DOCSLIB.ORG

World Bank Document

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
World Bank Document R RNbF[UTO1'- 1 11; t\}COPY RESTRICTED REPORTS DES Annexes II to VII to Report No. WH-119b I WITHINI Public Disclosure Authorized This report was prepared for use within the Bank and its affiliated organizations. They do not accept responsibility for its accuracy or completeness. The report may not be published nor may it be quoted as representing their views. INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Public Disclosure Authorized ANNEXES TO AN APPRAISAL OF THE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Public Disclosure Authorized OF COLOMBIA August 3, 1962 Public Disclosure Authorized Department of Operations Western Hemisphere TABLE OF CONTENTS AIXNEX I Balance of Payments (attached to main report) Annex Tables (attached to main report) II Domestic Financing of Public Investment III Agricultural Production Targets IV Immediate Agricultural Production Support Measures V Production and Investment Targets in Manufacturing VI Petroleum, Coal, and Other Extractive Industries VII Public Investment, by Sectors: Section A. Public Investment in Transportation " B. Public Investment in Electric Power " C. Public Investment in Telecommunications " D. Public Investment in Land and 1:.Tater Development " E. Public Investment in Agrarian Re,form and Low-Income Problem in Agriculture " F. Public Investment in Education " G. Public Investment in Housing " H. Public Investment in Water and Sewerage ANNEX II DOMESTIC FINANCINGFOF PUBLIC IWJB7TINThiT Recent Trends 1. Tn the past, financing of nublic inrestment has relied greatly on public savings, i.e. the surplus of current government revenue over current government exDenditures, as indicated in Table 1: Table 1: FINANCING OF IflS3TM1NUT OF PUBLIC SECTOR J (in millions of pesos at current prices) 1950 1955 1957 1958 19$9 Taxes 724 1,605 1,80k 2,268 2,596 Other Current Revenue 1_8 319 4B5 610 649 Total Current Revenue 872 1,924 2,332 2,878 3,245 Current Expenditures 731 13324 1,608 2,069 2,227 Government Savings 141 6oo 724 809 1,018 Investment Expenditures 251 8L5 867 959 1,161 Government Davings as percent of Investment Expenditures 56 71 84 84 88 j The term"oublic sector!used in this table comprises the national government, the departments, the municipalities, the decentralized institutions and public enterprises (e.g. rower and transport enterprises). Source: Development Plan Although comprehensive data are not available for 1961 and 1962, it is clear that government savings have declined and that substantial reliance has been placed on domestic borrowing for financing public investment. - 2 - ANIEX II DOMESTIC FINANCING CURRENT REVENUE Main Sources of Revenue 2. Structure of Current Revenue. About three-quarters of current revenue is provided by taxes, and the rest by oil royalties, depart- mental monopolies, fees and fines. Of the tax revenue, some 40 percent is attributable to the national income tax. The legislation on income taxcs was substantially changed by enactment of Law 81 of 1960. Under this reform tax rates for taxable incomes of up to 36,000 pesos ($4,500 equivalent) remained unchanged, tax rates on incomes of 36,000-70,000 pesos (C4,500-10,000equivalent) were lcwered, and rates on income higher than 70,000 pesos were increased. Other changes included a more equitable taxation of the different legal forms of enterprises, tax exemptions for basic industries and tax incentives for private savings. A further 20-25 percent of tax revenue is provided by import duties which also accrue entirely to the national government. Present import duties are based on the Tariff Reform Law of 1959, under which duty rates were increased. The remaining 35-40 percent of tax revenue is provided by taxes on the consumption of liquor, beer, tobacco and gaso- line, by taxes on business establishments, real estate property and automotive vehicles, and by a great number of other minor taxes. The majority of these taxes accrues to the municipalities and the depart- ments. The following paragraphs describe income tax and import duties, the main source of revenue. In summary, Colombia has a relatively advanced tax system in comparison with other Latin American countries. 3. Taxes on Income of Natural Persons. The income tax on natural persons consists of a combination of taxes on income, property and excess profits. There is also a special tax, based on a modified taxable income, for financing steel and electric power development. This tax obligation can be discharged in part by subscribing to shares of the Paz del Rio steel company until the capitalization of the company has been comoleted. Livestock owners nay an additional special tax for financing livestock development. Taxation starts theoretically on income above 2,500 pesos a year ($MOO equivalent), but because of deductions for family members most income below 8,000 pesos ($1,200 equivalent) will not be taxable, This explains why the number of taxpayers in Colombia is relatively small. In 1961 some 47o,ooo persons paid income tax, compared to an economically active population of 2.3 million in urban areas. Nevertheless, rising incomes and better tax enforcement have brought about a rapid increase in the number of taxpayers over the last ten years, as shown in the following table: Number of Taxpayers 1952 106,000 1955 138,000 1958 293,000 1961 h68,000 1962 (estimate) 508,000 Source: Ministry of Finance, Division of National Revenue. - 3 - ANNEX II DOMESTIC FINUICING 4. Income Groups and Tax Rates. According to 1959 statistics, about 80 percent of all taxpayers have a taxable income of 12,000 pesos or less. If deductions for family members are taken into account, a taxable income of 12,000 pesos would correspond to a gross income of some 20,000 pesos ($3,000 equivalent), This income group comprises industrial workers and the majority of salaried employees. Total taxes on an income of 12,000 pesos (including the special tax for steel and electric power development) are approximately 4.5 percent, provided that there is no substantial property, Tax rates remain fairly modest for the middle- income groups. A higher-salaried employee, having a taxable income of 22,000 pesos (corresponding to a gross income of about 30,000 pesos or $4,500 equivalent) and a property of 100,000 pesos would pay an aggre- gate rate of 9 percent on his income. However, tax rates on higher earnings go up rapidly, particularly by the addition of the excess profits tax on certain forms of income. A person having a taxable income of 100,000 pesos ($15,000 equivalent) and a property of 300,000 pesos ($hS5,000 equivalent) would pay an aggregate rate of 26-43 percent, according to the type of his income (the lower rate would apply if his income were derived exclusively from his salary). A person with a tax- able income of 250,000 pesos ($37,000 eauivalent) and a property of 1 million pesos ($150,000 eciivalent) would be subject to a maximum aggregate rate of 49 percent. In 1959, only 336 persons wiere reported to have taxable incomes of 250,000 pesos or more. As the above examples show, the rates on higher incomes are fairly substantial even if compared to rates in industrialized countries. The result is that most of the income tax burden is carried by persons in the upper-income brackets. In fact, the 21,000 taxpayers who in 1959 earned 22,000 pesos or more provided more than 80 percent of the income tax revenue (see Table 2 below). Table 2: TAXATION OF N.6TURAL PERSONS 1959 Income Group Number of taxpayers Tax payments in Pesos persons in % of total in. 000 Pesos in %.of total up to 12,000 231,000 82 26,300 8 12 - 22,000 26,000 10 24,000 8 22,000 & more 21,000 8 261,900 84 260,000 E/ 100 312,200 100 a/ This total has been adjusted later to 343,000; however, no breakdown into income groups is available for the adjusted total. Source: Ministry of Finance, Division of National Revenue. - 4 - ANNEX II DflMPSTIC F1JTANTCING 5. Income Tax Enforcement0 The tax on urban incomes is generally well enforced. Every person who wishes to nerform any legal act (e.g., purchase or sale of oroperty) or to deal with govermnent authori- ties (e.g., seeking employ?nent, requesting passports, etc.) whether his income is taxable or not, has to submit a certificate which states that he has complied with the income tax regulations. Enforcement of the tax on rural incomes, however, has been difficult. Special provisions for the valuation of cattle readily permit the establishment of tax losses which can be, and in fact are, offset against income from other activities. There are also provisions under which property which does not produce taxable income can be exempt from the property tax, whith is -- as explained above -- a part of the general income tax. Finally, the valuation of land as such is lagging, and more than half of cadastral land values (except in the Department of Antioquia and in the city of Bogota) are likely to be below actual commercial values. In a great number of recent revaluation cases the new value has been more than double the previous cadastral value. 6. Taxation of Business Profits. Corporations are subject to a graduated corporate tax levied at the rate of 12 percent on the first 100,000 rnesos, 24 percent on the excess of 100,000 pesos up to total profits of 1 million pesos, and 36 percent on larger amounts. They are also subject to special taxes for tlhe development of steel, electric power and housing. Though the graduation of the corporate tax penalizes corporate growth at a certain level, the low initial rate in general does not discourage small business establishments with growth prospects, from availing themselves of the many advantages of tha corporate form.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 190205 USAID Colombia Brief Final to Joslin
    COUNTRY BRIEF I. FRAGILITY AND CLIMATE RISKS II.COLOMBIA III. OVERVIEW Colombia experiences very high climate exposure concentrated in small portions of the country and high fragility stemming largely from persistent insecurity related to both longstanding and new sources of violence. Colombia’s effective political institutions, well- developed social service delivery systems and strong regulatory foundation for economic policy position the state to continue making important progress. Yet, at present, high climate risks in pockets across the country and government mismanagement of those risks have converged to increase Colombians’ vulnerability to humanitarian emergencies. Despite the state’s commitment to address climate risks, the country’s historically high level of violence has strained state capacity to manage those risks, while also contributing directly to people’s vulnerability to climate risks where people displaced by conflict have resettled in high-exposure areas. This is seen in high-exposure rural areas like Mocoa where the population’s vulnerability to local flooding risks is increased by the influx of displaced Colombians, lack of government regulation to prevent settlement in flood-prone areas and deforestation that has Source: USAID Colombia removed natural barriers to flash flooding and mudslides. This is also seen in high-exposure urban areas like Barranquilla, where substantial risks from storm surge and riverine flooding are made worse by limited government planning and responses to address these risks, resulting in extensive economic losses and infrastructure damage each year due to fairly predictable climate risks. This brief summarizes findings from a broader USAID case study of fragility and climate risks in Colombia (Moran et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Detrital U–Pb Provenance, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry of the Cretaceous Colombian Back–Arc Basin
    Volume 2 Quaternary Chapter 8 Neogene https://doi.org/10.32685/pub.esp.36.2019.08 Detrital U–Pb Provenance, Mineralogy, and Published online 25 November 2020 Geochemistry of the Cretaceous Colombian Back–Arc Basin Paleogene Javier GUERRERO1* , Alejandra MEJÍA–MOLINA2 , and José OSORNO3 1 [email protected] Abstract The geology of the Cretaceous Colombian back–arc basin is reviewed con- Universidad Nacional de Colombia Cretaceous sidering detrital U–Pb provenance ages, mineralogy, and geochemistry of samples Sede Bogotá Departamento de Geociencias collected from outcrop sections and wells at several localities in the core of the Eastern Carrera 30 n.° 45–03 Bogotá, Colombia Cordillera, Middle Magdalena Valley, and Catatumbo areas. The data set supports previ- 2 [email protected] ous studies indicating a basin with main grabens in the present–day Eastern Cordillera Universidad Yachay Tech Hacienda Urcuquí s/n y Proyecto Yachay Jurassic between the Guaicáramo/Pajarito and Bituima/La Salina border faults, which operated Urcuquí, Ecuador as normal faults during the Cretaceous. Limestones are common on the western and 3 [email protected] Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos northern sides of the basin, whereas terrigenous strata predominate on the eastern Calle 26 n.° 59–65, segundo piso and southern sides. After the Berriasian, grabens were connected by marine flooding Bogotá, Colombia during the Valanginian, with two main source areas documented by distinct element * Corresponding author Triassic and mineral contents, one in the Central Cordillera magmatic arc and the other in the Guiana Shield. Some elements present in Lower Cretaceous shales, including scan- Supplementary Information: dium, vanadium, and beryllium, are not related to the sediment supply areas for the S: https://www2.sgc.gov.co/ LibroGeologiaColombia/tgc/ basin but instead are linked to Valanginian to Cenomanian hydrothermal activity and sgcpubesp36201908s.pdf Permian dikes of gabbro, diorite, and tonalite emplaced during the main phase of extension in the basin.
    [Show full text]
  • (EIA) for Forest First's Forestry Project in Puerto Carreño-Vichada
    Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Forest First’s Forestry Project in Puerto Carreño-Vichada (Colombia) Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures ....................................................................................................................................................... viii List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................................... xiv 1 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 19 1.1 Concise project description ................................................................................................................. 23 1.1.1 Type of project ................................................................................................................................ 23 1.1.2 Location .......................................................................................................................................... 23 1.1.3 Justification ..................................................................................................................................... 26 1.1.4 Procedures, information collection, processing and analysis ......................................................... 32 1.1.5 Study’s
    [Show full text]
  • Feasibility Study for Development of Cashew-Based Farming Operations in Vichada J
    CPP_CS18-3 Feasibility Study for Development of Cashew-Based Farming Operations in Vichada J. Lowenberg-DeBoer Professor Emeritus of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University Elizabeth Creak Chair in Agri-Tech Economics, Harper Adams University Paul V. Preckell Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue University Carlos Fontanilla PhD Student, Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue University Email Contact: [email protected] Introduction – The economic development of Vichada is constrained by a small labor force and high transport costs (Department of Vichada, 2016). The total population of the Department is estimated at 75,468 (Dane, 2017). If the labor force participation in 2016 of Puerto Carreño of 66.2% is representative, the total labor force for the department is only about 50,000. Vichada has only a few kilometers of hard surfaced road, mostly streets in the capital Puerto Carreño. In 2012 there were only 1.14 km of paved interurban highway in the department. There is no highway connection to the rest of Colombia. Also, there is no railroad connection of any kind. River transport is often cited as the best option for Vichada, but the Meta River link to Puerto Gaitan is only usable during the high-water period of the rainy seasons. Because Meta River transport is slow and subject to many uncertainties, it used mainly for durable goods. The main exception is the shipment of about 30,000 cattle annually by river to markets in Meta Department. The Orinoco River is navigable throughout the year, but because of political disagreements with neighboring Venezuela, the Orinoco is seldom used for shipping.
    [Show full text]
  • Security Council Distr.: General 26 March 2020
    United Nations S/2020/239 Security Council Distr.: General 26 March 2020 Original: English United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia Report of the Secretary-General I. Introduction 1. The present report is submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2487 (2019), by which the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia, and Council resolution 2366 (2017), in which it requested the Secretary-General to report on the implementation of the mandate of the Mission every 90 days. The report covers the period from 27 December 2019 to 26 March 2020. II. Major contextual developments 2. Efforts by newly inaugurated regional and local administrations to incorporate peace implementation into their governing agendas were a key feature of the reporting period. On 1 January 2020, all 32 new governors, of whom two are women, over 1,100 new mayors, of whom 131 are women, and departmental assemblies and municipal councils took office throughout Colombia, following the October 2019 departmental and local elections, the first since the signing of the Final Agreement for Ending the Conflict and Building a Stable and Lasting Peace. Governors and mayors have begun the process of crafting their departmental and local development plans, which will guide their priorities for the next four years. The Government has been working with them to encourage local and regional ownership of peace-related programmes. In several regions, former members of the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP) have been taking part in these participatory processes for the formulation of regional and local development plans.
    [Show full text]
  • The Colombian Side of the Colombian-Brazilian Border. An
    Luis Fernando Trejos Rosero/The Colombian side of the Colombian-Brazilian border The Colombian side of the Colombian-Brazilian border: An approach using the category of lawless areas1 El lado colombiano de la frontera Colombo-brasilera. Una aproximación desde la categoría de área sin ley Luis Fernando Trejos Rosero* Received: December 26, 2013. Accepted: October 22, 2014. Abstract This study uses the category of lawless areas as an approach to the complex security situation resulting from increasing ties between localized criminality and transnational organized crime networks on the Colombian side of the Colombian-Brazilian border. The permanent presence of illegal armed actors in this border area is largely caused by the absence and weak presence of the Colombian State at its margins. The methodology used is both bibliographic and descriptive. Keywords: Failed State, border, lawless area, guerrilla, drug trade. Resumen En este trabajo se realiza una aproximación desde la categoría de área sin ley, a la compleja situación de seguridad generada por los crecientes vínculos de la criminalidad local con redes del crimen organizado transnacional en el lado colombiano de la frontera colombo-brasilera. El establecimiento permanente de actores armados ilegales en este espacio fronterizo se debe en gran medida a la ausencia y débil presencia del Estado colombiano en sus periferias. El abordaje metodológico es de tipo bibliográfico y descriptivo. Palabras clave: Estado fallido, frontera, área sin ley, guerrilla, narcotráfico. * Universidad del
    [Show full text]
  • Colombia As South America’S Sleeping Giant, Awakening to Its Vast Potential
    National Geographic describes Colombia as South America’s sleeping giant, awakening to its vast potential. “The Door of the Americas” offers guests a cornucopia of natural wonders alongside sleepy, authentic villages and vibrant, progressive cities. The diverse, tropical country of Colombia is a place where tourism is now booming, and the turmoil and unrest of guerrilla conflict are yesterday’s news. Today tourists find themselves in what seems to be the best of all destinations... panoramic beaches, jungle hiking trails, breathtaking volcanoes and waterfalls, deserts, adventure sports, unmatched flora and fauna, centuries old indigenous cultures, and an almost daily celebration of food, fashion and festivals. The warm temperatures of the lowlands contrast with the cool of the highlands and the freezing nights of the upper Andes. Colombia is as rich in both nature and natural resources as any place in the world. It passionately protects its unmatched wildlife, while warmly sharing its coffee, its emeralds, and its happiness with the world. It boasts as many animal species as any country on Earth, hosting more than 1,889 species of birds, 763 species of amphibians, 479 species of mammals, 571 species of reptiles, 3,533 species of fish, and a mind-blowing 30,436 species of plants. Yet Colombia is so much more than jaguars, sombreros and the legend of El Dorado. A TIME magazine cover story properly noted “The Colombian Comeback” by explaining its rise “from nearly failed state to emerging global player in less than a decade.” It is respected as “The Fashion Capital of Latin America,” “The Salsa Capital of the World,” the host of the world’s largest theater festival and the home of the world’s second largest carnival.
    [Show full text]
  • Caracterización De La Biodiversidad De La Selva De Matavén Caracterización Dela Biodiversidad Dela Selva Dematavén Colombia, Diversa Pornaturaleza
    Caracterización de la biodiversidad de la selva de Matavén Caracterización de la biodiversidad de la selva de Matavén de la selva de la biodiversidad Caracterización Colombia, diversa por naturaleza Colombia, diversa por naturaleza Caracterización de la biodiversidad de la selva de Matavén Con el apoyo financiero de: © Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt y Asociación de Cabildos y Autoridades Tradicionales Indígenas de la selva de Matavén (Acatisema) Todos los textos pueden ser tomados parcial o totalmente citando la fuente. CONTRIBUCIÓN IAvH # 435 COORDINACIÓN EDITORIAL Claudia María Villa G. COORDINACIÓN DEL PROYECTO Mauricio Álvarez-Rebolledo REVISIÓN TÉCNICA Juan Manuel Díaz M. COMPILACIÓN Y SELECCIÓN DE TEXTOS Marcela Santamaría FOTOGRAFÍA Francisco A. Nieto Montaño Banco de Imágenes Ambientales IAvH DISEÑO Y DIAGRAMACIÓN John Aref Khatib P. - Carlos González (Ediprint Ltda.) IMPRESIÓN Alianza Ediprint Ltda. - Guerra Editores Bogotá, D. C., Colombia Octubre de 2009 1.000 ejemplares ISBN: 978-958-8343-36-5 CITACIÓN SUGERIDA: Obra completa: Villarreal-Leal H., Álvarez-Rebolledo M., Hi- guera-Díaz M., Aldana-Domínguez J., Bogotá- Gregory J. D., Villa-Navarro F. A., Von Hildebrandt P., Prieto-Cruz A., Maldo- nado-Ocampo J. A., Umaña-Villaveces A.M., Sierra S. y Forero F. 2009. Caracterización de la biodiversidad de la selva de Matavén (sector centro-oriental) Vichada, Colombia. Insti- tuto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt y Asociación de Cabildos y Autoridades Tradicio- nales Indígenas de la selva de Matavén (Acatisema). Bogotá, D. C., Colombia. 186 p. + DVD. Por capítulos: Prieto-Cruz A. 2009. Vegetación. 97-114 pp. En: Villarreal-Leal H., Álvarez-Rebolledo M., Higuera-Díaz M., Aldana-Domínguez J., Bogotá- Gregory J.
    [Show full text]
  • Colombia Coca Cultivation Survey June 2006
    Government of Colombia Colombia Coca Cultivation Survey June 2006 Colombia Coca Survey for 2005 Abbreviations CICAD Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission COP Colombian Pesos DANE National Department of Statistics DEA US Drugs Enforcement Agency DIRAN Colombian Anti-Narcotics Police DNE National Narcotics Office DNP National Planning Department ICMP Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme INCB International Narcotics Control Board IDB Inter-American Development Bank IDP Internally Displaced People PDA Alternative Development Programme PCI Presidential Programme against Illicit Crops RSS Colombian Social Solidarity Net SIMCI II Integrated Illicit Crops Monitoring System UIAF Special Administrative Unit on Information and Financial Analysis UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. US$ United States Dollars Acknowledgements The following organizations and individuals contributed to the implementation of the 2005 coca cultivation survey in Colombia, and to the preparation of the present report: Government of Colombia: Ministry of Interior and Justice National Narcotics Office -DNE Colombian Anti-Narcotics Police -DIRAN Ministry of Defence Colombia Agency for International Cooperation –ACCI Presidential Agency for Social Action and International Cooperation UNODC: Rodolfo Llinás, SIMCI Project Coordinator Orlando González, Digital Processing Expert Sandra Rodríguez, Digital Processing Expert Zully Sosa, Digital Processing Expert Maria Isabel Velandia, Digital Processing Expert Martha Paredes, Research and Analysis Expert Leonardo Correa,
    [Show full text]
  • Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in Puerto Carreño, Vichada, Colombia
    10TH ANNIVERSARY ISSUE Check List the journal of biodiversity data NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 11(1): 1518, January 2015 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.1.1518 ISSN 1809-127X © 2015 Check List and Authors New records of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in Puerto Carreño, Vichada, Colombia Helena Brochero1* and Jan E. Conn2, 3 1 Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 No. 45 -03, Edificio 500, campus, Bogotá, Colombia 2 Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12159, USA 3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Malaria is endemic in Vichada department in the field specimens, we present two new records of Anopheles Orinoquia region of Colombia. Reports of species in the ge- mosquitoes for Vichada department and five for Puerto nus Anopheles Meigen 1818, responsible for transmission of Carreño municipality. Plasmodium spp. parasites leading to malaria cases, should re- Adult mosquitoes collections were conducted during three sult in strengthened entomological surveillance and a clearer consecutive nights in a house where malaria cases were previ- focus on the most effective vector control strategies. Here we ously reported, using a human landing catch (HLC) method present new records of Anopheles (Anopheles) shannoni Davis, indoors and outdoors from 18:00 to 06:00 h, by a team of four 1931 and A. (A.) costai & forattini for Vichada department, Co- collectors (WHO 1975). The HLC protocol was approved by the lombia. Additionally, we have new records of A.
    [Show full text]
  • Grouped Project for Commercial Forest Plantations Initiatives in the Department of Vichada
    GROUPED PROJECT FOR COMMERCIAL FOREST PLANTATIONS INITIATIVES IN THE DEPARTMENT OF VICHADA Document Prepared By South Pole Carbon Asset Management SAS and Carbono & Bosques South Pole Carbon Asset Management Ltd T +57 4 352 4428; [email protected] Corporación Carbono & Bosques T +57 4 230 0876; [email protected] CONTENIDO GENERAL SECTION ............................................................................................................. 5 G1. Project Goals, Design and Long-term Viability............................................................ 5 G1.2. Define the project’s climate, community and biodiversity objectives. ...................... 5 G2. Without-project Land Use Scenario and Additionality ............................................... 32 G3. Stakeholder Engagement .......................................................................................... 39 G4. Management Capacity ............................................................................................... 47 G5. Legal Status and Property Rights .............................................................................. 49 CLIMATE SECTION ............................................................................................................. 54 COMMUNITY SECTION ...................................................................................................... 55 CM1. Without-Project Community Scenario ..................................................................... 55 CM2. Net Positive Community Impacts
    [Show full text]
  • Ffc Project Description
    1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AUGUST 2020 REPRODUCTION NOT PERMITTED WITHOUT FOREST FIRST COLOMBIA S.A.S. CONSENT 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION Our sustainable forestry plantations provide economic opportunities in one of the most remote rural regions of Colombia. Our strategic intent is to demonstrate global leadership in forestry products by pioneering and developing sustainable plantation forestry in the Orinoquia Region of Colombia. To do this, we acknowledge the importance of continuous learning and have identified areas for improvement. We strive to balance the needs of the environment, wildlife, and communities by adopting an ecosystems-based approach that includes land stewardship, the inclusion of diverse stakeholders, and promotion of local economic development. The decision to base our operations in Colombia was based on over two years of research and stakeholder engagement. To ensure our operations have a positive impact required us to conduct an extensive due diligence process to select a region that both we and our stakeholders felt confident could experience an overall betterment as a result of the establishment of a sustainable plantation forestry. After an exhaustive process, the Vichada region of Colombia was identified and selected as an ideal location for several reasons. The total area of Vichada is just over 100,000 km2 (10 million ha), which is primarily classified as degraded grasslands. These lands have historically had little to no productive use. Local farmers have used it for grazing a few head of cattle, but due to a lack of infrastructure and market access, they are suffering, and cattle farming has decreased considerably. Residents purposely set uncontrolled grassfires over vast areas to clear out the existing grassland and to encourage the growth of new grass.
    [Show full text]