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Karyotype of Persian Chub, Petroleuciscus Persidis (Coad, 1981) (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Southern Iran

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Karyotype of Persian Chub, Petroleuciscus Persidis (Coad, 1981) (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Southern Iran TurkJZool 30(2006)137-139 ©TÜB‹TAK KaryotypeofPersianChub,Petroleuciscuspersidis (Coad,1981) (Actinopterygii:Cyprinidae)fromSouthernIran H.R.ESMAEILI*,Z.PIRAVAR DepartmentofBiology,CollegeofSciences,ShirazUniversity,Shiraz,71454-IRAN Received:25.04.2005 Abstract: ThediploidchromosomenumberofPersianchub, Petroleuciscuspersidis (Coad,1981),was2n=50,comprising29 metacentric,18submetacentric,and3subtelocentricchromosomesandthenumberofarmswas97.Adetailedkaryotypeofthis endemiccyprinidfishofsouthernIranwasestablishedforthefirsttimeinthisstudy. KeyWords: Cyprinidkaryology,Petroleuciscuspersidis,Iran Introduction attentioninrecentyears(Ozouf-CostazandForesti, Thecarp,orminnowfamily(Cyprinidae),isoneofthe 1992;Galettietal.,2000).Fishchromosomedatahave mostwidespreadandspeciosefamiliesoffishinthe greatimportanceinstudiesconcerningevolutionary world;certainlythemostspecioseinfreshwaterand systematics,aquaculture,andmutagenesis(Al-Sabti, possiblythelargestfamilyofvertebrates(Coad,2005). 1991).Theincreasingimportanceofchromosomal ThisfamilyisfoundinNorthAmerica,Eurasia,andAfrica. studiesoffishandthelackofdataonIranianfish Thereareover2100species,almost10%oftheworld’s karyotypespromptedustodoakaryotypestudyof fish(Coad,2005).InIran,thisfamilyisrepresentedby Petroleuciscuspersidis .Tothebestofourknowledge, speciesfoundinallthemajordrainagebasins.It thisisthefirstreportofitskind.Hence,theprimaryaim comprisesabout50%oftheIranianfreshwaterfish ofthisstudywastodescribethechromosomesand fauna(Coad,1995)andthereforecyprinidfishrepresent karyotypeofPetroleuciscuspersidis ofsouthernIran. animportantelementoftheIranianIchthyofauna. Cyprinidfishareataxonomicallycomplexgroup,dueto MaterialsandMethods thehighnumberofendemicspecieswithrestricted distributionareas. Petroleuciscuspersidis (Coad,1981), Specimensof P.persidis werecollectedfromthe anendemicfishrestrictedtothesouthernpartofIran,is springsteamsystemofGhadamgah(Korriverbasin)in amemberofthiscomplexgroup.Coad(1981,1995)and Farsprovince,southernIran(lat30º15'N,long52º25' Abdoli(2000)placedthisendemiccarpofFarsprovince E)byelectrofishing.Theywerebroughttothelaboratory inthegenus Pseudophoxinu›s.In1998Coadplaceditin andkeptaliveinawell-aeratedaquariumuntilthetimeof thegenusLeuciscus;but,accordingtoEschmeyer(2004), analysis.Cytogeneticanalysiswascarriedouton5 Petroleuciscuspersidis (Caod,1981)isthecorrectand specimensasfollows:individualswereintraperitoneally thevalidnameofthiscyprinidfishofsouthernIran.This injectedwithdosesof0.02ml/gofbodyweightof fishhasbeenstudiedmainlyonthebasisofmorphological 0.025%colchicinesolutionandleftfor4-5hbefore andanatomicalcharacteristics(Coad,1981;Abdoli, sacrificing.Thegillfilamentsandkidneytissueswere 2000).Theapplicationofnon-morphologicalmethods, removedandplacedinhypotonic0.36%KClsolutionfor suchascytogeneticstudies,mayprovideaframeworkfor 45min.Thesampleswerecentrifugedat1000rpmfor thecorrectspeciesidentificationofthisfish.The 10minandwerethenfixedinfresh,coldCarnoy’s applicationofthistypeofstudyhasreceivedconsiderable fixative(3:1)for60min.Stainingwasperformedwith *E-mail:[email protected] 137 KaryotypeofPersianChub,Petroleuciscuspersidis (Coad,1981)(Actinopterygii:Cyprinidae)fromSouthernIran 10%GiemsainaSorensonbuffersolutionfor10min. phylogeneticrelationshipsofthetaxa,aswellasinthe Observationwasmadeandmicrophotographsweretaken segregationofsiblingorcrypticspecies(Kapoor,2001). withanOlympuslightmicroscope.Thechromosomes Duetotheimprovedtechniquesthathaveevolvedduring weredescribedaccordingtoLevan’sterminology(Levan thepast30years,reliablekaryotypesforabout1000 etal.,1964). speciesofmammalsandseveralhundredspeciesoffish, amphibians,reptiles,andbirdshavebeenpresented. Althoughtheapplicationoffishkaryotypeshasreceived Results considerableattentioninrecentyearsinmanypartsof Resultsshowedthatin79.2%ofmetaphases,the theworld,thereareverylimiteddataonkaryologyofthe chromosomenumberof P.persidis was2n=50,(NF= endemicfishofIran. 97),comprising29metacentric,18submetacentric,and Thediploidchromosomenumberin Petroleuciscus 3subtelocentricchromosomes.Differentchromosome persidis isthesameasthemembersoftherelatedgenus, numbersinatotalof20.8%ofmetaphaseswere Leuciscus,andisthesameasnearly70%ofcyprinidfish recorded,rangingfrom48to52.Cellsnothavingnormal (Khuda-Bakhshetal.,1986;Collares-Pereiraetal., valueswereprobablycausedbylossesduringpreparation 1998).Themajorityofcyprinidspecieshave2n=50 oradditionsfromnearbycells.Thekaryotypeofthis chromosomes(Al-Sabti,1991;Guletal.,2004),while speciesisshowninFigure1. Cyprinuscarpio has2n=98-100,andthepolyploid Barbus speciesfromsouthernAfricahas2n=148or Discussion 150chromosomes(OellermanandSkelton,1990;Al- Sabti,1991;Guletal.,2004).Thenumberofarmsof Thekaryotype,characterisedbychromosome differentfishspecieshasbeenpresentedbymanyauthors number,size,andmorphology,isadefinitiveand (Al-Sabti,1991;Guletal.,2004).Thenumberofarms constantcharacterofeachspecies.Thenumber,shape, ofPersianchubiswithintherange70-94,whichhas andbandingofchromosomescanbedeterminedusing beenreportedfordifferent Leuciscustaxa (Collares- variousdissectingandstainingtechniques.Chromosomal Pereiraetal.,1988).Theresults,although,confirmits taxonomycanbequiteuseful,bothindeterminingthe Figure1.KaryotypeofPetroleuciscuspersidis ofsouthernIran. 138 H. R.ESMAEILI,Z.PIRAVAR relationtothegenus Leuciscus,butitshowsatendency relatedtaxamayprovidebeneficialinsightsintothevalue fortheappearanceofanewchromosomestructural ofconventionalcytogeneticdataforreconstructing rearrangement.ThismayconfirmEschmeyer(2004), cyprinidphylogeny.However,thevalueofkaryological whohasplacedthePersianchubinthegenus datacanbebetterutilisedifcombinedwiththehighest Petroleuciscus.Additionaldatafromthisspeciesand possibletaxonomicelementsforthediagnosisofspecies. References Abdoli,A.2000.TheInlandFreshwaterFishesofIran(inFarsi). Gül,S.,Çolak,A.,Sezgin,I.andKalo¤lu,B.2004.Karyotypeanalysis Tehran:IranianMuseumofNatureandWildlife. ofAlburnusheckeli(Battalgil,1943)fromlakeHazer.Turkish JournalofVeterinaryandAnimalSciences28:309-314. Al-Sabti,K.1991.HandbookofGenetoxicEffectandFish Chromosomes.Ljublijana, Kapoor,V.C.2001.TheoryandParacticeofAnimalTaxonomy.New Delhi:Oxford&IBHPublishingCO.PVT.LTD. Coad,B.W.1981. Pseudophoxinuspersidis,anewCyprinidfishfrom Fars,southernIran.CanadianJournalofZoology59:2058- Khuda-Bukhsh,A.R.,Chanda,T.andBarat,A.1986.Karyomorphology 2063. andevolutioninsomeIndianhillstreamfisheswithparticular referencetopolyploidyinsomespecies.InIndo-PacificFish Coad,B.W.1995.FreshwaterfishesofIran.ActaScientarium Biology:ProceedingoftheSecondInternationalConferenceon NaturaliumAcademiae.ScientariumBohemicae,Brno29:1-164. Indo-PacificFishes(Uyeno,T.,Arai,R.,Taniuchi,T.and Coad,B.W.1998.Systematicbiodiversityinthefreshwaterfishesof Matsuura,K.,eds).Pp.886-898.Tokyo:IchthyologicalSocietyof Iran.ItalianJournalofZoology65:101-108. Japan. Coad,B.W.2005.FreshwaterFishesofIran.www.briancoad.com Levan,A.,Fredga,K.andSandberg,A.1964.Nomenculaturefor Collares-Pereira,M.J.,Prospereo,M.I.,Bileu,R.I.andRodrigues,E.M. centromericpositiononchromosome.Hereditas52:201-220. 1998. Leuciscus (Pisces,Cyprinidae)karyotypes:Transectof Oellerman,L.K.andSkelton,P.H.1990.Hexaploidyinyellowfish PortuguesePopulations.GeneticandMolecularBiology21. species,Barbus,Pisces,Cyprinidae)fromsouthernAfrica.Journal Eschmeyer,W.N.,Editor,2004.Catalogoffishes.Updateddatabase ofFishBiology37:105-115. versionofJanuary2004.Catalogdatabaseasmadeavailableto Ozouf-Costaz,C.andForesti,F.1992.Fishcytogeneticresearch: FishbaseinJanuary2004. advances,applicationandperspectives.NetherlandJournal Galetti,P.M.,Aguliar,C.T.andMolina,W.F.2000.Anoverviewof Zoology42:277-290. marinefishcytogenetics.Hydrobiologia420:55-62. 139.
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