AE January 2020 ROSPACE

CHINESE LUNAR ROVER Q&A DUBAI AIR SHOW REPORT OPERATION MATTERHORN REPATRIATION aerosociety.com January 2020

V olume 47 Number 1

Focus on and the environment Royal A TURNING THE AIR GREEN HYDROGEN DEMONSTRATOR | CORSIA AND eronautical Society ELECTRIC RACER DESIGN CONTEST | THE E-SUPPLY CHAIN

CONSTRUCTION.

F LY

Whether it’s integrating cutting-edge

technology to reduce our environmental

impact, driving innovation to improve

society or ensuring we operate ethically

throughout our entire supply chain,

is committed to developing a sustainable

future for our business, our stakeholders

and the planet. That’s why we embrace

the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals.

It’s not only what we make; it’s what

we’re made of.

Sustainability. We make it fly.

airbus.com

14043_AIR_CSR_Kids_RoyalAeronauticalSociety_280x210mm_1.0.indd 1 27/11/2019 13:38 Volume 47 Number 1 January 2020

EDITORIAL Contents New year, new look Regulars 4 Radome 12 Transmission Welcome to the January edition of AEROSPACE, which features a The latest aviation and Your letters, emails, tweets cleaner, fresher look in its pages. As well as design updates the issue aeronautical intelligence, and social media feedback. analysis and comment. features new content to stimulate brains and generate discussion. In a 58 The Last Word fresh column, ‘Pushing the Envelope’ (p 11), Rob Coppinger will look at 11 Pushing the Envelope Keith Hayward asks exciting technologies just over the horizon that threaten to disrupt and Rob Coppinger looks at whether aviation is on the the challenges facing the environmental naughty step reshape aerospace and aviation – from big data, to biomimicry, from development of hypersonic and what steps can be taken hypersonics to artificial intelligence (AI). Paradoxically, some of these ideas to further reduce carbon may come from outside the industry itself – but could have the potential emissions. to transform our sector. A new addition to our traditional list of new Features members and Fellows is ‘Member Spotlight’ (p 55) profiling an individual 14 High time for hydrogen from our worldwide and highly diverse membership and the reasons that Startup ZeroAvia plans to inspired them into a career in (or to study aerospace). This issue also test a hydrogen-powered kicks off 2020 with a special and highly topical focus on perhaps the Piper . 28 most important challenge facing aviation – the environment. The aviation IONTREPID industry has much to be proud of in reducing its carbon footprint – but is it losing the wider PR war? Can aviation then meet the zero-carbon 18 Arabian Flights challenge? Decarbonising an entire industry that relies so heavily on Report on the 2019 Dubai the wonder resource that are fossil fuels may seem like an impossible Air Show. challenge – but it is worth remembering that aeronautics has been here Thomas Cook before. Powered heavier-than-air flight, flying faster than the sound barrier Electrifying ideas and a human on the Moon were all considered impossible until Winners of the RAeS Light Design electric air just over 110 years ago. Then, in the space of a one human lifetime, they race contest. became (almost) routine. Where will today’s pioneers take us tomorrow? 34 Organising Operation I hope you all enjoy the refresh and enhanced content. 20 Countdown to CORSIA Matterhorn ICAO’s new global scheme to How the CAA briefly became deliver carbon neutral growth the UK’s fifth largest for airlines. when repatriating 150,000 Tim Robinson, Editor-in-Chief stranded Thomas Cook

[email protected] Eviation passengers. CNSA 26 Editor-in-Chief Editorial Office 2020 AEROSPACE subscription Tim Robinson Royal Aeronautical Society rates: Non-members, £180 +44 (0)20 7670 4353 No.4 Hamilton Place Please send your order to: 38 [email protected] W1J 7BQ, UK Wayne J Davis, RAeS, No.4 Hamilton +44 (0)20 7670 4300 Deputy Editor Place, London W1J 7BQ, UK. [email protected] Plugging into the e-supply Bill Read +44 (0)20 7670 4354 chain www.aerosociety.com [email protected] +44 (0)20 7670 4351 How will the global Plane Speaking [email protected] AEROSPACE is published by the Royal Any member not requiring a print Aeronautical Society (RAeS). version of this magazine should aerospace supply chain An interview with Dr Wu Production Manager need to adapt for the electric Chief Executive contact: [email protected] Weiren, Chief Designer of Wayne J Davis avaition revolution? +44 (0)20 7670 4354 Sir Brian Burridge CBE FRAeS USA: Periodical postage paid at China’s Chang’e 4 lunar [email protected] Advertising Champlain New York and additional exploration mission. +44 (0)20 7670 4346 offices. Publications Co-ordinator [email protected] Chris Male Postmaster: Send address changes to IMS of New York, PO Box 1518, +44 (0)20 7670 4352 Unless specifically attributed, no Champlain NY 12919-1518, USA. [email protected] material in AEROSPACE shall be taken Afterburner to represent the opinion of the RAeS. Publications Executive ISSN 2052-451X 42 Message from our President Annabel Hallam Reproduction of material used in this +44 (0)20 7670 4361 publication is not permitted without the 43 Message from our Chief Executive written consent of the Editor-in-Chief. [email protected] 44 Book Reviews Printed by Buxton Press Limited, Book Review Editor Library Additions Brian Riddle Palace Road, Buxton, Derbyshire 48 [email protected] SK17 6AE, UK 50 NAL appeal for descendants of speakers in audio Distributed by Royal Mail archive 52 Diary Additional content is available to view online at: www.aerosociety.com/aerospaceinsight 54 Wilbur and Orville Wright Lecture Including: Multirole humanitarin drones in Africa, Reports on 2019 Dubai Air Show, Review of Moving to Mars exhibition, Winners of RAeS electric air race competition, ’s flying classroom, 55 Corporate Partners Online Interview with Airbus CTO, Grazia Vittadine, Interview with Dr Wu Weiran on Chang’e 4 lunar landing. 56 Elections and new member spotlight

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2020 13 Blueprint

INTELLIGENCE / ANALYSIS / COMMENT

Aerodynamics The testbed will also trial new technology − including shape memory alloy smart generators on the . This unpowered technology reacts to the outside temperature, deploying at lower altitudes and retracting in the cruise. The ecoDemonstrator will also test a new laser-based optical air data sensor system, providing more accurate readings to pilots.

Cargo improvements The aircraft is also set to test advances in freight handling. A new greener non-Halon fire suppres- sant agent is being trialled. Additionally, the ecoDemonstrator will also trial a new ‘CoolCube’ container for perishable goods that could cut wastage by 10%. WAIR TRANSPORT targets green goals

Boeing has revealed its latest ecoDemonstrator − a flying testbed to trial new sustainable technologies for . The ecoDemonstrator programme has been running since 2012, with this year’s testbed based on a 777-200. Research partners on the 2019 ecoDemonstrator include Collins Aerospace, DLR, Fraport, NASA, Honeywell, Universal Avionics and , with the aircraft to trial a number of technologies based around themes such as the connected cabin, materials, aerodynamics and operational/flight deck efficiencies. Boeing

4 AEROSPACE Connected cabin The passenger cabin will see a number of greener and efficency technologies investigated. These include the Intelligent Cabin, Connected Flight deck efficiencies Business Seat and , LED lighting and OLED displays, wireless cabin sensors and clean cabin The 2019 ecoDemonstrator is set to trial a fresh lavatory. These are designed to save weight, number of flight deck and avionics technologies improve the passenger experience and optimise based around operational and safety efficiencies. operations. For example, tracking of food and These include traffic awareness, drinks could speed up service time and eliminate automated weather re-routing via the EFB, wastage. digital airline fleet tracker and trajectory-based operations.

Recyclable materials The ecoDemonstrator will also be trialling new eco-friendly materials − including new 100% recycled carpet tiles made at a carbon neutral factory. As well as being recycled, by fitting them as tiles they can be installed three times more quickly than traditional carpets and are more durable − lasting four times longer. Other recycled material on board includes a prototype recycled carbon fibre mat made from waste composite material from Boeing factories.

JANUARY 2020 5 Radome

AEROSPACE 70-year-old Beaver flies with RAeS names electric electric engine racer design winners The Royal Aeronautical a simulated race circuit Society has announced and their performance that a New Zealand assessed. IONTREPID, team won this year’s designed by Cameron International Light Aircraft Garner of New Zealand, Design Competition – to was the winning entry, Harbour Air design a single-seat with a novel configuration On 10 December, Canadian seaplane operator Harbour Air carried out what it described electric powered racer of a flying and pusher as the first flight of a full electric commercial aircraft, when one of its with a fixed undercarriage. propeller. Second place Canada DHC-2 Beavers − a design which orginally flew in 1947 − was refitted with a The competition saw went to Sparrrowhawk 750hp MagniX electric propulsion system. The flight, from the airline's seaplane base teams from around the from the UK and third in Vancouver, Canada, lasted four minutes. Harbour Air, which operates a fleet of 40 world design electric place went to AFormX aircraft, including Beavers, Turbo Beavers and Twin Otters, plans to convert its entire racers, which were then team from Slovenia. (see fleet to electric power. 'flown' virtually around Electricfying ideas − p 18)

DEFENCE AIR TRANSPORT UK Strategic Defence South African Airways to undergo Review in 2020 ‘radical’ restructuring The newly re-elected UK and foreign policy since Government has said the end of the . that it intends to conduct The review would also lead a new far-reaching to a “huge technological Strategic Defence and upgrade of security forces Security Review in 2020. to keep Britain safe and Announced ahead of the strengthen NATO.” Exact election and before the proposals are yet to be South African Airways NATO 70th Summit in revealed but reports December, Prime Minister suggest a larger role for Loss-making South African South African Airways (SAA) is to undergo an Boris Johnson pledged military space along with extensive R4 billion ‘radical restructuring', according to the South African Government. that the review would be a £5bn Galileo GNSS The Government says that it is now in discussions with lenders to provide funding to the deepest overhaul of replacement. The last cover the carrier's losses and affect a 'business rescue' turnaround – after the airline the UK's defence, security SDSR was held in 2015. was recently grounded by an eight-day strike in November.

NEWS IN BRIEF

to replace - Twin Otters to the Avmax to individual . The Russia's Irkut has rolled 200s on longer-distance On 27 November India Group. The new aircraft will ruling covers ‘all newly out the fourth routes. launched a Polar Satellite be used to fly personnel manufactured aircraft’, MC-21-300 single-aisle (PSLV) working in Chad for the according to the FAA. at its facility in Romania is to acquire from the Satish Dhawan China National Petroleum Siberia. Powered by P&W five surplus Portuguese Space Center carrying a Corporation International The Hong Kong Civil PW1400G engines, it LM F-16s to add to the payload of 14 satellites. Chad (CNPCIC). Aviation Department joins three previous MC- 12 it already operates. The carried India’s (CAD) has reported a fall 21s in flight testing and The agreement, which Cartosat 3 optical imaging The US Federal Aviation in traffic from operators, two airframes for ground has yet to be ratified by mapping satellite, 12 Adminstration (FAA) following the territory’s static tests. the Romanian parliament, SuperDove CubeSats has said that it will now recent political unrest − would have four F-16s and an experimental take control of individual with and has being delivered in 2020, technical demonstration certification 737 MAX Hong Kong Airlines both ordered 50 Airbus long- followed by one more nanosatellite. aircraft − removing reducing flights by around range A321XLs. Due to in 2021. All 17 fighters Boeing's authority to 6%. The reduction in enter service in 2024, the would be upgraded to a Viking Air has delivered issue FAA-granted capacity would normally new aircraft will be used new ‘M.6.X’ standard. two Viking Series 400 airworthiness certificates mean that airlines would

6 AEROSPACE AIR TRANSPORT to open in 2020

Germany’s newest airport, the initial budget. Since Berlin Brandenburg, then, the opening has is now set to open in been previously been ESA October 2020 – some scheduled for 2014, SPACE eight years after it was then 2016, before being originally scheduled postponed again. Offical ESA receives 45% boost in funding to open. The opening, construction of the airport originally set for June − designed to replace The European Space Agency (ESA) has been awarded a big rise in its budget by 2012, was delayed three outdated Berlin member nations of €12.5bn over the next three years. The budget boost, agreed at due to concerns over of Tempelhof, the last Ministerial Summit in November, was described as “the first significant boost its safety systems and Tegel and Schönefeld in funding” for 25 years by ESA's Director General Jan Wörner. The funding increase fire protection while the and improve long-haul unlocks proposed ESA space missions, such as the Mars Sample Return (above), cost has ballooned to connections, began in Athena X-ray space telescope and Hera mission to a double asterioid. The funding boost €7.3bn – three times 2006. by ESA nations also saw the UK increase its contribution by 23% to €1.65bn.

GENERAL AVIATION AEROSPACE Silver Spitfire returns after epic Repair stations seek to round-the-world flight block US MRO bill Silver Spitfire/Longest Flight Silver Spitfire/Longest On 5 December, after four US aircraft repair stations, ‘Safe months, 91 stages and a represented by the Standards Act’, would 27,000mile journey, a 1943 Aeronautical Repair Station create extra burdens in data Spitfire MkIX Association (ARSA), have collecting and reporting, touched down at its base in come out in opposition to hinder US competitiveness, Goodwood , UK, a proposed Congressional as well as make it more becoming the first ever Spitfire bill that aims to increase difficult for US airlines to to fly around the world. The regulatory oversight of receive services at non-US Silver Spitfire, flown by Steve foreign repair stations, but FAA-approved MRO Brooks and Matt Jones from (including surprise shops. ARSA’s opposition Boultbee Flight Academy, visited inspections) and harmonise has also received backing 30 countries, including the US, standards in the MRO from , Canada, Russia, Japan, Pakistan, sector. The Association the Aerospace Industries India, the UAE and . argues that the bill, the Association and GAMA.

lose their airport slots but successfully launched company itself is now Boeing airliners, are set 25 November when a CAD has said that carriers the fifth Inmarsat Global under receivership with to be decided later this NH90 and Tiger attack can keep them until March. Xpress communications tenders for a new owner year. helicopters collided at satellite from Kourou, to out in 2020. night during a special Spain has announced French Guiana. A Chinese-built AVIC forces operation. that it has chosen the The satellite will go Airbus is arguing that MA60 turboprop, operated Pilatus PC-21 turboprop operational in early 2020 the WTO should reduce by Cameroon’s Camair- NASA’s Parker Solar trainer to replace its fleet and provide broadband the scale of $7.5bn Co airline, came under Probe has returned the of C-101 jet trainers. communication services in US tariffs awarded reported machine-gun fire first discoveries from its The for and the by $2bn, as its A380 on approach to Bafut’s close flybys of the Sun. will acquire 24 PC-21s . superjumbo has ceased Bamenda airport on 1 Science investigators in a €204m deal with production and no longer December. No one was have found new first deliveries beginning Italy's Piaggio has represents lost sales to hurt in the incident, with information on the solar by the end of 2020. delivered its first P180 Boeing. Meanwhile, EU the aircraft landing safely. wind, Sun’s magnetic Avanti Evo turboprop countermeasures, which field and particle burst On 27 November business aircraft to a could include tariffs on Thirteen French soldiers events previously an Ariane 5 rocket Canadian customer. The US goods including were killed in Mali on undetectable from Earth.

JANUARY 2020 7 Radome

DEFENCE SPACE NATO gets first Global Hawk- Countdown to US based AGS commercial crew flights

As AEROSPACE set for 20 December. goes to press, the two Meanwhile, SpaceX's companies set to provide Crewed Dragon capsule commercial crew flights is scheduled to undertake for NASA astronauts an in-flight abort test in to the International early January − using Space Station (ISS) are its SuperDraco both counting down to to perform an abort 90 NATO imminent tests of their seconds into launch. On 20-21 November the first of five Northrop Grumman RQ-4D Alliance Ground hardware. Boeing's CST- Should both flight tests Surveillance (AGS) UAVs was delivered from Palmdale, California, to its main operating 100 Starliner is now atop be successful, this will base in Sigonella in Sicily, Italy. The AGS is a Global Hawk Block 40 variant that will be a United Launch Alliance see both companies ready operated as a joint asset by 15 NATO allies to provide persistent ISR surveillance over Atlas 5 rocket ahead of an to perform crewed test wide areas. Initial operational capability is expected in the first half of 2020. uncrewed orbital test flight flights in 2020.

AIR TRANSPORT AEROSPACE Norwegian ends South Boeing rolls out MAX 10 American foray

Norwegian Air is to sell overcapacity and mounting off its South American debts. In December, the domestic spin-off as part airline also announced it of a profitability push. would be cutting long-haul Norwegian Air flights from Copenhagen will be acquired by local and Stockholm to the US,

airline Jetsmart Airlines blaming low demand and Boeing and the three 737s used issues with the Royce- In a low-key ceremony for company employees on 22 November at its Renton, Seattle, returned to Norwegian's Royce Trent engines on factory, Boeing rolled out the prototype of the largest variant of its 737 MAX family core fleet. The long-haul, its Boeing 787s. The − the 230-seat MAX 10. Since its launch in 2017 as a rival to the bestselling Airbus low-cost airline has faced carrier has also postponed A321neo, the MAX 10 has racked up over 500 orders. A first flight is expected later this headwinds due to the 737 delivery of new aircraft, year. However, as AEROSPACE goes to press, the 737 MAX family remains grounded MAX crisis, shake-ups Airbus A320neos and with no confirmed schedule for recertification and removing it from its in the executive team, A321LRs to save money. forward flight schedules until April. NEWS IN BRIEF

Urkrainian-built Antonov understanding (MoU) with Launched from the Taiyuan making a precautionary Boeing has rebooted An-124 aircraft. VTB Leasing. space centre in Shanxi landing. The FAA is now the Cora eVTOL project The SLON is similar province, the Gaofen will investigating. with start-up Kitty Hawk. in configuration to the Australia has selected be used in land surveys, The joint venture will now An-124 but features a the General Atomics urban planning, road Bombardier is to move be rebranded under the heavier payload (180t vs MQ-9B SkyGuardian to network design, crop yield final assembly of its name of Wisk, although 120t) and will have the be its new armed MALE estimation and disaster Global family the 12- eVTOL ability to operate from UAV. The RAAF is set to relief. from Toronto Downsview (currently under test in 3,000m runways. acquire between 12-16 Airport to Toronto Pearson New Zealand) will still be air vehicles, with delivery On 4 December a Los Airport beginning in 2023. known as Cora. Tajikistan carrier Somon in 2023. Angeles news helicopter The airframer will build Air is to lease two from KABC was forced a new one-million sq ft Wind-tunnel testing has Embraer E190-E2 China launched the to land after a suspected factory able to assemble begun at Russia’s TsAGI regional jets. The airline, Gaofen 12 all-weather drone hit its tail over the up to 1,000 aircraft a year. institute of the SLON which currently operates imaging satellite city at 1,100ft at night. strategic airlifter − which six Boeing 737s, has aboard a Long March 4C No-one was injured in the A Dornier 228 turboprop is designed to replace the signed a memorandum of rocket on 27 November. incident with the helicopter operated by African

8 AEROSPACE AIR TRANSPORT AEROSPACE 100th A220 delivered to Air Baltic Study details public acceptance of eVTOLs

Research by the Technical spectators were able to University of Stuttgart into see the vehicle make an public perceptions of urban unpiloted flight and sit in it air mobility flights found a on the ground. Over 1,200 high of personal and people were interviewed societal acceptance of for the survey, which found ‘air taxis’ with noise levels that 67% believed the use ‘better than expected’. of the Volocopter as an

Airbus The research centred air taxi to be ‘probable or On 29 November, Airbus announced that it has produced the 100th A220 single-aisle around a public trial of very probable’. Meanwhile airliner from the former Bombardier CSeries factory in Mirabel, Canada. The 100th A220 the Volocopter eVTOL 'enjoyment of usage’ and – a -300 model is destined for Latvian-based Air Baltic – which now has 50 A220s on in September 2019, in ‘time savings’ were cited as order. The first A220 (as the CSeries) was delivered to launch customer Swiss in June Stuttgart, in the top reasons for using 2016. which an estimated 20,000 eVTOLs.

GENERAL AVIATION DEFENCE Mooney restarts production CAE unveils virtual reality sim

US GA manufacturer aircraft − selling only eight Mooney Corporation has of its newest model, the restarted production on Acclaim Ultra in 2019. It 2 December, following has already contracted a three-week shutdown its workforce from around and sending its remaining 260 a year and half ago 60 employees home. to its present 60 today, Currently owned by Founded 90 years ago, Chinese investment the company says it is company Soaring America now in final negotiations

Aircraft, the Kerrville, East with an unnamed group CAE -based manufacturer of investors interested At the I/ITSEC simulation exhibition in Orlando, Canada’s CAE revealed a new virtual is reported to have been in acquiring Mooney reality system, VR and accompanying TRAX Academy. The system, which in financial difficulties, International and incorporates VR, ‘virtual instructors’ and mobile apps, is designed to accelerate students following slow sales of its revitalising the enterprise. through military pilot training and save costs. regional operator Busy Weapon System (SOAC ON THE MOVE Bee Congo, crashed on WAS) will replace the Gulfstream Aerospace 24 November shortly after current 747-200-derived has delivered the United Airlines President Bergsma becomes Head take-off from Goma in National Airborne 400th example of its Scott Kirby is to succeed of Communications Congo. Media reports say Operations Center G650/650ER business current CEO Oscar Munoz Commercial Aircraft; that all 19 passengers and (NAOC)s. jet. The milestone jet, in May. Yves Barillé, Head crew were killed, as well . which was launched five of Communications as up to ten people on the SpaceX has said that years ago, went to an Les Matuson of Matuson Helicopters; and Dirk Erat, ground. it will treat one of the unnamed US customer. Associates has been Head of Communications next batch of Starlink appointed to oversee Defence & Space. Philipp The US Air Force has satellites with a trial The US has approved the turnaround of South Encz has been appointed begun searching for a coating designed to a $25m investment by African Airways. as Head of Creative Core. replacement for its four make it less reflective South Korea's Hanwha Boeing E-4B ‘Doomsday after astronomers have Systems into a Karem Airbus has named a Salvatore Sciacchitano is Planes’ airborne command complained that the 120 Aircraft spin-off, Overair new Communications now President of ICAO and control posts. The Starlink satellites launched that is developing the and Corporate Affairs Council, taking over from Survivable Airborne so far are interfering with Butterfly eVTOL as a leadership team. Maggie Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu. Operations Center ground-based astronomy. potential Uber air taxi.

JANUARY 2020 9 FACT SHEET #5 / NOVEMBER 2019 AVIATION’S ENERGY TRANSITION All parts of the global economy must find ways to respond to the climate change challenge by reducing emissions. Air transport does not have ‘off the shelf’ solutions like many other sectors. How will we fly in the coming decades?

Until very recently, air has only had one source of energy: fossil-derived liquid fuel. It has proved to be a reliable power source for decades. But as all industries find ways to cut CO2 emissions,By air transport the has started a transitionNumbers towards alternative sources of energy. From a small part of the energy mix today, it is expected that sustainable fuels will become a significant contributor to aviation’s climate action. Understanding the world of Aerospace through data

Options for an energy transition Sustainable aviation 215,000+ Many parts of the economy have had low-carbon or zero- fuels currently carbon options for decades: electricity can be produced using account for Flights on hydro, solar, wind, geothermal and nuclear; and many other sustainable fuels forms of transport can shift to electricity. 0.01% taken off since 2011. Aviation’s options have not been so readily available. Whilst efficiency has continued to improve, the fuel remained the of global use. Figures updated daily on same. However, there have been two developments in the past www.enviro.aero/SAF ten years which are changing that:

» Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is a liquid replacement for traditional fossil-based jet fuel. It can be produced 2% (~7 billion litres) from a wide variety of sources and processes. It is a ‘drop-in’ solution, behaving in an almost identical way to of the total aviation fuel supply could be SAF by conventional jet fuel which means it does not require new 2025 with the right policy support, reaching a engines or infrastructure. tipping point for SAF supply. » are a rapidly developing area of research, with over 100 projects underway to explore options for using either fully-electric propulsion or a hybrid of electric and liquid fuel. 6 bn litres 5 in airline SAF technical pathways forward purchase to SAF development agreements so far. have been certified.

Air Transport Action Group Action Air Transport European Environmental Agency (2019) Agency Environmental European

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10 AEROSPACE Pushing the Envelope Exploring advances on the leading edge of aerospace Hypersonic airliners: cool Robert Coppinger idea – scorching challenge

cience’s fundamental limits would seem despite 60 years having passed since the SR-71’s to be far off for endeavours like imaging first flight. Like the Blackbird, Boeing’s airliner is exo-planets or quantum super-computers, a hot titanium structure. The latest in materials but atmospheric flight could already be science would point to ceramic composites being constrained by physics. better, but Boeing’s concept is built on what is SThe amount of heat from atmospheric friction already proven. Its airliner would have a 5,000nm at each Mach number above Mach 5, where mile range for the transpacific market with its fuel hypersonics starts, is exponentiaWl; a hellscape absorbing the heat soaking through the ; far more challenging than the sound barrier. Space the Blackbird’s JP7 fuel also did that. Boeing capsules protect themselves with materials that re- declined to say if a renewable version of JP7 was entry’s heat burns away, and NASA’s Space Shuttle possible. had ceramic tiles to defend against that tremendous friction. The likes of talk about high- Europe’s Stratofly speed point-to-point transport services and start-up Hermeus has announced a Mach 5 airliner, but for Using fuel to manage the heating is an approach airline like operations evaporating materials are of taken by the 30 months, four million euros no use, though Shuttle tiles point towards what is (EU) project, Stratofly, which ends needed and the limits of the periodic table. in December 2020. Its fuel is hydrogen and it is designed to flow around the vehicle, and through The heat is on pipes in the leadsing edges, to absorb the 1,000 degrees Celsius. Boeing rejects hydrogen because At Mach 5 and above, the lowest altitude an airliner it needs large pressurised tanks making the airliner could fly at, due to the friction heat, is about 80,000 much larger and heavier. feet. The Lockheed Martin SR-71 Blackbird flew up ’ Synergetic Air Breathing to Mach 3 with a similar maximum altitude. Cruising Rocket Engine (SABRE) was included in an earlier at Mach 3 for more than an hour, the Blackbird’s EU Mach 5 Brussels to Sydney airliner study but is titanium structure was soaked in temperatures not part of Stratofly despite being able to accelerate higher than 315.5 degrees Celsius. At Mach 5, a vehicle from zero to Mach 5 combusting its liquid a leading edge can experience 1,000 degrees hydrogen with atmospheric oxygen; and neither Celsius. is it favoured by some researchers who prefer the There are few elements on the periodic table simpler design of a supersonic . A hydrogen that can withstand such temperatures for long fuelled scramjet is preferred by other researchers periods and repeatedly be cooled and heated for higher Mach numbers, while Boeing’s airliner ABOVE MACH as they would be with daily services from Los would use turbo , similar to the SR-71 5, WHERE Angeles to Beijing, for example. There are even engines, the Pratt & Whitney J58. HYPERSONICS fewer elements that can be manufactured into STARTS, IS the geometries needed for engine or structural Summary EXPONENTIAL; parts. A HELLSCAPE Since the 1962 first flight of the SR-71 the periodic FAR MORE Boeing’s hypersonic concept table and the known laws of physics have hardly changed; and with those facts the solutions to CHALLENGING Boeing revealed its hypersonic airliner concept in fly beyond five times the speed of sound have THAN THE SOUND 2018 and this draws lessons from the Blackbird remained much the same. BARRIER.

JANUARY 2020 11 Transmission

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Kazakhstan orders MAXs Boeing @Flashgrim [On FlyArystan order for 737 MAXs at Dubai Air Show] Or are there big discounts being offered by i Boeing? @RuAviaPhotog Some RAeS Silver Medal Japan and Tempest of my friends in Kazakhstan winner are very doubtful about @ScooterBuckman [On this order. And they name US-UK in Japan ‘Europeans in ’ over Trump pressuring Tokyo as the first reason and Air At the 2019 Dubai Air Show Kazakhstan flag carrier Air Astana to choose the US solution Astana commitment to signed a letter of intent for 30 Boeing 737 MAX 8s to be operated rather than Tempest as its Airbus as the second reason. by its low-cost subsidiary FlyArystan. next fighter to replace the F-2] Laughable talk about ‘SPIN’! Clearly, both European Hypersonic transport Luftwaffe A400Ms programmes (Tempest/ @BurkardDomke [On @JujubBird At least two. FCAS) would love Japan @McBaine146 [On Hypersonics race speeds Luftwaffe refuses to accept to join them. So, we are to (2) up ] So, how many two Airbus A400Ms due to Mushfiqul Alam [On Dr believe they haven’t or aren’t airframes have demonstrated also pressuring Japan? ‘high-g’ issues] Could they Steve Hodge FRAeS winning a capability of sustained @Chris_Cole Putting the Nonetheless, Japan has just be looking for an excuse the Society Silver Medal flight at Mach 5 for, say, 200 hype in hypersonics... expressed considerable not to accept the rest of their for his work in designing seconds? order? Was it them or and developing a new flight interest in the past about joining such a US programme. who ordered the C-130J as simulator] Congratulations a stop gap? Steve!

Andy Berryman Very many @Aviaponcho Is the congratulations Steve. Mogadishu 727 low-level 360 degree approach Luftwaffe trustworthy? And really operational? Funny it is @flavio_fvi[On cockpit video Ian Sloan Thoroughly well always happening at the end

of a 727 doing a low-level YouTube deserved. Well done Steve! of the fiscal year? 360° turn at 100ft] Guess they wanted to check the surfing Cranfield’s Flying conditions on the beach. Classroom @loadmasterles So why should they accept them? Would the RAF? Albert Tiong [On a flight in @pearcea1980 FYI it’s ’s flying Mogadishu... (1) classroom ] Something to @Julien_Marie Remember think about? the NH90: While Finland @ScottyBateman Maybe was using a kind of wooden so but I can cite instances Still from YouTube video of 727 pilot making a very low level turn. Kenneth Yap Absolutely. floor to reinforce cabin where large aircraft have floor weaknesses (and was been lost by ground fire. @FlightTestFact The PK @marclivolsi What the Richard Amunugama the first nation to officially There is also an element of (probability of kill) of the hell? Somewhere in the last I remember this course operate it), Germany (which increased perceived risk that ground is pretty close to 1.0. second, they might have as part of my degree was not planning to operate may play a factor. As I say, I’m So ‘lesser of two evils’ is just actually intercepted the at Southampton. There it in its current missions not party to the current risk. plain dumb. normal glide path. Even the really is no substitute for – nor Ops nor homeland) Out over the water and away first time they got the ‘One first-hand experience. Your was claiming against floor from the town is key. Hundred’ call a long way out. stomach and inner-ear weaknesses. For the A400M, @StTim Jeez – Other than to avoid hostile remember better than your Germany currently use it just unprofessional and ATC fire, there’s no good reason hippocampus! for usual aerial logistics, but @Lukafoto It’s a known should have reported. Go for whatever the hell they not for ‘on theatre’ support. technique for Mogadishu! Fly around and fly a stable were doing. Iain Roberts I still can Of course, at the approach, much higher and get shot at! approach! feel my stomach after the there is a risk but come on... phugoid oscillation demo.

12 AEROSPACE Top Dubai ‘influencer’ Cranfield’s Flying Classroom Kcore Analytics

Cranfield University From the RAeS photo archives RAeS/NAL

AEROSPACE Editor-in- Chief Tim Robinson was Cranfield University’s new Saab 340 will replace its present cited as having the fifth most Jetsteam 31 National Flying Laboratory during 2020. influencing Twitter account at #DubaiAirshow #DAS19. @gmcd3 [On A lesson @Satcom_guru A great in the flying classroom(1)] flight test experience! An under Remember flying on this accelerated would have threat again? (or predecessor) on the been a bonus. Also, a swept- aerosystems course as a wing makes a dutch @CyranodEcosse [On grad in 94/95, awesome trip. roll much, much worse. Red Arrows under threat in next UK Strategic Defence Review?] It’s that time where RAeS President in Dubai Miss Constance Babington Smith (1912-2000) at the Royal everybody is crying Wolf Aeronautical Society Garden Party held at Fairey’s Great West again. Aerodrome, Hayes, Middlesex, on 8 May 1938. Constance Babington Smith was a trained milliner, she worked for the milliner Aage Thaarup before WW2 and also Vogue magazine in London, before venturing into journalism with The Aeroplane magazine. @Mark_Bate_UK There During WW2 she served in the WAAF in the Central Interpretation are questions as to the Unit (CIU) at RAF , , reaching the viability of them making rank of Flight Officer. In 1942 she made an uncredited appearance the planned OSD given in the feature filmTarget for Tonight. Working on the the inability to draw down interpretation of photographs, Constance the FAF of Tmk1 as was credited with the discovery of the V1 at Peenemünde, envisaged without 736 Germany. In 1942, she was Mentioned in Dispatches for her NAS disbandment and AFT work and in 1945 she was awarded the MBE. Constance was portrayed in the 1965 filmOperation Crossbow by Sylvia Syms. for 100 Sqn reduced to After VE-Day Constance was attached to USAAF Intelligence circa 5,000hrs (gradually in Washington, DC, to continue her work on photographic reducing) out to 2027. BAE interpretation, this time for the Pacific theatre and, in 1946, the US announced at DSEI they awarded her the Legion of Merit. Her 1957 war memoir Evidence have stopped making Hawk. in Camera was the first comprehensive narrative of British Will be an interesting one to RAeS President Jonathan Cooper presents a Fellowship photographic reconnaissance in WW2. Certificate to Adel Al Rehha FRAeS at the 2019 Dubai Air Show. watch. A T-6 display would be a bit dull, punt on Iontrepid RAeS electric air race @AeralisJet is most likely I’d @JoseM-SGP But with guess. Unless you want an @yvemor [On RAeS Electric Hornet’s LERX. Italian or Czech jet... race aircraft design winners announced(3)] Great article. Nice aircraft. @DConstuff Any more @timdavies_uk The usual details on the UK entry, MoD ‘bury head in sand until Sparrowhawk R-1? Who is the problem goes away’ @tngadd Mmmm. Lot of behind it? policy, I see. wing for a racer. Iontrepid Garner GR02 electric racer

1. https://www.aerosociety.com/news/a-lesson-in-the-flying-classroom/ 2. AEROSPACE, December 2019, p 24, Hypersonics weapons come of age 3. https://www.aerosociety.com/news/electrifying-ideas-winners-named-in-raes-electric-air-race-design-contest/

@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2020 13 ENVIRONMENTAL FOCUS Zero Avia hydrogen demonstrator Zero Avia

High time for hydrogen

Could hydrogen-powered zero-carbon commuter flights be just around the corner? TIM ROBINSON speaks to stealth start-up ZeroAvia – which this year will test a six-seat Piper single-engined piston aircraft converted to use a hydrogen powertrain in the skies of the UK. ydrogen as a fuel has many advantages. Enter ZeroAvia Energy-rich and easy to make, it nevertheless has failed to take off for Founder and CEO of ZeroAvia, Val Miftakhov, many reasons. The need for volume to comes from a highly interesting background, for store means that liquid hydrogen requires someone looking to introduce a new logistics and Hcryogenic tanks – adding substantially to an aircraft’s fuel infrastructure to the aviation industry – and . Additionally, memories of the Hindenburg understanding the need for scale and ‘range anxiety’. disaster and complex fuelling of rocket launches has A physicist by training, he previously pioneered electric Above, main picture. ZeroAvia has replaced the kept it away from adoption in mainstream aviation. charging stations for cars with a company called piston Lycoming TIO-540- However, a new US start-up, ZeroAvia, plans to Electric MotorWerks which was sold off in 2017. A AE2A engine in a Piper change that by using hydrogen as the fuel for a new private pilot himself in helicopters and fixed-wing Matrix with its electric- hybrid powertrain system for small regional airliners. aircraft, he said the idea for ZeroAvia came from these hydrogen powerplant.

14 AEROSPACE 15 JANUARY 2020 JANUARY Miftakov notes that, despite the excitement over the excitement Miftakov notes that, despite “In ground transportation, He explains: He believes that now the time is right for he says: of ZeroAvia, Explaining the approach uses compressed hydrogen – which system The By using compressed hydrogen instead of liquid improvements are pretty minimal. You’re still utilising You’re are pretty minimal. improvements and the cost so you have all the pollution liquid fuels, with that. Soassociated quickly that pushed us pretty battery.” into the hydrogen fuel-cell-based flight, “those who haveelectric battery-powered looking at the operatingdone their due diligence that probably it will takeparameters have decided can meaningfully fly thosesome time before they argues there has been a ‘mutedthings.” Meanwhile, he flight: “over the lastmarket response’ to hybrid-electric aircraft manufacturers and12 months, the operators, players, such aviation existing some of the third-party realised that the have such, as leasing agencies and hybridisation are probably notactual benefits from the as big as originally expected.” of thehybridisation makes a lot of sense because You standard sort of stop and go type usage profile. ahave a lot of acceleration and deceleration during aircrafttypical trip. In aviation, in the typical regional utilisation profile, you do not have an opportunity You to save anything through something like this. still on descent. You’re can’t really regenerate much andoperating at certain power levels on the descent definitely not helpful during a climb and cruise. So it’s the impact is relatively minimal.” there is anhydrogen to step in: “Once people see that couldoption like this hydrogen-powered option that interested.”deliver higher range, they actually get quite as a powertrain positioned the company “We’ve delivering initially a PT6 a company We’re company. turbine style and size powertrain to the market. years, in a three think we can do it in the next We onefixed-wing that would be coming from manufacturers.” Miftakhiv reveals that of the existing as the company is initially targeting platforms such 228 and Cessna Dornier Otter, Air Twin the Viking SkyCourier as potential conversions to its ZA600 hydrogen powertrain. membrane (PEM)then goes to a proton exchange fuel energy from the hydrogen chemical converts cell. This to power an electric motorand ambient oxygen Miftakhov providing rotational energy for the propeller. admits that, for initial applications, the compressed hydrogen fuel may need to be stored in ‘drop’ or wing on the airframe, saying:tip tanks mounted externally “depending on the airframe, we might actually have some these tanks mounted outside of the airframe. For airframes, it might be possible to integrate altogether. airframe of the factors for selecting which is one This we will go with for the initial introduction.” fuel and other cryogenic hydrogen (as in rocket aims to simplify hydrogen airliner projects) ZeroAvia decided to focus initially, the certification process. “We on compressed hydrogen because liquid hydrogen,

Zero Avia He conducted market research on potential on research He conducted market despite ‘flightshaming’ and the growth of However, The powertrain The a growing number of electric and hybrid-electric With Fresson propulsion projects (Eviation Alice, Project Islander and MagniX electric Beavers) why Twin settle on a hydrogen-based system? did ZeroAvia that, having decided on the 19 Miftakhov explains 500mile target, “It was pretty clear that passenger, did batteries will not get us there anytime soon. We not want to use turbine hybrids, because the efficiency two themes – “That’s when I started thinking about when I started – “That’s two themes of these naturally a combination it was next, what’s and sustainable mobility emission mobility, three: zero he was keen that However, says Miftakhov. aviation”. able to bring benefits quickly: any start-up should be as soon as possible on the“I wanted to have impact trajectory in aviation.sustainability of the emissions should focus meant, to me at least, that we That like short-haul already exist, on the segments that of starting yet another flyingregional aviation, instead for example.” drone company, went around aircraft. “We demand for zero-emission of operators, regional airlinesand talked to a number asked them what would be the type of and mostly, wouldaircraft and type of mission profile that they productbe willing to actually fly once we bring the how we ended up focussing on to the market. That’s 500-mile mission profile in the our 19-passenger, believes fixed-wing twin-engined aircraft.” ZeroAvia bythat, with 50% of all trips worldwide being covered a newthe 500mile range, this is the sweet spot for disruptive regional aircraft. awareness – the interest from airlines climate change electricis not purely altruistic – it is the economics of that also provide a powerful pull – with an estimated to50% reduction in operating costs compared a traditional turbine powerplant. Says Miftakhov: of mission at a think we can deliver this type “We missionsignificantly lower cost than a jet fuel-based really one That’s in the small aircraft that flies today. pieces in this whole equation for of the most exciting emissions,me, that we can actually not only have zero is nice of course and personally motivating. which we can also have better economics.” However, The company has already The carried out test flights of its hydrogen-powered demonstrator in the US. ENVIRONMENTAL FOCUS Zero Avia hydrogen demonstrator

which is more dense, has less volume and definitely demonstrations where we say, ‘Okay, we’ve got the weighs less; the problem is the system becomes more aircraft technology figured out to get it to 300m complex and harder to certify for commercial use. We range. Let’s now demonstrate that we can use that think that we’ll be able to deliver 500 miles of range aircraft to fly actual commercial missions.’ Obviously, with compressed gas and it’s much simpler to push it’s not going to be certified yet, so we cannot actually through certification.” Says Miftakhov: “However, going put it in commercial operation. However, we can UK AEROSPACE from there, for longer distances and a larger aircraft, go to the operators and say that we want to fly the IS DEFINITELY A we would have to go liquid at some point.” same missions that you fly commercially today to KEY INDUSTRY He notes that the hydrogen system incurs a weight demonstrate the refuelling times, to demonstrate the penalty relative to a kerosene-powered PT6 equivalent dispatchability, demonstrate the payloads, capacity, AND THERE – with the hydrogen powertrain delivering one-third and all those things, ability to manage weather IS A HUGE of the max fuel range. However, “With the technology situations, and all the other things that would be AMOUNT OF improvements that we are expecting to have in the required for commercial operations.” ATTENTION TO next three years, we’ll be able to deliver about half of Another selling point for a zero-emission 19-seat the liquid range of a fossil fuel. So that’s where the 500 electric regional airliner is also likely to be its noise ZERO EMISSION miles become realistic on a three-year time horizon.” – or lack thereof, compared to turboprop aircraft. AVIATION, Miftakhov explains: ‘you still have the prop noise. We Zero Avia think that we can reduce the prop noise quite a bit and we will be doing a good amount of testing around that.” He adds: “The fundamental reason why we can reduce the noise from the propeller is that, with the electric motors, it’s easier to deliver maximum power at lower rotational speed. Just the power band is much wider on the electric motors compared to internal combustion engines, whether turbines or reciprocating engines. We plan to utilise the benefit to reduce the tip speeds and therefore reduce the noise output of the aircraft while still providing thrust. We believe we The aircraft may need external ‘drop tanks’ to accomodate can get to 10 to 15dB reduction of the noise outputs the compressed hydrogen. of the typical sort of turboprop of that size, which is going to be quite substantial improvements. Hopefully, The demonstrator that will make the integration of this additional traffic an easier proposition. “ However, this zero-emission powertrain is no theoretical model – it has already taken to the air Why test in the UK? using a converted Piper-M class single-engine aircraft that the company is using as a technology Some might wonder, given the vast airspace of the US demonstrator. The M-class piston aircraft was chosen with its test facilities such as those found in Mojave or as it is highly efficient, requires at least 250/300kW Moses Lake, why ZeroAvia has decided to flight test of power and has sufficient space for the components. its zero-carbon demonstrator in the UK. “Using this test aircraft,” says ZeroAvia, is also cheaper The first reason, says Miftakhov, is the high than going directly to the 19-seat aircraft. level of support for greener aviation initiatives from Initial test flights have already taken place in Whitehall through funding tools like the Aerospace Hollister, California and, in early 2020, the company Technology Institute (ATI). “It was pretty clear that UK is set to transfer flight testing to the UK at Cranfield aerospace is definitely a key industry and there is a ahead of long-range 250-300mile demonstration huge amount of attention to zero emission aviation, flights in the Orkney lslands. The aircraft was to the point that they recently announced the Future converted to a hydrogen powertrain at the end of of Flight programme that is specifically targeting zero 2018 and received a FAA experimental certification emission aviation. There is nothing like that in the US in February 2019. In 2019 the company also received and probably will not be for a bit, under the current a £2.7m grant from the UK’s Aerospace Technology administration anyway, on the federal level.” Institute under the HyFlyer project. Miftakhov singles out the ATI for its approach Initial flight testing is set to begin this month from in fostering innovation from a US start-up. “In my Cranfield, with the 300-mile demonstration flights to experience, they were probably right up top there in the Orkney Islands taking place in terms of how organised and structured they are around September. Although the aircraft will not be and how helpful they are in the submission process, commercially certificated, ZeroAvia then plans to start giving you the feedback and really trying to make you doing commercial demonstrations of the technology successful. This is very different from some of my using the six-seater Piper M. Says Miftakhov: “We other experiences elsewhere. It was really, really good expect to start doing what we call commercial spec to work with them”.

16 AEROSPACE “The second reason was the ecosystem perspective” says Miftakhov, “with target partners and potential joint venture partners as we go along. Rolls- Royce is here. Airbus has a huge operation, GKN Aerospace and other major players in aerospace are here. Again, the government is quite supportive of new technologies and wants to keep the place of UK in the global aerospace industry, which is great.” Finally, he notes that a UK flight test campaign and base places ZeroAvia closer to its expected market for short-haul zero-carbon regional flights – Europe. “The third reason was that Europe in general, we see as a pretty attractive market, probably more attractive than the US market in some ways because of a lot of these short-range routes. Again, generally a better environment for zero-emission transportation with more awareness of the impact that aviation has.” Zero Avia will be a significant impact on our expected timeline, Infrastructure which already includes sort of a buffer for new technology and new risks that we would have to kind Despite the lower operating costs and green of go through with the FAA, the CAA and EASA. If we credentials, one challenge confronting hydrogen were just building perhaps a new version of a turbine as aviation fuel is the logistics and infrastructure tech, the timeline would have been quicker than the footprint needed to make this feasible for everyday three, four years we’re projecting now.” operations. Miftakhov, with a background in electric ZeroAvia is aware that, despite offering a quieter, charging stations for cars, is aware of the issue. zero-emission aircraft promising half the running “It’s a very good question. One of the partners in costs – airlines are by nature conservative beasts the demonstration project that was funded by when it comes to buying new aircraft. To therefore Innovate UK, is the European Marine Energy Centre incentivise operators and accelerate the introduction (EMEC) based in Orkney, which which has a lot of of this technology, Miftakhov says the company is experience with renewable hydrogen, especially mulling a powertrain ‘zero-emission power by the in producing it from renewable power. EMEC are hour’ leasing model. “The operators, when you’re going to be responsible for figuring out the fuel looking to de-risk their operation and probably infrastructure side of things for us in this project. asking them to buy into the technology outright, limit So right now it is working with Cranfield Airport, for the initial ramp rate of how fast we can get those instance, to understand the safety requirements, to things out there and in fact delay our impact, which understand how to bring the fuel into the airport, how is something I care about quite a bit. So probably the to refuel the aircraft at the airport and what kind of best way to do this is to accelerate the ramp up to requirements are around that, with an eye towards offer a lower risk option to the operators where they scaling it to other airports once the first one is figured pay on the ongoing basis and pay less than what out.” they pay today for the turboprop operation. So you Miftakhov reveals that he has already several can think about a fully-baked, wet lease of the power large companies involved in fuels and hydrogen that plants.” Power by the hour will also provide additional are quite interested in becoming involved but says, savings for ZeroAvia too, “We want to capture part of “I want to provide enough certainty to the fuelling the savings that we’re generating and still deliver a infrastructure players that they will invest in it – we significant part of the savings to the operator.” need to show them that there is economic sense in them doing so, because I don’t want to be building Summary fuelling infrastructure.” Could hydrogen then become the zero-emission The future aviation fuel of the future? Many challenges still remain but what is true is that ZeroAvia, alongside Beyond the Piper M demonstrator, the company Project Fresson, E-FanX and Rolls-Royce’s plans to start work on the powertrain for a 19-seat acquisition of Siemens eAircraft, has catapulted the regional aircraft, scaling up the 260kW system to UK into a prime position in the fast-changing electric a 800kW one with certification planned for 2022. ‘Third Revolution’ in aerospace. With quieter electric ZeroAvia says that this timeline includes a ‘buffer’ to aircraft offering game-changing economics, smaller, take into account extra scrutiny from the regulators long neglected regional and GA airports may now be of this new propulsion architecture – especially in the at the forefront of a revolution in affordable, green wake of the Boeing 737 MAX. “I don’t think there point-to-point travel.

JANUARY 2020 17 ENVIRONMENTAL FOCUS Electric aircraft Electrifying ideas Winners named in RAeS electric air race design contest

This year’s Royal Aeronautical Society International Light Aircraft Design Competition saw budding aircraft designers compete to create the ultimate green light aircraft – an electric-powered air racer. TONY BISHOP from the Society’s GA Specialist Group, reports. lectrification of aircraft is happening at Electrifying General Aviation on 18 November. The speed, with companies such as Airbus, packed audience included His Excellency, Tadej Boeing and Rolls-Royce committing to Rupel, Slovenian Ambassador to the UK, there to major developments. Currently effort is celebrate an award to a Slovenian team. focussed on lighter aircraft where the The winners were: Emass of the batteries and limited payload are less 1. IONTREPID from New Zealand in a time of of a problem. Of course these small aircraft can be 2 minutes 47.6 seconds developed much more rapidly. 2. Sparrowhawk R-1 from the UK in 2:58.9

Airbus 3. A formX R(e) from Slovenia in 3:07.1 Awards were presented to the top three by Steve Slater, CEO of the Light Aircraft Association.

The challenge

The competition was run in conjunction with Air Race E. It required entrants to design an electric air racer to take off and fly around an oval circuit five The first electric Air Race E times, with extended high G turns at each end. The aircraft was unveiled at the 2019 Dubai Air Show. time was measured around the 5km race circuit in a simulator. Georg Kügemann of Germany developed special software that measured the race time and First Air Race E teams named voided any flights in which the aircraft flew too high, too low, or inside a pylon. Flying this race accurately Air Race E is organising an international series of proved challenging for the competitors! Entrants electric air races, starting in 2020. Eight contestants also had to justify their simulator assumptions in a start on a grid and fly around an oval course. This comprehensive design report. was the inspiration for this year’s competition, which The design rules were based on Air Race E has been organised in close co-ordination with Air but widened to encourage a broader range of Race E, with the rules for both events developed in configurations. Air Race E rules include a minimum parallel. The competition was supported by the UK’s empty weight of 227kg, a maximum motor power Light Aircraft Association (LAA) which also supports of 150kW, fixed pitch propellers, a minimum wing Air Race E. area of 6.132m² and a fixed main undercarriage. The 2019 RAeS competition was to design Air Race E also demands that all motors have an electric air-racer, inspired by Air Race E’s new the same thrust line. This limitation was removed competition. With a single pilot and short duration, from the RAeS competition to encourage wider this is an excellent proving ground for new innovation. electric powertrain technologies. The results were 15 entrants provided fierce competition for the announced at the Royal Aeronautical Society’s title, submitting a wide variety of designs – most of annual Light Aircraft Design Conference on them highly unconventional. The freedom provided

18 AEROSPACE by small, light electric motors has led to a fascinating range of distributed power configurations. Entries this year came with one, two, three and four motors, and with one, two and three wings. The winners all exploited this freedom. Designers included teams and individuals; professional engineers, students, apprentices and people from outside the industry.

First place winner The winner was IONTREPID with an impressive maximum speed of 330kt, and an ability to get round the high-G turns without losing much speed. IONTREPID is a high aspect ratio flying wing with a pusher motor and retractable nosewheel, designed by Cameron Garner from x.aerodynamics of Timaru in New Zealand. Drag is minimised with the short fuselage and the rear propeller ingests the fuselage boundary layer. Wing sections were tailored to increase laminar flow. X.aerodynamics develops flight-realistic The winning IONTREPID aircraft used a flying wing aircraft models for the x-plane simulator. configuration. (IONTREPID) This design won the first prize of an aerodynamic analysis (CFD) of its configuration, which was provided by Airshaper in (airshaper.com) and this will provide an interesting comparison with assumptions made in the design.

Second place winner In second place, the Sparrowhawk R-1 features a triple wing configuration with twin, wing mounted motors and a V-tail. Unusually, it is mainly of metal construction, designed for easy home- building. The Sparrowhawk is designed for home-built racers. (Sparrowhawk)

Third place winner Third place AFormX is a flight test subcontractor for Pipistrel who also build virtual reality flight simulators. Its aircraft features three motors – one at each (to reduce vortex drag) and a third pusher at the tail which ingests the fuselage boundary layer. AFormX features motors at wing-tips and tail. (AFormX)

Hopefully some of these designs will be Rolls-Royce too, is building developed into the Air Race E aircraft of the its own electric air racer – future. the ACCEL – designed to Get ready for the 2020 contest! This annual competition is organised by the smash the speed record for General Aviation Group of the RAeS, and was electric flight. At the conference, the 2020 design competition (Rolls-Royce) judged by aircraft designers and academics from was announced. A complete change of direction this group, and the Chief Engineer of the LAA. this time with a mission for an eVTOL aircraft The RAeS GA Group is committed to encouraging designed to complete a humanitarian mission with disruptive developments in the fast-changing GA pilot, stretcher case and attendant. The rules will be market with conferences, design competitions, announced at the end of 2019, but those interested lectures and deregulation of experimental aircraft. can register now at [email protected].

JANUARY 2020 19 ENVIRONMENTAL FOCUS CORSIA and airlines

Greta Thunberg

Countdown to CORSIA This year sees ICAO’s Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) come into force as a global system to deliver carbon neutral growth for airlines. ALAN DRON unpicks the details of this scheme and reports from the RAeS Greener By Design Conference held in November.

nvironmental issues have leapt to the Public enemy: Aviation top of the political agenda over the past two years. The growing incidence of Aviation has increasingly taken the brunt of extreme weather incidents seems to complaints from environmental campaigners over back up the scientific consensus that carbon emissions. Currently the aviation industry a warming atmosphere, caused largely by human- accounts for 3% of annual global CO emissions, E 2 created emissions, poses increasingly existential according to the European Environment Agency’s risks to the future of the planet. 2019 European Aviation Environmental Report, Warning signs are proliferating. Only in but this figure will climb as the world’s airliner fleet

November, levels of CO2 and other greenhouse grows to satisfy increased demand. gases in the atmosphere were reported to Although OEMs and airlines make the have reached record new levels and the World point that new-generation airliners are around Meteorological Organization reported that, 15% more fuel-efficient than their immediate since 1990, there has been a 43% increase in predecessors, these improvements are outweighed the warming effect on the climate of long-lived by growth of the world’s airliner fleet. greenhouse gases. Scientists in the journal Nature expressed fears Flygskam that ‘tipping points’, which may have an amplifying effect on climate change may be reached much In Sweden this growth in emissions has led to sooner than had previously been thought, although the phenomenon of flygskam, or ‘’, a this view is not universally held. campaign to dissuade people from flying. Greener DESIGNby

The work of and associated Flygskam (Flight shame) campaign originating from Sweden places more pressure upon the aerospace industry to reduce its carbon emissions.

20 AEROSPACE Greta Thunberg

Swedavia, which runs the country’s airports, slow to set up their administration bodies. There reported that the total number of passengers is also a shortage of verifiers to check airlines’ passing through its airports fell 4% between submissions. Countdown to January and October compared to the previous In summer 2019 ICAO called for organisations year, while the drop in domestic traffic was 8%. that wanted to be involved in providing offsets In Europe in particular, a groundswell of to submit their plans for assessment against the THE AMOUNT concern is becoming apparent among the CORSIA Emissions Unit Criteria. Fourteen did so, OF SUCH CORSIA travelling public. Which is why IATA’s Director from countries including the US, China, Canada, General Alexandre de Juniac, is urging airlines Qatar and . Recommendations to (SUSTAINABLE to put across their environmental achievements ICAO’s Council on which programmes are eligible FUELS) more forcefully and bio-fuel projects are being for use under CORSIA are expected in March PRODUCED scaled up as quickly as money and resources will 2020. WOULD allow. Once these are known, airlines will have a ‘Offset arrangements’ such as ICAO’s clearer idea of where they can purchase CORSIA HAVE MET Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for ‘eligible emissions units’ before the offset- THE GLOBAL International Aviation (CORSIA) have become the purchasing aspect of CORSIA kicks in, in 2021. AVIATION name of the game as far as the airline sector’s CORSIA will have a pilot phase (2021-23) response to climate change is concerned. and first phase (2024-26) that will involve all INDUSTRY’S states that have volunteered to participate. The NEEDS FOR JUST Of CORSIA second phase (2027-35) will apply to all states 10 MINUTES that contribute more than 0.5% of total revenue- CORSIA is a global market-based measure tonne kilometres (RTK). Once the level of excess

(MBM) designed to address any increase in CO2 emissions over the baseline is determined for each emissions from international civil aviation flights year, the amount of offsets required is distributed above 2020 levels. Any increase above the 2020 among aircraft operators participating in the baseline must be offset, making any growth in the scheme. Those operators then have to buy the international civil airline market carbon-neutral. necessary quantity of offsets. As a necessary precursor, at the start of Critics of CORSIA have three main complaints: 2020, airlines are submitting their first full year ● that it seeks merely to offset emissions when

of emissions data. Their verified CO2 emissions actual reductions are required in order to for 2019 have to be submitted to a national combat climate change; administration organisation by 31 May 2020, with ● that the most common offset purchased is each state then reporting to ICAO. Their data will likely to be in the form of planting more trees, form the baseline against which future industry whose benefits will be almost impossible to growth – and the offsets necessary to compensate quantify, given factors such as disease, fires, for this – will be calculated. droughts and illegal logging At an Aviation Carbon conference in London T hat it will create a demand for bio-fuels, in November, participants heard that airlines have ● many of which are palm oil-derived and which generally responded well to their approaching actually create more emissions, not to mention requirements under CORSIA but that the picture causing deforestation as new palm plantations among states has been mixed, with many countries are created.

JANUARY 2020 21 ENVIRONMENTAL FOCUS CORSIA and airlines

“We think CORSIA will mitigate 2.5bn tonnes present, to get to the target of 43% lower emissions

of CO2 over its lifetime,” said Professor Piers by 2030 compared to those of 2005. 2035: 335m tonnes Forster, a member of the UK Committee on Climate Change and Director of Leeds University’s Making allowances 2021:19m tonnes Priestley International Centre for Climate. However, “for the industry it was always regarded as a stop- A major difference between CORSIA and ETS is gap measure while sustainable aviation fuels and a that emissions’ allowances under ETS will steadily new generation of aircraft could come on line.” decrease, aiming to produce an actual reduction in Also in the picture is the European Union’s emissions, rather than merely offsetting them. This CORSIA Annual Emissions Trading System (ETS). This became approach finds more favour from environmental mired in controversy when mooted at the start campaigners. offsetting of the decade, as it planned to count the entire Complicating the situation is the fact that requirements CO2 emissions for aircraft flying in and out of EU allowances under the ETS are currently not are forecast to airspace, even if the bulk of those journeys fell acceptable under CORSIA, while CORSIA’s offset increase from outside the bloc. Many countries accused the EU credits will be deemed unacceptable under ETS of attempting to act extra-territoriality. from 1 January 2021. around 19m In 2013 the European Commission (EC) limited The ideal long-term solution is for airliners tonnes in 2021 to ETS to flights within the European Economic Area either to run on sustainable fuels, or to be powered 335m tonnes by (EEA), on condition that ICAO developed a global electrically. Embraer ’s 2035. MBM scheme. President and CEO, John Slattery believes it will Under ETS, all airlines operating in Europe, be the mid-2030s before an electrically-powered European and non-European alike, must monitor, 100-seat regional airliner is operational, although report and verify their emissions within the EEA. small, sub-regional hybrid or electrical aircraft They receive tradeable allowances covering a could start to appear around the middle of the next certain level of emissions each year and must decade. surrender allowances against those emissions. Sustainable fuels, meanwhile, are moving out If an airline’s emissions exceed what is of the research stage but still account for a tiny permitted by its allowances, it must purchase fraction of requirements. In 2019, for example, the allowances at auction or from other companies amount of such fuels produced would have met the holding a surplus. Conversely, if an airline has global aviation industry’s needs for just 10 minutes, performed well at reducing its emissions, it can sell according to Tim Johnson, director of the Aviation its leftover credits. Environment Federation (AEF), which campaigns The system, says the EC, has so far contributed for sustainable flying. to reducing the carbon footprint of the aviation Producers are rushing to scale up production sector by more than 17m tonnes per year, with but current estimates suggest that, at best, this is compliance covering over 99.5% of emissions. likely only to account for 2% of requirements in the “In 2020, emissions from sectors covered by next few years. ETS (not just aviation) will be 21% lower than in “Airlines will increasingly have to be seen to 2005”, says the EC. In the next phase of ETS, which be contributing to reducing their impact on the will run from 2021-2030, the cap on emissions environment,” he added. “Travellers are increasingly will reduce by 2.2% annually, rather than 1.74% at considering airlines’ sustainability efforts when

22 AEROSPACE they select a carrier,” Johnson told the RAeS Greener By Design conference in November. The conference brought together specialists from a range of aviation-related sectors, including airlines, the fuel industry and environmental technology researchers. “Public scrutiny over aviation carbon emissions is at an all-time high,” said Johnson. “People will be asking not only ‘Should I fly or not?’ but will be looking at carbon savings that can be made by individual airlines.” Asked if he believed individual travellers would start buying tickets with specific airlines because of their efforts to reduce carbon emissions, he said: “I don’t think we’re far away from that. I think the public will demand it.” As far as environmental lobby groups are concerned, carbon offsetting is, at best, a short- term sticking plaster – and not necessarily an effective one. European group Transport & Environment verifying that their offset payments are actually (T&E) believes that ideally, individuals should cut being employed for that purpose. down the amount they fly. It accepts that people That point was memorably made during the are unlikely to cease flying completely but believes Greener By Design conference by Cranfield they will tend to fly less in future. University emeritus Professor of Aerospace Engineering Ian Poll. He described the forthcoming A path from offsetting plethora of voluntary offsetting schemes as: “The biggest-ever opportunity for organised crime. Why “CORSIA is a bit pointless. It’s an irrelevance. bother hauling suitcases of drugs around when you Offsetting doesn’t work. It’s not going to make a can sell the public non-existent carbon offsets?” difference,” said T&E’s aviation manager Andrew Five European governments already have Murphy. passenger charges intended as ‘green’ taxes and His sentiments were echoed by Jenny Bates, five more are looking at imposing them. There climate and transport campaigner at Friends of have been consistent complaints from the airline the Earth: “In the vast majority of cases offsetting industry that the taxes do nothing to reduce just doesn’t work. Offsetting should not be used emissions but instead disappear into the general as a method of justifying an increase in avoidable tax pool. The UK has the world’s highest such tax emissions.” in the form of the airline passenger duty, effectively “The UK government should formally reject a departure tax. CORSIA and associated offsetting. It should also Despite complaints from airlines and more actively promote an international aviation passengers, the reality is that governments have agreement that reduces aviation, rules out become accustomed to this revenue stream and unsustainable use of biofuels, covers all climate are unlikely to give it up, London warming emissions, and is consistent with the director of sustainability Matt Gorman told the Agreement’s 1.5°C limit.” Greener by Design audience. “We must end the tax breaks airlines currently Energy Transitions Commission Chairman Adair enjoy on aviation fuel – the Government must tax Turner suggested finance ministers could use airlines just as motorists have to pay to drive. Loss such taxes in more imaginative ways, especially of revenue from these tax breaks on aviation fuel is as governments mandating increasing levels of costing the Government, and that money could be sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) become a likely used to help fix the climate emergency.” prospect. Neither is trying to reduce the amount of A minister “could say ‘I’m going to increase commercial flying by increasing taxes – either on APD but I’m going to increase it by 50% for non- fuel or other aspects of flying – viable, said T&E’s SAFs but reduce it by 50% for SAFs’,” he said. Murphy: “You can’t tax your way to zero emissions.” “That would change it from being just a tax to a However, the lack of taxation on aviation fuel in carbon-related tax.” many parts of the world is a problem: “We need to That, in turn, could give airlines that make get away from that fossil fuel subsidy.” greater efforts to increase the use of SAFs He added that even passengers who voluntarily an opportunity to lower fares, giving them a choose to offset their travel face the problem of competitive edge.

JANUARY 2020 23 Advertorial Connecting people in a net zero world Stewart Wingate, CEO, , London

Many airports across the world are managing necessary market innovations, investment and two competing tensions by looking for ways international cooperation. to meet increasing passenger demand for If this all happens, the future of aviation can be connectivity, while ensuring that any growth is very different from today. It can be cleaner, quieter also sustainable. and smarter. In the UK, the Government has asked airports to Competition and consumer purchasing power explore how they might grow by making best use of will help drive this change. We are already seeing existing airport runways. At Gatwick, we are taking innovation in this space, with BA and easyJet this forward by seeking permission to bring our announcing major carbon-related initiatives. existing Northern Runway into routine use to deliver Gatwick’s aircraft fleet is already fuel efficient incremental growth. and, as an industry, I am positive that we can The UK has also legislated to become carbon move forward with hybrid and then electric engine net zero by 2050. This is undoubtedly one of the technology for European flights. most important challenges we face as a nation – Long-haul will be harder and some carriers are and as a planet – and it is one that all industries, looking at carbon recapture and recycling, which including aviation, must solve together. involves converting carbon into ethanol and mixing it At Gatwick we have a strong track record. By into airplane fuel. purchasing renewable electricity and having a A aircraft recently landed at strong focus on energy efficiency, we have become Gatwick having flown using carbon recapture carbon neutral. Our ground-based facilities are technology for the first ever commercial flight. also half way to net zero, but we must keep this As said, this flight helped momentum going. ‘demonstrate the art of the possible’. Other new Aviation however is global in nature and any technologies will of course be needed if we are to solution must also be global. In partnership with meet the net zero 2050 target. other industry players, airports can use their I believe that net zero carbon emissions for influence to promote an ambitious long-term, global aviation are within reach by 2050. Growth and approach to reduce aircraft emissions. sustainability do not need to be mutually exclusive Government action will be key and can be a challenges. With significant innovation, investment – catalyst. Carefully thought out policies must be and of course ambition - it is possible for both to be developed across the globe that encourage the accommodated in a net zero world.

ENVIRONMENTAL FOCUS Electric aircraft Plugging into the e-supply chain

PAUL ADAMS, head of aerospace at management consultancy, Vendigital, looks at how the global aerospace supply chain

will need to adapt to commecialising electric aviation. Eviation

he sector’s preparations for an all-electric impact, and many of these have focused on future are gaining momentum, with a advancements in gas turbine technology. The EU’s 50 per cent increase in the number of Flightpath 2050 programme calls for a 75 per global electric aircraft developments cent reduction in carbon emissions per passenger since April 2018. However, to overcome kilometre by 2050, compared with 2000 levels. With Tthe challenges involved in bringing large, electrically- air traffic growth expected to double over the next powered aircraft to market, OEMs must keep the 20 years, refinements to current technology will no commercial viability of R&D developments front of longer be sufficient to achieve this objective, and a mind. So how close are all-electric passenger flights, decisive approach to R&D investment is needed to and what’s the secret of a successful and cost- realise the potential of all-electric civil aviation. effective electric aviation strategy? In order to achieve the switch from Many of the headlines at last year’s Paris Air conventionally-fuelled aircraft to all-electric models, Show focused on the latest developments in hybrid the sector must overcome three main challenges; and all-electric aircraft. In particular, Israel-based tech the weight of existing batteries and fuel cells, start-up, Eviation, attracted attention with ‘Alice’, its the need to improve operational efficiency, and e-taxi prototype capable of carrying nine passengers the risks posed to passenger safety. Consider for for distances of up to 650 miles, at a speed of 240kt. example that during a long-haul flight, the aircraft’s While such innovations have captured the imagination gas turbine core will typically reach temperatures of the industry, it is important to bear in mind that higher than the surface of the sun. This gives it is still early days and the relatively small-scale some idea of the level of power required for flight, developments achieved to date represent only a which an electrical power plant would need to minor part of the global aerospace market. As such, generate. Practical challenges must be overcome they have little bearing on the significant challenges at technology, product and manufacturing supply facing the sector in its mission to make electrically- chain levels, which run well beyond today’s industrial powered commercial flight a reality. capabilities. Take electrical cables currently in production. Not only are they currently incapable of The environmental impact factor safely conducting a required electrical voltage, it is not fully understood how to integrate the required In recent years, OEMs have taken massive strides in technology into a viable product, or how such a their efforts to minimise the industry’s environmental technology would be produced. This is just one area of product development where significant strides GKN Aerospace GKN are needed.

Creating a spark

In recent years, a number of OEMs have collaborated in order to advance innovation in this field of R&D. For example, Rolls-Royce and Siemens’ demonstration project – ‘E-Fan X’ – is focused on developing electric propulsion technologies capable of getting a 100-seat commercial aircraft off the ground. Aerospace giant, Airbus, which successfully flew its two-

26 AEROSPACE seater electric aircraft at the 2014 Farnborough chain risk by actively protecting their supply base. Air Show, has also secured Rolls-Royce’s support As part of this, it is important to replace traditional, in transforming its prototype into a large-scale, adversarial buyer-seller relationships, which tend to commercially-viable airliner. be focused on achieving the lowest price possible, The industrialisation of innovative with more collaborative partnerships manufacturing materials and methods which are understanding of the need is also key to realising the sector’s to safeguard the supplier’s financial all-electric future. In particular, additive position. manufacturing could help OEMs to advance their R&D activities by enabling DURING A Picking R&D winners the production of complex shapes, which cannot be realised using traditional LONG-HAUL Traditionally, the profitability of R&D manufacturing approaches. However, in FLIGHT, THE projects may not have been viewed order to successfully align developments AIRCRAFT’S GAS as the key priority for UK-based in material technologies, such as TURBINE CORE manufacturers, with a large proportion metallic powders, and 3D-printing, receiving Government funding under increased collaboration between aircraft WILL TYPICALLY national defence programmes. manufacturers and the supply chain will REACH However, a decisive approach to R&D be essential. Established with the aim TEMPERATURES decisions is now crucial to ensure of bringing a number of manufacturers HIGHER THAN that all-electric aviation programmes under one roof, GKN’s Bristol-based THE SURFACE offer real value and move the industry Global Technology Centre is a dynamic forwards. While there may currently be example of such collaborative innovation OF THE SUN. 170 models of electric aircraft under in action. THIS GIVES development globally, in all likelihood, Getting involved in more supply SOME IDEA only a small number of these will be chain collaboration can also support OF THE LEVEL commercially viable. As such, the OEMs in their efforts to develop a cost- onus is on manufacturing leaders effective electric aviation strategy by OF POWER to recognise which projects have helping them to introduce greater agility REQUIRED FOR commercial potential at an early stage and flexibility around their cost base. By FLIGHT and take difficult strategic decisions. working together at an early stage in an Ensuring that they have a robust plan in aircraft’s production cycle, manufacturers place for commercialising technology at can gain a more accurate understanding of the the outset is key. costs involved in manufacturing a product, and how The aviation industry’s all-electric future is much they can be reduced without eating into the definitely on the way. However, with global passenger firm’s margins. Often, a key part of this involves numbers continuing to climb at a rapid rate, current striking a balance between specification and cost by small-scale all-electric prototypes are unlikely to weighing up what the product needs to do, and the address the industry’s need to significantly reduce level of engineering needed to achieve the required carbon emissions. To find a solution to such functionality. challenges, major R&D investment will be required, Sustainable electric aviation strategies should also along with a firm commitment by OEMs to stay involve measures from OEMs to reduce their supply focused on commercial viability.

JANUARY 2020 27 SHOW REPORT Dubai Air Show 2019 2Excel Aviation Arabian flights

Electric air racers, counter-drone technology and scales back plans – TIM ROBINSON and BILL READ report on the highlights from the 2019 Dubai Air Show.

Blades he 2019 Dubai Air Show was held for This year’s show featured both national show crowd five days from 17-21 November with pavilions (representing companies from Canada, with an estimated 90,000 people France, Germany, Russia, Turkey, UK, Ukraine A highlight of the daily attending the five-day event at the and the US) and also pavilions which focussed on flying displays at the DWC Exhibition Center close to Global Air Traffic Management, Airport Solutions show was the UK's The TAl Maktoum Airport. After a subdued start Dubai, the Space Pavilion, Cargo Connect, and Blades team. to commercial deals, figures from the show Smart Manufacturing. Let's take a look at some The team, part of the organisers say that the 2019 saw of the highlights. larger 2Excel Aviation $54.5bn in aircraft orders − compared to $113.8bn Group, were at the from the 2017 exhibition where 874 aircraft were Airbus predicts tripling of UAE show while awaiting ordered. The 2019 show saw over 84,000 visitors, market fleet by 2038 final clearance from compared to 79,380 attendees in 2017. An the local regulator to estimated 1,288 exhibitors and 161 aircraft were At the show Airbus revealed its 2019 Global commence passenger on display at the event. Aircraft debuting at Dubai Market Forecast (GMF) 20-year forecast which aerobatics in the UAE. for the first time included the Saab GlobalEye, predicted a global requirement for 39,210 new As well as appealing to Boeing KC-46 Pegasus, Russian Helicopters Mi-38 passenger and freight aircraft by 2039. Bob adrenaline junkies of and Yak-130 trainer. The flying display included Lange, Airbus Head of Business Analysis and the UAE and the Gulf, flypasts by helicopters of the UAE's Joint Aviation Market Forecast, predicted that, of this total, the The Blades’ skills as Command and RAF Typhoons, as well as aerobatics market serving the UAE would see a higher than instructors could also by the UAE AF Al Fursan and France AF Patrouille average growth with a requirement for 1,730 be in demand to provide de France teams. Stealth was on show with a aircraft by 2038, compared to its present total the latest in upset flying display from a USAF F-22 and a short demo of around 630. This would be made up from 750 recovery prevention from a USAF F-35A Lightning II − the type’s first small category aircraft, such as the A320 and training (URPT) to the appearance at the Dubai Air Show. The exhibition A321, and 980 medium and large aircraft, like 7,000-8,000 airline also saw civil aviation represented with displays by the A330neo and A350 (and no longer including pilots in the region. the and . the now discontinued A380).

28 AEROSPACE Duabi Air Show However, demand for new aircraft was only part stage, the Spacebit Spider Moon Rover is the world’s DAS19 IN of the picture. Remi Maillard, SVP of Airbus Services, smallest robotic Moon rover fitted with legs instead of described the future for aftermarket services, which wheels. Spacebit also unveiled a prototype of the UK’s BRIEF included an increased use of digital platforms, first ever lunar lander – the Spacebit ‘Lunar Lander- enhanced training services and aftermarket care to Hopper’ at the Yuzhnoye Design Buro stand. ensure the continued use of existing A380s. “It is not Pratt & Whitney signed the sunset of the A380, we are commited to keep the Boeing gets double vote of a contract with Russian A380 flying for a very long time,” he said. confidence in MAX Helicopters-owned VR- Technologies to fit its EDGE of tomorrow With the grounded Boeing 737MAX and efforts light VRT500 helicopter to return it to flight on everyone's lips at the show, with gas-turbine A new name at the show this year was the newly Boeing received two boosts for the aircraft's future PW207V engines. launched Abu Dhabi-based EDGE technology fortunes. Turkish leisure carrier SunExpress exercised conglomerate which encompasses over 25 options for ten Boeing 737 MAX 8s to add to its Abu Dhabi Aviation companies, including Emirates Defence Industries existing order for 32 MAXs. SunExpress was only the (ADA) is to buy five Company, Emirates Advanced Investments Group and second carrier after the IAG group to place an order Leonardo helicopters Tawazun Holding. This new grouping is aiming to be for the 737 MAX since it was grounded earlier this to be delivered in a regional powerhouse for advanced aerospace and year. 2020, including defence technology, such as 3D printing and robotics. Meanwhile, the third day saw Boeing unveil a three intermediate Its products range from guided and smart , to second surprise customer for the 737MAX airliner, AW139s and two target drones, to UAVs, as well as other innovations, when FlyArystan, a new low-cost airline from light-intermediate including a diamond-wing loitering munition. Kazakhstan, announced a LoI (letter of intent) for AW169s. 30 737 MAX 8s. The airline is a no-frills offshoot Spacebit to test UK spider lunar rover of Kazakhstan’s flag carrier Air Astana. Launched in UAE earlier this year, FlyArystan is aiming to tap into the Astronauts old Arabian flights underserved demand of Kazakhstanis themselves to and new meet UK space company Spacebit is to test its robotic travel by air in an affordable way. While much depends walking moon rover in Al Ain in Abu Dhabi, where on the timing of when the 737MAX is approved to in Dubai the terrain has surface conditions similar to those on return to flight, the airline says it expects to begin Fresh from his trip to the the Moon’s surface. Currently in its final development services with the MAX in late 2021. ISS earlier this year was the UAE’s first astronaut – ex-F-16 fighter pilot Hazza Al Mansouri who spent eight days aboard the space In a surprise announcement to many at the show, the UAE Armed Forces revealed that it intends to double station, carrying with him its Airbus A330MRTT tanker fleet from three to six, as well as ordering two additional Saab GlobalEye AEW the hopes and dreams of aircraft (below − making its international air show debut), bringing its total to five. The UAE ordered two this Gulf nation. He was GlobalEyes at the 2015 Dubai Air Show, followed by a third order in 2017. However, Saab stressed that the caught at the air show latest UAE order, worth $1.018bn, is subject to negotiation. catching up with Apollo 15 legend Al Worden who, as Earlier deals in the week saw the UAE armed forces place AED7bn worth of military contracts well as appearing on the with companies such as Boeing, Dassault and MBDA. US Pavilion, was also there inspiring future generations to go into space and UAE Air Force boosts capabilities with extra celebrating the anniversary of Apollo 12 − on which tankers and spyplanes he was one of the backup crew. Duabi Air Show

JANUARY 2020 29 Saab SHOW REPORT Dubai Air Show 2019

Horizon orders 12 Bell 505s for flight has the Kupol and Rubezh-Avtomatika, which training provide a defensive EW jamming umbrella over the installation that needs protecting. Bell Textron signed a purchase agreement with Horizon International Flight Academy Ghana to rebuild national carrier for 12 Bell 505 helicopters. Based at Al with 787-9s and Q400s Airbus Ain Zone in Dubai, the Academy uses its Bell-only fleet to provide The Government of Ghana signed tentative deals flight training to local and international with both Boeing and De Havilland Canada for students for the civilian and military sector. three 787-9s and six Dash 8-400 . UAE Air Force The Ghanaian Minister of Aviation, Joseph Kofi invests in local Russia details layered approach to Adda, explained how it planned to use the aircraft light attack counter-drone defence to create a new national airline, which would be 10% government and 90% privately owned, as The UAE Air Force With the drone/cruise attack that caused part of plans to establish Ghana as an aviation and Defence (UAE significant damage to Saudi Arabian oil facilities hub for West Africa with the creation of three AF & AD) placed the still at the forefront of many minds, there was a additional international airports. first order for the big focus on missile defence and counter-UAV indigenously produced capabilities. Indeed, some sharp-eyed visitors Boeing releases 20-year market B-250 Calidus single- noticed at least one Russian-built Pantsir S1 forecast for Middle East engine turboprop short-range SAM system from the UAE armed designed for light attack forces deployed around the perimeter of the Over at Boeing, Randy Tinseth, VP Marketing, counter-insurgency airport to counter these threats. BCA, gave a presenation on the latest market (COIN). The $620m At the show, Russia’s Rosoboronexport forecast from the airframer. Tinseth admitted order was for 24 provided an overview on its non-kinetic that, while on average global airlines had been aircraft but no delivery counter-drone EW technology, which ranges enjoying boom years with nine straight years dates have yet been from the military truck based ‘Repellent’ – able of profit, the operational environment in the finalised. to jam UV from 30km away, to the short-range Gulf and Middle East had been more difficult. (2kg) Pischal rifle-style jammer, which weighs However, Boeing’s Commercial Market Outlook 3.5kg. For drone swarms, Rosoboronexport still forecasts strong fundamentals, with the First Air Race E racer unveiled Airbus

Saudi Arabian low-cost placed a order for 10 A321XLRs – firming up an previous MoU and taking its total The first day of the show saw the unveiling of the 300mph White Lightning, the first aircraft which will compete A320 family orders to next year in Air Race E, the world’s first electric aircraft race. Jeff Zaltman, CE of Air Race E, explained how the 90. The acquisition of Cassutt F1 Racer airframe aircraft has already won championships in Formula 1 air races as a conventional race these A321XLRs to plane and was donated to Air Race E by its pilot Andrew Chadwick to be reconfigured to contra-rotating propeller its fleet will see Flynas electric propulsion by Team with assistance from Contra Electric and the University of Nottingham. Also able to operate longer represented at the launch was Airbus which is a founding partner in Air Race E. ”Electrification is a key enabler 8-9hr flights beyond in the moves to decarbonise our industry and will help us to develop technology which can be used in our its normal 4hr radius commercial aircraft industry,” said Airbus Head of Demonstrators, Sandra Bour Schaeffer. − supporting Saudi Air Race E announced eight international teams which will compete in the world’s first electric aircraft race Arabia's ambitious next autumn. The aircraft and teams are the BB-23 from Team Beta Technologies Racing (USA); an adapted Vision 2030 initiative Cassutt from Team Outlaw (Canada); Scramasaxe E project from Team Scramasaxe (France); Team Möbius to boost tourism and (USA); One from Team Hangar-1 (Germany); The Gulf Oil Racer from Team Allways Air Racing (USA); investment. Fanta from Team NL (Netherlands); and White Lightning from Team Condor Racing (UK).

30 AEROSPACE Boeing Airbus Emirates confirms widebody orders but cuts back on numbers After a subdued start to the show in terms of major commercial news, there was good news for Airbus when home airline Emirates confirmed its outstanding commitment from 2017 for A350- 900 widebodies – upping the number in the firm order from 30 to 50. However, the deal (worth $16bn at list prices) also saw Emirates remove 40 A330neos from its original commitment. Meanwhile, shortly before the conclusion of the 2019 Dubai Air Show, Emirates announced a revised order for Boeing aircraft which involved a new order for 30 787-9 Dreamliners but also a reduction of an existing order for 777Xs from 150 down to 126. The first 787 is due for delivery in 2023 but no date was announced for the 777Xs which were originally planned to enter service with the airline in 2020. Flappy from China company predicting that the Middle East will in 2021 and sees it scaling up into a 19-seat need 3,130 new airliners valued at $725bn over commuter aircraft. Ornithopters are the next two decades. On top of that, the growing rare enough flying commercial services and support market is also UAE space agency blazes a trail for machines as is, but valued at another $790bn. gender balance rarer still to find 1) To fly, crew and maintain these aircraft the an example from Middle East will need 213,000 personnel – with At the opening session of the Women in Space China and 2) that is 64,000 pilots needed over the next 20 years, conference, Dr Nawal Al-Hosany, Permanent aiming to find a place 65,000 technicians and a further 102,000 cabin Representative of the UAE International in military forces crew. Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) chaired as a near-silent With the 737MAX grounded, the 777X a panel discussion on diversity in the space UAV. The Weight delayed, a production rate cut in the 787 and industry with Sarah bint Yousif Al Amiri, Minister Loading Ornithopter the new mid-sized NMA airliner still stuck limbo, of State for Advanced Sciences, Dr Jean-Yves from Beijing Implant Tinseth deflected questions on the airframer’s Le Gall, President of the French Centre National Aircraft Company was overall strategy – explaining that the focus has d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Simonetta Di Pippo, apparently inspired been and will be on getting the 737MAX back Director of the United Nations Office for Outer by the company’s into service. However, he stressed that, while Space Affairs and Dr Mohammed Nasser Al founder – a bone the company has been working towards the goal Ahbabi, Director General of the UAE Space doctor who had a of return to service in January, “the schedule is Agency. special insight into determined by regulators”. According to statistics presented at the and flapping conference, 53% of people now working in the animals. The electric Swiss hybrid-electric Smartflyer UAE space sector and 56% in the UAE Space -powered ornithopter aims for take-off Agency are female. However, more science has an endurance of graduates of all genders are needed to maintain five minutes, with the There was hybrid-electric aviation innovation the UAE’s ambitious space agenda, which company's goal to at the show – this time from Switzerland’s includes sending the first Arabian spacecraft to extend this up to two Smartflyer, which aims to fly a four-seat light Mars next year, as part of the Emirates HOPE hours. aircraft that could have around 35% reduction Mars mission to study the Martian atmosphere. in operating costs compared to a piston engine GA aircraft. Hybrid-electric also allows for more Arabia delights Airbus radical configurations, with the Rolls-Royce electric engine mounted high on the tail. This, -based low-cost carrier says Smartflyer, puts it in clear airflow and gives made the headlines with a bumper deal for a 25% improvement in efficiency compared 120 aircraft. The deal, a ‘puller’ propeller configuration. Meanwhile, worth $14bn at list prices, breaks down into a Rotax engine in the nose acts as a range- 73 A320neos, 27 A321neos and 20 of long- extender, charging batteries in the wings. With range A321XLRs. Air Arabia, which is based some funding from government for green in Sharjah, already operates 54 A320 family projects, Smartflyer is aiming to fly this aircraft aircraft.

JANUARY 2020 31 SHOW REPORT Dubai Air Show 2019

At the show, LEO megaconstellation developer OneWeb was keen to tell airlines about what its high-speed, low- latency 650-satellite network could do for them. Ben Griffin, VP Commercial Aviation, Leonardo targets global MALE market with OneWeb, says that he expects aviation to Solar Impulse 2-derived UAV

be the ‘anchor tenant’ Leonardo – or ‘30-40%’ of its Could a solar-powered drone, offering up to 90 days endurance, be the next evolution in MALE business. Services to (medium altitude, long endurance) UAVs? An American-Spanish start-up, now backed by Leonardo, aviation customers aims to find out with its Skydweller drone. This UAV uses the proven design of the recording-breaking are expected to be Solar Impulse 2 round-the-world aircraft which, once the pilot is removed, gives unmatched payload available from late capabilities of 300-800lb (10x rival HAPS drones), power generation and allows for increased 2021. endurance beyond a human pilot. With solar power, the limiting factor, says Skydweller, will be the mean time before failure of components. The drone will initially operate at a lower altitude band (12-45,000ft) than rival stratospheric HAPS like Zephyr and Phasa-35 but benefits from a tougher structure that was originally designed to carry a pilot. Skydweller aims to develop the UAV in two phases – initially as an optionally piloted aircraft, then moving on to the fully unpiloted UAV. First piloted flight is targeted for 1Q of 2020, before moving on to an unmanned flight in the summer. Flight From operations could begin in 2021. Dreamliner to With a team that includes ex-Northrop Grumman staff, Skydweller is targeting telecoms, ‘Greenliner’ geospatial and military ISR missions for the UAV – with the Leonardo partnership also giving it access to the company’s latest and sensors. Perhaps most interestingly is that Skydweller Etihad Airways sees this persistent ISR platform as potentially replacing the ubiquitous Reaper/Predator MALE announced it would types. For the US, for example, this could see fewer numbers of MALE UAVs needed to cover be partnering with CAP commitments in the Middle East or Africa, as well as lowering or eliminating the need for Boeing to turn a forward-basing for these much in-demand UAVs. 787 Dreamliner into a ‘Greenliner’ to test the very The KC-390 with refuelling capability will still be latest in sustainable Coaxial multirole drone debuts at show available and there may be a future civil cargo aviation technology version in the longer term called the E-390. A and operations. The Making a big entrance at the Dubai Air Show this second announcement was that a new joint venture specially marked 787 year was the Aura 100 – a large VTOL drone – company was to be created called Boeing Embraer will trial a range of with international pedigree. The company, which Defense (51% owned by Embraer and 49% environmental aviation has a HQ in the US, an office in Prague and Boeing) which will market the C-390 internationally. initiatives, such as R&D in Russia, has developed the VTOL Aura The two companies explained how the sustainable biofuels to perform a range of missions, from cargo/ new designation was intended to reflect its or eco-friendly cabin supply delivery, to crop spraying, to geophysics, flexibility and value for operators looking for equipment. The airline inspection, and even SAR and a transport/ to perform a variety aims to make its maritime tasks. The UAV, which can be powered of tasks, such as cargo and troop transport, findings open-source by either a Zanzaterra or Rotax engine, has a cargo and paratroopers airdrop, search and and share best practice payload capacity of 100kg, can fly 4-6hrs and rescue, , medical evacuation with the rest of the a cruise speed of 100km/hr. Aura is aiming this and humanitarian missions. Jackson industry. UAV at the civil market with the US and UAE Schneider, President & CEO, Embraer Defence identified as the two most promising countries and Security explained how the first KC-390 for initial sales. for the had been delivered, with a second to follow before the end of New KC-390 variant named the year and the eighth aircraft now under Millennium construction. Marc Allen, President of Embraer Partnership & Group Operations, Boeing, Embraer and Boeing jointly announced a new added that the new joint venture would make name for the Embraer KC-390 military transport both companies stronger. “The C-390 now aircraft. A version of the aircraft without the aerial becomes a Boeing airplane,” he said. “It fills a

Etihad refuelling boom will be called the C-390 Millennium. medium military gap in the marketplace.” Airbus

32 AEROSPACE Duabi Air Show Summary However, if the commercial orders were slower, this was perhaps made up for by the This year's Dubai Air Show saw subdued orders increased focus on defence and security compared to the megadeals of yesteryear from capabilities. In particular, the UAE armed forces the big-spending airlines of the Gulf but ended announced a wide-ranging acquisition programme on a respectable 289. Both Airbus and Boeing that includes additional ‘force multiplers’ in will be relieved that Emirates has confirmed its the form of tankers and AEW aircraft, locally outstanding order for A350s and 787s but the produced light attack turboprops and upgrades cut in the number of widebodies shows how the for its Mirage 2000 fleet. It also comes on top of megacarrier is scaling back its ambitions. a recent US State Department approval for the By the end of the show, Airbus had UAE to acquire ten Boeing CH-47Fs. comfortably won the air show order race against Space too, was a major theme at the show, Collins debuts Boeing – helped by an impressive Air Arabia with Apollo 50th anniversaries, Virgin Galactic widescreen order for 120 A320neos − with deals for 188 flight suits and the UAE’s first astronaut there display compared to Boeing 75. However, Boeing will be in person, all adding to the excitement. With the pleased that, while the MAX is yet to return to UAE Hope mission to Mars, space is proving to Appearing for the flight, it is now able to show that interest in the be highly inspirational for Emiratis – with the UAE first time at Dubai aircraft is cautiously returning with deals for 40 Space Agency boasting one of the youngest and under the merged aircraft from two customers. most diverse workforces in the region. Collins Aerospace A winner from the show was De Havilland Finally − the need for aviation to face up banner, the new Canada which, over the course of three days, to the environmental challenge, was also a key company was added 29 orders to the Q400s backlog – a topic. The launch of an electric air race series to showing off the reversal of previous shows which usually saw ATR accelerate greener technologies − along with latest in avionics – crowned turboprop winner − and unusual given other sustainable aviation news was thus highly a large 8in x20in that the Middle East is not traditional turboprop welcome. Oddly, one technology trend seemingly single widescreen terrority. Embraer, meanwhile, left with six orders missing at Dubai this year was Urban Air Mobility display – the MFD- split between its E190 and E195-E2. - with only Boeing's PAV appearing in static. 420. The F-35- like glass screen features resistive touch technology, Taking inspiration from how migrating birds such as geese save muscle power by flying in formation, Airbus which allows it to be unveiled a new technology project that could save between 5-10% in fuel efficiency per flight for airlines. used with or without The concept, called ‘Wake Energy Retrieval’, would see airliners fly together (up to 3km) with the gloves and is sized following aircraft benefiting from surfing the leading aircraft’s slipstream – thus reducing fuel. The concept, to be fitted into a says Head of Airbus UpNext, Dr Sandra Bour Schaeffer, is not that aircraft would fly in military style close fighter-sized cockpit, formation but that these would be spread further out. or as rotorcraft pilot/ Airbus revealed that ATC and airlines would need to be on board for this concept of operations, which co-pilot screens. Schaeffer likened to ‘car sharing’. However, she described it as a “fantastic opportunity”, noting that it was a “very tangible solution” with a “huge potential that could be introduced in the short term” – particularly when compared to other measures. (‘Sharklets’ on A320s, for example, give a fuel saving of 3.5%). For this project, called Fello’fly, Airbus will trial this ‘formation’ wake energy capture flight with two A350s operated by airline partners in 2020. If successful, Airbus says this could be rolled out in regular operations as early as the mid-2020s. Flocks away for geese-inspired fuel saving tests in 2020 Making its Dubai Air Show debut with only 38hours on the airframe, was a brand new Boeing KC-46 Pegasus tanker from the USAF’s 22nd Air Refuelling Wing at McConnell AFB. The USAF expects to have at least 19 in service by the end of 2019. Airbus

JANUARY 2020 33 AIR TRANSPORT Thomas Cook repatriation flights

Organising Operation Matterhorn

For two weeks in September and October, the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) became the temporary operator of 150 aircraft in the UK’s largest ever peacetime repatriation of 150,000 passengers stranded overseas following the collapse of Thomas Cook. BILL READ FRAeS reports on Operation Matterhorn. n 23 September the long-established Airlines , Condor Airways in Germany British holiday company Thomas and Thomas Cook Airlines Balearics, all of which are Cook Group ceased trading and went continuing to fly. into liquidation. The cessation of The 178-year old holiday company had been business included the group-owned in financial difficulties for some time and questions Oairline, Thomas Cook Airlines, which operated 34 were being asked concerning its future well before aircraft on scheduled and charter flights to leisure its actual collapse. In July the UK pilots’ union destinations around the world from two main bases BALPA welcomed a proposed investment deal and at Airport and Gatwick Airport, in called upon the Government to support the plan addition to eight other bases in the UK. The group which would protect the jobs of 600 Thomas Cook also operated three other carriers: Thomas Cook pilots. However, the deal came to nothing.

34 AEROSPACE Chris Hoare/Flickr

The collapse Operation Matterhorn The collapse of Thomas Cook left over 150,000 customers stranded abroad, primarily in the The CAA published daily statistics on the Mediterranean, and Mexico. Some of number of flights and passengers carried – the passengers were covered by an as listed below. Organisers’ Licence (ATOL) issued by travel firms Date Flights TOTAL Passengers TOTAL selling air holiday packages designed to protect customers from losing their money or being Day 1 23 Sep 64 64 14,700 14,700 stranded abroad. Other customers had only booked Day 2 24 Sep 78 142 4,270 28,970 flights and were not covered by ATOL. As an ATOL Day 3 25 Sep 72 206 16,892 45,862 holder, the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) had Day 4 26 Sep 69 275 15,259 61,121 an obligation to repatriate Thomas Cook’s ATOL- Day 5 27 Sep 68 343 15,000 76,121 protected package holiday customers. In addition, Day 6 28 Sep 69 412 15,000 93,147 the UK Government requested the CAA to also Day 7 29 Sep 64 476 13,770 106,917 bring back the passengers who were not ATOL Day 8 30 Sep 54 530 8,320 115,237 protected. In the two weeks immediately following the Day 9 1 Oct 35 565 5,700 120,937 Thomas Cook collapse, the CAA operated a Day 10 2 Oct 42 607 6,500 127,437 repatriation programme from 23 September to 6 Day 11 3 Oct 24 631 4,700 132,137 October. To achieve this, the CAA secured around Day 12 4 Oct 26 657 4,587 136,724 150 aircraft from 50 partners around the world Day 13 5 Oct 22 679 3,994 140,718 to bring passengers back to the UK with return Day 14 6 Oct 24 (703?) 4,800 (145,518?) flights. Codenamed Operation Matterhorn, the operation involved the British Government briefly becoming the UK’s fifth largest airline. For two number of destinations returned on alternative weeks, from 23 September to 6 October, the commercial flights, rather than through the CAA CAA operated 746 flights carrying over 140,000 flying programme. Passengers in North American passengers from 55 overseas airports to ten destinations were advised to contact British airports in the UK in what was described as ‘the Airways or Virgin Atlantic to book seats on one of UK’s largest ever peacetime repatriation’. their flights. The aim of the exercise was to bring people The CAA originally planned for approximately home in a controlled and orderly fashion on dates 150,000 people and ultimately returned more than which corresponded as close as possible to 140,000. In its final summing up, the CAA said that their original departure dates with Thomas Cook. it had conducted 746 flights carrying 140,000+ Organising Operation In the event, 94% of holidaymakers returned passengers. arrived home on the day of their original planned departure. Advance planning In the first days of the operation, the CAA predicted that they might need to operate 1,000 The CAA already had experience in operating Matterhorn flights, but this figure was later revised downwards. rescue flights, as Project Matterhorn was not the Towards the end of the programme, the CAA first passenger repatriation project that it had began to combine more Thomas Cook flights into handled. In October 2017, following the collapse single flights which meant that some passengers of , the CAA organised Project did not arrive at the UK airport they had originally Olympia in which around 110,000 passengers booked to return to. were brought home over a space of two weeks, It was not just holiday makers who were also using a fleet of 38 aircraft chartered from a stranded by the bankruptcy. On 26 September the range of operators, including , Qatar CAA announced that it had also returned home Airways, , Freebird Airlines and Wamos over 150 Thomas Cook crew members who were Air. The cost of Project Olympia is believed to have abroad when the company ceased trading. been around £60m As can be seen, the final totals of flights and Planning for Project Matterhorn was in place passengers do not quite tally, as the CAA admitted well in advance. Concerns over the financial that these figures may not be entirely accurate, well-being of the holiday group had already been as the number of passengers reported was based publicised in the media and a reference to Project on Thomas Cook booking data. It was likely that Matterhorn was mentioned in the minutes on a some passengers booked on these flights chose board meeting of the CAA held on 12 December to make alternative arrangements and reduce 2018. the actual number of people who travel on the In anticipation, the CAA had advance contracts repatriation aircraft. Some passengers in a small already in place with a number of operators. With

JANUARY 2020 35 AIR TRANSPORT Thomas Cook repatriation flights Thomas Cook

the plans in place, Operation Matterhorn was A Thomas Cook A321 Aircraft and operators discreetly launched before the bankruptcy was branded in the livery of the officially announced so that the chartered aircraft Cook’s Club hotel brand in The 150 aircraft used in Project Matterhorn were could be in place to operate the Thomas Cook May 2018. sourced from other airlines, as well as from aircraft schedule. However, despite the secrecy, some of charter operators. While the CAA did not disclose the unusual flight movements were noticed on details of the airlines and aircraft lessors which social media. participated in the return flights, other sources says Also before the bankruptcy was announced, that they included , EasyJet, Malaysian the CAA sent a number of staff to Gatwick and Airways, Wamos Air, Avion Express, Envelop, Titan other UK airports around the country to be ready Airways, , HiFly and Miami Air. to advise passengers arriving for cancelled flights. Some of these companies, such as Atlas Air, The Foreign Office assisted with dispatching staff Titan Airways and HiFly specialise in hiring aircraft to assist passengers at overseas airports, who and crew for the scheduled airline market, while were assisted by a number of former Thomas Cook Avion Express was already in the business of employees. During the two weeks the project was leasing its aircraft and crews to Thomas Cook. One in operation, the CAA operated a control centre of the chartered aircraft was a 486-seat to co-ordinate the repatriation run by one of the Airlines which flew a series of flights partner airlines. The CAA also launched a special to Manchester from . EasyJet is website, thomascook.caa.co.uk, where affected reported to have had an A320 on for the customers could find information on repatriation rescue flights while Virgin and BA made transatlantic flights. seats available for the CAA. In addition to organising return flights, the CAA also launched a service for holidaymakers Reusing slots to claim refunds for the ATOL-protected parts of their trip. Following the Thomas Cook bankruptcy, Because Thomas Cook were no longer operating, over 360,000 ATOL booking refund claims are the repatriation flights were able to use the same expected from 800,000 people. airport slots as the cancelled flights. The first Project Matterhorn flight on 23 September was on an aircraft Airbus Project Matterhorn partner chartered from Atlas Air which flew from New York HiFly specialises in hiring J F Kennedy airport carrying 300 passengers to aircraft and crew for the Manchester. The final repatriation flight on 7 October scheduled airline market. was from Orlando in to with 392 passengers on board. The cost of Operation Matterhorn has not been officially disclosed but has been estimated at around £100m. According to the CAA, the cost of repatriating ATOL-protected customers will be met by the Air Travel Trust Fund, which exists for the sole purpose of looking after customers in the event of a tour operator failure. The cost of repatriating the non-ATOL (flight-only) passengers with be met by the UK Government.

36 AEROSPACE Have you renewed your membership for 2020?

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With your support, the Royal Aeronautical Society remains the world’s foremost professional institution dedicated to the entire aerospace and aviation industry. PLANE SPEAKING Dr Wu Weiren CNSA Plane Speaking with: Dr Wu Weiren

On 25 November China’s Chang’e-4 Lunar Landing Mission Team was awarded the Royal Aeronautical Society’s Gold Medal for their achievement in landing a spacecraft on the far side of the Moon in January 2019 – the first time by any nation. AEROSPACE caught up with DR WU WEIREN, Chief Designer, Chang’e Lunar Exploration, China National Space Administration (CNSA) to quiz him about this remarkable achievement. AEROSPACE: Why was the ‘far side’ of the Moon and applications of relay communication spacecraft selected as the mission objective for Chang’e-4? only came true as late as the 1980s. The terrain on Dr Wu Weiren: Firstly, the Moon has the largest, the far side of the Moon is rugged and complex. A deepest, and oldest crater on the far side of the series of critical technologies related to the accurate Moon. The crater is of great importance for the and safe landing on the far side of the Moon need study of the early history and evolution of the Moon to be overcome. So, landing on the far side of the and the solar system. Secondly, since radio signals Moon is highly risky and very difficult. from the Earth are blocked there, the far side of the Moon is the best place to make low-frequency radio AEROSPACE: Before you successfully landed on astronomical observations. Lastly, human-made 3 January 2019, what chance of success did the spacecraft had never reached the far side of the team privately give the mission? moon prior to Chang’e-4. It needed to be explored WW: Space is a high-risk cause, especially for and studied. Chang’e-4, which is such an innovative, technically difficult and highly complex mission. There were AEROSPACE: Why has no-one landed on the far a lot of high-risk operations, such as the launch side of the Moon before? of the orbiter, the lander and the rover, and the WW: Direct communication with the Earth from relay communication spacecraft, the landing on the far side of the Moon is impossible. Concepts the far side of the Moon, the operation of the

38 AEROSPACE relay communication spacecraft on the mission with, among others, a landing camera, a topographic trajectory, as well as the establishment of the relay camera, a low frequency radio spectrometer, a lunar communication links. There are so many elements neutron and radiation dose detector, a Moon night in the mission and risk control is so difficult. We temperature collector and a biological instrument carried out sufficient experiments and verifications for popular science. The rover is equipped with, inter on the ground. Though some foreign experts alia, a panoramic camera, a lunar radar, an infrared CHANG’E-4 IS predicted after analysis that the success rate of the imaging spectrometer and a neutral atom detector. AN IMPORTANT Chang’e-4 mission was at most 50%, we still had a lot of confidence and prepared for success. AEROSPACE: What was the biggest challenge for MISSION OF Chang’e-4s mission? THE LUNAR AEROSPACE: With the lander and Yutu-2 rover of WW: There were two big challenges. The first one EXPLORATION the far side of the Moon – how does mission control was to accomplish safe landing on the far side of PROJECT OF stay in touch with the spacecraft? the Moon, which is rugged and complex, when flight WW: Before the launch of the lander and rover, the track fluctuations can be up to 7km. The second CHINA. FOR relay communication spacecraft, ‘Queqiao’, was sent one was about relay communication between the THE FIRST TIME to the second Lagrangian point of the Earth-Moon far side of the Moon and the Earth. We deployed EXTENSIVE system. Operating on the optimised orbit, the relay humankind’s first relay communication spacecraft on INTERNATIONAL communication spacecraft functions as a bridge for the L2 point. We had to realise scientific and reliable measuring, control and communication between the orbit design and maintenance. Under the extreme CO-OPERATION Earth and the lander and rover on the far side of environment, where temperature is as low as -235°, FORMED AN the Moon. All telecommands are sent to the lander the relay communication spacecraft should work INTEGRAL PART and rover via the spacecraft, while telemetries about safely and accurately. It should point accurately to OF A LUNAR the working status and scientific data of the lander both the far side of the Moon and the Earth. and rover are sent back to the Earth also via the EXPLORATION spacecraft. AEROSPACE: How many people are involved in MISSION OF Chang’e-4’s mission? CHINA AEROSPACE: What scientific instruments, WW: The lunar exploration project of China is experiments and sensors does the lander and rover organised and implemented by the China National carry? Space Administration. The project is composed WW: In all, there are 13 sets of scientific of the top-level mission design segment and five instruments, experiments and sensors, which affiliated engineering systems, namely the Probe, are mainly used for three kinds of scientific the Launch Vehicle, the Launch Site, the TT&C investigation, namely the topography of the landing and the Ground Application systems. Thousands site, space environment of the landing site and of entities and tens of thousands of scientists and subsurface material composition of the area that the engineers, from both home and abroad, have directly rover . For example, the lander is equipped or indirectly participated in the project.

Left: The lander and Yutu-2 rover stay in touch with Earth using this Queqiao

CNSA relay satellite.

JANUARY 2020 39 PLANE SPEAKING Dr Wu Weiren

AEROSPACE: What has been the most exciting scientific discovery of the mission so far? WW: Since Chang’e-4 landed in a crater, where is 6km below the lunar horizontal plane, there have been a lot of exciting scientific discoveries. They include, inter alia, the first real 3D image of the topography around the landing site on the far side of the Moon, the geographic profile obtained for the first time by a radar of the subsurface, which is about 300m below the lunar surface, the radiation results of charged particles and neutral particles, raw data of low-frequency radio radiation of the universe and the real temperature data of the far side of the Moon, which was measured in-situ for the first time. CNSA AEROSPACE: How long is Chang’e-4 expected to remain operational? Above: the Yutu-2 lunar AEROSPACE: Are there Chang’e-6, 7 and 8 rover on the far side of the missions planned? WW: The design lives of the lander and the rover Moon. are six months and three months respectively. Both WW: China will continue to implement the lunar the lander and rover have completed 11 Moon exploration project with the aim to use outer space days of work and now are in their 12th Moon day. peacefully, explore the unknown and benefit The platform and all scientific payloads are in good humankind. In the following decade, the Chang’e-6, condition. We will try our best to manage long-life Chang’e-7 and Chang’e-8 missions, which will in-orbit operations well in order to prolong the mainly focus on the south pole of the Moon, will operational time of both the land and rover as much be implemented. Chang’e-6 is planned to be a as possible and make the rover move as far as lunar sample return mission, which will land on possible. the mMoon’s south pole. Chang’e-7 will conduct comprehensive exploration on the Moon’s south AEROSPACE: Chang’e-5 is planned to perform a pole. Chang’e-8 will focus on polar resources sample return mission – is that still on schedule for exploration and demonstration of some key 2020? technologies for the planned lunar research station. WW: The Chang’e-5 mission will accomplish AEROSPACE: How does the Chang’e-4 mission robotic collection of lunar samples and returning Below: Dr Weiren and them to the Earth. Currently we are making good representatives of the fit in with China’s larger space exploration strategy? preparations for its launch in 2020. The exact Chang’e-4 team receiving WW: Chang’e-4 is an important mission of the launch date will be selected based on the flight the RAeS Team Gold lunar exploration project of China. For the first experiment results of the Long March 5 launch Medal Award on 25 time extensive international co-operation formed November. vehicle. an integral part of a lunar exploration mission of China. Under the principle of “co-consulting, co- constructing and co-sharing”, we wish to welcome our colleagues from the and other European countries to join us and explore various kinds of international cooperation, carry out in- depth cooperation projects, and contribute wisdom and strength to space exploration and scientific discovery of the humankind.

AEROSPACE: When might China land humans on the Moon? WW: China is a developing country. Considering the economic capability of our country, we should fully utilise unmanned or robotic exploration technologies. So we think unmanned lunar exploration is our focus right now while a manned Moon landing will be a milestone. Presently, relevant experts are carrying out related research. International partners, including those from the UK, are welcome to join us to promote the development of a manned Moon landing.

40 AEROSPACE Afterburner www.aerosociety.com

Diary 12 February Derby Branch Geoff Wilde Lecture When Lightning strikes twice Dave Gordon Rolls-Royce Director Defence

A Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II. MoD/Crown Copyright.

42 Message from RAeS 44 Book Reviews 52 Diary – President Top Secret Worcestershire, Energy Efficiency in Air Find out when and where around the world the Transportation, “The Man Who Took the Rap” and latest Society aeronautical and aerospace lectures “I was impressed with the number of important Laker. and events are happening. contributions to our community that were being honoured, particularly by those relatively early in their careers.” 48 Library Additions 54 Wilbur and Orville Wright Books submitted to the National Aerospace Library. Lecture – Chief Executive Virgin Galactic’s Chief Pilot, David Mackay FRAeS, “The Society’s membership has continued to grow 50 NAL Sound Archive delivered the 108th Wilbur & Orville Wright Lecture in 2019, with great support from our members Although the Library’s historic sound recordings at No.4 Hamilton Place on 10 December 2019. through the nomination process resulting in 150 are mainly of lectures to the Society, many years successful applicants. Members and Fellows are have passed since the recordings were originally 56 New Member Spotlight encouraged to nominate colleagues for membership made, the Library would like the formal permission through this streamlined application process and to use the recordings from the descendants of the we look forward to continuing this momentum in the speakers. year ahead.”

JANUARY 2020 41 Message from RAeS OUR PRESIDENT

Prof Jonathan Cooper I would like to wish everyone all the very best for (see p 54). The Council represents the Society the New Year. I hope that 2020 proves to be a year membership through management of the where the aerospace and aviation sectors finally professional, technical and learned Society affairs have a lot more certainty than in recent times and alongside the Board of Trustees and supports the everyone in our community is able to progress direction and leadership required to achieve the key towards their individual and collective goals. objectives of the Strategic Plan. To enable Council Towards the end of 2019 I attended the Dubai to increase and maintaining the influence, respect Air Show on behalf of the Society and met with a and reputation of the Society globally, we need to number of representatives from a range of leading ensure that the broadest range of our membership players in the industry, holding discussions as to is represented. Can I encourage all members to how our Corporate Partners, and potential future consider putting their names forward for these partners, could benefit further from their relationship important roles. Please contact our Governance with the RAeS. As someone who has worked in and Compliance Manager Nigel Dingley (nigel. academia for many years, it is always pleasing [email protected]) for further details. to meet former students who are carving out The annual Medals and Awards ceremony was successful careers in aerospace. It was therefore a highly successful evening and I was very pleased very satisfying to bump into Konstantins Popiks who to be able to present a wide range of recipients was one of my students over ten years ago and with their awards. Congratulations to all. One of is now the CEO of the UAV Factory, an SME with the things that I am learning during my year as over 100 employees, based in Latvia. One of the President is that the range of Society’s activities changes to the aerospace sector in the past decade, across aerospace and aviation is much greater than driven by new technologies including electric- I imagined and the awards evening was no different. powered aircraft, urban air mobility and UAVs, is the I was impressed with the number of important rapidly changing landscape where there are now contributions to our community that were being many start-up companies worldwide, leading to lots honoured, particularly by those relatively early in of opportunities for the workforce not available in their careers. Of note was my presentation of the larger concerns. As part of my trip I also attended first ever Sir Ralph Robins Medal for Excellence the local UAE Branch meeting and had the honour in Engineering Leadership to Ms Itxaso Ariza, with of giving the Sir Maurice Flanagan Named Lecture. Sir Ralph in presence, to whom I was also able to I am very grateful to the UAE Branch Chair, Capt present a replica of the medal. Martin Mahoney, for the support to organise my visit. Our first Gold Medal was awarded to the Wright I represented the Society at a meeting brothers and it is important that the RAeS is able to organised at the Royal Society on the Industrial continue to recognise other valuable contributions Use of Drones, an area where our Unmanned Air to the field so to inspire future generations. Systems Specialist Group (continues to make We can only present the Society medals and a great contribution, including submissions to awards if nominations are made, so if you are Government committees. Although there are many aware of individual and teams who have performed potential benefits there is a range of technical some recent outstanding work that deserves to be THE ANNUAL challenges still to be overcome including flying recognised then please submit a nomination. beyond visual line of sight and the management One of the highlights of the Presidential year is MEDALS AND and regulation of the airspace that unmanned air the conference that they get to organise. This year’s AWARDS systems will operate in. Current initiatives, such as event is to be held on 31 March at Society HQ CEREMONY the current ISCF Future Flight Challenge, are likely considering the timely topic of ‘Digital Technologies WAS A HIGHLY to generate solutions that help to overcome these for the Future Aerospace Industry’ with contributions difficulties. from industry, academia and the catapults. I look SUCCESSFUL It is the time of year where nominations are forward to what promises to be an informative and EVENING sought for the forthcoming Council elections interesting day.

42 AEROSPACE OUR CHIEF EXECUTIVE

Sir Brian Burridge This issue of AEROSPACE rightly focuses on the highlighting the sheer ingenuity involved in the impact of aviation on climate change and the way in design and operation of this novel spacecraft. In which technology is being applied to reduce carbon doing so, he successfully conveyed the emotion emissions. But it is unlikely that the application of unleashed among the Virgin team in breaking novel technology alone will allow us to meet our through the frontiers of space. Of note, both 2050 targets which will contribute to maintaining these inspirational lectures set at the cutting- global temperature-rise below 2ºC. The Society’s edge of technology placed much emphasis on Greener by Design group has been addressing the the human dimension. problem for 20 years and we recognise that de- ● The Society responded to the Government carbonisation is not the only problem: rather, we still consultation on microlight regulation with have a long way to go on NOX contrails and optimal significant input from the General Aviation and matching of aircraft type to sector length. While Rotorcraft groups. We have advocated exercising there is a tendency to demonise aviation over its the opt-out for aircraft of 450-600kg based impact on the atmosphere, there is a great deal of on classifying them as microlights but did not uninformed and inaccurate comment in the media support retrospective application. Also, we did and elsewhere. For all these reasons, we now place support the proposal for manufacturers to opt-in climate change at the top of our external affairs to EASA regulation if they so wish. We also agenda on the basis of providing independent, suggested that, in the medium-term, so as to evidence-based and authoritative input to the ensure appropriate and proportionate regulation, debate. Our recent work on Megatrends has again a Light Sport Aircraft category for fixed-wing reinforced this requirement. aircraft could be created (as in Europe, the US ● The President mentions the Medals and Awards and elsewhere) and a Light Rotorcraft category ceremony in his remarks. It was a splendid for rotary aircraft, in particular for emerging multi- occasion by which to recognise some stellar copters and quadcopters. achievements in our sectors. Of particular note ● The Society’s membership has continued to grow was the award of the Society’s Team Gold in 2019, with great support from our members Medal to the Chang’e-4 Lunar Landing Mission through the nomination process resulting in 150 Team from the China National Space Agency. In successful applicants. Members and Fellows January, the spacecraft was the first ever to land are encouraged to nominate colleagues for on the far side of the Moon, enduring intense membership through this streamlined application radiation and temperature differences on the process and we look forward to continuing this lunar surface of up to 320°C. The award of the momentum in the year ahead. The membership Ralph Robins medal was highlighted again a few team has also conducted over 30 briefings day’s later with the inaugural Sir Ralph Robins and workshops for Corporate Partners and lecture and dinner at Warwick University. The wider industry to encourage their employees lecture was delivered by Sir Ralph Speth, the to seek membership or registration. The 2020 CEO of Jaguar Land Rover. As well as being membership subscription renewals have now WE NOW PLACE a tribute to a great engineer by another great been sent to Society members and I am grateful CLIMATE engineer, the lecture demonstrated yet again the for your continued support and encourage you CHANGE AT convergence now apparent between automotive to consider your future involvement with the and aerospace technology. This will become Society. To that end – and sorry to sound like a THE TOP OF annual event hosted in turn by the Society and scratched record – as the President reminds you OUR EXTERNAL the Royal Academy of Engineering. opposite, nominations for the Council election AFFAIRS AGENDA ● We also held two highly memorable named do not close until the end of January. Please do ON THE BASIS lectures at Hamilton Place. Billie Flynn, the F-35 give some thought to your involvement in your Society at this level where you can really make a OF PROVIDING Lightning II test pilot gave a very thoughtful and highly informative Sopwith lecture focusing, in difference. INDEPENDENT, particular, on what is demanded of the pilots ● In closing, I wish a happy New Year to you all and EVIDENCE- who fly this highly sophisticated aircraft. I left hope to see you at events in the year to come, BASED AND recognising that it is more for ‘Generation Z’ than not least our Corporate Partners as early as 21 old greybeards. Later in the month, the Wilbur January when we have Dame Angela McLean, AUTHORITATIVE and Orville Wright lecture was delivered by Dave the Chief Scientific Adviser at the MoD, briefing INPUT TO THE McKay, the Virgin Galactic Chief Test Pilot. This entitled, Defence Science and Technology: What DEBATE. gave a fascinating insight into the programme, Works?

JANUARY 2020 43 Book Reviews TOP SECRET WORCESTERSHIRE By S Burrows and M Layton

Brewin Books, Studley. 2018. 216pp. Illustrated. £14.95 ISBN 978-1-85858-581-9.

This very readable book could be subtitled ‘Flight test work at Defford and Pershore airfields in support of radar development during and after WW2’. But obviously the publishers wanted a somewhat more eye-catching title! The book can be read by anyone interested in the recent history of Worcestershire and by those who enjoy books on how we won the war. It ought to be in most local bookshops next to such popular volumes as Herefordshire and Worcs Airfields in the Second World War in the Countryside book series. However, the treatment is different, as the book is made more Above: WB492 was the first of three Ashton 3 aircraft and was used by the Radar Research human from anecdotal reminiscences from those Flying Unit, Defford, for radar bombing research. BAE Systems. who were there, or their now grownup children. Also, of course, the thrust of the volume is on radar development and how these flight test airfields supported this work and the ‘boffins’ at Malvern. The book thus balances the technical side with the human and social side. There are some plans and lots of pictures, many supplied by those providing anecdotes to the authors. It is not a ‘heavy’ technical book but presents enough detail about wavelengths, frequency bands and radar properties to achieve near the vulnerable south coast. Thus the move of the understanding of how this helped the war effort. the Telecommunications Research Establishment The competition between Klystron and Magnetron (TRE) to Malvern and its growth to the post-war is a key feature of the early years. Fortunately Royal Research and Development Establishment for winning the war the Magnetron came out as (RRDE) and Royal Signals and Radar Establishment superior but nearly did not because of a horrific (RSRE) and onwards to DRA, DERA then QinetiQ flying accident. are all charted although in less detail as the In fact, the horrors of wartime flying are not more recent work of Malvern is not in the public shied away from and the tragedies are described for domain. The story also covers the work of the the flight test department and the other users of the Telecommunications Flying Unit (TFU), Special airfields, such as the training squadrons that Installation Unit (SIU) and Radar Research Flying had to support the 1,000-bomber raids but did not Unit (RRFU) among others. The Defford flight test all came back. airfield was closed in 1957 and the work transferred The backbone of the book is to take the reader to Pershore. However, the authors cover Pershore’s through the use of radar [RAdio Detection And story from its start and includes its wartime history Ranging] in the development of applications to as a bomber Operational Training Unit (OTU) help win the war. It thus covers and and the Ferry Unit. In fact, the later part of the (navigational and bombing aids), ASV [Air-to- book highlights the development of the Defford Surface-Vessel] (to detect submarines) and other radio telescope as part of the radio astronomy radar systems such as Boozer (counter-measure), interferometry chain in support of Jodrell Bank. Not Monica, Moonshine, Parrot (early IFF [Identification The book is a surprising, as Sir Bernard Lovell spent the war at Friend or Foe]), Mandrel and Rebecca with BABS good read and Defford. [Beam Approach Beacon System] (for instrument may lead many The book is a good read and may lead many approaches) among others. All are described in the to want to know more about the area and its text. Their contributions to the war are all explained to want to know contribution to radar development. This is helped with support of anecdotes of those airmen who more about by copious references and acknowledgements to needed to use them. the area and publications and the museums and heritage groups In the background to this book is the migration its contribution who maintain the sites and memorabilia. to Malvern of the various organisations that developed these radar applications and their need to radar Eur Ing Mike Stanberry for safety during WW2 from their original sites development FRAeS

44 AEROSPACE ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN AIR TRANSPORTATION

By A Benito and G Alonso Solar panels at Narita Airport. be integrated into the market. One of the most Takashi M. interesting points concerns how the introduction of energy efficient aircraft can lead to faster fleet Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, The Boulevard, renewal, owing to the cost of inefficiency, shortening Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. the economic life of older models of aircraft and 2018. vi; 235pp. Illustrated. £111. ISBN 978-0-12- demonstrating the importance of fuel costs in 812581-6. airlines’ business decisions. As well as covering all the essential areas of If you are looking for a great introduction to energy energy reduction regarding aircraft design and efficiency and the aviation industry, then you’ve operations in each stage of flight, there are obvious found it with this book. It starts broad, setting the limitations on how much these can be developed wider scene of energy and transport, before moving in the future. This leaves other areas of reduction into specific elements of air transport system from taking an important role in the overall energy aircraft design to operational procedures, air traffic reduction of the industry, particularly at airports. control and infrastructure. The concluding chapters Here, some of the strategies covered by the authors focus more broadly again on environmental issues may be obvious, such as the installation of solar and efficiency-related regulation and certification. panels, but also covers those that are less well While aviation undoubtedly has a huge benefit known; like the use of geothermal technology to to society and the economy, minimalisation of melt ice and snow on runways, thus reducing the its energy use is vital; not only because of the use of snowploughs, as well as harmful chemical negative environmental impacts it has but also to de-icing. allow for sustainable growth as the resources it Other books on this topic can be overwhelming relies on become scarcer and costlier. This book with pages full of equations, so this book is does not preach a specific solution but gives a refreshing in its brevity while somehow still being comprehensive overview of how far the industry very comprehensive. It may not win any awards for has come and the options available going forward, While aviation writing and a big downside is the high price but, including real world examples of where strategies undoubtedly overall, I would strongly recommend this to both have been deployed. has a huge those who are either looking for a great introduction The more in-depth chapters focus on the energy to the topic, or those with more familiarity looking efficiency measures in most areas, both on the benefit to for a place where all the information is brought ground and in the sky. For example, the chapter society and together in a succinct, well-structured way. on aircraft design gives an overview of efficiency the economy, past, present and future. It doesn’t just look at the minimalisation introduction of technology and new aircraft types, Dr Holly A Edwards such as the A320neo and B737 MAX in isolation, of its energy Environment Specialist but instead gives an insight into how these will use is vital NATS

JANUARY 2020 45 Book Reviews “THE MAN WHO TOOK THE RAP” Sir Robert Brooke-Popham and the Fall of Singapore By P Dye

Naval Institute Press, 291 Wood Road, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA. 2018. xx; 426pp. Illustrated. $44.95. ISBN 978-168247-358-0.

It was high time that someone wrote a biography of Sir Robert Brooke-Popham who played a significant role in the evolution of the Royal Air Force and there can be no better man for the task than Air Vice- Marshal Peter Dye who gave 35 years dedicated service as an engineer officer before spending six years as the Director General of the Royal Air Force Museum. His earlier book The Bridge to Airpower (Naval Institute Press. 2015) – reviewed in AEROSPACE August 2016 – was a definitive account of the development of the logistic and engineering support Officers of the Royal Flying Corps. From left: Lieutenant Geoffrey de Havilland, Captain Dawes, system of the Service during 1914-1918 and Captain Gordon, Lieutenant Wadham, Major Robert Brooke-Popham, Lieutenant Playfair, Lieutenant much of this was down to the remarkable energy Charteris, Major Frederick Sykes, Lieutenant Ashton, Lieutenant L’Estrange Maloney, Commander Sampson, Lieutenant Spender Grey, Lieutenant Barrington Kennett and Lieutenant Fox. and foresight of Brooke-Popham who, for over IWM (RAE-O 790). four years, worked tirelessly in France to create an organisation which endured. When the war ended ‘B-P’ had a series of important appointments: he was the first He had a formidable task. As a joint commander, Commandant of the RAF Staff College and then he had operational control of land and air forces the Air Officer Commanding (AOC) of Fighting but no authority over the colonial administration. Area (which was to become Fighter Command). Surprisingly, the naval forces remained under the Next, he then went to the most important overseas operational control of the Admiralty. B-P’s tasks command as AOC where he oversaw the air were to avoid war with Japan and to improve policing activities and also gained experience of political/military co-ordination across the region. The diplomacy when he stood in as High Commissioner staff of his small HQ never numbered more than a following the death of the incumbent. He returned total of 20 and the forces at his disposal were less to in 1931 to be the Commandant of the than he believed necessary. He was unaware that Imperial Defence College and, two years later, he a War Cabinet report stating that the Far East was became the Commander-in-Chief (CinC) of the Air not a priority for the British Government had been Defence of Great Britain, a post considered to be compromised and passed to the Japanese. second in importance only to that of Chief of the Air Brooke-Popham achieved a great deal during Staff (CAS). the next two years but he faced criticism, much At the end of this tour, retirement beckoned As well as of it unjustified, and he was told that he would be but CAS revived the post of Inspector General setting the replaced. In the six weeks before his successor and selected Brooke-Popham for the role which arrived, Japan invaded Malaya and made rapid involved resolving problems which crossed command record straight, progress. boundaries. He retired in 1937 and accepted the his excellent Peter Dye’s meticulously researched account appointment as the Governor of Kenya. He was book makes of B-P’s life, produced with the full co-operation beginning to improve the situation there and to enjoy a valuable of the family and access to his personal papers, his job when war was declared in September 1939 is comprehensive and very well written. His and he was recalled to the Service. He was sent to contribution conclusions are fair and balanced. As well as setting Canada to oversee the establishment of the to the the record straight, his excellent book makes a training scheme and then to on a similar documentation valuable contribution to the documentation of the mission before returning to England in June 1940 to of the history history of the Royal Air Force. find that he was CAS’s unofficial troubleshooter. Four months later, at the age of 62, he was appointed as of the Royal Air Sir Roger Austin the CinC Far East, his final post. Force KCB AFC

46 AEROSPACE LAKER The Glory Years of Sir By A Grzesik and G Dix

Recursive Publishing Ltd (www.RecursivePublishing. com). 2019. Distributed by The Myrtle Press, Billing Wharf, Station Road, Cogenhoe, Northamptonshire NN7 1NH, UK. xvii; 637pp. Illustrated. £20. ISBN 978-0-9956486-0-9.

Sir Freddie Laker was a big man, a major player in Britain’s post-war aviation. Of his many achievements perhaps the most striking was his launch of the Skytrain route in 1976 from London Gatwick to New York which, through its simple, no-booking formula and affordable ticket prices hoovered up the existing and not inconsiderable charter traffic between Britain and the . He also built a unique design of vehicle-ferry, the Carvair. He was instrumental in launching the BAC One-Eleven and helped the British Labour government out of a hole by ordering the ; this after he had won a bruising contest with the same Above: Sir Freddie Laker and fellow, but he was never a QC [pp 131, 143]. The government over the introduction of Skytrain. Skytrain model kit. RAeS (NAL). Queen did not return from Kenya on her accession The book covers his early years in its first 130 in a that was later to join the Laker pages. Skytrain’s conception through to initial Airways fleet [p 113]. Capacity restrictions on the execution comprises the next 180 pages. The first Skytrain licence were limited to 189 seats remaining 250 pages are devoted to the last two during the winter season only [p 165]. Curiously, in a years of ’ existence, ending somewhat whole chapter dedicated to the first Laker Skytrain abruptly on the day that the Receiver was appointed flight GK10 to New York on 26 September 1977, on 5 February 1982. One of the authors, Gregory no mention is made of the touching moment when Dix, worked for Laker as his North American Laker greeted the first Skytrain passenger by name operations manager and much of the last section is and sold her her ticket, using the elaborate NCR a blow-by-blow account of Dix’s activities as Laker cash register he had had installed. tried to advance his Skytrain concept to Australia, Aspects of the later chapters are interesting, Hong Kong and the Pacific basin. especially those that reflect Dix’s experience in The authors’ credentials are impeccable and I America relating to Douglas DC-10 operations, was struck by a sentence in the Introduction: “Be performance and passenger acceptance. He spills assured that painstaking fact checking and research the beans on Laker’s collusion in North Atlantic of the subject has been carried out.” Doubtless that fares fixing and there are some fairly lurid accounts was the intention but without a bibliography and of Laker’s personal life. Much of the writing is text notes it is hard for the reader to judge where repetitious; there is constant reference to Laker’s fact and fiction part company, the more so as the state of mind but, to the authors’ credit, they are book is written with much direct speech and insight as open in their criticism of his actions, as they are into thought processes and not just Sir Freddie’s. Of his many admiring of his undoubted qualities. The first section of the book is especially irritating, achievements The book includes ten appendices covering relying heavily not only on the biography Fly Me, I’m perhaps the timelines of activities, passenger and performance Freddie (Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 1980) by Roger most striking statistics, and fleet details. At just under 600 pages, Eglin and Berry Ritchie (Eglin does at least get the book is a hefty tome that could have done with mentioned in the text) but also Air Ferry (Tourism was his launch some serious developmental editing. It does not tell International. 1995) an illuminating account of civil of the Skytrain the full story by any means but recounts in some aviation in the 1950s by Douglas Whybrow which route in 1976 detail the last two years of Laker Airways’ existence, goes unacknowledged, even though Whybrow was from London some of which has to be taken on trust. an early Laker employee. Then there are the mistakes. To cite but three: Gatwick to New Guy Halford-MacLeod His Honour Harvey Crush FRAeS was a splendid York FRAeS

JANUARY 2020 47 Library Additions BOOKS

AEROMODELLING OX4 IJE, UK. 2019. 304pp. Road, Oxford OX4 IJE, UK. PROPULSION Illustrated. £40. ISBN 978-1- 144pp. Illustrated. £20.50. R.E.P. type F: in Royal 61200-779-3. ISBN 978-83-66148-47-5. Summerfield: the History Serbian Air Force. D Z Saler Over 400 photographs Numerous colour of the Rocket Research and A M Ognjevic. KAGERO and colour reproductions photographs and markings Establishment. H Nicolson. Publishing, Poland. 2019. illustrate this dual-biography diagrams illustrate this detailed The British Interplanetary Distributed by Casemate, of two leading aviation artists/ history of the 51 single-seat Society, 27-29 South Lambeth 106-108 Cowley Road, Oxford illustrators – Clayton Joseph and ten two-seat Mirage Road, London SW8 1SZ, UK OX4 IJE, UK. 72pp. Illustrated. Knight (1891-1969) and 5 aircraft developed and (www.bis-space.com). 2014. xi; £16.99. ISBN 978-83-66148- William John Heaslip (1898- manufactured by Israel Aircraft 143pp. Illustrated. ISBN 978- 53-6. 1970) – who, following their Industries (IAI), most of which 0-9567382-6-4. Produced for experiences serving in WW1, were sold to the Argentine Air A detailed history of the aeromodellers, numerous used their artistic skills to Force and were subsequently ICI research establishment contemporary photographs capture through illustrations operated during the 1982 near Kidderminster in and detailed computer CFD for books, magazine covers . Worcestershire (which simulations of the aircraft’s (including for Popular Aviation subsequently evolved structure, fuselage and Gnome and Aeronautics and The Polikarpov I-15, I-16 and into BAE Systems Royal Lambda engine illustrate this Saturday Evening Post) and I-153 Aces. M. Maslov. Osprey Ordnance Rocket Motors history of the evolution of the aircraft advertising/trading From Kites to Cold War: Publishing Limited, Botley. before becoming Roxel in aircraft designs of Robert cards a ‘golden age’ of aviation the Evolution of Manned 2010. 96pp. Illustrated. ISBN February 2003 following Esnault-Pelterie (1881-1957) during the 1920s and 1930s Airborne Reconnaissance. 978-1-84603-981-2. the merger with the French and their eventual military through to the outbreak T. Morton. Naval Institute Press, Including 38 colour Celerg company) which deployment from the outbreak of WW2, so shaping the 291 Wood Road, Annapolis, aircraft markings diagrams, a following its foundation in of the First Balkan War in airmindedness of the American MD 21402, USA. 2019.xvii; history of the evolution of the 1951 and its development October 1912 onwards. public. Includes an Introduction 305pp. Illustrated. $49.95. fighter aircraft designed by of the Bulldog/Bullpup by Dominic A Pisano. ISBN 978-1-68247-465-5. Nikolay Polikarpov and how rocket engines was to play Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien. S K they were used in the late a major role in the evolution Mokwa. KAGERO Publishing, GUIDED FLIGHT The Wright Flyers 1899- 1930s in air operations in the of propulsion systems for Poland. 2019. Distributed by 1916: the kites, gliders, Spanish Civil War, China and and weapon systems Casemate, 106-108 Cowley and aircraft that launched Mongolia and their subsequent (including [Foxhound, Road, Oxford OX4 IJE, UK. the “Air Age”. R P Hallion. involvement in WW2 over Deerhound, Retriever], / 19pp. Illustrated. £16.99. ISBN Osprey Publishing, Kemp Finland and ultimately their Tigercat [Sealyham], Sea 978-83-66148-53-6. House, Chawley Park, Cumnor key role in the defence of Dart, [Cadiz], Sea Produced for Hill, Oxford OX2 9PH, UK. the against the Skua, Vigilant, , aeromodellers, a compilation 2019. 80pp. Illustrated. German invasion. MILAN, DWINA, of various colour markings £13.99. ISBN978-14728- [Wolfhound], [Troy], diagrams, three-view 1/72 3777-6. Bofurs RBS 70, , arrangement diagrams Illustrated throughout , , Taildog, and 1/32 scale plan of the with numerous contemporary Hawkswing and Thunderbolt). Japanese fighter aircraft and photographs and other Solid propellant rocket its variants – the prototype of diagrams, a detailed history motor ignition, nitroglycerine which first flew in December – concluding with a useful manufacture and supply and 1941 – which was later used in bibliography for further the production of cast double ‘kamikaze’ units towards the end reading – of the evolution of base grains and charges are of WW2 [English-Polish text]. the aeronautical designs of also discussed. Wilbur and Orville Wright from AIR TRANSPORT their original kites and gliders ROTORCRAFT Skybolt: at Arm’s Length. leading to the iconic 1903 Airliner Models: Marketing N Hill. Fonthill Media Limited, Flyer through to the Wright Autogiro Pioneer: the Air Travel and Tracing Millview House, Toadsmoor III/Wright A and eventually Life of Jack Richardson. Airliner Evolution Through Road, Stroud GL5 2TB, UK. to the 1916 Wright Model L. N Richardson. Fonthill Media Vintage Miniatures. A J 2019. 288pp. Illustrated. £25. Includes concise history of the Limited, Millview House, Lawler. The Crowood Press, ISBN 978-1-78155-704-4. 1911 Carl Rodgers ‘Vin Fiz’ Toadsmoor Road, Stroud Ramsbury, Marlborough, flight across America in the GL5 2TB, UK. 2019. 208pp. Wiltshire SN8 2HR, UK. 2019. HISTORICAL Wright EX. High Hulls: Flying Boats of Illustrated. £25. ISBN978-1- 336pp. Illustrated. £50. ISBN the 1930s and 1940s. C R 78155-742-6. 978-1-78500-633-3. Mikoyan MiG-23 & MiG-27: Me 262 vs P-51 Mustang: G Bain. Fonthill Media Limited, Based on handwritten Versatile ‘swing-wing’ Europe 1944-45. R Forsyth. Millview House, Toadsmoor manuscripts and oral AIRWORTHINESS AND family. Y Gordon and D Osprey Publishing, Kemp Road, Stroud GL5 2TB, UK. recordings, the posthumous MAINTENANCE Komissarov. Crécy Publishing, House, Chawley Park, Cumnor 2018. 335pp. Illustrated. £40. informal memoirs of the 1a Ringway Trading Estate, Hill, Oxford, OX2 9PH. 2019. ISBN978-1-78155-691-7. first person – flying for the Aircraft Sustainment and Shawdowmoss Road, 80pp. Illustrated. £13.99. Cierva company – to gain Repair. Edited by R Jones Manchester M22 5LH, UK. ISBN978-14728-2955-9. MANAGEMENT a commercial pilot’s licence et al. Elsevier Butterworth- 2019. 560pp. Illustrated. A comparative history as an autogiro pilot, who Heinemann, The Boulevard, £44.95. ISBN 978-1-91080- of two leading fighter Systems Engineering subsequently in April 1944 Langford Lane, Kidlington, 931-0. aircraft of World War 2 – the for Aerospace. R Sheng. became the first fully trained Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. 2018. Over 1,000 colour Messerschmitt Me262A Academic Press, 125 London helicopter pilot in the British xiv; 956pp. Illustrated. £200. photographs and other and North American P-51D Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, UK. Army after learning on the ISBN 978-0-08-100540-8. diagrams illustrate this very Mustang – from their design 2019. xxi; 221pp. £115. ISBN Sikorsky YR4 in America. detailed history of the design evolution, armament (including 978-012-816458-7. Leaving the Army in 1954 AVIATION ART evolution, air operations and sectional diagrams of their he joined , numerous variants of the wing guns, cannon and MATERIALS where he played a key role Champions of Flight: variable geometry fighter, of cockpits) and how the aircraft in the development of the Clayton Knight and which nearly 1,500 aircraft were deployed. Nanomaterials in Rocket , and also William Heaslip – Artists (close to 25% of the total Propulsion Systems. Edited acted as Chairman of the who Chronicled Aviation production) were exported to Mirage III IAI Nesher/ by Q-L Yan et al. Academic Helicopter Association of from the Great War to the Soviet Union’s Warsaw Dagger. S M Huertas. Press, 125 London Wall, Great Britain during the years Victory in WWII. S Fiegel Pact allies and selected KAGERO Publishing, London EC2Y 5AS, UK. 2019. up to its amalgamation with and T Hamady. Casemate, nations in the Middle East, Poland. 2019. Distributed by xxi; 569pp. £138. ISBN 978- the Royal Aeronautical Society 106-108 Cowley Road, Oxford Africa and Asia. Casemate, 106-108 Cowley 012-813908-0. in 1960.

48 AEROSPACE SAFETY of the ‘Red Baron’ Manfred of Aeroflot: Civil Aviation in the An informative historical Publishing Limited, Botley. von Richthofen (then under Soviet Union, 1920-91’ (David overview of the air operations 2006. 96pp. Illustrated. ISBN Air Crashes and Miracle the command of Oswald R Jones) are the specific of the American Army Air 1-84176-845-6. : 85 Cases – How Boelcke) when he, along with subjects discussed. Force (AAF) across Europe, Illustrated throughout with and Why – Second edition. his observer Lieutenant Tom North Africa and the Asia/ contemporary photographs and C Bartlett. OpenHatch Books Rees, was shot down over the Bennett and the Pacific theatres of operation 36 aircraft colour markings (https://chrisbart.com/). 2018. Western Front in France while Pathfinders. J Maynard. Arms during WW2. diagrams of the Messerschmitt x; 414pp. £11.97. ISBN 978- flying a FE2b fighter aircraft and Armour Press, London. Bf109 and its variants, the 0-9560723-6-8. of RFC No 11 Squadron. 1996. 249pp. Illustrated. ISBN Red Phoenix: the Rise of history of the 820-day defence Includes Foreword by Trevor 1-85409-258-8. Soviet Air Power 1941- of the German Reich against SERVICE AVIATION Henshaw. A history of the key 1945. V Hardesty. Smithsonian Allied air attacks from January role undertaken by the Institution Press, Washington, 1943 until April 1945 is Chastise: the Dambusters Topgun Days: Dogfighting, RAF Bomber Command’s DC. c.1991. 290pp. Illustrated. related through a compilation Story 1943. M Hastings. Cheating Death, and Pathfinder Force – under the ISBN 1-56098-071-0. of concise biographies of William Collins, HarperCollins Hollywood Glory as One command of A history of the major some of the leading Luftwaffe Publishers, 1 London Bridge of America’s Best Fighter (later Air Vice-Marshal) Donald role which the Soviet air force pilots involved. Street, London SE1 9GF, UK. Jocks. D Baranek. Skyhorse C T Bennett – in skymarking/ played during WW2 and how 2019. xxviii; 388pp. Illustrated. Publishing, New York (https:// ground marking potential it overcame initial setbacks to Yakovlev Aces of World £25. ISBN 978-0-00- www.skyhorsepublishing. bombing targets during WW2. ultimately defeat the German War 2. G. Mellinger. Osprey 828052-9. com/). 2010. xi; 340pp. Includes Foreword by Group Luftwaffe, the air battles Publishing Limited, Botley. Illustrated. ISBN 978-1- Captain Hamish Mahaddie. over , Stalingrad and 2005. 96pp. Illustrated. ISBN 61608-005-1. Kursk among those discussed. 1-84176-845-6. The recollections of Includes Foreword by Vasily Illustrated throughout with a former US Navy Fighter Reshetnikov. contemporary photographs and Weapons School flight 40 aircraft colour markings instructor, including his Strategy for Defeat: the diagrams, a compilation of involvement in the making of Luftwaffe 1933-1945. concise biographies of notable the film Top Gun, are related in W Murray. Air University Press, Soviet fighter pilots of WW2. these informal memoirs. Maxwell Air Force Base, AL. 1983. xx; 365pp. Illustrated. Luftwaffe Hitler’s Eagles: the An analysis of the Schlachtgruppen. J Weal. Luftwaffe 1933-45. C Luftwaffe’s air operations Osprey Publishing Limited, McNab. Osprey Publishing, during WW2 and the factors Botley. 2003. 128pp. Botley. 2012. 400pp. that led to its ultimate defeat, Illustrated. ISBN 1-84176- Illustrated. ISBN 978-1- including detailed statistical 608-9. 78096-283-2. comparisons of the rates of Illustrated throughout with Illustrated throughout German, British and American contemporary photographs with numerous contemporary aircraft production/aircraft and colour aircraft/unit Typhoon to Typhoon: RAF photographs and colour losses throughout the war. heraldry markings diagrams, Air Support Projects and aircraft markings/uniform a detailed history of the Weapons since 1945. C diagrams, a history of the Before Topgun Days: the The Rise and Fall of the evolution of the Luftwaffe’s Gibson. Hikoki Publications, organisation, aircraft and air Making of a Jet Fighter German Air Force (1933 to ground attack units and in 1a Ringway Trading Estate, operations of the Lufwaffe Instructor. D Baranek. 1945). Edited by W H Tantum particular their operations Shawdowmoss Road, during WW2. Skyhorse Publishing, and E J Hoffschmidt. WE Inc, during WW2 from the initial Manchester M22 5LH, UK. New York (https://www. Old Greenwich, CT. 1969. xix; 1939-1940 Blitzkrieg assault 2019. 240pp. Illustrated. Russian Aviation and Air skyhorsepublishing.com/). 423pp. Illustrated. and the campaigns over the £29.95. ISBN 978-1-90210- Power in the Twentieth 2016. xi; 222pp. Illustrated. Originally published Soviet Union and North Africa 959-6. Century. Edited by R Higham $22.99. ISBN 978-1-63450- in 1948 by the Air Ministry through to the Luftwaffe’s et al. Frank Cass Publishers, 655-7. (Pamphlet No 248 ultimate demise. Strategic Air Command in London. 1998. xiv; 336pp. The author vividly recalls ‘Restricted’), a reprint of this the UK: SAC Operations Illustrated. ISBN 0-7146- his years at Penascola and San very detailed official history STRUCTURES AND 1946-1992. R S Hopkins. 4380-7. Diego learning to become a US of the German air operations MATERIALS Hikoki Publications, 1a ‘Early Flight in Russia’ naval fighter pilot, including his during WW2 and the effect of Ringway Trading Estate, (Von Hardesty), ‘From Chaos experiences as radar intercept the Allied bombing offensive. Mechanics of Fatigue. Shawdowmoss Road, to the Eve of the Great operator in the backseat of Includes Foreword by Air Vice- V V Bolotin. CRC Press, Taylor Manchester M22 5LH, UK. Patriotic War, 1922-41’ Grumman F-14 Tomcat. Marshal Sir T W Elmhirst and & Francis Group, 6000 Broken 2019. 224pp. Illustrated. (Reina Pennington),‘Soviet concludes with an extract from Sound Parkway NW, Suite £29.95. ISBN 978-1-90210- Frontal Aviation during the Nightfighter: the Battle the memoirs of the Chief of 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487- 956-5. Great Patriotic War, 1941-45’ for the Night Skies. K the German Air Staff General 2742, USA. 2019. Distributed (John T Greenwood), ‘Aviation Delve. Arms and Armour Koller. by Taylor & Francis Group, Lionel Morris and the and the Transformation of Press, London. 1995. 304pp. 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Red Baron: Air War on Combined-Arms Warfare, Illustrated. ISBN 1-85409- Junkers Ju 87 Abingdon OX14 4RN, UK. the Somme. J Bush. Air 1941-45’ (Tom Alison and Von 254-5. Stukageschwader of the xii; 463pp. Illustrated. £54.99. World, Pen & Sword History, Hardesty),‘Russian and Soviet A history of the evolution Russian Front. J Weal. [20% discount available to 47 Church Street, Barnsley, S Naval Aviation, 1908-96’ through to the jet age of Osprey Publishing Limited, RAeS members via www. Yorkshire S70 2AS, UK. 2019. (Christopher C Lovett), ‘The the capability of aircraft to Botley. 2008. 96pp. Illustrated. crcpress.com using AKQ07 xiii; 255pp. Illustrated. £25. Aviation Industry, 1917-97’ undertake combat missions at ISBN 978-1-84603-308-7. promotion code]. ISBN 978-0- ISBN 978-152674-222-3. (John T Greenwood), ‘The night, with particular emphasis A detailed history of the 367-39963-4. Based on the subject’s Designers: Their Design on the Allied and German air air operations of the Ju 87 Originally published in diary (in the care of the Royal Bureaux and Aircraft’ (John T operations during WW2. dive bomber over the Soviet 1999 and now re-issued in a Air Force Museum at Hendon) Greenwood), ‘The Defense of Union during WW2, illustrated new edition, a detailed analysis and other contemporary Russian Aerospace’ (Dennis J Winged Victory: the Army throughout with contemporary of the mechanics of fatigue records, a biography of Marshall-Hasdell), ‘Air Combat Air Forces in World War photographs and 32 colour crack growth in linear elastic/ Lieutenant Bertram Frank on the Periphery: The Soviet II. G Perret. Random House, aircraft markings diagrams. elasto-plastic bodies and Morris who on 17 September Air Force in Action during the New York. 1993. xxii; 566pp. composite structures. 1916 – when aged just Cold War, 1945-89’ (Mark A Illustrated. ISBN 0-679- Bf 109 Defence of the 19 – became the first victim O’Neill) and ‘The Rise and Fall 40464-3. Reich Aces. J Weal. Osprey

For further information contact the National Aerospace Library. T +44 (0)1252 701038 or 701060 E [email protected]

JANUARY 2020 49 Society News NATIONAL AEROSPACE LIBRARY

Sound Archive

Above: Take-off from Newfoundland of Alcock and Brown’s Vickers Vimy for the first direct Atlantic flight, 14 June 1919. RAeS (NAL).

The National Aerospace Library is developing an Captain H W C ‘Jimmy’ Alger aeronautical sound archive based on historical Captain George U ‘Scotty’ Allan sound recordings held in the Library’s archives Charles Ferdinand Andrews (Died 16 December which have been recently digitalised and are being 1985) released in batches via the Royal Aeronautical Lionel Hector Tracey Ashburner Society’s SoundCloud site: THE INTENTION Cyril Arthur Nepean Bishop www.aerosociety.com/podcast OF THIS Phillip William Lilian Broke-Smith (Born 27 August Although the Library’s historic sound recordings PROJECT IS 1882 - Died November 1963) are mainly of lectures to the Royal Aeronautical John McIntosh Bruce (Born 24 February 1923) Society or of interviews arranged by the Society TO CREATE A Captain John W Burgess and many years have passed since the recordings HISTORICALLY Hugh Burroughes (Born 22 December 1883 - Died were originally made, the Library has been advised SIGNIFICANT 3 October 1985) that we should ideally seek the formal permission ORAL HISTORY Captain Rhinhold Ferdinand Caspareuthus to use the recordings from the descendants of the Thomas Reginald Cave-Browne-Cave (Born 11 speakers. ARCHIVE January 1885 - Died 26 November 1969) An appeal to trace such descendants was WHICH MAKES Alan Newell Clifton (Born 25 October 1901) originally published in AEROSPACE July 2018. THE VOICES W A Cox However, the National Aerospace Library has still Sqn Ldr John Crampton (Born 21 August 1921 - yet to trace any living descendants of the following OF THE PAST Died 12 June 2010) individuals which the Library holds historic sound (PILOTS, Captain L A Egglesfield recordings of. ENGINEERS, Geoffrey Bertram Robert Feilden (Born 20 February To assist in the undertaking further details to the SCIENTISTS 1917 - Died 1 May 2004) list which was originally published in AEROSPACE Gp Capt R L Flower July 2018 (full name, details of date of birth etc) ETC) ‘ALIVE’ Sir George (William Hoggan) Gardner (Born 4 May where recorded have been added: ONCE MORE 1903 - Died 1975)

50 AEROSPACE Dr Henry Herbert Gardner (Born 14 February 1907) Captain W L Garner Col John Herschel Glenn Jr (18 July 1921 - 8 December 2016) John Grierson (Born 2 January 1909 - Died 21 May 1977) Sir Arnold (Alexander) Hall (Born 23 April 1915 - Died 9 January 2000) Nicholas John Hoff (Born 3 January 1906) Leslie K Hunt Sidney Benjamin Jackson (Born 25 June 1919 - Died 1989) Theodore von Kármán (Born 11 May 1881 - 6 May 1963) Charles Victor Lane (Died 29 July 1984) Captain P F Le Couteur Flt Lt R E Leach Wing Commander Norman Macmillan (Born 9 August 1892 - Died 1976) Gp Capt Thomas Gilbert ‘Hamish’ Mahaddie (19 March 1911 - 16 January 1997) Reginald Joseph Mitchell (20 May 1895 - 11 June 1937) Captain Roger Pierre Mollard Lieutenant Commander A D S Murray Col Mervyn Joseph Pius O’Gorman (19 December 1871 - 16 March 1958) Kenneth Owen (Born 22 April 1926 - Died 2016) Captain Robert Clive Parker (Born 9 June 1910) Above: Sir George Gardner, far away as Australia, New Zealand and the United Cyril Peckham (Died January 1984) RAeS President 1965-1966, States. cuts the Society’s centenary Dick Reid Any assistance which anyone (who may Major Oliver Stewart (1895-1971) birthday cake with the ceremonial sword belonging have access to Ancestry and other genealogical Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor (Born 7 March 1886 - to Brigadier General Sir websites) can provide with this enquiry to try and Died 27 June 1975) Osborne Mance, the Society’s trace any surviving family descendants/relations Professor Stephen Timoshenko or Stepan longest standing member, at of those whom the National Aerospace Library Prokofyevich Timoshenko (Born 23 December the Centenary Conversazione held at the Science Museum holds historic recordings of to obtain permission to 1878 - Died 29 May 1972) on 12 January 1966. digitally release these historic recordings held in our Walter James ‘Wally’ Tuck Left: John H Glenn climbs out archives would be much appreciated. Gordon T Wansborough-White (Born 9 December of his Mercury space capsule, If anyone is aware of any surviving 1918) Friendship 7, after his daily descendants/relations of any of the individuals checkout, 13 February 1962. Major Robert Michael White (Born 6 July 1924 - listed above or may be able to assist the Library with Died 17 March 2010) Below: Sketch of Mervyn Joseph Pius O’Gorman in this project could they please contact: Brian Riddle, Stephen Christopher Winfield Smith 1930 by Edward le Bas Chief Librarian, National Aerospace Library (T +44 (1904-1966). (0)1252 701060; E [email protected]). Another person that the National Aerospace All RAeS (NAL). The intention of this project is to create a Library would love to contact any descendants historically significant oral history archive which of is David M V Jones who was Head of TV makes the voices of the past (pilots, engineers, Activities at the BBC who died in November 1978 scientists etc) ‘alive’ once more to inspire and inform – unfortunately the Library holds no further details current and future generations and the National about him. The Library holds a series of recordings Aerospace Library Sound Archive has attracted a of interviews David Jones conducted with early number of favourable comments/interest via social Imperial Airways/ pilots which were made media from around the world. during 1975-1976. Please feel welcome to forward this listing In the Library’s experience over the past two of people that the National Aerospace Library is years of trying to trace descendants of those of seeking to trace any descendants of to anyone whom we hold recordings it has evolved into a who may be interested in assisting the National global project with descendants being located as Aerospace Library in this way.

JANUARY 2020 51 Diary

EVENTS www.aerosociety/events LECTURES www.aerosociety/events

7 January The RAF aerobatic team, the Red Arrows fly in a mixed formation flypast with the USAF UK Laser Directed Energy Weapon Research Thunderbirds, F-22 Raptors and F-35s along the New York skyline. Stephen Blee will Ben Maddison, Energy Weapons Team Leader, Dstl describe the Hawk at 40 at Cosford on 16 January. UK MoD Crown copyright 2019.

Lecture ESA/ATG medialab ESA/ATG 27 January Britain in Space: From high growth sector to space power – a journey for the 2020s Dr Graham Turnock, Chief Executive, UK Space Agency Lecture

BEDFORD Hull. Ben Groves, T +44 University of Chester, Parkgate 12 February ARA Sports and Social Club, (0)1482 663938. Road, Chester. 7.30pm. Keith AeroChallenge 2020 Aircraft Research Association, 8 January — A lighter view of Housely, T +44 (0)151 348 Young Persons’ Event Manton Lane, . 7pm. the Light Blue – Shackleton 4480. 8 January — Electrifying years. Kenneth Moore, RAF 8 January — The preservation 17-18 March aviation – Project Fresson. Ret’d. of Britannia Charlie Fox at The Aircraft Commander in the 21st Century: Managing the Alex Edward, Cranfield 12 February — Flexible Speke. Alan Pennington flight deck in an ever-changing environment Aerospace, Engineering payload bay design (or and Robert Carroll, Britannia Flight Operations Group Conference Project Lead. making a lot of noise for Aircraft Preservation Trust. 12 February — Systems future weapons bays). Phil 12 February — 24-25 March engineering for the Mars Astley-Jones, Technical Nanosatellites: Enabling RAeS Urban Air Mobility Conference 2020 Sample Return Mission. Myles Manager, Structures R&T, technologies for novel mission Conference Johnson, Lockheed Martin BAE Systems. architectures. Dr Kate Smith, UK, Systems Engineering 4 March — Delivering the Lecturer in Aerospace 30 March Graduate. RAF 100 flypast. Wg Cdr Kevin Engineering, University of All the World’s Aircraft – The Legacy of Fred Jane 11 March — Sir John Gatland, RAF 100 Flypast Manchester. Joint lecture with Paul Jackson, former editor of Jane’s All the World’s Aircraft Charnley Lecture. The future’s Project Officer. IMechE. Lecture bright the future’s autonomous. Dr Alvin Wilby, Vice President CAMBRIDGE COVENTRY 31 March for Research, Technical & Lecture Theatre ‘O’, Cambridge Lecture Theatre ECG26, Digital Technologies to Enable the Future Aerospace Industry Innovation, of Thales UK. University Engineering Dept. Engineering & Computing President’s Conference 6pm. Jin-Hyun Yu, T +44 Building, Coventry University, BIRMINGHAM, (0)1223 373129. Coventry. 7.30pm. Janet Owen 21 May WOLVERHAMPTON AND 6 February — 20th Sir Arthur T +44 (0)2476464079. RAeS AGM and Annual Banquet COSFORD Marshall Lecture. Aeromedical 22 January — The return National Cold War Museum, experience in – of the DH88 Comet. Roger 9-10 June RAF Museum Cosford, Shifnal. Leaving Camp Bastion. Air Bailey, Chief Test Pilot, The The Past, Present and Future of Flight Simulation – Technology, 7pm. Chris Hughes, T +44 Cdre Maria Byford. Wolfson Shuttleworth Collection. Training and Regulatory Challenges (0)1902 844523. Hall, Churchill College, Storey’s 20 February — Flight Simulation Group Conference 16 January — Hawk at Way, Cambridge. 6pm. Lecture. Brandon Hall Hotel, 40+. Stephen Blee, Chief 5 March — Global Brandon, Coventry. 7pm. 16 June Airworthiness Engineer, Brough. megatrends and the future of 18 March — A new Sopwith Lecture 20 February — For your aviation. Sir Brian Burridge, light aircraft – the Swift. Dirk Hoke, CEO, Airbus Defence & Space freedom and ours – the Polish CEO, RAeS. Mike Mclean, Business Named Lecture Air Force in the West. Richard Development Manager, Swift Kornicki. CARDIFF Aviation, Norfolk. 18 June University of South Wales, Aerospace Golf Day 2020 BOSCOMBE DOWN Treforest Campus, Pontypridd. CRANWELL Frilford Heath Golf Club Lecture Theatre, MoD 7pm. Daedalus Officers’ Mess, RAF Boscombe Down, Salisbury. 15 January — Atmospheric Cranwell. 7.30pm. Please 16 September 5.15pm. Visitors please register research flying in the UK. Dr allow enough time to visit the Some Turning Point British Aircraft at least four days in advance Guy Gratton. Guardroom for your pass. Dr Ronald Smith FRAeS (name and car registration 26 February — C-17 global 3 February — Whittle Historical Group Lecture required) E secretary@ operations. Flt Lt Andy Lecture. UAV training: military BoscombeDownRAeS.org McDowell, RAF. Cardiff & Vale vs civilian. Sion Roberts. Joint 4 February — Affinity – College, ICAT, . lecture with IET and IMechE. supporting UK MFTS. Ian 18 March — Past, present, 2 March — Anderson Lecture. Chalmers, Managing Director. and future of aeronautical Air-to-air refuelling. Bob 3 March — Joe Morral Award. radio navigation and comms. Tuxford AFC. Noon. Chris Binns. All lectures start at 18.00 unless otherwise stated. DERBY Conference proceedings are available at BROUGH CHESTER Nightingale Hall, Moor Lane, www.aerosociety.com/news/proceedings Cottingham Parks Golf Club, Room 017, University of Derby. 5.30pm. Chris Sheaf, Woodhill Way, Cottingham, Chester, Beswick Building, T +44 (0)1332 269368.

52 AEROSPACE STEVENAGE 15 January — Ice crystal The first and third -121s, N708PA and N709PA. The Boeing 707 will MBDA SG1 2DA. 6pm. icing and its impact on engine be discussed by Charles Kennedy at Southend on 14 January. RAeS (NAL). E [email protected] certification. Martin Maltby, 21 January — Tales from a former Chief Powerplant pilot’s unofficial notebook – the Engineer, BAe Regional art of bush flying – a pilot’s life Aircraft; and Geoff Jones, in the bush. Capt Bryan Pill. Engine Environmental 3 March — Guided weapons Protection Technologist, at Stevenage. Tony Caesari. Rolls-Royce. 31 March — Space 12 February — Geoff Wilde psychology. Richard Sherry. Lecture. When Lightning strikes twice (F-35 Lightning SWINDON II). Dave Gordon, RR Director The Montgomery Theatre, Defence. Rolls-Royce Learning The Defence Academy of the and Career Development United Kingdom, Faringdon Rd, Centre, Derby. Shrivenham, Swindon. 7.30pm. 11 March — Europe’s place 8 January — H-bombs in space – the role of the and hula girls. Wg Cdr Paul European Space Agency. David Shepherd Ret’d. Parker, ESA Director of Human 5 February — Branch AGM and Robotic Exploration. followed by AAC – Helicopter force for the future. Col Craig FARNBOROUGH Sweeting. BAE Systems Park Centre, 4 March — UltraFan – The Farnborough Aerospace Centre. HATFIELD testing and flight safety. Terry Samlesbury. Buffet (ticketed journey from concept to 7.30pm. Dr Mike Philpot, T +44 Lindop Building A166, Smith, BAE Systems Flight event) 6.15pm. design. Andy Geer, Chief (0)1252 614618. University of Hertfordshire. Test, Ret’d. Engineer and Head of 14 January — Aerial mapping 22 January — easyJet flight 17 March — Rolls-Royce PRESTWICK Programme UltraFan. and its applications. David operations. David Morgan. electrification strategy and The Aviator Suite, 1st Floor, Philpot, Getmapping. 19 February — The business the all-electric demonstrator Terminal Building, Prestwick 18 February — Templer of borrowing bird biology: ACCEL project. Matheu Parr, Airport. 7.30pm. John Wragg, Symposium Room, Building Lecture. The Aerospace understanding and mimicking ACCEL Programme Manager, T +44 (0)1655 750270. B01, Airbus Campus 1, Technology Institute. Simon avian flight mechanics. Dr Rolls-Royce. 13 January — From light to Blagnac. 6pm. Contact: http:// Weeks, Chief Technology Peter Thomas. heavy, a life in civil aviation. goo.gl/WbiKtV to register. Officer. 7pm. Pre-registration 18 March — Sir Geoffrey de MEDWAY Chris Cowpe and Brendan 14 January — 29th Gordon required. Havilland Lecture. Conference Room 1, BAE Bocker. Corps Lecture. Systems (Rochester), Marconi 10 February — Bizjets. Paul in relation to . GLOUCESTER AND HEATHROW Way, Rochester. 7pm. Robin Catanach. John Harrison, President RAeS CHELTENHAM HQ Waterside Heaps, T +44 (0)1634 9 March — McIntyre Toulouse Branch and Airbus , Theatre, Harmondsworth. 377973. Lecture. Group General Counsel. Restaurant Conference Room, 6.15pm. For security passes, 15 January — The 11 February — Rolls-Royce off Down Hatherley Lane. advance registration (at least International Test Pilot School, SEATTLE Mini-Lecture Competition and 7.30pm. two days prior) is required. Canada. Geoff Connolly, William M Allen Theater, Rolls-Royce Ultrafan. Andy 21 January — Active Rotor Please contact William Li, Experimental Test Pilot and Museum of Flight, 9404 East Geer, Chief Engineer Rolls- Blade – The next great E [email protected] Instructor. Marginal Way South, Seattle, Royce Ultrafan. leap in rotor performance or T +44 (0)7936 392799. 19 February — The Washington. 6.30pm. 10 March — The complex improvement. Simon Stacey, 9 January — The commercial Shackleton: a Navigator’s point 18 February — The 2019 story of Concorde engine inlet Active Rotor Studies Technical viability of ultra long-haul of view. Air Cdre Bill Tyack, National Solar Car Challenge development. Dudley Collard, & Programme Lead, Leonardo. operations: evidence from RAeS Past President. Champions from Raisbeck Groupe Technique Concorde, 18 February — Partners Qantas’ Perth-London Aviation High School. Aerospatiale, Ret’d. Evening and Buffet: Concorde service. Linus Benjamin OXFORD – the 20th century icon. Capt Bauer, Independent Aviation The Magdalen Centre, Oxford SOLENT WEYBRIDGE John Hutchinson, British Consultant. Science Park, Oxford. 7pm. Turner Sims Concert Hall, Brooklands Museum, Campbell Airways Ret’d. 13 February — The Future 21 January — Electric and University of Southampton, entrance. 6.45pm. 17 March — Getting a chair in of Aerospace: Known Knowns electric/hybrid commercial Highfield Campus. 7pm.0 15 January — Film show the air (lecture), Safran Seats and Known Unknowns. Sir aircraft: a practical approach. 5 March — R J Mitchell – ‘Back to the Future’ Site Tour and VR Experience. Brian Burridge, RAeS CEO. Alan Prichard. Lecture. BLADE – Natural Farnborough air shows of the Peter Carr, Lead Engineering 12 March — Systems 17 March — The Buccaneer Laminar Flow Flight Testing. 50s and 60s. Systems Architect (Safran). engineering for the Mars in RN and RAF service. Simon Galpin, Head of 26 February — Airborne Safran Seats, Wales. 6.30pm. Sample Return Mission. Myles Graham Pitchfork. Aerodynamics & VP maritime surveillance radar Johnson, Systems Engineering Engineering and Tom Gibson, in WW2. Prof Simon Watts, Graduate, Lockheed Martin PRESTON Technical Competence Leader formerly Thales UK. Joint Hochschule für Angewandte UK. Personnel and Conference – Component Aerodynamics, lecture with IMechE. Wissenschaften Hamburg, Centre, BAE Systems, Warton. Airbus. 18 March — Vickers Tay Hörsaal 01.13 Berliner Tor 5 LOUGHBOROUGH 7pm. Alan Matthews, Viscount – An historic shape (Neubau), 20099 Hamburg. Room U020, Brockington T +44 (0)1995 61470. SOUTHEND flies again. Alan Simmons, 6pm. Building, Loughborough 8 January — Lightning The Holiday Inn, Southend former BAC apprentice. 9 January — winglets@ Building. 7.30pm. Colin Moss, genesis. Tony Wilson, BAE Airport. 8pm. Sean Corr, T +44 Airbus. Dr-Ing Gerd Heller, T +44 (0)1509 239962. Systems (Ret’d). (0)20 7929 3400. YEOVIL Senior Aerodynamics Expert, 21 January — Nanosatellites: 12 February — Branch AGM 14 January — The Boeing Dallas Conference Room Airbus Operations. Joint enabling technologies for novel and Building and flying large 707. Charles Kennedy, Aviation 1A, Leonardo Helicopters, lecture with DGLR, HAW- mission architectures. Dr Kate model aircraft. Bill James Author. Yeovil. 6.30pm. David Hamburg and VDI. Smith, Lecturer in Aerospace and Terry Mason, RAeS 11 February — Aircraft v McCallum, E david.mccallum@ 23 January — BelugaXL Engineering, University of Manchester Branch. U-boat in World War 2. Sqn Ldr leonardocompany.com – oversize transport for the Manchester. 11 March — Frank Mike Pugh-Davies, Ret’d. 16 January — Gulf War the 21st century. Veronique Roca, 11 February — Quicksilver Roe Lecture. Aerospace 10 March — Development differences in US and UK BelugaXL Technical Director – regaining world water manufacturing technology of hovercraft. Brian Russell, strategic planning. Sir Brian & Chief Engineer, Airbus. Joint speed record for Britain. Nigel in the future. Dave Holmes, Hovercraft Museum, Lee- Burridge, CEO, RAeS. lecture with DGLR, HAW- McKnight. Manufacturing Director, BAE on-Solent. Joint Lecture with 27 February — Henson and Hamburg and VDI. 25 February — High alpha Systems – Air. Canberra Club, IMechE. Stringfellow Lecture.

JANUARY 2020 53 Society News WILBUR AND ORVILLE WRIGHT LECTURE Virgin Galactic’s Chief Pilot addresses a full house The Society was honoured to welcome Virgin Galactic’s Chief Pilot, David Mackay FRAeS (right), to deliver the 108th Wilbur & Orville Wright Lecture at No.4 Hamilton Place on 10 December 2019. The lecture was followed by a black-tie dinner where guests included leaders and supporters from industry, academia, the military and the public sector. This was an immensely popular event from the outset and David Mackay was welcomed by a packed audience of RAeS members and other space enthusiasts all eager to hear him speak. No one went away disappointed, as David delivered a fascinating lecture that captured the audience from start to finish. He spoke of his background as a Harrier test pilot and a Virgin Atlantic 747 pilot, the immense effort of flight testing the SpaceshipTwo vehicle and progress towards commercial suborbital operations in 2020. Of particular note was David’s ability to convey the human emotions that are evident in the project, as well as the technological ingenuity. The Society’s thanks go to David Mackay and Virgin Galactic for sharing their story, to Blue Strawberry for an exceptional dinner and to its members for supporting the event with such enthusiasm.

COUNCIL ELECTIONS 2020 Nominations for Council close on 31 January – Your opportunity to help guide the Society?

The Society would like to hear from the highest quality to its members and to contribute members who are interested in standing for to key initiatives within the sector on a global scale. the Council in the 2020 elections to be held Please give serious thought to whether you next spring. Only by having a good number could serve the Society in this most important role. of candidates from all sectors of the aviation If you are interested, or require further information, NOMINATIONS and aerospace community can the Council please contact Nigel Dingley, the Society’s FOR THE 2020 benefit from a variety of backgrounds and Governance and Compliance Manager, on +44 RAeS COUNCIL experience. (0)20 7670 4311 or [email protected] ELECTIONS We would like to remind members that nominations for Council closes at the end of Please note that all nominations must be ARE NOW this month. This is an opportunity to impart your submitted no later than OPEN expertise in leading the Society to ensure it delivers 23.59 GMT 31 January 2020.

54 AEROSPACE CORPORATE PARTNER EVENTS

Please note: Attendance at Corporate Partner events is Wednesday 6 May 2020 / London strictly exclusive to staff of RAeS Corporate Partners. Corporate Partner Briefing David Oxley, Director of Business Growth, Highlands & Islands Tuesday 21 January 2020 / London Enterprise Defence Science & Technology: What Works? Corporate Partner Briefing by Professor Dame Angela McLean Thursday 21 May 2020 / London DBE FRS, Chief Scientific Adviser, Ministry of Defence Annual Banquet Corporate tables and individual tickets available Tuesday 11 February 2020 / London Corporate Partner Briefing Thursday 18 June 2020 / Frilford Heath, Oxfordshire Neil Robinson, Group CSR & Future Airspace Director, Aerospace Golf Day Manchester Airports Group Individual players and corporate teams are welcome Further Corporate Partner Briefing dates to be advised Monday 23 March 2020 / London Corporate Partner Briefing www.aerosociety.com/events Professor Sir Charles Bean, London School of Economics & For further information, please contact Gail Ward Office for Budget Responsibility E [email protected] or T +44 (0)1491 629912

Join us as a THE AIRCRAFT COMMANDER Corporate Partner IN THE 21ST CENTURY RAeS Corporate Partners are organisations, both large and small, across civil Managing the flight deck in an ever-changing environment and defence, from the breadth of the aerospace, aviation and space sectors. We provide a high-level commitment to professional recognition, continuous LONDON / 17 - 18 MARCH 2020 professional development, networking and knowledge sharing. The 2020 RAeS Flight Operations Group Conference will provide a unique opportunity to hear about recent training updates, engage with industry leaders, discuss the key issues and how we can resolve them. Key questions this conference will answer:

- What must the coming generation of aircraft commanders possess in their personal tool kits? 4 Exclusive Corporate Partner briefings - How should they be selected and The conference programme will reflect 4 Access to our global network of Branches prepared for the responsibilities they will many nuances with influential and 4 Free access to AEROSPACE and The Aeronautical Journal be expected to undertake? experienced speakers from regulatory 4 Discounted conference rates - How will they remain motivated to develop bodies, OEM’s, training providers, air 4 Free accreditation costs in the face of technology and automation? traffic services and academia. 4 Discounted individual member joining fees 4 Free meeting room and discounted room hire at RAeS HQ www.aerosociety.com/ FlightOps20 4 Use of the RAeS Corporate Partner logo Sponsorship and Exhibition Sponsorship opportunities are available for all conferences and is open to all organisations eager to be a part of the history of the Royal Aeronautical Society’s events. More information can be found by contacting [email protected]

Find out more about corporate membership: [email protected] www.aerosociety.com/corporate +44 (0)20 7670 4300 @aerosociety Elections

FELLOWS Luis Barbero ASSOCIATES Adriano Cerminara WITH REGRET Nomy Ahmed Michael Curtis Yemi Adenyin James Angus Robert Day Harry Bell The RAeS announces with regret the deaths of the Fiona Balfour Nenerirhe Djebah Andrew Broughton following members: Scott Benbow Philip Gepp Jack Chamberlain John David Arthur CEng MRAeS 93 John Burgess Eric Hewitt Rajiv Desai Victor Chavez Nick Holdaway Alasdair Gerrard Beverley George Beard CEng MRAeS 91 Karl Clemmensen Sara Langston Navee Kalakoti Vernon Wilfred Clarkson CEng FRAeS 97 Timothy Coffey JunLong Lee Thinasha Mendis William Richard Cockshott CEng FRAeS 87 Graeme Crickett Mathieu Youness Lotfi Vihan Perera Carl Davis Benjamin Loth Stephen Smith Roderick Olaf William Sholto Douglas IEng Guy Farnfield John Nicoll MRAeS 66 Gilles Fournier Okunade E-ASSOCIATES Ronald Ferrari CEng MRAeS 97 John Gilder Oyetola Oyenuga Steven Hodge Ioannis Connor Clyne Captain Anil A Gadgil FRAeS 72 Ian Holder Panagiotopoulos Torbjørn Cunis Norman William Hodgson MRAeS 103 Richard Alan Howell Stephanie Roberts Jake Hedley William Henry Johnson CEng MRAeS 94 Tabitha Knowles Robert Shaw Jordan Lewis Francois Lacombe Gareth Shaw James Wakefield Ruth Winifred Lavanchy AMRAeS 87 James Luckring Tim Shrewsbury Chen Wang Gordon Malcolm McCoombe OBE CEng Yiming Ma Philip Terry Oliver Westcott FRAeS 90 Panos Maheras Scott Tinnesand Dongdong XU Ian Robert Stopps CBE FRAeS 73 Toby McCann Alessio Ventriglia Mark Murray Jie Yuan AFFILIATES Charles John Street MRAeS 94 Rick Saggar Shahrean Zainurin Chris Shaw Mark Bate Mark Stevens ASSOCIATE Elizaveta Chistyakova Robert Tipping MEMBERS Margaret McCann Elizabeth Wilkinson Roshith Purushothaman Antony Yates George Coe Simon Sharifi Jamali Mark Hughes MEMBERS Alexandru Prodan STUDENT AFFILIATES Finian Russell Idrish Ali Seoul Weare Syed Hasan Richard Arnell Ollie Haskins Robina Austin Asimina Voskaki NEW MEMBER SPOTLIGHT Erika Armstrong FRAeS, 51, Conifer, life has come full circle so I’m now in the aviation CO, USA (I live at 8,700ft in the mountains of teaching world trying to give back to the community. Colorado – I can almost touch the aeroplanes!) Aviation changed my life on so many levels and I got to see things most people can’t even imagine. I’m so Job Title: Pilot, Aviation Professor, Professional grateful that I found aviation, so I want to be able to Pilot columnist, VP of Business Development at show others how incredible the aviation industry is. Advanced Aircrew Academy It’s important to spark that spirit of aviation early and What inspired you into aviation? I became a it’s especially important for young girls to hear about pilot by accident! During college I had two part time women who have made aviation their career.

jobs and still couldn’t pay for my tuition and living for E vergreen Newspapers Chancey Bush What made you join the Royal Aeronautical expense so I was looking for a third job I could fit Society? After I wrote my book, A Chick in the into my schedule. Since aviation is 24/7/365, I Cockpit, one of the surprising things that happened found a job with unusual hours as a customer service was the feedback from readers all over the world. representative at the front desk of an FBO at the Aviation has a common thread no matter where you Flying Cloud Airport in Minnesota. I started learning are. The soul of a pilot is the same everywhere. It’s about the aviation industry and loved everything important to show the world the connections for about it. The sounds, the smell, the language and the pilots around the world. comradery. I finally took a discovery flight at the flight What do you hope to get out of your school next door and I was then forever hooked. I Fellowship? I hope to get what the word flew for the Red Cross, cargo, hazmat, air ambulance, ‘Fellowship’ implies. My passion is to share aviation charter, corporate and then the airlines. My favourite stories with the rest of the world. I am most happy pilot seat was as Captain on a B727-200. when I’m sitting at the bar with a group of old What is the best thing about your current aviators listening to their stories: “There it was, role? After 25 years in the aviation industry, my upside down and one engine on fire…”

56 AEROSPACE World Renowned Aircraft Maintenance Engineering (AME), Training and Examinations

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Green Aviation

n the late ’90s, my old SBAC boss and later engines and second-generation biofuels (sources Society President, David Marshall thought it that do not supplant food crops), are emerging a good idea to invite Jonathon Porritt, former but unlikely to do enough to meet the 2050 director of Friends of the Earth to address deadline. More efficient routing will help, as will the SBAC Council. David had seen how the innovative ground handling solutions. Electric or Iautomobile sector had been wrong-footed by hybrid engines could mitigate the disgracefully the emerging challenge of global warming and poor per head carbon footprints of executive jet

climatic change. It was wise, he felt, to get ahead travel. But the CO² impact of shifting 150 plus of the curve. Prescient, and within a decade, people long distances will not be easily met by the European aerospace trade association was exotic powerplants. already setting ‘stretch’ targets for a greener The obvious conclusion if aviation industry. is to be obtained within the next 30 years, is to reduce demand. Sweden already has a Aviation on the Green naughty step word – ‘Flygskam’ (flight shaming) to describe the individual choice to fly less and Swedish There were still voices questioning the need for originating traffic has already begun to fall. There such an emphasis. Rightly, aerospace had already is plenty of pressure, some of it militantly directed cut fuel consumption markedly over 1970s’ levels at airports and aircraft, to suggest others will and noise pollution was way down. Engines were follow (surveys show that France, Germany and set to get even cleaner and more efficient. So the UK have seen 21% of respondents reducing why finger aviation? It was, and still is, less than flights). 3% of the global carbon output. Well, it was obvious even then that the sheer Fewer flights for all? growth in air traffic over the next 20 years, especially in Asia, would push aviation well over The most obvious way to cut demand is to that 4% total. Today’s prediction is that aviation increase cost, with a direct link between per head

CO² will double every 15-20 years, as it has carbon output and a ticket price. This might be done since the ‘00s. Airliners also operate in linked with rationing, to focus on the 15% of a particularly sensitive part of the atmosphere Britons that are responsible for 70% of flights.

– its not just CO² that presents problems. A This would also allow some degree of fairness for 1% improvement in airliner carbon output is relatively modest incomes looking for holidays in outweighed by a likely 4-5% increase in traffic- the sun. derived carbon. As ever, one country meeting its green targets Don’t forget the PR dimension; look at the may be viewed as salving a conscience or two but

THE CO² IMPACT contrails over West London, especially in the it is a necessary contribution. While airlines might OF SHIFTING evening! Green activists also point to how much plant a lot of trees and offer other indirect ways of 150 PLUS of aviation is discretionary; even a lot of freight is offsetting their carbon use, a technique dismissed about transporting luxury items and out of season as ‘green washing’ by environmentalists, there PEOPLE LONG fruit and veg. may yet be a compelling desperate need to cut DISTANCES WILL the 5% per annum, ad infinitum growth rate in NOT BE EASILY Carbon neutrality by 2050? traffic growth. A few business models for both airlines and aircraft manufacturers based on ever MET BY EXOTIC The current target is for a carbon neutral sector increasing fleets may need adjusting if this comes POWERPLANTS by 2050. Technological solutions, such as electric to pass.

58 AEROSPACE 2020 ANNUAL BANQUET

Thursday 21 May 2020 / London

Established as a key event in the social Guest of Honour calendar of the aviation and aerospace ACM Michael Wigston CBE ADC community, the Royal Aeronautical Society Chief of the Air Staff, Royal Air Force Annual Banquet attracts high-level industry Venue attendance and offers the ideal opportunity The InterContinental London Park Lane, for networking and corporate entertainment. One Hamilton Place, London W1J 7QY, UK

Programme Individual tickets and corporate tables are available with discounted rates for RAeS Reception: 19.15 hrs Dinner: 20.00 hrs members and Corporate Partners. What’s included? This black tie event includes a pre-dinner networking reception followed by an exquisite four-course meal with fine wines, coffee and an after-dinner drink.

Enquiries to: Gail Ward, Events Manager – Corporate & Society Royal Aeronautical Society T +44 (0)1491 629 912 / E [email protected] www.aerosociety.com/banquet Your parts have a destination We know the way

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