speaking people ought to be one, but that they are already 07ie and have been for a hundred years.

General George Washington, while esteemed here as "First in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen," should be equally held in honor and claimed by Great Britain. He was English in his nature, of English blood and training, and it was as an Englishman, as well as an American colonist and citizen, that he led the American Army and gave battle to the exorbitant demands of the Mother Country in the Revolutionary war. "Britons never will be slaves," and the over-exactions by the crown and parliament in 1776 were a little later declared to have been unjust by the general voice of the English press and people. He and his generals and advisers had the active and sympathetic aid of many in parliament who condemned the war in America at that time, as unnecessary and unjust. The great universities of England have their students going from the United States every year, and almost every important book, issued in England, has an American edition printed on this side of the water. School teachers and their pupils by the thousands from our schools take trips each summer to visit England's cathedrals,

96 and, as a verger would tell you, on almost any day during the spring or summer you would find more Americans in Westminster Abbey and in St. Paul's Cathedral, than all other nations together. The hotel clerks and guides in Stratford on Avon say that more Americans visit Shakespeare's birthplace and tomb daily than all other nations combined. The founding and preservation of the Washington Manor

House, under the care of the Sulgrave Institution, w^ill add another shrine to which Americans will make pilgrimages. The hold of Washington upon the imagination was shown at the beginning of the civil w'ar, w^hen the seceding States felt they must have the Washington family coat of arms somehow represented in their flag, and as the Federal government had already chosen the stars and stripes, they selected the "stars and bars" in the form of St Andrew's Cross. One real reason why the United States did not more quickly enlist in the world war against the German, Austrian and Turkish Alliance was, perhaps, an over confidence in the invincibilit}^ of Great Britain, and the feeling that she did not need our aid. As soon, however, as it became apparent that through the power for harm of German submarines the food supply of the British Isles was in danger, and when General Haig cried out that England's heroes were "fighting with their backs against the wall", the

United States regretted its delay, and did all it could to aid with arms and men, with ships and money.

We must in the future be more confidential the one with the other. All the liberties we have barken back to the great Magna Charta obtained from King John, and as our Fourth of July is celebrated throughout America and many places in England as Independence Day, because on that day our great Declaration was signed in Philadelphia, in 1776, so I wish that the same day a month later, August 4th, 1914, might be celebrated throughout the British Possessions and the world as Dependence Day, the day on which Great Britain declared warto keep her plighted w^ord to little Belgium. Such a brave deed well deserves universal recognition.

Perhaps a few years later when we have learned to recognize

more fully what it means to have our soldier and sailor boys stand shoulder to shoulder in battle and shed their blood and die for a 97 common cause; and when our martyrs who have made the great sacrifice and lie side by side in French cemeteries have drawn our hearts closer together, perhaps we may be able to arrange for a September or an October celebration which we may name IN- TERDEPENDENCE DAY, which even the four horses which St. John saw in the Apocalypse can never break because it is formed not by the ambition or through the contrivance of men, but for the peace and prosperity of the world; and may we ask in prayer the great Father of all to give His blessing on this English Speaking Unio7i for freedom and righteousness, so that "what God hath joined together" no man can put asunder.

98 SULGRAVE'S CHRISTMAS GIFT

Alfred University, Alfred, N. Y., December 20, 1919. Mr. John A. Stewart, Pres. Sulgrave Institution. Woolworth Bldg., New York City. Dear Mr. Stewart:

As a good-will offering to the cause of American-British friendship and as a Christmas gift to the Sulgrave Institutions of Great Britain and America, Alfred University offers six scholarships—three for girls and three for boys— to students recommended by the Sulgrave Institutions.

Every line of college endeavor is open to these scholars, namely, the College of Liberal Arts, the School of Ceramics and Clayworking and the School of Agriculture. It may interest you to know that the director of the School of Ceramics was formerly a director of the Royal Porcelain Works at Worcester, England.

Wishing you all the greetings of the season, I am Faithfully yours, (Signed) Boothe C. Davis, (President).

WISE WORDS FROM BECK

"Anglo-American unity, upon which the peace of the world may, in the future, so largely rest, depends less upon the expedi- ents of statesmen and obligations of written treaties, than upon the potent sentiment of loyalty to the great destinies of the English-speaking race.

"The great essentials to this unity are appreciation and understanding.

"Today, as never before, the two nations appreciate each other. The sentiment cf fraternity and the unity of our two great nations will not be accomplished merely by the gushing exchange, as two school girls, of reciprocal flatter3^ Rather we should meet as men of experience and strength who know that there is no diplomacy quite so effective as that of transparent candour, and that between two nations, who have the common aim of the

99 welfare of civilization, there can be no conflict, save of opinion, over ways and methods. Let our motto be: 'In essentials, unity; in non-essentials, liberality. In all things, charity.'" James M. Beck. PRINCE OF WALES DINNER

Notable Event in the History of Sulgrave Institution

On November 19, 1919, the Sulgrave Institution, in friendly association with the St. George's Society, St. Andrew's Society, St. David's Society, the English-Speaking Union, the Canadian Club, Canadian Society and the British Schools and Universities, gave a dinner to H. R. H. the Prince of Wales. Former President William Howard Taft, a member of the Sulgrave Board of Gover- nors and also the Advisory Council, presided, and the speakers were Sulgrave members— Chancellor Alton B. Parker, former Governor Charles Evans Hughes, Dr. John H. Finley, Dr. John Grier Hibben, President of Princeton, and Rev. William Thomas Manning, Rector of Trinity Church. The guests of honor were:

Captain Geoffrey Blake, D. S. O., R. N. Samuel Gompers Captain E. C. Kennedy, R. N. Colonel Rodman Wanamaker Air Commodore E. O. Charlton, R. A. F. Rear Admiral Harry McL. P. Huse, U. S. N. Major General David C. Shanks, U. S. A. Rear Admiral James H. Glennon, U. S. N. Sir William Tyrrell Major General John Biddle, U. S. A. Major General Sir Henry Burstall. K. C. B., K. C. M. G. President John Grier Hibben Rear Admiral Morgan Singer, C. B. Hon. Charles E. Hughes His Excellency Viscount Grey of Falloden, K. G. Hon. William Howard Taft His Royal Highness, Edward Prince of Wales Hon. Alton B. Parker Jefferson CafFery Sir Lionel Halsey, K. C. B., K. C. M. G.

100 Dr. John H. Finley Rev. Dr. William T. Manning Major General H. K. Bethell, C. B., C. M. G., D. S. O. Major General John F. O'Ryan Rear Admiral Albert P. Niblack, U. S. N. Rear Admiral J. D. McDonald, U. S. N. Commissioner of Police Richard E. Enright Captain E. A. Taylor, R. N. Hon. James M. Beck Acting Consul General Frederick Watson Mr. Rustom Rustomgee

The Executive Committe was:

Chair mart, George W, Burleigh Fice-Chairmen, Norrie Sellar, R. A. C. Smith Treasurer, Perley Morse George F. Baker Walter Scott Edward F. Darrell Fred Warner Shibley J. Vipond Davies John A. Stewart William H. Gardiner Rev. John Williams Alexander B. Halliday John Castree Williams Andrew B. Humphrey George T. Wilson Arthur Knowlson

Among the Committee of Arrangements were:

J. P. Morgan Jacob H. SchifF Otto H. Kahn Elbert H. Gary Martin Vogel James M. Beck Frank A. Vanderlip Paul D. Cravath James B. Forgan Nicholas F. Brady Charles Phelps Taft Edward W. Hatch James Shewan

The speakers were felicitous, the Prince being easily the peer of any other in this regard. The dinner was one of the most brilliant ever held in the City of New York.

101 EXCERPTS FROM THE SPEECHES

WiLLiAiVi Howard Taft: —

"We have no need to assure Your Royal Highness of the personal esteem in which you are held in this country, or the affectionate interest with which our people have followed your course from the day you landed in Canada until tonight. They like your enjoyment of the things that other people enjoy; they like your genuine interest and enthusiasm. They like your willingness to share the hardships, and the dangers, with the common soldier in a campaign for your country and the world. In short, they like your democracy, which they know to be an earnest of the fidelity and success with which you will meet your great responsibilities to come.

His Royal Highness, Prince of Wales:— "But now that I am*****in America I feel well in touch with the objects of the Sulgrave Institution whose object I understand, and I know, is to keep English-speaking people working in harmony for common ends and for common ideals. (Applause). "I have long looked forward to coming to the United States and to New York,

and I am delighted to be here. I feel that the spoiling process which Canada

carried so far is being completed in the Great Republic. (Applause). I am hav-

ing a fine time in the United States. My only complaint is that my visit is far too short." (Applause). Honorable Charles Evans Hughes:—

"We recall that day, that fateful day, when the question of Great Britain's relation to the War was to be determined. We remember the intelligent and zealous efforts which were put forth to assure an honorable peace; but when that was impossible, England did not hesitate to go the way where honor pointed. With every endeavor to avoid that terrible struggle, in a crisis the gravity of which was fully appreciated, there was not a moment's hesitation when the exigency appeared, and the question was whether there should be a temporizing policy or a fearless challenge, with faith in Almighty God, in order to win the victory over a brutal autocracy which had violated the neutrality of Belgium. (Applause). Then we watched the beginning of that struggle and the heroism of that little force of Territorials, and every man, however intensely American, whether with a drop of British blood, or for that matter without a drop of British blood, who saw the valor of those Britishers amid the swamps of Ypres, rejoiced that the British tradit'on was maintained in its full glory! With that indomitable spirit, defeat was impossible. (Applause).

"There can be no international justice unless there is national justice; and there can be no national justice e.xcept in communities filled with men who are animated with the spirit of justice, and who cherish those traditions— both of civil liberty and of wise restraint—which we have had the good fortune to inherit from Great Britain. (Applause).

"And as we look to the future, we can find no prospect of peace or prosperity

if the liberty-loving peoples of the world, the peoples that have established the in-

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stitutions of rational liberty, are divided in purpose or in ideal, or the world loses the benefit of their cooperation.

"We, therefore, hail this visit as an omen of a new era, an era in which all peoples loving liberty will work together, zealous with respect to their own interests, jealous of their own rights, but perceiving clearly the necessity for causing force to yield to the arbitrament of justice; and determined to take counsel together, that hereafter ruthless war shall never be waged— mere force shall never raise its head to strike down the sacred right of treaty; and that all peoples, great and small, may work out their destiny under the. free institutions which have been so largely nourished by the people whose distinguished representative we have the pleasure of greeting tonight." (Prolonged applause). President John Grier Hibben:—

"We who meet tonight in honor of Your Royal Highness are of British blood, proud of the springs whence our life currents flow. We are here to celebrat.- the common heritage which binds our two great nations indissolubly together, we are one in a common belief, we believe in the same things; we believe in those compelling truths which form our moral and spiritual tradition, and when this belief was challenged, a new bond was established between our mother country and our own— the bond of comradeship-in-arms. (Applause)

"It lies deeply hidden on our human nature a phase of the native poetry of our being, that in the time of great emergency we crave for a figure to follow, some human standard as the concrete object of ail of our loyalty and devotion; and such a leader we believe it is your destiny to become. (Applause). The men of your generation will naturally look to you as an example of devotion to duty and of obedience to the law of sacrifice, to command its loyalty and to lead your generation in the realization of all of the possibilities that shall make for the welfare of your Empire, for the advancing progress of the civilization, and for the building of a new world. It is a task. Your Royal Highness, worthy a king, "Who knoweth whether thou art come to the Kingdom for such a time as this?" (Prolonged applause) President John Finley:—

"Mr. Chairman, Your Royal Higliness:—When I was on my way to-Pales- tine, where I had the honor to serve under that great commander-in-chief, the Deliverer of the Holy Land, General Lord Allenby of Meggido— (Applause) I passed through England. It was in the early days of May, 1918, only a few days after the Battle of Kemmel Hill, which occurred when I was on the ocean.

I expected to find England in confusion, if not m panic; for only a f^w days before General Haig had said to his men that they were standing with their 'backs to the wall'; and that the safety of their families and the freedom of mankind alike depended upon the conduct of each one in that critical moment.' I expected to find England, I repeat, in confusion and panic; but as Your Royal Highness has said I found that 'she was very much herself— (applause). What was she doing on that day? She was beginning with unpert.irbed mind the debate in Parlia- ment on the Fisher Education Bill, that Bill which has been called the 'Children's Charter'. Above the thunder of the guns, which could almost be heard, and under the night menace of the skies. President Fisher, the Minister of Education,

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was saying "Education is the eternal debt which maturity owes to youth." (Applause). That debate was being continued with deep earnestness and with no camouflage of words when the Germans were reaching the Marne. And the bill was passed on the 8th of August, the A^ery day that General Rawlinson began the return offensive at Amiens. That seemed to me a supreme tribute to England.

"It was my great fortune to be out at that time at the other end of the "far- flung battle line"; I was at service, Your Royal Highness, the Sundaj^ preceding the Sth of August, (the fourth anniversary of the beginning of the war) at the very tip end of the line, which was being held by the Second Battalion of the Black

Watch. (Applause). I had spent the night in a tent on the very edge of the sea. In the morning we were roused by what the Sons of St. Andrews—at any rate would call "music." (Laughter). We were roused by tht stirring sounds of the bagpipes. Then the men of the battalion were formed in a hollow square, about the size of this room, with their backs toward the sea and their faces toward the hills of Judea, over which the morning sun was glowing. They sang the old hymns of the Church. I can still hear them singing one of these "Oh, God, our help in ages past." Then the "Padre", as he is called, the Chaplain, read from the Old Testament— Dr. Manning can tell you what the Chapter was—the chapter which told about the Prophet Elisha, out upon the Plain of Dothan, which was only fifty miles away just beyond the hills that were in sight, the plain shat seemed to me when a boj- as a vague indefinite place but which later was very real, for a few nights after I walked over it with my own two feet, the plain where the Prophet Elisha found himself surrounded by a great army one morning. His servant was panic-stricken and said, "How shall we do?" And then the servant's eyes were opened and he saw another army above, in the air, with horses and chariots of fire round about. The Chaplain took for his text a verse from that same chapter; "Fear not, for they that be with us are more than the^^ that be with them." (Applause). As he preached his sermon, one could hear the sound of the guns not

far away, punctuating it, and as he neared the end of it, I saw an aeroplane in the

air, immediately over our heads and it looked, in the golden light of the morning

sun like a chariot of fire. It seemed to me a symbol of the invisible army fighting with Allenby's forces against the visible army of the Turks and the Germans in the

hills about. Then the Chaplain read an order from the Commander-in-chief, ex- pressing hope and confidence, based on the justice of our cause; and faith in the sustaining help of the Almighty.

It is that— that faith, that confidence, that imperturbability, that dogged last- ditch valor, that unswerving, unyielding devotion to justice and right—it is all these which will make us (of common heritage, we are proud to say) —that will make us all kin forever, in the struggle for a better and a happier world for our children—two millions of whorn. Your Royal Highness, I have the honor to represent here tonight. (Applause)

"I wish to pay homage in the presence of Your Royal Highness to those of your men who have fallen, to those who have made the utmost sacrifice for the cause of human freedom; and especially to those who gave their all for the recovery of the Holy Land. My only regret is that I could not have fought with them—but

I shall be lastingly proud that I served under the command of your great General there. I pay this homage in a few lines which I w^rote as an epitaph for some of 104 —

your bo_vs out there, who fell at the foot of the last hill before the entrance into the Holy City and on the very last day before the entrance was made. The graves of these six men lie there under a beautiful old olive tree just at the beginning of the ascent of this last hill.

Beyond the hill the Holy City lies. These never saw its glory with their eyes, They never reached the crest; They perished climbing these last sacred heights; But when they died, like true Crusader-Knights, Their feet were on the quest.

May we be worthy to be kin of those who died with "their feet on the quest". (Great applause).

Honorable Alton B. Parker:

"Mr. Toastmaster, Your Royal Highness: The World War, with its nearly 13,000,000 of dead and more millions of wounded and diseased, should have taught, and I believe it has taught, the peoples of Great Britain and the United States, one valuable lesson: that is, that powerful as these nations are, and each of them, neither one of them is strong enough to safely face the future alone and without friends. (Applause) I hope and believe that the peoples of these two great nations have long since reached the conclusion that the very best friend each can have is the other nation. This is so not only because both are powerful na-

tions, but also because our ideals are very much alike. And how could it be otherwise? We speak the same language; we enjoy the same literature. England's Literature has always been ours. England created the greatest system of law world which the has ever known, the Common Law of England : and that Common Law is our common law. For, have we not incorporated it into 47 of our 48 State Constitutions, in words something like this:

"The Common Law of England, as it existed on the 19th day of April, 1775, is and shall continue to be the law of this State, unless amended." "About that time, (1912), some patriotic Englishmen conceived the idea of buying Sulgrave Manor, the ancestral home of George Washington. They bought it for the purpose of having it fitted up and made a place of pilgrimage for all the lovers and admirers of Washington and his history the world over; and they

formed a Society known as the Sulgrave Institution, one branch of it in England, and one branch here, to help finance it and carry out whatever should be needed to make it a great success. Our honored guest is a member and a contributor to that Society; and his distinguished father, the King, is not only a member, but headed the subscription list circulated by Lord Burnham for the purpose of raising the large sums of money necessary to rehabilitate the place and install therein furniture of the period at which it was built.

"I want to say to Your Royal Highness, too, that every society and organization represented here tonight at this dinner has from its very beginning been at work, with all the power that resided in it, to bring about those relations w-hich ought to exist for the future of good between our two great peoples. "We need an exchange of visits. Their people are just as we are— precisely like us. You could take an audience of them in any one of their cities and it will

105 look precisely as this audience looks to me. We ought to get closer and closer together. "Your Royal Highness, you have done us good by coming. You do the cause in which we are all working good by your coming. Come again, and come often. (Applause) And may God grant that the peoples of these two great nations shall affectionately work together for the hundreds of years to come, for the good of humanity and the peace of the world." (Applause)

106 MATTERS OF INTEREST TO MEMBERS OF SULGRAVE

It is the hope of the Sulgrave Board of Governors to begin publication of the Sulgrave Review by the time of the annual meeting—-the first of June of the present year.

Important Notice

Thomas Cook & Sons have prepared an itinerary covering the points of interest in America, Holland and Great Britain in connection with the Tercentenary celebration. The places on the list to be visited include London, Scrooby, Sheffield, Manchester, Oxford, Cambridge, Stratford, Sulgrave Manor, Plymouth, South- ampton, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Leyden, Provincetown, Boston, New York and Hampton Roads.

The Sulgrave Institution is now making up its committees to visit Great Britain, Ireland and Holland; to return via Province- town, Boston and New York, and hopes to be able to congregate enough members to constitute a full sailing list for one of the trans- atlantic steamers. It is suggested to Sulgrave members who are contemplating visiting Europe this year during the May-Septem- ber period, that they get into touch with Sulgrave headquarters and enroll themselves as participants in the celebration. A joint committee of Americans, Britishers and Hollanders is at work on a comprehensive program, which will be of international interest. In order to make suitable accommodations and arrangements for entertainment of members of Sulgrave visiting Britain and Holland during this year we reiterate that word should early be sent to Sulgrave headquarters.

Futile Effort to Prevent Friendship

Never has there been such a keen desire on the part of Ameri- cans to further friendship among English-Speaking peoples as is manifest today, despite the subtle endeavors of reactionary influences that would drive a wedge between America and Great

Britain. This effort is causing some annoyance, but it and all similar efforts to make enemies of America and Britain are utterly and absolutely futile in staying the great movement towards better understanding among English-speaking peoples. The justice of

107 the cause which Sulgrave conspicuously represents stands out so mightily as a force to defend unity-in-essentials between America and Britain, that no conspiracy or cabal, or opposing movement can do more than to make a little ripple over the surface of the movingfloodrollingontowardsaconsummation ofthat expectation of an unwritten alliance in friendship, based upon mutual respect and self-respect, between the citizens of America and the citizens of the British Commonwealth, which is the hope of the world's welfare and the impelling influence back of international concord. The most important thing in the world today is American-British peace and good-will. It is the onl}^ stable foundation of any League of Nations.

Theodore Roosevelt was wise when he said that if he were again to become President of the United States he should make American-British friendship the great feature of his foreign policy. LUNCHEON TO LORD AND LADY GLENCONNER AND MORETON FREWEN After having most successfully carried through the dinner to that charming and altogether decent and wholesome youth who happens to be the Prince of Wales, The Sulgrave Institution, acting through its Committee on Hospitality, of which Colonel George

William Burleigh is the Chairman, called together fifty members of Sulgrave to meet Lord and Lady Glenconner, members of the British organization. Lord Glenconner is Chairman of the Com- mitte on Schools and Universities of the British-Sulgrave-Anglo- American Society, and arrived in America on Christmas Eve for a three months sojourn in California. Chancellor Alton B. Parker and Governors Samuel Gompers and James M. Beck spoke for Sulgrave and Lord Glenconner and Mr. Moreton Frewen, to whom Sulgrave members also delighted to pay honor, happily responded. President Davis of Alfred University and Dr. MacKenzie of that same institution were present. These gentlemen received a vote of thanks to Alfred University for the University's Christmas gift to Sulgrave of six scholarships. SULGRAVE SCHOLARSHIPS A considerable number of inquiries have come to Sulgrave from Canada, Great Britain, Ireland and various sections of

108 America and other parts of the world in relation to the scholarships which have been presented to The Sulgrave Institution by Cambridge University, Colgate University, Alfred University, the Morrisville, N. Y. High School and School of Agriculture, et al. The Committee on Scholarships, of which Mr. Charles Stewart

Davison is Chairman, is now engaged on a plan of selection which later will be announced. NEW AND VALUED MEMBERS

Notable additions to our membership are General John J. Pershing, Rear Admiral Wm. L. Sims, Col. Norman G. Thwaites, David Boyle and Norrie Sellar. NEW WASHINGTON PORTRAIT

Among the rare gifts presented to Sulgrave for the embellish- ment of Sulgrave Manor is a new Stuart portrait of George Wash- ington. This fine and most generous gift has been photo- graphed for the American Sulgrave and a copyright copy of it will be presented to all Sulgrave members and to those who have contributed or shall contribute to the support of the Sulgrave Insti- tution movement. The American Sulgrave has also received from the British Sulgrave six beautiful water colors by Stephen Reid, R. A., one of Britain's famous painters, which present two views of Sulgrave Manor, one of the Village of Sulgrave, another of the little chapel on the Sulgrave Manor estate in which lie the bones of Lawrence and Amy Washington, the great-great-grandfather and great- great-grandmother of George Washington, and also two of the Washington Manor interior. These pictures will be placed on exhibition and are to be presented either as a set or singly to any who shall have given endowments for Sulgrave scholarships, lectureships, professorships, etc., etc.,

109 IN MEMORIAM

Sulgrave members mourn the decease of three of their fellows, all sympathetic and helpful to the cause of friendship among English-speaking peoples—Theodore Roosevelt, twenty-sixth President of the United States, Lady Paget, born Nellie Stevens and William Salomon.

Colonel Roosevelt doubted the practicability of a League of Nations, but he did not doubt that friendship and good understanding between America and Great Britain were distinctly a consummation favorable to the world's welfare.

Lady Paget, with rare qualities of mind and of a superabundant vitality, which differentiated her from others and made her conspicuous in point of service in any movement with which she was identified, had undertaken, the year before her death, to furnish Sulgrave Manor in the period of its construction; and this work she had practically accomplished when her life ended in Paris in the Spring of 1919. William Salomon, whose unexpected death bewildered even his intimates, who did not know that he was seriously ill, was a man of kindly habit, sweet disposition, with the mind and temperament of an artist and a poet. His personality exuded graciousness and good-will. He was of positive service in every cause with which he identified himself. When he died he had been the Treasurer of British Day and had accepted the position of Treasurer of the Tercentenary Celebration.

We shall hold these friends of The Cause in fond memory.

110 BRITISH DAY

Let it be remembered by all that on December 7 and 8, 1918, in twenty-six hundred towns and cities, in thousands of pulpits, in thousands of schools and on thousands of rostrums Americans nationally paid tribute to British valor, to British determination and to British high ideals; that the spirit of American friendship for the British Commonwealth is to be found in this voluntary act of recognition on America's part of the debt which the world owes to Britain, rather than what anybody may have said or shall say. Not by words but by deeds shall friendship be known.

As a further testimonial of friendship the British Day Com- mittee, presented to King George, through American Ambassador John W. Davis, and under the signatures of Alton B. Parker, John Pierpont Morgan, Dr. Chas. W. Eliot, James M. Beck, Charles Evans Hughes, Charles Phelps Taft, R. A. C. Smith,

Louis J. Reckford, and many others, a handsomely bound scrap book, containing a carefully edited account of the British Day Celebration. THE SULGRAVE INSTITUTION, SULGRAVE MANOR AND GEORGE WASHINGTON

Sulgrave Manor is in process of complete restoration-, and is being furnished in furniture of the period of its building. Among the generous contributors to the furnishing of Sulgrave is the

National Society of Colonial Dames. The property as it stands represents an investment in excess of 3100,000. It is expected that in the main the work of restoration, which is carrying on under the able direction of Sir Reginald Bloomfield, R. A., will be completed so that the beauties of that old historic place will be fully manifest to the thousands who are expected to visit it during the Tercentenary celebration, 1920. The Sulgrave Institution of America, which has already made contributions to the work of restoration has on hand five thousand pounds as a further contribution, and the American Sulgrave expects also to do its part in the gathering of an endowment fund for the Manor property. The estimated amount needed for such an endowment in order to secure an adequate annual income is 3250,000. This amount will also include the founding of a permanent Sulgrave lectureship, to

111 be held in alternate years by an American and an Englishman, the lectures to be upon some contemporary phase of the development of American-British friendship. ANGLO-AMERICAN NEWS LETTER AND SULGRAVE BULLETIN

Under the able and convincing editorship of Mr. H. S. Perris, the British Sulgrave has issued two numbers of the Anglo-Ameri- can News Letter and Sulgrave Bulletin. No. 1 refers to the progress and development of the British-Anglo-American friendship movement, and No. 2 deals in the main with the Tercentenary celebration and the unveiling of the Barnard statue of Lincoln, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Phelps Taft's gift through Sulgrave to the City of Manchester and the addresses by Judge Parker and our Honorary Chairman, the American Ambassador. The City of Manchester has sent to Mr. and Mrs. Taft the following engrossed resolution:

"That this Public Meeting thanks Mr. and Mrs. Charles Phelps Taft, of Cincinnati, Ohio, U. S. A., and records its appreciation of their generosity in presenting the Barnard statue of Abraham Lincoln to the City of Manchester, and desires to assure the donors that the statue will be maintained and preserved by the citizens, not only as a memory of one of the greatest of Americans, but as a symbol of friendship and good-will between the American people and this City."

Acting under the terms of a resolution introduced at a meeting of the Board of Governors of The Sulgrave Institution by Judge Alton B. Parker, and seconded by Charles Stewart Davison, and others, the following engrossed testimonial was signed by the officers of the Institution and sent to Mr. and Mrs. Charles Phelps Taft: To Mr. and Mrs. Charles Phelps Taft: Dear Mr. and Mrs. Taft:

It is the valued privilege of those members of The Sulgrave Institution standing for our entire membership, and whose names are signed to this communication, to ask you to receive this testimonial as an expression of that obligation to you under which we

112 feel The Sulgrave Institution to be, for your gift through us to the citizens of the municipaHty of Manchester, England, of the bronze effigy of Abraham Lincoln, as designed by George Grey Barnard, and presented to the people of Manchester, erected on Piatt's Field, and unveiled in the presence of thousands by Alton B. Parker, Chancellor of The Sulgrave Institution, and under the auspices of the Lord Mayor, Lady Mayoress and other officials and high dignitaries of that great municipality, which, in time of our dire distress, during a critical period in the Civil War, stood firmly, under pitiable sacrifice, for the cause of which Ab- raham Lincoln was champion. We have the honor to remain. Your very sincere and obliged friends,

British Bulletin No. 2 also carries announcement of the resig- nation of Lord Lee of Fareham from the chairmanship of the Com- mittee on Memorials and Hospitality, and the filling of the va- cancy by the appointment of Sir Harry Brittain.

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TESTIMONIALS OF AMERICAN BRITISH FRIENDSHIP

Excerpts from a Forthcoming Bock by H. S. Perris, Esq., Secre-

tary of The Sulgrave Institution England

Rt. Hon. Arthur James Balfour: "You ask me for a contribution to the 'Book of British and American Friendship'. I do not think I can better meet your wishes than by sending you a copy of the inscription which I wrote for the wreath which the recent British Mission to America placed on George Washington's tomb.

It runs as follows:

'Dedicated by the British Mission to the Immortal Memory of George Washington, soldier, statesman, patriot,—who would have rejoiced to see the country of which he was by birth a citizen, and the country his genius called into existence fighting side by side to save mankind from a military despotism.' "I can do no better and say no more."

Rt. Hon. The Viscount Bryce, O. M "Five years ago we were preparing to celebrate the 100th anniversary of that Treaty of Ghent which brought to an end the last war between the United States and Great Britain. We hoped that the occasion would enable us not only to rejoice at the long maintenance of good relations between the two great English- speaking countries, but also to advise other nations to draw the proper lesson from the example of two states which had lived practically without armaments, naval or military, along a frontier of three thousand miles. But suddenly before the month fixed for the celebration a terrific thunderstorm of war burst upon the world, bringing with it horrors and sufferings which have affected two-thirds of the human race. Such a war seems to throw back further than ever the prospects of a peaceful progress in civilization. Yet for our two peoples one result has emerged. "It has revealed their essential unity in spirit and in ideals. "It has shown upon what deep and solid foundations that unity rests."

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Sir William Hearst—Former Prime Minister of Ontario, Dominion of Canada: "Canada and the United States are more than ordinary neighbors. They possess a boundary spanning a continent which is marred by no fortifications and which for vast distances has no natural division. In many ways the two peoples come into daily contact. They mingle freely in religious, social and business life. They have the same language. Their institutions are based on the same traditions and they have the same ideals of democratic government. It therefore required only the occasion of a common danger to cement them into a more effective alliance than that of blood and kinship."

Sir George Perley—High Commissioner of Canada in London

"Although a loyal Canadian with a sincere belief in the British Empire, I w^as born in the United States and this cooperation (in war) of the two countries has given special pleasure to me personally. As both our systems of government are of the democratic type and have the same ideals of justice and personal liberty, it seems evident that we should always be on the same side; in fact, we all believe that if these two great English-speaking nations act together they can control the future of the world in the interest of civilization and freedom."

Rt. Hon. Sir Edward Carson :

"Anglo-American friendship is a thing that ranks in the order of nature; it answers the call of the blood. The relations of the two peoples typify family history. "Such unity of purpose, springing from common heritage, must draw ever closer the bond of sympathy on which friendship to be enduring must rest."

Rt. Hon. J. H. Thomas (Labour M. P.) "In the midst of the great European conflict there was one outstanding ray of hope for the world's future which appeared so black at the moment. I refer to Anglo-American friendship."

Rt. Hon. Lord Tennyson,—Former Governor General of Australia: "I believe in the union of the English-Speaking races, and that this union will make for the betterment of the world."

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Rt. Hon. Lord . Weardale—Honorary Treasurer, The Sulgrave Institution:

"A common faith has brought us to shed our blood in a common cause. Companions in sorrow, in patiently accepted sacrifice and in the varying vicissitudes of a great war, we look forward with confidence to the same companionship in victory. A triumph not for our nations alone, but for humanity as a whole. The fulfillment of a noble aim."

The Very Rev., The Dean of St. Paul's:

"The Anglo-American War Alliance is, I believe, the most important event of the last five years. So long as it holds, all English-speaking countries and the whole of South America will probably be safe from the aggression of any European power and able to work out their destinies in security. And as a league of

peace I can see no reason why the alliance should not be perpetual."

Dr. Henry Van Dyke "The foundations of friendship are vital sympathies, a harmony in regard to the great aims and supreme laws of human life; a mutual respect and confidence, strong enough to survive the differences of opinion, and disputes, and quarrels which infest all human intercourse.

"This, it seems to me, is the substantial basis of the strong friendship between the people of the United States of America and the people of Great Britain."

Major General Leonard Wood: "The effort of the joint British and American Committee in the matter of the restoration and preservation of Sulgrave Manor

is one of the many things which are tending to draw Britons and Americans more closely together. The great war bound us together with bands of friendship and common interest which never can be broken. The Allied lines held the common enemy In check while America made preparation to play her full part in the war. The associations which will spring up from this service in a common cause are bound to be lasting and to bring about conditions which will draw the two peoples into the closest and most enduring relations."

116 Rear Admiral Bradley A. Fiske: "To every thoughtful American man and woman, England represents a great combination of civil, naval, and military power, which guards with singular effectiveness both the freedom of the individual and the security of the state."

Hon. Theodore Marburg:

"The spread of the British empire has been a gain for the world. Peopling the waste places and imposing a new order of society or new system of law on a backward people is a very different matter from overriding the will of peoples equally enlightened."

President Nicholas Murray Butler, Columbia University:

"The most impressive fact in American life is the substantial unity of view in regard to the fundamental questions of government and of conduct among a population so large, distributed over an area so wide, recruited from sources so many and so diverse, living under conditions so widely different. There is an American type of mind, complex not simple, discernible underneath the

many individual differences that varying conditions of life, education, occupation, and climate have brought about. This unity

amid so much diversity is itself a very impressive fact, and the causes that produced it are important to know.

"The first and chief cause is the extraordinary persistence of the Anglo-Saxon impulse, which brought the United States of Ameri- ca into existence. For the origin of that impulse one must go back to the Teutonic qualities and characteristics of the people so admirably described by Tacitus in his 'Germania' as 'propiam et sinceram et tantum sui similem gentem." President Jacob Gould Schurman, Cornell University: "It will do our souls good honestly to confess our indebted- ness to England. In fighting the battle of humanity she has fought our battle. It was British naval strategy joined with French military strategy that saved the world from being overrun by the lawless and barbarous might of Germany."

President H. P. Judson, The University of Chicago: "The English language in America means also the common

law, which is at the basis of American jurisprudence; it means the

117 whole system of free government as understood in England. It means, in short, that English social, family and political institutions have gone with the languages—that America, with all its peculiar evolution, has developed along English lines and with the rich heritages of English thought and of English liberty as the most precious possession."

Prof. Roland G. Usher, Washington University: "There are many who for want of a moment's thought do not realize that the wars and quarrels between the United States and Great Britain never were at any time, not even during the Revo- lution, as serious, as real, as the great bulk of differences and antipathies between European nations."

Hon. William Jennings Bryan :

"I do not know that I can make a more valuable contribution to the book of British and American Friendship than to call attention to the principal provisions of the treaty between the two

countries, which, as Secretary of State, I had the honor to nego-

tiate. I am glad to have had a part in establishing this bond of union between the two great English-speakmg nations."

Justice O. W. Holmes, United States Supreme Court : »

"May I say, in view of my profession, that a large part of my life has been spent in the effort to trace our law to the roots in your law and in the more ancient traditions from which they both spring. Remembering too that fifty-six 3'ears ago yesterday

occurred the first action in which I was engaged, and recalling

the thoughts of that time, I may add that in battle as in peace English ideals and English heroes were present to my mind along- side with American, as an example and a spur."

Governor Gardner of Missouri :

"It would be wondrous strange if two such peoples, the one the offshoot of the other, so closely akin in all the elements that enter into the formation of a national conscience, should not be found fighting side by side when the ascendancy of democracy through the world was at stake." Senator George W. Sutherland: "The great war came at the end of a century of peace between the English-speaking nations. The relations of Great Britain and

118 the United States had grown steadily better, but—latent and more or less unconscious— there still persisted, to some extent, a sentiment of antagonism. With our common origin, language, system of law, political ideals and mututal respect, under the mellowing and disintegrating influence of time, this would eventually have disappeared, but it has now been burned away in an instant by the hot flame of war.

"Peace between us is much, but when this dreadful shadow shall have passed, we shall enter upon another century not only of peace between ourselves, but of international cooperation for the peace of the world and the liberty of mankind."

Mr. Herbert Hoover:

"The years I have been acquainted with England and English people have engendered a sincere afl^ection for her and her institutions, second only to my love for my own country, and I welcome any contribution which promotes their alliance and strengthens the bonds of international unity."

Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. :

"In the future more than in the past we must come to know and to appreciate each other's institutions, purposes and ideals. We must compare notes and profit by each other's experience; side by side and shoulder to shoulder must we go forward as brothers in blood, speaking the same tongue, to establish more securely in our social, industrial and international life the fundamental principles of democracy."

Mr. Thomas W. Lamont: "No matter how complete the victory of the Allies may be, the peace of the world will never be secure until the American and British peoples have established an Indissoluble alliance. It is not so important that this alliance should be expressed in terms between the two governments as that it should be made clear in a close and enduring friendship between the peoples of the two countries."

His Eminence, James Cardinal Gibbons:

"Along with the citizens of England, we here in America inherit the traditions of the same civil and political freedom. The

119 Great Charter of Liberty, which Cardinal Langton of Canter- bury and the English Barons wrested from King John, on the plains of Runnymede, is the basis of our Constitutional liberties. We share with them in the fruit of their victories."

Rt. Rev. William Lawrence, Bishop of Massachusetts: "Two great peoples, speaking the same language, breathing the atmosphere of civil liberty, bound by the same fundamental principles of law and tradition, are in the nature of the case part- ners in the promotion of justice and liberty."

120 SULGRAVE MANOR HOUSE AND THE WASHINGTON FAMILY

(ry t. pape)

(Published by the Sulgrave Institution of England— price 1 shilling.)

Before describing the house as it now stands, I will briefly consider the early history of Sulgrave Manor. At the time of the Domesday Survey, Sulgrave contained fourhides (480 acres) and was held by tenants under Ghilo, brother of Ansculf. The arable land was ten carucates, (sufficient for ten ploughs), of which three were in the lord's possession with one servant, five in the occupation of twenty villeins (bondmen) and six bordars (cottagers), and the remaining two were probably waste. There were also eight acres of meadow. Ghilo was progenitor of the Pinkeney family, and their demesne residence at Sulgrave is most likely marked by the prominent mound, called Castle Hill, in a close just west of the present churchyard. The Pinkeneys held the barony of Wedon, of which Sulgrave was a member, by service of

Castle guard to Windsor; and in the time of Edward I. by sub- infeudation their estate had become divided into three smaller manors, those of Culworth, Elington and St. Andrew's Priory.

According to the cartulary of St. Andrew's Priory, Northamp- ton, Sir Robert de Culworth, in the reign of King John, held a manor in Sulgrave with a carucate of land and tenants. Members of the families of Culworth, Montalt, de Trafford, Ardern, Dan- vers and Crewe held it successively down to 1700, when it was sold to John Hodges.

The Elington or Leeson manor passed from the Elingtons to the Stotesburys and when their male line terminated at the beginning of Elizabeth's reign it came to the Leesons by marriage. In 1564, at the court baron of Lawrence Washington, gent., the jurors presented that Thomas Leeson helda messuage andavirgate and a half of land, as heir of Thomas Stotesbury, who had died since the last court. In 1593 certain lands in Sulgrave were found to be held of Thomas Leeson, gent., as of his manor of Elington; and in 1607 this manor was granted by Thomas Leeson and Thomas his son to Lawrence Makepeace, a grandson of the Lawrence Washington mentioned above. Eventually this part of Sulgrave also came into the possession of John Hodges.

121 The priory of St. Andrew in the town of Northampton held the other part of Sulgrave manor, and when the priory was dis- solved in Henry VIII. 's reign it was bought by Lawrence Washing- ton of Northampton, one of the priory tenants, as the following abstract of the Letters Patent shows. LETTERS PATENT re SULGRAVE MANOR In consideration of £321 14s. lOd. paid to the Royal Treasurer by Lawrence Wasshyngton of the town of Northampton, he received a grant of the Manor of Sulgrave which had belonged to the Monastery of St. Andrew, with the messuages, mills, etc., in the towns or parishes of Sulgrave and Woodford; also the close of land called Millfields now in the tenure of the said Lawrence Wasshyng- ton and Christopher Thomson in Stutchbury, also certain lands in Cotton, but a reservation was made in the case of the Rectory of Sulgrave and the advowson of the vicarage of Sulgrave Church. In addition the messuages and lands in the parish of Sulgrave which formerly belonged to the monastery of Catesby and the priory of Canohs Ashby were granted to the said Lawrence Wasshyngton in chief by military service, namely, by the thirtieth part of a knight's fee and payment annually of four shillings and seven- pence. The possessions in the manor of Sulgrave, in Woodford, the Millfields of Stotesbury (Stutchbury), and in Cotton were held by a yearly payment of thirty-one shillings and threepence as the twentieth part of a knight's fee. A certain annual rent of eleven shillings and tlireepence issuing from a part of the premises was to be paid to the Dean and College of Windsor, and similarly a rent of three shillings and fourpence was payable to the Earl of Derby. No fee for the Letters Patent was exacted and the Royal Seal was attached to the grant, dated 10th March, 1539. LAWRENCE WASHINGTON Seven years before he bought Sulgrave, Lawrence Washing- ton had been elected Mayor of Northampton. His parents, John Washington of Tewitfield, who married Margaret Kytson of Warton Hall, were natives of North 'Lancashire, and, though Lawrence was trained to the law and a bencher of Gray's Inn, he became a wool merchant, through the influence of his uncle. Sir Thomas Kytson. At Northampton, Lawrence Washington lived close to his cousin Catherine, daughter of Sir Thomas Kytson and wife of Sir John Spencer of Althorp, a few miles north-west of the 122 town. He was twice married; first to Elizabeth, the widow of William Gough of Northampton, and second to Amee, daughter of Robert Pargiter of Gretworth, very near Sulgrave. We know of children only by the second marriage and they were most likely born at Sulgrave, but we cannot be certain because the registers now preserved at Sulgrave only date from 1666. His seven daughters were named Frances, Anne, Elizabeth, Magdalen, Barbara, Mary, and Margaret; his sons were Robert, Lawrence and two others, of whom one was most likely named Christopher. In 1545, Lawrence Washington became for the second time Mayor of Northampton. The oldest part of Sulgrave Manor house was most likely built by him. In 1552, along with Thomas Stuttes- bury, he was concerned in buying from the churchwardens one of the four bells belonging to the parish church of Sulgrave so that the roads might be mended. In 1559 Lawrence Washington of Sul- grave presented a namesake to the neighbouring Rectory of Stotes- bury. He was most likely a son of Thomas Washington of War- ton, and therefore, a nephew of the owner of Sulgrave Manor. In 1564, Amee, the second wife of Lawrence Washington, died and was buried in Sulgrave Church, where a mutilated grey slab of Hornton stone still shows the headless efiigy of Lawrence and the incision for that of Amee his wife. According to his will, made in October, 1581, and proved in February, 1584, Lawrence Washing- ton desired to be buried in the south aisle in front of the manor house pew, and there he was accordingly buried. In his will he made bequests to Walter Light of Radway, the children of his brother Leonard Washington, the children of his brother Thomas Washington, Robert Washington, his son and heir apparent, Lawrence Washington another son, and Lawrence Washington, son of Robert. ROBERT WASHINGTON In 1584, when Robert Washington succeeded to Sulgrave, he was forty years of age and living at the Manor House with his wife Elizabeth, daughter and sole heiress of Walter Light of Rad- way, Co. Warwick. By her he had six sons, Lawrence, Robert, Walter, Christopher, William, and Thomas, and three daughters, Amy, Ursula, and Elizabeth. By his second wife, Anne Fisher of Hanslope, Co. Buckingham, he had three sons, Alban, Guy and Robert, and three daughters, Mary, Margaret and Catherine.

123 For twenty-six years Robert Washington enjoyed possession of Sulgrave, but in 1610, with the consent of his eldest son, Lawrence, he sold his estates, most of the original Sulgrave grant being bought by Robert Washington's nephew, Lawrence Makepeace of Chip- ping Warden, Northants. In the same year the Millfield in Stotesbury was sold by Robert and Lawrence Washington to another nephew of Robert's, viz., Simon Heynes of Turweston, Buckinghamshire. Most likely Robert Washington, who was getting on in years, stayed on with his nephew at Sulgrave, because in his will made on 7th February, 1619, and proved on 3rd Janu- ary, 1620, he wrote: "My body to be buried in the South Aisle of the church before my seat, where I usually sit, under the same stone that my father lieth buried under." Robert Washington was the second and last Washington owner who lived at Sulgrave Manor House, for his son Lawrence, who w^as concerned in the Sulgrave sale in 1610, died before his father and was buried at Brington in 1616.

LATER LORDS OF SULGRAVE MANOR

In 1610 Lawrence Makepeace of the Inner Temple, London, and of Chipping Warden, gent., purchased the Sulgrave estate from his uncle, Robert Washington; and his son, Abel Makepeace, sold the Manor of Sulgrave in 1659 to Edward Plant, who was described as gent, of Overston, late of Sulgrave, when he sold the property in 1673 to the Rev. Moses Hodges of Overton Worton in Oxfordshire. His son, John Hodges of Sulgrave, gent., in 1700, purchased from Lord Crewe's trustees the Manor of Sulgrave, including, it is presumed the TrafFord and Elington Manors. The Rev. Moses Hodges, D. D., succeeded to the whole manor, and from his daughters the manor eventually devolved upon their relative the Rev. Moses Hodges Bartholomew of Woodstock. In 1840 the entire manor was bought by the Hon. Henry Hely Hutchinson of Weston by Weedon, Colonel in Her Majesty's army, and was the property of his grandson, Arthur Reynell Pack, Esq., when the manor house and two large fields were bought by the British Peace Centenary Committee early in 1914. SULGRAVE MANOR HOUSE

The manor house, at the eastern extremity of the village, is separated from the road by a field containing some old elms which

124 formerly may have been part of an avenue. The house, a gabled

limestone building of two stories, with dormer window-s, is made up of two blocks at right angles, the south south-east part consisting of a porch and gable, hall and bedroom, all forming part of the original w^ork. The main entrance was through the porch, which has a four centred arch under a square head and label. In the two spandrels are the Washington Arms with the mullets and. bars sunk instead of in relief, that on the left only having a crescent. Unfortunately this coat of arms has been damaged by the weather.

.Over the entrance on the outside is a shield embossed in plaster with the arms defaced, as they have been for at least one hundred

and thirty years. Above this is a window surmounted in the gable by the Royal Arms, which display the lilies of France and the lions of England quartered all within the garter and sup-

ported by dexter a lion, sinister a dragon. Over this is some embossed plaster work and the letters "E. R.," and the Tudorrose and the French fleur-de-lys appear in close conjunction with the coat-of-arms. Evidently the initials stand for "Elizabeth

Regina." Also inside the porch, embossed roughly in plaster, is a lion on one side, and on the other a dragon.

The passage, or "screens," from the porch straight through to the back door was about five feet wide. The original back door from the "screens", to the court has been removed, and a doorwa}'^ in the style of about 1700 has been substituted a little more to the east. The original hall, to the east of the "screens" remains, but

it has been divided. Originally it was about twenty-four and a

half feet in length by eighteen feet in width. At the east end is a fireplace seven feet in width under a mutilated four-centred arch.

The wing w^hich stretches northward at right angles to the old

hall is too far to the west to be part of the original design. It has

no really ancient features in it, and on the ground floor is divided into an oak staircase, of well worked twisted balusters, an oak-

panelled sitting-room and a kitchen. It is stated that at one time

there was a large arch with a porter's lodge over it to the north-

west of the present hall. If that is true then there must have been a court on the north side of the hall with wnngs to the east and

to the west of it. The wing to the east would contain the family apartments and that to the west the kitchen and buttery. The house was at any rate arranged, and at least partly built, on a

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large scale, Perhaps the' original design was never completed,

but from an old account written in 1789 it is known that part of the old buildings had been just recently pulled down. THE WASHINGTON GLASS SHIELDS. From the part pulled down several heraldic glass shields of the Washington family were removed and hung inside the kitchen window. At a later date Col. H. Hely Hutchinson removed at least two of them to Weston Manor House, and six others are now to be seen in Fawsley Church. In chronological order they rep-

resent: No. 1, Washington; No. 2, Washington impaling Kytson;

No. 3, Washington impaling Pargiter; No. 4, Washington im-

paling Light; No. 5, Washington impaling Newce; No. 6, Wash-

ington impaling Butler; No. 7, Wakelyn impaling Washington;

No. 8, a mutilated Washington coat of arms with a confused combination of Knightley quarters inserted. THE WASHINGTON GRAVE The parish church of Sulgrave, dedicated to St. James, and

chiefly built in the decorated style of the fourteenth century, is

situated at the west end of the village. The south porch is Elizabethan and bears the date 1564. At the east end of the south

aisle is the seat belonging to the owners of the manor house, and in

front of it, on the floor, is a grey slab, which originally had six

brasses let into it. Now there are only three. At the top of the slab is a thin enamelled plate showing the Washington mullets and bars, and a crescent denoting the second son can be seen. The brass inscription, which originally was let into the stone below the two brass figures, smce a restoration in 1885 has occupied a position to one side, and reads as follows: "Here lyeth buried ye bodys of Laurence Wasshingto

Gent. & Amee his wyf by whome he had issue iiii sons & vii daught's W'Laurence dyed ye day of an dni & Amee deceased the vi day of October an dni 1564".

It is evident that the husband put down the slab after his wife's decease in 1564, and left spaces for the date of his own death, which occurred in 1584, but was not recorded on the brass by his successor. Above the old incision where the inscription used to be, are the headless brass of Lawrence and the incision for Amee's brass figure, which latter was missing more than one hundred years ago. Under the inscription used to be representa-

126 tions of the four sons and seven daughters in two brass groups, but these were stolen in August, 1889. Below the east window in the south aisle a replica of the monumental inscription over the Washington grave has been inserted with then otification:—"This tablet was erected by representatives of the family, A. D. 1890." At the restoration in 1885, under the Washington Slab, the only coffin plate found was one to the memory of Lydia Jackson, who died in 1741. Her mother's maiden name was Lydia Hodges, daughter of the Rev. Moses Hodges, owner of Sulgrave Manor in the earl}^ part of the eighteenth century. The Washington vault was evidently used by the later owners of the manor. SULGRAVE'S DEBT TO ST. PAUL'S

Among the practices which are now growing into precedents, finally, it is hoped, to become custom is the annual service on the anniversary of George Washington's birthday in St. Paul's Chapel, New York, where Washington himself worshipped when New York was the Capital of the new born United States of America. Two years ago, under the initiative of Col. Brooman, Dr. McComas, Vicar of St. Paul's, invited the Sulgrave Insti- tution to inaugurate a special Sulgrave service in honor of W^ashington and American-British friendship, the ceremony to be followed by a luncheon in the Parish House under the auspices of the ladies of the congregation. Sulgrave gratefully accepted; and now that two services have been successfully held has hopes of establishing this ceremony as an annual event, worthily to be graced by the pres- sence of the President of the United States and other dignitaries, even as this year, 1920, it was honored by the attendance of Mr. Marshall, the Vice-President of the United States, the British Ambassador, the Dutch Minister, Judge Alton B. Parker, Senator Clark, Jacob H. SchilF, his honor the Mayor of Stratford-on- Avon, Mrs. Fairfax, Mrs. Atterbury and other distinguished men and women. Bishop Burch preached the sermon and Dr. Manning and Vicar McComas assisted. DOING GOOD WORK The English Speaking World, a Magazine standing for Amer- ican-British friendship, published at 11 John Street, under the able

127 —

editorship of Messrs. Ernest H. & John A. Bennett and Rev.

Robert Watson, is rapidly working its way into the regard of American readers, and deservedly so.

Its January number is handsomely illustrated and its text very readable. The Landmark, the British magazine of the English-speaking

Union is also working its way into popular favor. SULGRAVE'S SETTLED POLICY

It should be understood that Sulgrave's attitude towards other organization of similar aim is distinctly friendly. Sulgrave believes that a policy that would consolidate all these organizations together in the furthering of a good cause, either because of the mistaken idea that only a certain social few are able successfully to carry on a work of public weal, or even for the reason of overlapping programs— is one not calculated for the best results in any cause.

If the work that any given organization is doing is being well done, and that organization is thriving, then by all means, let it thrive and aid it to grow! It is our duty to help all such work along. Reasonable competition moreover is the life of trade, as well as of all movements of the mind and spirit. It is ideas which give impetus and vitality to spiritual things; and mentality, plus enthusiasm, is worth more than money. Big financial endowments are helpful only after a movement has been strongly founded; in the beginning they are harmful.

Competition in the work of furthering American-British friendship is essential to its well being. The field is ample for all with original ideas. No field, on the other hand, should be occupied by organizations which are created in mere imitation of others, which only have ideas which they have cribbed from others, and whose mission results in jealousies and crowding to the injury of the cause in hand. Sulgrave welcomes and will heartily support every original idea, put out and furthered by any other organization. The job of fostering good will among English speaking

Peoples is a big one; and Sulgrave lives to cultivate friendships therein as the first step towards combined effort and success.

128

Among the purposes for which the Institution is formed are:—

^ To encourage, promote and promulgate the basic sentiments of democracy;

4f To aid in upholding and maintaining the fundamental insti-

tutions of the English-speaking world and in fostering the ideals

which inspired their creation;

4 To bring together into a closer community of interest those

societies, associations and general organizations, together with all

individuals, that are engaged in any work which tends towards the

understanding of Angle-Saxon-Celtic point of view, culture, laws and

related institutions.

LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS

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