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06/08 Jahrestagung 2008 DEUTSCH-ÄTHIOPISCHER VEREIN E.V. GERMAN ETHIOPIAN ASSOCIATION www.deutsch-aethiopischer-verein.de Ausgabe Juni 2008 Informationsblätter Jahrestagung 2008 Bild von Äthiopien, unter anderem an der Tatsache, Aktuelle Situation in Äthiopien dass es in den letzten zehn Jahren zu über 8.000 Neu- gründungen von Kapitalgesellschaften kam. Auch die Di- Bericht über den Vortrag von Günter Schröder auf rektinvestitionen aus dem Ausland, auch von dort leben- dem Äthiopien Seminar des „Deutsch –Äthiopischen den Äthiopiern, sind deutlich gestiegen. In der Gesamt- Vereins e.V.“ vom 12.04.2008 wirtschaftsleistung Afrikas liegt Äthiopien hinter Südaf- Gangolf Florack-Genotte rika, Nigeria und Sudan auf den vierten Platz, obwohl Öleinkommen fehlen. Günter Schröder beschrieb die Situation in Äthiopien in Ein weiteres Indiz für die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung ist der die von der EPRDF dominierte Regierung von der die Zunahme von IT-Aufträgen aus dem Ausland, die bestehenden Parteienopposition scharf kritisiert wird. Er ansonsten in Ländern wie Indien vergeben wurden. machte klar, dass auf Grund zahlreicher bestehender Auch im landwirtschaftlichen Bereich wurde auf Grund politischer Defizite man allenfalls von einer „beaufsichtig- der Selbstvermarktung durch die Kooperativen die wirt- ten Demokratie“ in Äthiopien sprechen könne. Anderer- schaftliche Kraft der Erzeuger gestärkt. (zum Beispiel seits gäbe es seit den ersten freien Wahlen Entwicklun- Kaffeeanbau im Süden). Somit verändern regionale gen im Land, die den Vergleich innerstaatlich und auch Wirtschaftseliten die bestehenden Wirtschaftsstrukturen in Bezug auf Gesamtafrika nicht scheuen müssen. Ins- indem Zwischenhändler aus anderen Volksgruppen ihre gesamt steht Äthiopien auch in der demokratischen traditionellen Positionen verlieren. Die Steigerung der Entwicklung besser da als andere afrikanische Staaten. Produktivität im Landwirtschaftsbereich übersteigt die Leider verhindern polarisierende politische Debatten ei- Belastung durch das Bevölkerungswachstum, somit nen konstruktiven Dialog die eine Verständigung der un- wird die Versorgung mit Grundnahrungsmitteln deutlich terschiedlichen politischen Auffassungen verhindern. besser. Hierbei spielt die Aufrechterhaltung von „gesellschaftli- Das pro Kopf Einkommen beträgt z. Zt. 170 $ pro Jahr chen Mythen“ eine wichtige Rolle. (vor zehn Jahren 100 $ pro Kopf) und dies trotz der Basierend auf statistischem Material internationaler Or- deutlichen Steigerung des Bevölkerungswachstums. Bei ganisationen und von Seiten der Äthiopischen Regie- näherer Betrachtung fällt jedoch auf, dass, wie in den rung gab der Referent einen Überblick über einige meisten Entwicklungsgesellschaften, die Schere des Wohlstandes weiter auseinander klafft, das heißt die Bevölkerungsdaten im heutigen Äthiopien schwächsten Bevölkerungsgruppen sind ärmer gewor- So beträgt der Anteil der orthodoxen Christen im Land den zu Gunsten eines sich etablierenden Mittelstandes ca. 50%, andere christliche Religionen machen einen und einer reicher werdenden Wirtschaftselite. Anteil von 15% aus und ca. 30 % sind muslimischen Durch verbesserte Ausbildungsmöglichkeiten (Einschu- Glaubens. Von einer Dominanz islamischer Bevölke- lungsgrad fast 90%) und Ausbau des Hochschulsystems rungsteile kann also keine Rede sein. mit mittlerweile 23 Universitäten nimmt Äthiopien im afri- Der Anteil der Oromo und der Amharen beträgt ca. je kanischen Vergleich mittlerweile eine Spitzenposition 30%, Tigre und Somali je 6% und die restlichen 30% ein. Daraus resultieren neue Bildungseliten, die mit ihren entfallen auf andere Ethnien. Durch die Dezentralisie- veränderten Vorstellungen und Ansprüchen die bisheri- rung und Regionalisierung gibt es nahezu monoethni- sche Regionen, in denen 80% bis 90% einer Ethnie do- Inhalt: minieren. Ausnahmen bilden die großen Städte in denen Aktuelle Situation in Äthiopien............................................. 1 die amharische Bevölkerung vorherrscht. Der Anteil der Future Cooperation between Ethiopia and Eritrea .............. 2 in den Städten lebenden Bevölkerung beträgt aber nur Als Tourist in Äthiopien........................................................ 6 ca. 17%. Aktivitäten von Äthiopien-Initiativen.................................... 8 Im Weiteren beschäftigte sich Günter Schröder mit den Äthiopisch Kochen............................................................... 9 Daten der äthiopischen Gesellschaft und den Links .................................................................................. 10 Leistungen der EPRDF dominierten Regierung Nachrichten ....................................................................... 10 Im Gegensatz zu häufig publizierten Rankings bezüglich Verschiedenes................................................................... 14 Bruttosozialprodukt im internationalen Vergleich zeigt Press Review .................................................................... 16 sich bei Betrachtung der Fakten ein deutlich positiveres Infoblatt Juni 2008 Seite 1 Deutsch-Äthiopischer Verein e.V. Jahrestagung 2008 Aktuelle Situation in Äthiopien gen tradierten Gesellschaftsgruppen herausfordern und bekommt hierdurch den Vorwand, ihre teilweise restrik- die Regierung auch in Zukunft unter Druck setzen, wei- tive Politik zu legitimieren. Diese so genannte „beauf- tere Reformen anzugehen. sichtigte Demokratie“ entspricht in vielen Elementen Im Folgenden widmete sich der Referent dem Thema nicht unseren westlichen Vorstellungen, ist aber im Kon- text des afrikanischen Kontinents durchaus als ent- Regionalisierung wicklungsfähig anzusehen. Günter Schröder stellte fest, dass sich eine sprachliche Abschlussdiskussion Regionalisierung in einer multiliteraten Gesellschaft fest etabliert habe. Die Menschen definierten sich als Mit- In der abschließenden Diskussion wurde die Öffnung glied einer Ethnie sowie als Teil der äthiopischen Ge- des Landes für Biotreibstoff Produktion von vielen Zuhö- sellschaft. Seit der Reform von 1991 haben sich regio- renden problematisiert. nale Verwaltungs- und Wirtschaftseliten in ihren jeweili- Auch der Standpunkt des Referenten über die Ursachen gen Sprachbereich gebildet, die teilweise tradierte he- und die Berechtigung Äthiopiens in Somalia militärisch gemoniale Strukturen fremder Volksgruppen heraus- einzugreifen, um so der zwar international legitimierten fordern und verändern. aber von der Bevölkerung nicht geschätzten Übergangs- regierung in die Machtposition zu verhelfen, wurde in Wirtschaftspolitische Maßnahmen Frage gestellt. Wie alle Entwicklungsländer leidet auch Äthiopien unter Zusammenfassend hat das Referat von Günter Schröder einer Verdreifachung des Ölpreises und einer ständigen als einen seit vielen Jahren mit der äthiopischen Ent- Verteuerung von Grundnahrungsmitteln sowie einer In- wicklung befassten Menschen eine lebhafte und kon- flation, die im zweistelligen Bereich liegt. Hier versucht struktive Diskussion entfacht und sicherlich dazu beige- die äthiopische Regierung durch Investitionen im Bio- tragen, die Entwicklung in diesem Land mit Interesse zu treibstoffanbau und in einer Steigerung der eigenen verfolgen. Nahrungsmittelproduktionen gegen zu steuern. Durch die Einführung so genannter Warenbörsen versucht sie Anmerkung: die Preissteigerung zu kontrollieren. Negative Globalisie- Günter Schröder beschäftigt sich seit 40 Jahren mit rungseffekte werden hierdurch zu mindest abge- dem „ Horn v. Afrika“. Er war für mehrere Organisationen schwächt. als entwicklungspolitischer Berater tätig, ist internatio- Politische Alternativen naler Gutachter für Asylverfahren und hat sich in zahlrei- chen Vorträgen und Publikationen zur Situation in Äthi- Günter Schröder beschrieb eine Opposition, die sich im opien und Eritrea geäußert. Wesentlichen einer destruktiven Fundmentalkritik ver- schworen hat und im Falle ihrer Regierungsübernahme mit dem Sturz des bestehenden Verfassungssystems P.S.: Dem Berichterstatter lag kein schriftliches Manu- droht. Hierdurch wird nach Einschätzung des Referenten skript des Referenten vor. Die vorgelegte Zusammen- die EPRDF dominierte Regierung nicht ermutigt, schnel- fassung entstand aus den persönlichen Notizen und er- ler Liberalisierungsmaßnahmen zu ergreifen sondern hebt nicht den Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Herausgeber: Future Cooperation between Ethiopia Deutsch-Äthiopischer Verein e.V. and Eritrea c/o Rudolf Schoppmann, Am Bildstock 31 48317 Drensteinfurt Prof. Dr. Tesfatsion Medhanie, University of Bremen First of all, I would like to thank the Ethiopian German Redaktion: G. Kopf, H. Storck, Layout: R. Mohn Association for inviting me to give a talk on the future Redaktionsanschrift: relations between Ethiopia and Eritrea. In fact I would Hauptstr. 89, 77746 Schutterwald like to thank you for your interest in the subject. These Tel: +49 (0)781 57875 days –actually since the end of the Cold War, issues E-Mail: [email protected] African, including those on Ethiopia and Eritrea - have been rendered themes of minor importance, though not completely banished from the discourse. Die „Informationsblätter“ des Deutsch-Äthiopischen This is not the first time that I am speaking on this issue. Vereins erscheinen 3 Mal im Jahr. Even though I am addressing this body for the first time, Die Kosten pro Ausgabe betragen 5,50 Euro inkl. it is quite possible that some of you have heard me Porto, das Abonnement 16,50 Euro. Mitglieder er- speak on this theme before. halten die
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