CSPAN/FIRST LADIES ELLEN WILSON and EDITH WILSON JUNE 16, 2014 10:00 A.M
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CSPAN/FIRST LADIES ELLEN WILSON AND EDITH WILSON JUNE 16, 2014 10:00 a.m. ET SUSAN SWAIN, HOST: This is the Woodrow Wilson House in Washington D.C., the home of our 28th President and former First lady Edith Wilson after they left the White House in 1921. You'll be seeing more of it over the next two hours as we tell the story of the two Wilson administration First Ladies, Ellen and Edith. Ellen and Woodrow met in their 20s and their love for each other was reflected in passionate letters. An accomplished artist as well as his intellectual companion, she helped guide his career from academia to politics. In adopting causes, she set an example for future first ladies. Ellen Wilson died in the White House just a year and a half into the President's term. The grieving President soon met Washington businesswoman Edith Galt through a mutual friend. They married after a secret courtship and Edith Wilson served as First Lady for more than five years. Her unprecedented role in managing the President's affairs after he suffered a stroke remains one of the most controversial efforts of any First Lady. Good evening and welcome to C-SPAN's continuing series, First Ladies Influence and Image. Tonight the story of the Wilson administration's two First Ladies Ellen and Edith and we have two terrific guests here to tell you about this two interesting women and the times in which they lived. Kristie Miller is a biographer of the two First Ladies. Her book is Ellen and Edith: Woodrow Wilson's First Ladies. John Milton Cooper is Woodrow Wilson's biographer. Mr. Cooper, thanks for being with us. JOHN MILTON COOPER, AUTHOR, “WOODROW WILSON: A BIOGRAPHY”: Glad to (ph). SWAIN: Well, we're going to break precedent a little bit. We've been telling these stories chronologically but everybody knows about Edith Wilson managing the White House as it's described after her husband suffers a stroke. And we thought we would tell that story first because so many people really want to know what happened. So, John Cooper, let me start with you, when in the President's administration did he suffer the stroke? COOPER: More than halfway through the second term. It was in October 1919. He had just returned from a whirlwind speaking tour. He was trying to sell the country on ratifying the peace treaty and going into the League of Nations and he'd really worn himself out on that. And his doctors had actually aborted the tour and got him back to the White House and he -- after about five days back in the White House he suffered this massive stroke. SWAIN: The story of the stroke night itself is really very dramatic. Could you tell us briefly about what happened in the White House that night? KRISTIE MILLER, AUTHOR, “ELLEN & EDITH: WOODROW WILSON’S FIRST LADIES”: There are some conflicting reports about what happened but I think that the most accurate portrayal is that he got up in the morning, Edith had been going in to check on him during the night and she found him slumped to the floor and he couldn't move his left side . She went out into the corridor to use a telephone that did not go through the switchboard. She did not want to have this universally known. And she asked the chief usher to call the doctor from this other phone. And the doctor came in they helped him into bed but he was paralyzed on his left side. SWAIN: Well, a character that's going to be a big part of this story is Cary Grayson. Who was he? COOPER: Cary Grayson was a Navy doctor. He had made that his career after he finished med school and he'd been assigned to the White House first under the Taft Administration. And then shortly, well, Taft introduced him -- introduced him to his successor Wilson and then pretty soon after the inauguration was and it was Wilson's… MILLER: That was during the inauguration. COOPER: OK. It was Wilson's sister fell down… SWAIN: Right. COOPER: … and Grayson treated her and did a good job and also he was a very charming man and a Virginian, too, which helped, you know, with the Wilsons. Yes. SWAIN: And his role with the President's medical condition after the stroke was what? COOPER: He was the White House physician. I mean, he is the one who treats him. That was his -- I'd say that was just everything he did was that. They called in various consultant specialists but Grayson is the one that's really treating Wilson. SWAIN: Now, you told us that the President was paralyzed but what was the extent of the -- of his condition? How badly had the stroke affected him? MILLER: He had a blockage in an artery leading to his brain. And this is usually not a fatal stroke but it did immobilize him for a while. He probably would have recovered fairly rapidly had he not about 10 days later suffered a second medical condition. He had prostate trouble and he had a urinary tract infection with a very high fever. Of course, they didn't have antibiotics at that time. They debated whether to operate but the specialist felt that to operate on a 62-year-old man with high blood pressure and a stroke would have been very unwise. So, they just tried to let nature take its course and eventually he recovered but it really sapped his vitality. And this kind of one-two punch really did him in for about a month. COOPER: It was I think -- Kristie is free to agree or disagree -- but I think the worst effect of the stroke on Wilson was really on his emotional balance and his judgment. His intellect wasn't impaired. His speech wasn't impaired so that yes, he could function that way but, you know, so much more goes into being a leader, being a President than just being smart and just being able to do these things. And another thing is partly because of that other illness that you just talked about, Kristie, they isolated him and that was what -- when you're supposed to keep them away from any stress or whatever and now the neurologists say that is exactly the wrong thing to do. What you want to do with a person who's had a stroke is get them back into social interaction and everything as soon as you can. So, they would – with the best of intentions they were doing exactly the wrong thing. SWAIN: Dr. Cary Grayson's letters are part of the collections at the Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library which is in Staunton, Virginia about two hours away from Washington. And we visited there. In the course of putting this program together we're going to learn a little bit more about some of the history Grayson captures in his letters. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) PEGGY DILLARD, DIRECTOR OF LIBRARY & ARCHIVES - WOODROW WILSON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY: We have a letter in this box from Henry Morgenthau who was later writing his -- wanting to write a book about his experiences. And so he's asking Grayson if he can use certain information. He wants to use in the book the information you gave me about President Wilson and your having come to the conclusion that he should resign and how he was influenced by Mrs. Wilson to give up this plan. So, Mrs. Wilson was very concerned that her husband would not get better if he did not have something to engage his mind, that he would just deteriorate if he was forced out of the presidency. While President Wilson was ill it has been speculated widely among historians that Mrs. Wilson essentially became the president. We have one document here that sheds a little bit of light on that. It is a telegram from Henry Morgenthau who is the Ambassador to Turkey and he's writing to Dr. Cary Grayson asking if the president has any objections to a citizens' meeting to protest against Turks being left in control of Constantinople. And Morgenthau has been asked to speak at this meeting and so he's asking basically permission. He doesn't want to embarrass the president so he's asking for advice. And on the --at the bottom of this telegram, there is a handwriting that is Edith's handwriting. We're familiar enough with Edith's handwriting to recognize it as such. And at the bottom she writes -- thinks it well to postpone speaking on such subjects. What we don’t know is did Edith take this telegram into Wilson, ask his opinion and then write that or did she just come to that conclusion herself. The public was very interested and curious to know the condition of Wilson's health. And so, you know, rumors were rampant in the papers even congressmen didn't know what was going on. They only knew what they read in the papers. After it was all over, Cary Grayson later wrote up a summary of what happened from the time of the stroke until Wilson left the White House. And on the last page the decision was made to announce that Wilson was suffering from nervous exhaustion. There were no other details given as to what was wrong with him, really nobody knew the extent of his illness, that he really was not capable of doing anything. Dr.