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Herbaceous Plants Chart

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Herbaceous Plants Chart Herbaceous Plants1 (Herbaceous Perennials, Annuals, Hardy Bulbs, Tender Bulbs, Landscape Grasses, and Vines) Cold 2 Hardines Pests / Diseases & 4 Flowers / Fruit / Additional Name Soil / Climate Size Exposure s Other Problems Foliage Features Zones3 Herbaceous Perennials Rudbeckia spp.5 3/4-9 Adaptable; will grow Aphids, powdery H: 2-9’ Full sun to Flowers – daisy-like, yellow Native to North America in just about any soil mildew, and leaf spots S: 1-2’ partial shade, to orange in heads with dark- including Minnesota; many Black-Eyed-Susans that is well-drained. are the most common best in full colored centers; showy; named selections and can sometimes be a sun. insect pollinated. (cultivars) based on form & Coneflowers Drought tolerant. problem. and flower characteristics Bloom Time – summer/fall (July-September). are available; form is upright; the species are Several species are native to Minnesota including Rudbeckia hirta (black-eyed Susan, Foliage – leaves alternate, propagated by seed and the Asteraceae gloriosa daisy), Rudbeckia laciniata (cutleaf or green-headed coneflower), and Rudbeckia green, oval to lance-shaped, cultivars by division. Aster/Sunflower triloba (brown-eyed Susan); Rudbeckia fulgida var sullivantii ‘Goldsturm’ (‘Goldsturm’ rough, often hairy, variously Family orange coneflower), native to the eastern and southeastern United States, but not Minnesota, toothed, sometimes lobed. is a very popular garden selection that is commonly planted in Minnesota landscapes; Fruit – an achene (think several other genera share the common name coneflower including Echinacea and Ratibida sunflower “seeds”; greenish [e.g., Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower) and Ratibida pinnata (gray-headed becoming brown, purplish- coneflower); both of these species are native to Minnesota]; all of these species are members brown, gray, or nearly black; of the Asteraceae (Aster/Sunflower Family). matures in fall (September/ October). Chrysanthemum 3/4-9 Adaptable; prefer Susceptible to several H: 1-3’ Full sun to Flowers – single (daisy-like) Native to Asia; many morifolium moist, well-drained pests with aphids, spider S: 1-3’ partial shade; to double, in various shades named selections soil, but will grow on mites, and leaf spots bloom best of white, yellow, orange, (cultivars) have been most soils so long as being the most common. in full sun. pink, orange-red, bronze, developed based on habit, Chrysanthemum they are well-drained. lavender, and purple, in flower characteristics, and Garden Mum heads; two types of flowers cold hardiness; form is Hardy Mum are produced – tubular disk upright to mounded; it is flowers in the center and important to select cold variously-shaped ray flowers hardy types for Minnesota to the outside; insect landscapes including hardy pollinated. varieties developed at the Asteraceae Bloom Time – late summer/ University of Minnesota; Aster/Sunflower the species are propagated Family fall (August-October). by seed, division, and stem Foliage – leaves green, cuttings and the cultivars silvery-green beneath; lobed, by division and stem aromatic. cuttings. Fruit – an achene; matures in late summer/fall (August- October. Hemerocallis 3-9 Very adaptable and Several including H: 1-5’ Full sun to Flowers – variously white, Native to eastern Europe spp. easy to grow; prefer aphids, spider mites, (including partial shade. yellow, gold, peach, orange, and Asia; very popular and moist, organic, slightly thrips, and several leaf flower orange-red, purple, and thousands of named acidic, well-drained diseases. stalks) bicolored or tricolored, selections (cultivars; Daylilies soils, but will grow on Eaten by deer. S: 1-3’ fragrant, in open clusters mostly of hybrid origin) most soils, regardless (cymes) on long scapes based primarily on flower of texture or pH (leafless stalks); individual characteristics (mainly (acidic or alkaline) so flowers last one day; insect color, size, and bloom Liliaceae Lily long as they are well- pollinated. time) have been developed; Family drained. Bloom Time – spring/ plants have short, fleshy Quite drought tolerant summer (June-August; some rhizomes and the form is once established. with repeat bloom). an upright to arching mound; the species is Foliage – leaves, bright propagated by seed and green, basal, strap-like. division and the cultivars Fruit – a capsule; green, by division. becoming tan; matures in fall (September/October). Heuchera spp. 3/4-8 Adaptable; prefer Few serious, but H: 1-2.5’ Full sun to Flowers – flowers small, Native to North America moist, neutral to stem/root rot (on wet (including partial shade. bell-shaped, greenish to including Minnesota; many Coral Bells slightly alkaline soils soils), mealy bugs, and flower yellowish white, pink, rose- named selections that are well-drained, root weevils can stalks) pink, and red, presented well (cultivars) based on Alumroot but will grow on moist sometimes be S: 1-2’ above the mounded leaves foliage, flower, and other soils so long as they problematic. on long scapes (leafless characteristics are are well-drained and stalks); insect pollinated. available; form is a not too acidic. Bloom Time – late spring/ mounded clump; the leaves Saxifragaceae Tend to be intolerant summer (June-September). can be evergreen, but are Saxifrage Family of heavy, clay soils. generally injured during Foliage – leaves dark green, Minnesota winters and are sometimes greenish-purple, replaced by new leaves the Heuchera micrantha (crevice alumroot), Heuchera sanguinea (coral bells), and Heuchera villosa (hairy alumroot) maroon, yellow, yellow- following year; the species and Heuchera americana (American alumroot) are some of the more common species; a sampling of species and green, or copper-colored, are propagated by seed and hybrid cultivars include ‘Berry Smoothie’ (rose-pink, becoming rose-purple foliage, pink flowers ), ‘Amber Waves’ heart-shaped, mostly basal, division and the cultivars (yellow-orange foliage, cream-colored flowers), ‘Blackberry Ice (purple-green foliage, white flowers), ‘Caramel’ on long petioles (leaf stalks), by division. (yellow-orange leaves with rose-purple undersides, pink flowers) ‘Citronelle’ (lime green foliage, ??? flowers), toothed, often with wavy ‘Hollywood’ (purple-green foliage with solver markings, orange-red flowers), ‘Midnight Rose’ (purple foliage with margins or 5 to 9 lobes and pink splotches, ??? flowers), ‘Peppermint Spice’ (silver green foliage with purple veins, rose-pink flowers)‘Palace greenish-white, white, or Purple’ (bronze-purple foliage, pink flowers), and ‘Southern Comfort’ (coral-peach foliage, white flowers). silver markings. Fruit – a capsule; green, becoming tan, insignificant; matures in late summer/fall (August/October). Hosta spp. 3-8 Very adaptable and A few with slugs being H: 0.5-5’ Partial shade Flowers – tubular, white to Native to Asia (China, easy to grow; prefer most common; a virus (including to shade. lavender, often fragrant, held Japan, Korea); thousands Plantain Lilies moist, organic, slightly (Hosta Virus X) is a flower well above the foliage; insect of named selections acid to neutral, well- growing concern. stalks) pollinated. (cultivars) primarily based Hosta drained soils, but will on leaf characteristics and A favorite of deer. S: 0.5-5’ Bloom Time – summer (late grow on just about any June-September). size; very popular and one soil, regardless of of the best plants for shady texture or pH (acidic Foliage – leaves various sites; form is mounded; the or alkaline) so long as shades of green to blue- species are propagated by Liliaceae green, sometimes variegated, Lily Family it is well-drained. seed and division and the basal; some have fairly good cultivars by division. yellow fall color. Fruit – a capsule; green, becoming tan; matures in fall (September). Hylotelephium 3-10 Adaptable; will grow Generally pest-free. H: 1-2’ Full sun to Flowers – white, pink, Native to eastern Europe spp. in any soil that is well- S: 1-2’ partial shade; reddish-purple in dense, flat- and Asia; form is drained. best in full topped clusters (cymes); mounded; very attractive to sun. insect pollinated. butterflies and bees, Stonecrops Drought tolerant. Bloom Time – late especially bumble bees; the Sedum species are propagated by Hylotelephium spectabile (showy stonecrop, ice plant) and Hylotelephium telephium summer/fall (August- October). seed, stem cuttings, and (orpine, live-forever; native to China and Korea) are the most common species; a division and the cultivars number of named selections (cultivars) from these species and hybrids between them Summer Foliage – leaves by stem cuttings and include ‘Autumn Joy’, Brilliant’, ‘Neon’, ‘Meteor’, ‘Autumn Charm’ and ‘Pink Crassulaceae fleshy, light green to blue- division. Chablis’ (variegated foliage), ‘Stardust’ and ‘Iceberg’ (white flowers), and ‘Matrona’, Orpine/Stonecrop green, alternate, opposite, or ‘Black Jack’, and ‘Bon Bon’ (purple foliage) to name a few; the genus Hylotelephium Family whorled. is closely related to, and was originally included in, the genus Sedum (sedum, stonecrop; flowers white, yellow, or pink) which includes several species commonly Fruit – a capsule; green, planted in Minnesota landscapes an on green roofs. becoming light brown; matures in fall (September/ October). Iris spp. 3/4-8 Somewhat variable, Iris borer. H: 0.5-3’ Full sun to Flowers – various shades of Native to temperate regions but generally any S: 1-2’ partial shade. white, yellow, blue, lilac, of the Northern Irises moist, well-drained
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