Ass. Univ. Bull. Environ. Res. Vol. 15 No. 2 October 2012

Ass. Univ. Bull. Environ. Res. Vol. 15 No. 2 October 2012

AUCES

STUDIES ON THE FLORA OF : 2-FLORA OF TOOR AL-BAHA DISTRICT, LAHEJ GOVERNORATE, YEMEN Abdo, M. A. Dahmash*; Othman S. S. Hamood** and Salah, M. I. El-Naggar*** *Biology Department, Faculty of science, Sana, a Uuiversity, Yemen **Biology Department, Faculty of Education, Aden Uuiversity, Yemen ***Botany Department , Faculty of science, Assiut Uuiversity,

ABSTRACT: Toor Al-Baha of Lahej governorate (Yemen) lies between latitudes 12° 58` - 13° 20` N, and longitudes 44° 11` - 44° 39`E, has been studied floristically. This region covers about 1883 sq km. Analysis of the floristic composion of the studied area have been carried out and proved that, about 560 taxa belong to 288 genera and 89 families of the vascular have been recorded. Of these, the largest families are: Poaceae, Asteraceae, Asclepiadaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Acanthaceae, , Lamiaceae, Boraginaceae, Malvaceae, Solanaceae, Mimosaceae, Tiliaceae, Amaranthaceae, , Convolvulaceae and Scrophulariaceae, while the largest genera are: Euphorbia, , Grewia, Heliotropium, Indigofera, Barleria, Eragrostis, Aloe, Hibiscus, Solanum, Tephrosia, Cadaba, Crenulluma, Ficus, Justicia, and Senna. It was also noted that the generic index = 1.94. Sixty eight succulents taxa belong to eighteen families were recorded in the flora of the studied area, among these families six are the richest ones: Asclepiadaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Aloaceae, Aizoaceae, Crassulaceae and Vitaceae. Twenty eight taxa are endemic to flora of Yemen, among them Rhytidocaulon splendidum T. A. McCoy is endemic to Toor Al-Baha only. Another thirty four taxa are found to be near endemic to the flora of Yemen.

INTRODUCTION: the south, Sultanate of in the east, and the Red Sea in the west (Fig. 1). Yemen contains The Republic of Yemen lies in the one of the most diverse floras of the Arabian southwestern corner of the Arabian Peninsula. Peninsula region (Wood, 1997 and Al-Dubai, It extends between latitudes 12° 40` to 19° 00` N. 1998). The flora of this country is characterized and longitudes 42° 30` to 53° 05` E. It is by its high diversity and density, particularly in bordered by Kingdom of in the the South and West regions, that makes it a north, the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden in complex one. This flora having affinities with

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the floras of the Tropical African, Sudanese Dhalaa governorates and some parts of Taiz region, the Saharo-Arabian region, the governorate, in the south by Aden governorate

Mediterranean countries and the Irano- and the Gulf of Aden (Fig. 1). Lahej governorate Turanian region (Zohary, 1973; Al-Hubaishi & consists of 15 districts. Toor Al-Baha district is Muller-Hohenstein, 1984; Takhtajan, 1986; one of them. It extends between latitudes 12° 58` White & Léonard, 1991; Akhan, 2007). - 13° 20` of the North Latitude and 44° 11` - 44° The flora of Yemen is very rich and diverse. 39`of the East Longitude, with an area of about Species diversity is a result of considerable 1883 sq km. It represents about 14.4 % of total climatic changes in former periods, which area of the governorate. The central of this enabled different species to survive in the district distances from Al-Hawtah district (the different ecological habitats. Previous studies capital of Lahej governorate) about 68 km east. reported that, there are about 2810 species Toor Al-Baha district is bordered by Al- belong to 1006 genera and 173 families in Qubaytah district in the north, Al-Maqatrah Yemen. Of these about 2559 are naturalized, district, Al-Madaribah and Ras Al-Aarah 121 cultivated and 111 introduced (Al-Khulaidi, district in the west, Tuban district in the east 2000). On the other hand, Yemen is rich in the and by Gulf of Aden and parts of Aden endemic plants, with estimated to be 415 plant governorate in the south (Fig. 1). species (236 in Socotra). The majority of The topography of the study area comprises endemic taxa in Yemen are associated with different habitats. Of these are: mountains, mountainous areas, which provides a rich intermountain basins (Wadis), alluvial plains, variety of ecological niches and offers a degree hills, slopes and sandy dunes, with altitudinal of environmental stability during periods of ranging between 200-1488 m a. s. l. The geology climate changes. Endemism is generally very of study area is characterized by exposures of high among the succulent plants. The largest rock units from the Paleozoic ages (Proterozoic) numbers of endemic species are found within to the Quaternary. The oldest units are of the Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Acanthaceae, basement rocks composed in dominant from Boraginaceae and taking into metamorphic rocks of schist and gneiss which account the Stapeliad genera (, intruded by granite, diorite and grano-diorite Duvalia, Huernia and Rhytidocaulon) (Al- bodies, this type of rocks exposed particularly in Khulaidi, 2000; Ministry of Water and the most northern part of the studied area Environment, 2010). (Strojexport Foreign Trade Corporation, 1988). The study area is a district of Lahej There are a few studies on the flora and governorate, located at the southwestern part of vegetation of Toor Al-Baha, as a distinct area, Yemen. This governorate is bounded in the east were carried out, of these are: White & Sloane by Abyan governorate, in the west by Taiz (1937); Albers & Meve (2002) and McCoy governorate, in the north by Al-Bayda, Al- (2003). Some other scholars studied the flora of

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Toor Al-Baha among the southern governorates Al-Gifri & Gabali (1991). of Yemen such as: Gabali & Al-Gifri (1990);

Fig. 1: Map of Yemen (modified afterhttp://www.worldatlas. com/web image/ country's/ asia/ye.htm), showing political map of Lahej governorate with browsing the location of study area -Toor Al-Baha (modified after Ministry of the Local administration)

The present study aims to carry out a selected area, to analysis the floral composition comprehensive survey of the natural flora of the of the studied area and to give an annotated

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checklist of the flora of the studied area as a alphabetically. Voucher specimens for each step towards understanding the flora of Yemen taxon reported are kept in each of: Herbarium as a whole. of Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Sanaa University, Herbarium of Biology MATERIALS AND METHODS: Departement, Faculty of Education, Aden University (Yemen) and the Herbarium of The field studies were carried out through Assiut Universty, Egypt (ASTU). several trips during the different seasons between 2008 and 2011. About 4-8 (-10), trips RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: per month were conducted. One hundred sites and 280 quadrates were selected to cover all the A total number of the which different habitats and floral composition of the has been recorded from the studied area is 560 studied area. For each taxon at least three taxa related to 288 genera and 89 families duplicates of representative plant specimens (Fig. 2). These numbers are very high comparing were collected, with respect to their coordinates with those have been recorded from other (latitude, longitude and altitude using GPS regions or governorates of Yemen, even their systen). climates are humid arid. If we have a look at the The collected specimens (un-diseased, and previous results of the floristic composition in not seriously damaged by insects or other other governorates of Yemen, we can note that, agencies) including and or as well the flora of the studied district is very rich and as and stems (Plants of small or moderate diverse. size, herbs and small shrubs), were dug up Based on the data from the literature, carefully and collected as a whole, including the Gabali and Al Gifri (1990), recorded only 467 underground parts (roots, rhizomes, tubers and taxa from the whole southern governorates of bulbs). Yemen. Also Boulos in 1988 visited the southern The plant specimens were pressed in the governorates (Abyan, Aden, Hadhramout, field and transported to be continued in the Lahej and Shabwah) with other Yemenis laboratory. When the specimens were botanists and they recorded 378 taxa of all these completely dried, each individual specimen was governorates. On the other governorates even mounted on a herbarium sheet. For each taxon the climate is humid arid, wetter, (high rainfall collected at least three dried specimen were and low temperate) as in Ibb, Al-Mahweet, mounted on herbarium sheet and labeled. Hadhramout and Hauf district (Al-Mahrah) the Arrangement of the families in the present number of the collected taxa was less than that work was followed the system proposed by collected from Toor Al-Baha. Aqlan in 2008 Cronquist, 1981, while the genera and species reported that about 416 taxa from Ibb within each family were arranged governorate. Ibrahim (2006) recorded about 385

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taxa from Al-Mahweet governorate. While, different genus is relatively more diverse than from Hadhramout governorate, Al Khulaidi that a region with the same number of species (2010) recorded about 469 taxa of the whole but belong to a few number of genera governorate. After different studies on the (Hawksworth, 1995; Khedr et al., 2002). vegetation of Hauf district, Hussein (2006) From the recorded 89 families in the present recorded 236 taxa only. investigation, there are only three families of As we usually state that the flora of Toor Pteridophyta which represent 3.37% of the Al-Baha district is very rich floristically, since it recorded families, while only one family of the comprises about 560 taxa. This number Gymnospermae was recorded, which represent represents about 22% of the whole flora of 1.12% of the total number of the recorded Yemen (2559 species) (Al-Khulaidi, 2000). Also families, thus indicates that the flora of this the present results proved that the flora of Toor region is poor in the vascular non flowering Al-Baha is rich in the genera since its genera plants (Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae). The represent about 29% of the total genera in the above results are natural and agree with the whole flora of Yemen (288/1006). The number global floral composition (Cronquist, 1981). The of the families in the flora of Toor Al-Baha is remaining families are 85 are belonging to the constituted about 51% of the families in the Angiospermae which divided into two main flora of Yemen as a whole (89/173). This means groups: Dicots (71 families) and Monocots (14 that the flora of Toor Al-Baha is relatively the families). The number of dicots families richest part of Yemen in its floristic composition represents 79.78%, while the number of the till now. Thus, it may be owing to the biotic, monocots represents 15.73% of the total climatic and topographic factors. number of the recorded families (Fig. 2). In the flora of Yemen the number of genera At the generic level the Pteridophyta in proportion to that of species are 2.54, comprise six genera (2.08%), while according to (Al-Khulaidi, 2000). This is very Angiospermae comprise 281 genera (97.57%). low figure comparing with the global average Of these the dicots comprise about 237genera proportion, which are about 13.6. The present (82.29%), while the monocots are represented studies indicate that the flora of Toor Al-Baha by 44 genera (15.28%). At the specific level, the goes below the average level of the Yemenis Pteridophyta comprise eight species (1.43%). flora where the number of species per genus is while the rest 551 species (98.39%) belong to 1.94. This means that the flora of Toor Al-Baha Angiospermae. Of these the dicots are district is more diverse floristically than that of represented by 470 species (83.93%), and Yemenis flora, as the region that has a certain the monocots comprise 81species (14.46%) numbers of species each of which belongs to a (Fig. 2).

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Numbers Numbers

Angiospermae

Spermatophyta

Systematic unit

Fig. 2: Numbers of families, genera and species in the flora of Toor Al-Baha by major plant groups (Species including infraspecific taxa), (The numbers are inserted above the columns)

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On the other hand from the present results index 560/288 was 1.94. From the present of the flora of Toor Al-Baha, the largest families results we can emphasis the high diversity of the of the dicots are: Asteraceae (39 sp., 26 g.), Ascl- flora of the selected area. The present results epiadaceae (34 sp., 21 g.), Euphorbiaceae (34 sp., agree with those of Ghazanfar, 1992.

9 g.), Fabaceae (30 sp., 10 g.), Acanthaceae (28 The succulent plants are of a great sp., 13 g.), Capparaceae (19 sp., 6 g.), Lamiaceae ecological significance, particularly in arid and (18 sp., 9 g.), Boraginaceae (18 sp., 6g.), semi-arid parts of Yemen or the Arabian Malvaceae (17 sp., 7 g.), Solanaceae (15 sp., 6 Peninsula. They store water in their stems, g.), Mimosaceae (14 sp., 2 g.), Tiliaceae (13 sp., 2 leaves or roots, a characteristic feature adopted g.), Amaranthaceae (12 sp., 8 g.), Cucurbitaceae by several plants to withstand high temperature (12 sp., 7 g.), Convolvulaceae (12 sp., 5 g.) and and low precipitation. In Yemen, the succulents Scrophulariaceae (11sp., 6 g.) while, the largest are usually seen in shallow depressions and dry family of the monocots is Poaceae (49 species places with low altitudes and along the Aden and 27 genera) (Figs. 3 & 4). Regarding the Gulf and the Red Sea coasts. In the study area, number of taxa belong the families the present approximately, 68 species belonging to 18 results are in agreement with those of families are generally recognized as succulent. Ghazanfar, 1992 and Al Khulaidi, 2000. These Some of the families, which are rich in succulent families represent a high percentage (about species, are Aizoaceae, Aloaceae, Asclepia- 66%) of the total genera and species of the daceae, Crassulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and studied area. Vitaceae. These results are in agreement with The present results revealed that, the largest those of (McCoy, 2003). The succulent habit of genera are: Euphorbia (19 species), followed by the plants may be reflect the dominant climatic Acacia (12 species), Grewia, Heliotropium and factors in this region since the plants modify Indigofera (10 species for each), Barleria and their parts leaves, stems and inflorescences to Eragrostis (8 species for each), Aloe, Hibiscus, storage the available water in the wet rainy Solanum and Tephrosia (7 species for each), seasons to survive in the dry seasons. Cadaba, Crenulluma, Ficus, Justicia, and Senna There are three species viz.: (6 species for each) (Fig. 5). The analysis of the dipsaceus Ehrenb. ex Spach (Cucurbitaceae), present data proved that, there are sixteen Dactyloctenium robecchii (Chiov.) Chiov. genera have number of species represent about (Poaceae) and Helichrysum glumaceum DC. 24.11% of the total species recorded in the (Asteraceae) are recorded here, for the first studied area, about 181 genera in Toor Al-Baha time in Toor Al-Baha. Previously, these three are represented by only one species, 46 genera species were reported, that they are found in have only two species and 22 genera represented Socotra Island only (Al-Khulaidi, 2000).

by 3 species. It was also noted that the generic

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One of the most distinct features of the flora Aden (Republic of Yemen). Fragm. Flor. of Yemen is the high percentage of the endemic Geobot. , Vol. 35(1-2): 89-95. plants among its components (Al-Hubaishi & Al-Hubaishi, A. A. & Muller-Hohenstein, K. Muller-Hohenstein, 1984; Wood, 1997; (1984): An Introduction to the vegetation Al-Khulaidi, 2000). of Yemen: Ecological basis, floristic The present results revealed that there are composition and human influence. about 28 species belong to 22 genera and 14 Published by Deutsche Gesellschaft families are endemic to the flora of Yemen. In Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), addition to the endemic species to the flora of Eschborn, West Germany. Yemen there are also about 34 species belong to Al-Khulaidi, A. A. (2000): Flora of Yemen. 27 genera and 20 families are near endemic to (SEMP, YEM/97/100) EPC, Sana’a, Yemen (endemic to Saudi Arabia Oman and Yemen. Yemen) Appendix (1). Al-Khulaidi, A. A. (2010): The vegetation of the The present results of the flora of Toor Al- Hadhramout. Abstracts Compendium of Baha has revealed the importance of this region Seventh Scientific Conference of the in terms of plant biodiversity, and particularly Yemeni Biological Society, Sana'a. of endemic and near-endemic species, which Aqlan, E. M. K. (2008): Studies on the flora of urgently require further management and Ibb governorate, Republic of Yemen. conservation activities. Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis, Fac. of Sci. Sana'a Univ. . REFERENCES: Boulos, L. (1988): A contribution to the flora of Akhan, H. (2007): Diversity biogeography and South Yemen (PDRY). Candollea, Vol. photosynthetic pathways of Argusia and 43: 549-585. Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) in South- Cronquist, A. (1981): An integrated system of West Asia with an analysis of phytogeo- classification of flowering plants. Colu- graphical units. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 155: mbia Univ. Press, New York, NY, USA. 401-425. Gabali, S. A. & Al-Gifri, A. N. (1990): Flora of Albers, F. & Meve, U. (2002): Illustrated South Yemen-Angiospermae A provisi- handbook of succulent plants: Asclepiad- onal checklist. Feddes Repert. Berlin, aceae. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Vol.101 (7-8): 373-383. Berlin, Germany, 318 pp . Ghazanfar, S. A. (1992): Quantitative and Al-Dubaie, A. S. (1998): Vegetation degradation biogeographic analysis of the flora of and desertification in Yemen. Taiz Univ. the Sultanate of Oman. Global Ecology Research J. Vol. 1: 44-59. Biogeography letters, Vol. 2(6): 189- Al-Gifri, A. N. & Gabali, S. A. (1991): Notes on 195. the distribution of shrubs and trees in

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Hawksworth, D.L. (1995): Biodiversity: measur- and environment, Republic of Yemen, ement and estimation. Chapman and 100 pp. Hall, London. 140 pp . Strojexport Foreign Trade Corporation (1988): Hussein, M. A. (2006): Natural wild flora and Final report on the integrated Geological vegetative composition of Hauf forest. mapping of the western part of the Univ. Aden J. of Nat. and Appl. Sci., Vol. former P.D.R. Yemen. Strojexport 10(2): 277- 289. Foreign Trade Corporation: Czechosl- Ibrahim, H. M. (2006): Studies on the flora of ovakia Prague, 517 pp. Al-Mahweet governorate, Republic of Takhtajan, A. (1986): Floristic Regions of the Yemen. Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis, Fac. World. University of California Press, of Sci. Sana'a Univ. California. Khedr, A. A.; Cadotte, M. W.; El-Keblawy, A. White, A. & Sloane, B.L. (1937): The . & Loveti-Doust, J. (2002): Phytogentic 3 vols. Abbes San Encino Press, diversity and ecological feature in the Pasadena, California, USA, 1185 pp. Egyptian flora. Biodiversity and Conser- White, F. & Léonard, J. (1991): Phytogeo- vation, 11: 1809-1824. graphical links between Africa and McCoy, T. A. (2003): Rhytidocaulon splendid- Southwest Asia. Flora et Vegetatio um McCoy A new species from Muhndi, Vol. 9: 229-246. southwestern Yemen. Cact. and Succ. J. Wood, J. R. I. (1997): A handbook of the Yemen (U.S.), Vol. 75(4):154-157. flora. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK, Ministry of Water and Environment (2010): 434 pp . Fourth national report, Assessing Zohary, M. (1973): Geobotanical foundations of Progress towards Target-the 4th national the Middle East. 2 Vols. Gustav Fischer CBD report July, 2009 .Environment Verlag, Stuttgart. 739 pp . Protection Authority, Ministry of water

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Appendix (1): List of plant species recorded in the study area with their families (* = Endemic to Yemen ; ** = Near endemic)

Actiniopteridaceae (2): Cactaceae (2): Actiniopteris radiata (Swartz) Link. Opuntia dillenii (Ker-Gawl.) Haw. Actiniopteris semiflabellata Pic.-Ser. Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller. Adiantaceae (5): Chenopodiaceae (5): Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Chenopodium murale L. Adiantum incisum Forssk. Chenopodium schraderianum Schultes. Cheilanthes coriacea Decne. Halothamnus bottae Jaub. & Spach subsp. niger Kothe- Negripteris scioana (Chiov.) Pic.-Ser. Heinrich.* Onychium divaricatum (Poir.) Alston. Salsola spinescens Moq. Selaginellaceae (1): Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) Zohary. Selaginella imbricata (Forssk.) Spreng. Amaranthaceae (12): Cupressaceae (1): Achyranthes aspera L. Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl. Aerva javanica (Burm. f.) Juss. ex Schult. var. javanica. Aristolochiaceae (1): Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. Alternanthera pungens Kunth. Amaranthus graecizans L. subsp. graecizans. Menispermaceae (1): Amaranthus lividus L. Cocculus pendulus (J. R. & G. Forst.) Diels Amaranthus sparganiocephalus Thell. Papaveraceae (2): Amaranthus spinosus L. Argemone mexicana L. Digera muricata (L.) Mart. subsp. muricata. Argemone ochroleuca Sweet. Psilotrichum gnaphalobryum (Hochst.) Schinz. Pupalia lappacea (L.) A. Juss. var. velutina (Moq.) Hook. f. Ulmaceae (1): Saltia papposa (Forssk.) Moq*. Celtis africana Burm. f. Portulacaceae (2): Moraceae (8): Dorstenia barnimiana Schweinf. Portulaca oleracea L. subsp. oleracea. Portulaca quadrifida L. Dorstenia foetida (Forssk.) Schweinf. subsp. foetida. Ficus cordata Thunb. subsp. salicifolia (Vahl) C. C. Berg. Molluginaceae (4): Ficus glumosa Delile. Corbichonia decumbens (Forssk.) Exell. Ficus ingens (Miq.) Miq. Glinus lotoides L. Ficus palmata Forssk. subsp. palmate. Limeum obovatum Vicary. Ficus sycomorus L. subsp. sycomorus. Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser. Ficus vasta Forssk. Caryophyllaceae (4): Urticaceae (2): Cometes abyssinica R. Br. Forsskaolea tenacissima L. Herniaria hirsuta L. Forsskaolea viridis Webb. Minuartia filifolia (Forssk.) Mattf. Nyctaginaceae (7): Polycarpaea repens (Forssk.) Aschers & Schweinf. Boerhavia diffusa L. Polygonaceae (1): Boerhavia elegans Choisy subsp. stenophylla (Boiss.) A. G. Rumex vesicarius L. Miller. Boerhavia erecta L. Tiliaceae (13): Commicarpus grandiflorus (A. Rich.) Standl. Corchorus depressus (L.) Stocks. Commicarpus helenae (J. A. Schultes) Meikle. Corchorus tridens L. Commicarpus mistus Thulin. Corchorus trilocularis L. Commicarpus plumbagineus (Cav.) Standl. Grewia arborea (Forssk.) Lam. Grewia erythraea Schweinf. Aizoaceae (4): Grewia schweinfurthii Burrett Aizoon canariense L. Grewia tembensis Fresen. Trianthema crystallina (Forssk.) Vahl. Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fiori. Trianthema triquetra Willd. Grewia trichocarpa Hochst. ex A. Rich. Zaleya pentandra (L.) C. Jeffrey. Grewia velutina (Forssk.) Vahl. Gisekiaceae (1): Grewia sp. A. Gisekia pharnaceoides L. var. alata M. Gilbert. Grewia sp. B. Grewia sp. C.

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Sterculiaceae (3): Maerua macrantha Gilg. Melhania denhamii R. Br. Maerua oblongifolia (Forssk.) A. Rich. Melhania stipulosa J. R. I. Wood. Maerua sp. Sterculia africana (Lour.) Fiori. Malvaceae (17): Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) (6): Abutilon bidentatum A. Rich. Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.) Boiss. Abutilon figarianum Webb. Farsetia linearis Decne. ex Boiss**. Abutilon fruticosum Guill. & Perr. Farsetia longisiliqua Decne. Cienfuegosia welshii (T. Anders.) Garcke. Farsetia stylosa R. Br. Gossypium arboreum L. Farsetia sp. Hibiscus aristaevalvis Garcke. Schouwia purpurea (Forssk.) Schweinf. Hibiscus cannabinus L. Hibiscus micranthus L. f. Moringaceae (1): Hibiscus palmatus Forssk. Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori. Hibiscus purpureus Forssk. Resedaceae (2): Hibiscus trionum L. Ochradenus baccatus Delile. Hibiscus vitifolius L. Reseda sphenocleoides Defl**. Pavonia arabica Hochst. & Steud. ex Boiss. Pavonia flavoferruginea (Forssk.) Hepper & J. R. I. Wood. Sapotaceae (2): Senra incana Cav. Mimusops laurifolia (Forssk.) Friis. Sida alba L. Sideroxylon mascatense (A. DC.) Pennington. Sida ovata Forssk. Primulaceae (2): Cistaceae (1): Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. Arvensis var. coerulea Gouan. Helianthemum stipulatum (Forssk.) C. Chr. Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. foemina (Mill.) Schinz & Thell. Tamaricaceae (1): Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. Crassulaceae (4): Passifloraceae (1): Kalanchoe alternans (Vahl) Pers**. Adenia venenata Forssk. Kalanchoe bentii Hook. f. subsp. bentii*. Cucurbitaceae (12): Kalanchoe deficiens (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. var. glabra Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. Raadts**. Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt. Kalanchoe yemensis (Defl.) Schweinf*. Corallocarpus glomeruliflorus (Defl.) Cogn. Mimosaceae (14): Corallocarpus schimperi (Naud.) Hook. f. Acacia asak (Forssk.) Willd. Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb. ex Spach Acacia edgeworthii T. Anders. Cucumis melo L. subsp. agrestis (Naud.) Grebensc. Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne Cucumis prophetarum L. subsp. dissectus (Naud.) C. Jeffrey. Acacia etbaica Schweinf. subsp. uncinata Brenan Cucumis prophetarum L. subsp. Prophetarum. Acacia hamulosa Benth. Cucumis pustulatus Naud. ex Hook. F. Acacia hunteri Oliv*. Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn. Acacia johnwoodii Boulos**. Momordica balsamina L. Acacia laeta R. Br. ex Benth. Zehneria anomala C. Jeffrey. Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth. Capparaceae (19): Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile subsp. indica (Benth.) arabica Pestalozzi**. Brenan. Cadaba baccarinii Chiov. Acacia oerfota (Forssk.) Schweinf. Cadaba farinosa Forssk. subsp. Farinose. Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne subsp. Tortilis. Cadaba glandulosa Forssk. Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce. Cadaba heterotricha Stocks. Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Cadaba longifolia DC. Cadaba rotundifolia Forssk. Caesalpiniaceae (9): Capparis cartilaginea Decne. Delonix elata (L.) Gamble. Cleome brachycarpa Vahl ex DC. Parkinsonia aculeata L. Cleome gynandra L. Senna alexandrina Mill. Cleome paradoxa R. Br. ex DC. Senna holosericea (Fresen.) Greuter. Cleome scaposa DC. Senna italica Mill. Cleome viscosa L. Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby. Dipterygium glaucum Decne. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link. Maerua angolensis DC. Senna sophera (L.) Roxb. Maerua crassifolia Forssk. Tamarindus indica L.

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Fabaceae (30): Euphorbiaceae (34): Astragalus sp. Acalypha ciliata Forssk. Cadia purpurea (Picc.) Ait. Acalypha fruticosa Forssk. var. fruticosa. Crotalaria emarginella Vatke. Acalypha indica L. Crotalaria incana L. Chrozophora oblongifolia (Delile) A. Juss. ex Spreng. Crotalaria pycnostachya Benth. subsp. Pycnostachya. Croton lobatus L. Crotalaria senegalensis (Pers.) DC. Euphorbia balsamifera Ait. subsp. adenensis (Defl.) Bally. Indigofera arabica Jaub. & Spach. Euphorbia cuneata Vahl subsp. Cuneata. Indigofera argentea Burm. f. Euphorbia fractiflexa S. Carter & J. R. I. Wood**. Indigofera coerulea Roxb. var. coerulea. Euphorbia fruticosa Forssk*. Indigofera coerulea Roxb. var. occidentalis Gillett & Ali. Euphorbia granulata Forssk. var. glabrata (Gay) Boiss. Indigofera colutea (Burm. f.) Merr. Euphorbia granulata Forssk. var. granulate. Indigofera hochstetteri Bak. Euphorbia greuteri N. Kilian, Kürschner & P. Hein*. Indigofera oblongifolia Forssk. Euphorbia heterophylla L. Indigofera semitrijuga Forssk. Euphorbia hirta L. Indigofera spinoflora Boiss. Euphorbia inarticulata Schweinf**. Indigofera spinosa Forssk. Euphorbia indica Lam. Microcharis tritoides (Bak.) Schrire subsp. Tritoides. Euphorbia longituberculosa Boiss. Ormocarpum yemenense Gillett**. Euphorbia prostrata Ait. Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. var. prostrata (Harv.) Meikle. Euphorbia qarad Defl*. Rhynchosia pulverulenta Stocks. Euphorbia schimperi Presl. Rhynchosia schimperi Hochst. ex Boiss. Euphorbia schimperiana Scheele. Sesbania leptocarpa DC. Euphorbia serpens Kunth. Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. subsp. apollinea (Delile) Euphorbia triaculeata Forssk. Hosni & El- Karemy. Euphorbia uzmuk S. Carter & J. R. I. Wood*. Tephrosia heterophylla Vatke. Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt. Tephrosia quartiniana Cuf. ex Greuter & Burdet. Jatropha curcas L. Tephrosia subtriflora Hochst. ex Bak. Jatropha pelargoniifolia Courb. var. pelargoniifolia. Tephrosia uniflora Pers. Jatropha spinosa Vahl. Tephrosia sp. A. Micrococca mercurialis (L.) Benth. Tephrosia sp. B. Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Maréchal. Phyllanthus fraternus Webster Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. Lythraceae (1): Phyllanthus rotundifolius Willd. Lawsonia inermis L. Ricinus communis L. Thymelaeaceae (1): Rhamnaceae (3): Gnidia somalensis (Franch.) Gilg. Ziziphus mucronata Willd. Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. Combretaceae (2): Ziziphus sp. Combretum molle R. Br. ex G. Don. Vitaceae (4): Terminalia brownii Fresen. Cissus quadrangularis L. Loranthaceae (4): Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl. Oncocalyx doberae (Schweinf.) A. G. Miller & J. A. Cyphostemma digitatum (Forssk.) Descoings. Nyberg*. Cyphostemma ternatum (J. F. Gmel.) Descoings. Phragmanthera austroarabica A. G. Miller & J. A. Nyberg**. Balanitaceae (1): Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile var. aegyptiaca. Plicosepalus acaciae (Zucc.) Wiens & Polh. Plicosepalus curviflorus (Benth. ex Oliv.) Tieghem. Linaceae (1): Linum volkensii Engl. Viscaceae (1): Polygalaceae (4): Viscum cruciatum Sieb. ex Boiss. Polygala abyssinica R. Br. ex Fresen. Celastraceae (2): Polygala erioptera DC. Maytenus parviflora (Vahl) Sebsebe. Polygala irregularis Boiss. Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell. Polygala senensis Klotzsch. Sapindaceae (2): Salvadoraceae (2): Allophylus rubifolius (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Engl. var. Dobera glabra (Forssk.) Poir. rubifolius. Salvadora persica L. Pappea capensis Eckl. & Zeyh.

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Burseraceae (5): nivalis (J. F. Gmel.) D. V. Field & J. R. J. Wood. gileadensis (L.) C. Chr. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. Commiphora kataf (Forssk.) Engl. Pergularia tomentosa L. Commiphora kua (Royle) Vollesen Periploca aphylla Decne. Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. Periploca visciformis (Vatke) K. Schum. Commiphora schimperi (O. Berg) Engl. Rhytidocaulon splendidum T. A. McCoy*. Anacardiaceae (2): Sulcolluma hexagona (Lavranos) Plowes**. Pistacia falcata Becc. ex Mart. Sulcolluma shadhbana (Lavranos) Plowes**. Rhus flexicaulis Bak. Sulcolluma shadhbana (Lavranos) Plowes var. barhana Meliaceae (2): (Lavranos & L. E. Newton) Plowes**. Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Solanaceae (15): Turraea parvifolia Defl. Datura innoxia Miller. Zygophyllaceae (7): Datura metel L. Fagonia indica Burm. f. var. indica. Datura stramonium L. Fagonia indica Burm. f. var. schweinfurthii Hadidi. Lycium shawii Roem. & Schult. Fagonia paulayana Wagner & Vierh. Nicotiana glauca R. C. Graham. Tribulus macropterus Boiss. var. arabicus (Hosni) Physalis angulata L. Al-Hemaid & J. Thomas**. Solanum coagulans Forssk. Tribulus pentandrus Forssk. Solanum cordatum Forssk. Tribulus terrestris L. Solanum forsskaolii Dunal. Zygophyllum simplex L. Solanum glabratum Dunal. Oxalidaceae (1): Solanum incanum L. Oxalis corniculata L. Solanum nigrum L. Geraniaceae (1): Solanum villosum Miller subsp. miniatum (Bernh. ex Willd.) Geranium biuncinatum Kokwaro. Edmonds. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) (2): Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Conium maculatum L. Withania sp. Oreoschimperella arabiae-felicis (C. C. Townsend) C. C. Convolvulaceae (12): Townsend var. laevis C. C. Townsend**. Convolvulus arvensis L. Gentianaceae (1): Convolvulus hystrix Vahl Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce. Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. Apocynaceae (2): Hildebrandtia africana Vatke subsp. arabica Sebsebe**. Acokanthera schimperi (DC.) Schweinf. Ipomoea dichroa Choisy. Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult. Ipomoea eriocarpa R. Br. Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth. Asclepiadaceae (34): Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker-Gawl. Angolluma chrysostephana (Defl.) Plowes*. Seddera arabica (Forssk.) Choisy. Angolluma deflersiana (Lavranos) Plowes**. Seddera latifolia Hochst. & Steud. Blyttia spiralis (Forssk.) D. Field & J. R. I. Wood. Seddera virgata Hochst. & Steud. Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait. f. Seddera sp. Caralluma subulata (Forssk.) Decne**. Boraginaceae (18): Crenulluma cf. arabica (N. E. Br.) Plowes*. Arnebia hispidissma (Lehm.) DC. Crenulluma awdeliana (Defl.) Plowes*. Cordia monoica Roxb. Crenulluma sp. A. Cordia nevillii Alston. Crenulluma sp. B. Cordia sinensis Lam. Crenulluma sp. C. Echium rauwolfii Delile. Crenulluma sp. D. Ehretia abyssinica R. Br. ex Fresen. Cynanchum viminale (L.) L. subsp. stipitaceum (Forssk.) Ehretia obtusifolia Hochst. ex A. DC. Meve & Liede. Heliotropium aegyptiacum Lehm. Desmidorchis penicillata (Defl.) Plowes. Heliotropium bottae Defl*. Duvalia sulcata N. E. Br. subsp. seminuda (Lavranos) Heliotropium longiflorum (A. DC.) Jaub. & Spach var. Meve**. longiflorum. Duvalia sulcata N. E. Br. subsp. Sulcata**. Heliotropium ovalifolium Forssk. scutellata (Defl.) A. Berger subsp. Scutellata*. Heliotropium pterocarpum (DC.) Hochst. & Steud. ex Edithcolea sp. nov*. Bunge. Glossonema boveanum (Decne.) Decne. Heliotropium rariflorum Stocks. Glossonema varians (Stocks) Benth. ex Hook. f. Heliotropium strigosum Willd. var. bicolor (Hochst. & Huernia rubra Plowes*. Steud.) Schwartz. Leptadenia arborea (Forssk.) Schweinf. Heliotropium strigosum Willd. var. cordofanum (Hochst.) Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) Decne. Schweinf. Marsdenia schimperi Decne. Heliotropium zeylanicum (Burm. f.) Lam. Monolluma quadrangula (Forssk.) Plowes**. Heliotropium sp. Odontanthera radians (Forssk.) D. V. Field. Trichodesma trichodesmoides (Bunge) Gürke.

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Verbenaceae (5): Blepharis ciliaris (L.) B. L. Burtt. Chascanum marrubifolium Fenzl ex Walp. Crossandra johanninae Fiori. Lantana camara L. Dyschoriste radicans Nees. Lantana viburnoides (Forssk.) Vahl. Ecbolium gymnostachyum (Nees) Milne-Redh. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene. Ecbolium viride (Forssk.) Alston. Priva adhaerens (Forssk.) Chiov. Justicia calyculata Defl. Justicia debilis (Forssk.) Vahl. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) (18): Justicia flava (Vahl) Vahl. Ballota sp. Justicia heterocarpa T. Anders. subsp. heterocarpa. Endostemon tenuiflorus (Benth.) M. Ashby. Justicia ladanoides Lam. Lavandula dhofarensis A. G. Miller**. Justicia odora (Forssk.) Lam. Lavandula pubescens Decne. Lepidagathis calycina Hochst. ex Nees. Lavandula setifera T. Anders. Megalochlamys violacea (Vahl) Vollesen. Leucas alba (Forssk.) Sebald**. Peristrophe paniculata (Forssk.) Brummitt. Leucas glabrata (Vahl) R. Br. var. glabrata. Ruellia discifolia Oliv. Leucas inflata Benth. Ruellia patula Jacq. Leucas urticifolia (Vahl) Sm. var. urticifolia. Ruellia sp. Micromeria imbricata (Forssk.) C. Chr. Ocimum filamentosum Forssk. Pedaliaceae (1): Ocimum forsskaolii Benth. Pedalium murex L. Ocimum spicatum Defl. Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Bignoniaceae (1): Otostegia fruticosa (Forssk.) Schweinf. ex Penz. subsp. Rhigozum somalense Hall. f. fruticosa. Plectranthus hyemalis J. R. I. Wood*. Rubiaceae (4): Plectranthus montanus Benth. Kohautia aspera (Heyne ex Roth) Bremek. Teucrium yemense Defl**. Kohautia caespitosa Schnizl. Plantaginaceae (1): Pavetta longiflora Vahl subsp. longiflora**. Plantago lanceolata L. Wendlandia arabica Defl. subsp. arabica. Oleaceae (2): Asteraceae (Compositae) (39): Jasminum grandiflorum L. subsp. floribundum (R. Br. ex Acanthospermum hispidum DC. Fresen.) P. S. Green. Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff. Olea europaea L. subsp. cuspidata (Wall. Ex G. Don) Ciferri. Blepharispermum yemense Defl. Scrophulariaceae (11): Blumea bovei (DC.) Vatke. Anticharis arabica Endl. Echinops erinaceous Kit Tan**. Anticharis glandulosa Aschers. Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Anticharis senegalensis (Walp.) Bhandari Erigeron bonariensis L. Campylanthus junceus Edgew. Flaveria trinervia (Spreng.) C. Mohr. Campylanthus yemenensis A. G. Miller*. Helichrysum glumaceum DC. Kickxia scalarum Schweinf. ex D. A. Sutton**. Iphiona mucronata (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. Kickxia woodii D. A. Sutton. Iphiona scabra DC. Schweinfurthia pedicellata (T. Anders.) Balf. f. Kleinia odora (Forssk.) DC. Schweinfurthia pterosperma (A. Rich.) A. Braun Kleinia pendula (Forssk.) DC. Scrophularia arguta Sol. Laggera decurrens (Vahl) F. N. Hepper & J.R. I. Wood. Striga angustifolia (D. Don.) C. J. Saldanha. Launaea intybacea (Jacq.) Beauverd. Launaea massauensis (Fresen.) Sch. Bip. ex Kuntze. Orobanchaceae (2): Launaea petitiana (A. Rich.) N. Kilian. Cistanche phelypaea (L.) Cout. Osteospermum vaillantii (Decne.) Norl. *Cistanche rosea Bak. Pegolettia senegalensis Cass. Acanthaceae (28): Pluchea indica (L.) Less. subsp. indica. Acanthus arboreus Forssk*. Pluchea indica (L.) Less. subsp. yemenensis King-Jones*. Anisotes trisulcus (Forssk.) Nees Pluchea ovalis (Pers.) DC. Asystasia guttata (Forssk.) Brummitt. Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill.) D'Arcy. Barleria acanthoides Vahl. Psiadia punctulata (DC.) Vatke. Barleria hildebrandtii S. Moore. Pulicaria jaubertii Gamal-Eldin. Barleria hochstetteri Nees. Pulicaria petiolaris Jaub. & Spach. Barleria parviflora R. Br. ex T. Anders. Pulicaria schimperi DC. Barleria prionitis L. subsp. appressa (Forssk.) Brummitt & J. Pulicaria somalensis O. Hoffm. subsp. schweinfurthii Gamal- R. I. Wood**. Eldin**. Barleria proxima Lindau. Reichardia tingitana (L.) Roth. Barleria trispinosa (Forssk.) Vahl. Sonchus oleraceus L. Barleria sp.

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Cont. Asteraceae (Compositae): Eragrostis papposa (Roem. & Schult.) Steud. Tagetes minuta L. Eragrostis tremula (Lam.) Hochst. Ex Steud. Tridax procumbens L. Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stap f. Vernonia arabica F. G. Davies. Lasiurus scindicus Henrard. Vernonia cinerascens Sch. Bib. Leptothrium senegalense (Kunth) Clayton. Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka. Vernonia spatulata (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. ex Asch. Ochthochloa compressa (Forssk.) Hilu. Volutaria albicaulis (Defl.) J. R. I. Wood**. Odyssea mucronata (Forssk.) Stapf. Xanthium spinosum L. Panicum turgidum Forssk. Xanthium strumarium L. Paspalum dilatatum Poir. Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. Arecaceae (Palmae) (2): Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart. Sporobolus angustifolius A. Rich. Phoenix dactylifera L. Stipagrostis lumose (Desf.) De Winter. Stipagrostis lumose (L.) Munro ex T. Anders. Commelinaceae (6): Tetrapogon cenchriformis (A. Rich.) Clayton. Aneilema forskalei Kunth. Tetrapogon tenellus (K. D. Koenig ex Roxb.) Chiov. Commelina albescens Hassk. Tetrapogon villosus Desf. Commelina benghalensis L. Tragus berteronianus Schult. Commelina erecta L. Commelina forsskaolii Vahl. Agavaceae (1): Commelina imberbis Ehrenb. ex Hassk. Agave sisalana Perrine. Cyperaceae (3): Alliaceae (1): Cyperus falcatus Nees. Allium subhirsutum L. Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperus sp. Amaryllidaceae (1): Crinum album (Forssk.) Herb**. Poaceae (Gramineae) (49): Asparagaceae (1): Aristida abnormis Chiov. Asparagus africanus Lam. Aristida adscensionis L. Aristida ferrilateris S. M. Phillips Aloaceae (7): Aristida mutabilis Trin. & Rupr. *Aloe inermis Forssk*. Arundo donax L. *Aloe irafensis Lavranos, McCoy & Gifri*. Brachiaria lata (Schumach.) C. E. Hubb. **Aloe niebuhriana Lavranos**. Brachiaria leersioides (Hochst.) Stapf. **Aloe officinalis Forssk**. Brachiaria ovalis Stapf . Aloe rivierei Lavranos & L. E. Newton**. Cenchrus ciliaris L. Tetrapogon cenchriformis (A. Rich.) Clayton. Cenchrus pennisetiformis Hochst. & Steud. Aloe sabaea Schweinf**. Chloris barbata Swartz. Aloe sp. Chrysopogon plumulosus Hochst. Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng. Dracaenaceae (3): Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. Dracaena ombet Kotschy & Peyr. Dactyloctenium aristatum Link. Sansevieria ehrenbergii Schweinf. Ex Bak. Dactyloctenium robecchii (Chiov.) Chiov. Sansevieria forskaoliana (Schult. F.) Hepper & J. R. I. Wood. Dactyloctenium scindicum Boiss. Hyacinthaceae (4): Dichanthium foveolatum (Delile) Roberty. Albuca abyssinica Jacq. Digitaria abyssinica (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) Stapf. Dipcadi filifolium Bak. Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler. Dipcadi serotinum (L.) Medic. Digitaria pennata (Hochst.) T. Cooke. Dipcadi viride (L.) Moench. Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase. Velloziaceae (1): Enneapogon persicus Boiss. Xerophyta arabica (Bak.) N. Menezes**. Eragrostis aspera (Jacq.) Nees. Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau. Colchicaceae (1): Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex Janch. Littonia revoilii Franch. Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. Eragrostis lepida (A. Rich.) Hochst. Ex Steud. Orchidaceae (1): Eragrostis minor Host. Eulophia petersii (Reichb. F.) Reichb. F..

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دراﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻠورة اﻟﯾﻣن : 2 - ﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ ﻟﺣﺞ- اﻟﯾﻣن

ﻋﺑده ﻣﺣﻣد دھﻣش*، ﻋﺛﻣﺎن ﺳﻌد ﺳﻌﯾد ﺣﻣود**، ﺻﻼح ﻣﺣﻣد إﺑراھﯾم اﻟﻧﺟﺎر***

* ﻗﺳم ﻋﻠوم اﻟﺣﯾﺎة - ﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﻠوم - ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺻﻧﻌﺎء – اﻟﯾﻣن ** ﻗﺳم ﻋﻠوم اﻟﺣﯾﺎة - ﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺗرﺑﯾﺔ - ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻋدن - اﻟﯾﻣن *** ﻗﺳم اﻟﻧﺑﺎت - ﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﻠوم - ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ أﺳﯾوط - ﻣﺻر

ﺗﻧﺎوﻟت اﻟدراﺳﺔ اﻟﺣﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﻓﻠورة ﻣدﯾرﯾﺔ طور اﻟﺑﺎﺣﺔ (ﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ ﻟﺣﺞ، اﻟﺟﻣﻬورﯾﺔ اﻟﯾﻣﻧﯾﺔ) ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻔﺻﯾل واﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل ﺣﯾث ﺗﻘﻊ ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﺑﯾن ﺧطﻲ ﻋرض 58' 12˚ - 20' 13˚ ﺷﻣﺎﻻً ، وﺧطﻰ طول 11' 44˚ ́ - 39' 44˚ ́́ ﺷرﻗﺎ ◌ً ، ﺑﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﺗﻘدر 1883 ﻛم ﻣرﺑﻊ. أُﺟرﯾت ﻫذﻩ اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻔﺗرة ﻣﺎ ﺑﯾن 2008-2011م ﻣن ﺧﻼل رﺣﻠﺔ اﺳﺗﻛﺷﺎﻓﯾﺔ ﺗم ﻓﯾﻬﺎ ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻣوﻗﻊ ﻣﺧﺗﻠف ﻣن أرﺟﺎء اﻟﻣدﯾرﯾﺔ ﺗﻣﺛّﻠت ﻓﯾﻬﺎ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻣواﺋل اﻟﻣﺗوﻓرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣدﯾرﯾﺔ، وﻛذﻟك ﻣﻧﺎطق ﺗواﺟد اﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت ﺑﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﺣﯾث ﻧظﻣت رﺣﻼت دورﯾﺔ ﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﻛﺎﻧت ﺑﻣﻌدل 4-6 رﺣﻼت ﺧﻼل اﻟﺷﻬر اﻟواﺣد، وازدادت ﻫذﻩ اﻟرﺣﻼت ﻓﻲ ﻣواﺳم اﻷﻣطﺎر، وﻛذا ﻣواﺳم إزﻫﺎر اﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت. ﻓﺷﻣﻠت اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﻛﻼً ﻣن اﻟﻣﺳطﺣﺎت واﻟﻛﺛﺑﺎن اﻟرﻣﻠﯾﺔ، واﻟودﯾﺎن، واﻟﻣرﺗﻔﻌﺎت اﻟﺗﻼﻟﯾﺔ واﻟﺟﺑﻠﯾﺔ ﺑﻣﺧﺗﻠف ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻋن ﺳطﺢ اﻟﺑﺣر. وأﺳﻔرت اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﻋن ﺗﺳﺟﯾل 560 وﺣدة ﺗﺻﻧﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺗﻧﺗﻣﻲ ﻟـِ 288 ﺟﻧﺳﺎً ﻓﻲ 89 ﻓﺻﯾﻠﺔ ﻧﺑﺎﺗﯾﺔ. ﺳﺟﻠت ﺛﻣﺎﻧﯾﺔ أﻧواع ﺗﻧﺗﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﺳرﺧﺳﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯾن ﺳ ُﺟﱢل ﻧوعٌ واﺣدٌ ﻓﻲ ﺿﻣن ﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت ﻣﻌراة اﻟﺑذور. ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ اﻟﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻛﺎن ﺿﻣن ﻛل ﻣن ﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت ذوات اﻟﻔﻠﻘﺗﯾن (470 ﻧوﻋﺎً ) وﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت ذوات اﻟﻔﻠﻘﺔ اﻟواﺣدة (81 ﻧوﻋﺎً ). وأﺛﺑﺗت اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ أن أﻛﺛر اﻟﻔﺻﺎﺋل اﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﯾﺔ ﺗﻧوﻋﺎً وﺗﻣﺛﯾﻼً ﻛلﱞ ﻣن: اﻟﻔﺻﯾﻠﺔ اﻟﻧﺟﯾﻠﯾﺔ، اﻟﻣرﻛﺑﺔ، اﻟﻠﺑﯾﻧﯾﺔ (اﻟﺳوﺳﺑﯾﺔ)، اﻟﻔراﺷﯾﺔ، اﻷﻛﺎﻧﺛﺎﺳﯾﺔ، اﻟﻛﺑﺎرﯾﺔ، اﻟﺷﻔوﯾﺔ، اﻟﺑوراﺟﯾﻧﯾﺔ، اﻟﺧﺑﺎزﯾﺔً، اﻟﺑﺎذﻧﺟﺎﻧﯾﺔ، اﻟطﻠﺣﯾﺔ، اﻟزﯾزاﻓوﻧﯾﺔ (اﻟﺗﯾﻠﯾﺔ)، اﻷﻣراﻧﺗﯾﺔ (ﻋرف اﻟدﯾك)، اﻟﻘرﻋﯾﺔ، اﻟﻌﻠﯾﻘﯾﺔ وﻓﺻﯾﻠﺔ ﺣﻧك اﻟﺳﺑﻊ. وﺑﯾّﻧت اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ أن أﻛﺛر ﻣن 29 ﻓﺻﯾﻠﺔ ﻧﺑﺎﺗﯾﺔ ﺗﻣﺛﻠت ﺑﻧوعٍ واﺣد ﻓﻘط. واﺗّﺿﺢ أن أﻛﺛر اﻷﺟﻧﺎس ﺗﻧوﻋﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺿﻣن ﻓﻠورة طور اﻟﺑﺎﺣﺔ ﻫﻲ: Euphorbia, Acacia, Grewia, Heliotropium Indigofera, Barleria, Eragrostis, Aloe, Hibiscus, Solanum, Tephrosia, Cadaba, Crenulluma, Ficus, Justicia and Senna .

وﺗﺑﯾن أن 181 ﺟﻧﺳﺎً ﺗﻣﺛﻠت ﻓﻲ ﻧوعٍ واﺣدٍ ﻓﻘط. وأﺳﻔرت اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﻋن ﺗﺳﺟﯾل 68 ﻧوﻋﺎً ﻧﺑﺎﺗﯾﺎً ﺗﻧﺗﻣﻲ ﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ اﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﻐﺿﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ 18 ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻧﺑﺎﺗﯾﺔ، ﺳﺟﻠت ﻣﻧﻬﺎ 6 ﻋﺎﺋﻼت ﻧﺑﺎﺗﯾﺔ ﻛﺎﻧت اﻷﻛﺛر واﻷوﻓر ﺑﺎﻷﻧواع اﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﯾﺔ اﻟﻐﺿﺔ، وﻫﻲ: اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﺷﺎرﯾﺔ، اﻟﻠﺑﯾﻧﯾﺔ، اﻟﺻﺑﺎرﯾﺔ، اﻟﻐﺎﺳوﻟﯾﺔ، اﻟﻛراﺳﯾوﻟﯾﺳﯾﺔ واﻟﻌﻧﺑﯾﺔ. أﻣﺎ ﺑﺧﺻوص اﻷﻧواع اﻟﻣﺳﺗوطﻧﺔ ﻓﻘد أﺳﻔرت اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﻋن ﺗﺳﺟﯾل 28 ﻧوﻋﺎً ﻧﺑﺎﺗﯾﺎً ﻣن ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﻣﺳﺗوطﻧﺎً ﻓﻲ اﻟﯾﻣن و 34 ﻧوﻋﺎً ﻧﺑﺎﺗﯾﺎً آﺧر ﻣﺳﺗوطﻧﺎً ﻓﻲ اﻟﯾﻣن واﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ وﻋﻣﺎن. ووﺟد ﻣن ﺿﻣن اﻷﻧواع اﻟﻣﺳﺗوطﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﯾﻣن ﻧوﻋﺎً ﯾﻧﺗﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﺷﺎرﯾﺔ (Rhytidocaulon splendidum T.A. AcCoy) ﻣﺗوطن ﻓﻲ طوراﻟﺑﺎﺣﺔ ﻓﻘط. وﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻣﺗوﺻﱠل إﻟﯾﻬﺎ ﺗﺑﯾن أن ﻣدﯾرﯾﺔ طور اﻟﺑﺎﺣﺔ ﻏﻧﯾﺔ ﺟداً ﺑﺎﻷﻧواع، وﻫﻲ اﻷﻛﺛر ﺗﻧوﻋﺎً وﺗﺑﺎﯾﻧﺎً ، وﺗﺣﺗﺎج إﻟﻰ اﻫﺗﻣﺎم ﻛﺑﯾر وﻋﻧﺎﯾﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ﻣﺣﻣﯾﺔ، ﻟﻠﺣﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﻧوع اﻟﻧﺑﺎﺗﻲ ﻓﯾﻬﺎ.

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