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Online Supplement Online Supplement Definition, discrimination, diagnosis, and treatment of central breathing disturbances during sleep. An ERS Statement Randerath W*#1, Verbraecken J*#2, Andreas S3, Arzt M4, Bloch KE5, Brack T6, Buyse B7, De Backer W2, Eckert DJ8, Grote L9, Hagmeyer L1, Hedner J9, Jennum P10, La Rovere MT11, Miltz C1, McNicholas WT12, Montserrat J13, Naughton M14, Pepin J-L15, Pevernagie D16, Sanner B17, Testelmans D7, Tonia T18, Vrijsen B7, Wijkstra P19, Levy P#15 *contributed equally as first authors #co-chaired the Task Force 1 Bethanien Hospital, Institute of Pneumology, Solingen, Germany 2 Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium 3 Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany and Lung Clinic Immenhausen, Krs. Kassel, Germany 4 Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital Regensburg, Germany 5 University Hospital Zurich, Department of Pulmonology and Sleep Disorders Center, Zurich, Switzerland 6 Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Kantonsspital Glarus, Switzerland 7 Department of Pulmonary Medicine – KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 8 8 Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 9 Sleep Disorders Center, Dept. of Pulmonary Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden 10 Center for Healthy Aging and Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark 1 11 Department of Cardiology, Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Montescano (Pavia), Italy 12 Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit, St. Vincent’s University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland 13 Laboratori del Son, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 14 General Respiratory and Transplantation, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 15 Laboratoire du sommeil explorations fonct. respire. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble, France 16 Dept. of Respiratory Diseases and Sleep Medicine Centre Ghent University Hospital, Belgium 17 Department of Internal Medicine, Agaplesion Bethesda Hospital Wuppertal, Germany 18 ERS Methodologist, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine Universtity of Bern, Switzerland 19 Department of Pulmonology/Home Mechanical Ventilation, University Mecical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Netherlands Address correspondence to: Winfried J. Randerath, M.D., FCCP, Professor of Medicine University of Cologne, Clinic for Pneumology and Allergology, Centre of Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Care, Bethanien Hospital Aufderhöherstraße 169-175, 42699 Solingen, Germany E-mail: [email protected] 2 Table of contents I. Abbreviations II. Criteria and results of the literature search III. Additional information IV. Figures V. Tables VI. References 3 I. Abbreviations A Areas AASM American Academy Scoring Manual AAV Adeno-associated virus ABD Abdomen ABG Arterial blood gases ACZ Acetazolamide AD Alzheimer Disease ADL’s Activities of Daily Living AHI Apnoea-Hypopnoea-Index AHRF Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure AI Arousal Indices ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis AM Acromegaly AMS Acute Mountain Sickness AN Autonomic Neuropathy ANN Artificial Neural Network ANP Atrial Natriuretic peptide APCV Assisted Pressure Control Ventilation ARF Acute Respiratory Failure ASV Adaptive Servo Ventilation AVAPS Average Volume Assured Ventilation BMI Body Mass Index BNP Brain Natriuretic Peptide BP Blood Pressure BPAP Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure BPAP-S Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure in Spontaneous Mode BPAP-ST Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure in Spontaneous Timed Mode BURR Backup Respiratory Rate CAD Coronary artery disease CAH central apnoea/hypopnoea CAHI Central Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index 4 CAI Central Apnoea Index CGBPS Cardiac Gated Blood Pool Scan CHF Chronic Heart Failure CI Confidence Interval CMS Chronic Mountain Sickness CMV Controlled Mechanical Ventilation CNIV Chronic noninvasive ventilation therapy CompSAS Complex Sleep Apnoea syndrome COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure CPC Cardiopulmonary coupling CPX Cardio-pulmonary exercise testing CRDQ Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire CRQ Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire CRT Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy CSA Central Sleep Apnoea CSAS Central Sleep Apnoea Syndrome CSB Cheyne Stokes Breathing CSR Cheyne Stokes Respiration CT<90% Cumulative Time SpO2<90% Ctrl Control CV Cardiovascular CWD Chest Wall Disease d Day DCMAP Diaphragmatic compound muscle action potential DIAST-CHF Diastolic Chronic Heart Failure DM Diabetes mellitus DMD Duchenne Mycotrophic Dystrophy DMD Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy DP Diaphragmatic pacing DWT Discrete Wavelet Transforms ECG Electrocardiography EDR ECG-derived Respiration 5 EE Excessive Erythropoiesis EEG Electroencephalogram EF Ejection Fraction eGFR Cyst C Glomerular filtration rate estimating formulae based upon Cystatin C EK “Egen Klassifikation” e-LFC Elevated Low-Frequency Coupling EMG Electromyography EMGdi Diaphragmatic Electromyography eNB-LFC Elevated Narrow Band Low-Frequency Cardiopulmonary Coupling EPAP Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure EPM Name of a company ESRD Endstage Renal Disease ESS Epworth Sleepiness Scale ET Exercise Training EWL Excessive weight loss F Female FDA Food and Drug Administration FLI Flow Limitation Index FOT Forced Oscillation Technique FSS Fatigue Severity Scale FVP Forehead Venous Pressure GAA Acid alpha-glucosidase gFR Glomerular Filtration Rate GH Growth Factor/Growth Hormone GRADE Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation H Hour HAPE High Altitude Pulmonary Oedema HCVR Hypercapnic Ventilatory Response HF Heart Failure HFJV High Frequency Jet Ventilation HFpEF Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction HI Hypopnoea index 6 HMV Home Mechanical Ventilation HR Hazard Ratio HRQL/HRQoL Health Related Quality of Life HRrEF Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction HRV Heart Rate Variability HTx Heart Transplantation HVR Hypoxic Ventilatory Response IBW Ideal Body Weight ICC Intra Class Correlation ICD Implanted Cardioverter Defibrillator I-CSA Idiopathic Central Sleep Apnoea ICU Intensive Care Unit IEE Inspiratory Efforts during Expiration IFLI Inspiratory Flow Limitation Index IGF Insuline Like Growth Factor IHD ischemic heart disease IK Idiopathic kyphoscoliosis IPAP Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure IQR Interquartile Range IV Intravenous K Kappa (Inter Rater Agreement) L Self-Inductance LGMD Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy LnBNP Logarithmic BNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptide) LSQ Least Squares Method LTOT Long Term Oxygen Therapy LVEF Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction LVESD Left Ventricular End-Systolic Diameter m Meter M Month MA Mixed Apnoea MD Myotonic Dystrophy MD Mean Difference // Myotonic Dystrophy 7 MDRS Muscular disability rating scale MEP Maximal Expiratory Pressure MEP Maximal Expiratory Pressure METS Metabolic Equivalent Task Score Min Minute MIP Maximal Inspiratory Pressure MIP Maximal Inspiratory Pressure MIPPV Mouthpiece intermittent positive pressure ventilation MIRS Muscular Impairment Rating Scale MMSD Mean Magnitude of the Second Derivatives MMT Methadone Maintenance Treatment MPV Mouth piece ventilation MR Mitral Regurgitation MRF Mitral Regurgitation Flow ms Milliseconds MSNA Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity MTIF Mean Tidal Inspiratory Flow MV Mechanical Ventilation MV Mechanical Ventilation N Number N.S. Non-Significant NA Not Applicable NAF Nasal Air Flow nCPAP Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale nIPPV Non Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation NIV Non Invasive Ventilation NIV-PS Non-Invasive Ventilation-Pressure Support NOT Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy NP Nasal Pressure NPPV Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation NPV Negative Pressure Ventilation nREM Non Rapid Eye Movement 8 NT-proBNP N-terminal Brain Natriuretic Peptide NYHA New York Heart Association OA Obstructive Apnoea OAH Obstructive Apnoea/Hypopnoea OAHI Obstructive Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index OAI Obstructive Apnoea Index O-CSA Opioid-related Central Sleep Apnoea ODI Oxygen Desaturation Index ODI Oxygen Desaturation Index OHS Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome OLV One Lung Ventilation OSA Obstructive Sleep Apnoea p p-Value for Statistical Significance PAV Proportional Assist Ventilation PB Periodic Breathing PC Pulmonary Comorbidity PCF Peak Cough Flow pCPAP Placebo Continuous Positive Airway Pressure PCWP Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure PD Parkinson Disease PDS Portable Diagnostic System PE Piezoelectric PEF Peak expiratory flow PEG Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy PetCO2 Endtidal CO2 PHYS Physiological PIFMF Peak Inspiratory Flow to Mean Inspiratory Flow ratio PIR Passive Infrared PNE Plasma Norepinephrine PNT Nasal Oral Pneumotachygraphy Poes Oesophageal Pressure PP Post-Polio PR Pulmonary Rehabilitation 9 Pred Predicted PSG Polysomnography PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory Pst Suprasternal Pressure Transducer PSV Pressure Support Ventilation PSV-VTG volume guaranteed pressure support ventilation PtcCO2 Transcutaneous CO2 PTIF Peak Tidal Inspiratory Flow PTPdi Diaphragmatic Pressure Time Product Pts Patients PTT Pulse Transit Time PVA Patient-Ventilator Asynchrony PVDF Polyvinylidene Fluoride PVDFb Polyvinylidene Fluoride Belts QDL Qualitative Diagnostic Calibration QoL Quality of Life r Correlation Coefficient RAI Respiratory Arousal Index
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