Subject index Note: page numbers in italics refer to fi gures, those in bold refer to tables Abbreviations used in subentries abdominal mass patterns 781–782 GERD – gastroesophageal refl ux disease choledochal cysts 1850 perception 781 IBD – infl ammatory bowel disease mesenteric panniculitis 2208 periodicity 708–709 mesenteric tumors 2210 peripheral neurogenic 2429 A omental tumors 2210 pharmacological management 714–717 ABCB1/MDR1 484 , 633 , 634–636 abdominal migrane (AM) 712 , 2428–2429 physical examination 709–710 , 710 ABCB4 abdominal obesity 2230 postprandial 2498–2499 c h o l e s t e r o l g a l l s t o n e s 1817–1818 , abdominal pain 695–722 in pregnancy 842 1819–1820 a c u t e see acute abdominal pain prevalence 695 functions 483–484 , 1813 acute cholecystitis 784 rare/obscure causes 712–713 , 712 intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy 848 acute diverticulitis 794–796 , 795 , 1523–1524 , red fl ags 713 low phospholipid-associated 1527 relieving/aggravating factors 709 cholelithiasis 1810 , 1819–1820 , 2393 acute mesenteric ischemia 2492 right lower quadrant 794 m u t a t i o n p h e n o t y p e s 2392 , 2393 a c u t e p a n c r e a t i t i s 795 , 1653 , 1667 right upper quadrant 794 progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis-3 acute suppurative peritonitis 2196 sickle cell crisis 2419 494 adhesions 713 s i t e 703 , 708 ABCB11 see bile salt export pump (BSEP) AIDS 2200 special pain syndromes 718–720 ABCC2/MRP2 485 , 494 , 870 , 1813 , 2394 , 2395 anxiety 706–707 sphincter of Oddi dysfunction 1877 ABCG2/BCRP 484–485 , 633 , 635 cessation, abrupt 708 systemic lupus erythematosus 1170 ABCG5 (sterolin-1) 484 , 549 , 1813 , character 709 temporal characteristics 708–709 1817–1818 c l a s s i fi cation 707–708 treatment approach 713–721 ABCG8 (sterolin-2) clinical assessment 708–713 nonconventional methods 718 c h o l e s t e r o l g a l l s t o n e s 1817–1818 , colorectal cancer 1568 ulcerative colitis 1379–1380 1819–1820 , 2394 desmoid tumors 1588 Zollinger–Ellison syndrome 1084 , 1084 cholesterol transport 484 , 549 , 1813 , 2392 , diabetes mellitus 2416 abdominal radiography see plain radiography 2394 diabetic ketoacidosis 2412 abdominal trauma, angiography 2896 ABC system, chronic pancreatitis 1711 diagnostic work-up 713 abdominal viscera ABC transporter family 1813 diff erential diagnosis 710–713 , 1823 arteries 2889–2891 abdominal angina 711 diverticular disease 1527 vascular anatomy 2889–2893 abdominal aortic aneurysm 789 , 795 diverticular perforation 1528 abdominal wall abdominal cavity 122–132 duration 708–709 anterior 124–125 anatomy 122–125 epilepsy 2429 h e r n i a boundaries 124–125 gastroparesis 1005–1006 multidetector CT 2817 , 2817 childhood anomalies 125–127 healthcare costs 695 pediatric 126 development 122–125 Henoch–Schönlein purpura 2437 lateral 124–125 anomalies 125–127 history taking 708–709 posterior 124–125 h e r n i a s see abdominal hernias importance of 695 abdominoperineal resection, rectal cancer 1576 abdominal collections, percutaneous intensity 709 abdominophrenic dyssnergia 725–726 drainage 2941–2942 , 2942 intermittent 708–709 abetalipoproteinemia 1284–1285 , 1284 , a b d o m i n a l e p i l e p s y 712 intestinal angina 2894 2387–2388 , 2402 abdominal fat pad biopsy 2422 intussusception 90 ABIC (age, serum bilirubin, INR and serum abdominal hernias 127–131 COPYRIGHTED irritable bowel syndrome 842 MATERIAL , 1497 , creatinine) score 2051–2053 c l a s s i fi cation 127 1505–1506 ABO gene clinical fi ndings 128 left lower quadrant 794–796 H. pylori infectivity 1048 contents 127 multidisciplinary approach 714 liver function tests variability 2391–2392 epidemiology 127–128 neuroanatomy 781–784 peptic ulcer disease 1048 , 2384 nongroin 129–130 neurogenic 2429–2430 abscess(es) pathogenesis 128 onset 708 amebic brain 2325 pediatric 126 oral contraceptive-induced ischemia 1357 a m e b i c l i v e r see amebic liver abscess strangulation risk 128 pathophysiology 781–784 a n o r e c t a l see anorectal abscess Yamada’s Textbook of Gastroenterology, Sixth Edition. Edited by Daniel K. Podolsky, Michael Camilleri, J. Gregory Fitz, Anthony N. Kalloo, Fergus Shanahan, and Timothy C. Wang. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Companion website: www.yamadagastro.com/textbook i1 i2 Subject index abscess(es) (cont’d) peptic ulcer disease induction 1035 acid suppression Crohn ’ s disease 1458 , 2183 , 2184 quantitation assays 1978 functional dyspepsia 655 colitis 1460 tolerance 1976–1977 GERD 923–925 ischiorectal 1464 acetaminophen adducts assay 1978 peptic ulcer disease 805–806 , 1043 percutaneous drainage 1457 acetate, short bowel syndrome 2222–2223 acinar agglomerate 157 surgical indications 1451 , 1457 acetylcholine (Ach) acinar cells 117 , 1661 , 1664 , 1734 treatment 2191 enteric neurons 244 , 246 acute pancreatitis crypt, ulcerative colitis 1384 , 1385 , gallbladder contraction 389–390 exocystosis 1662 3027–3028 gastric acid secretion 400 , 403–404 , 3058 infl ammation 1663 cryptoglandular 96 gastric mucin secretion 414 mitochondrial dysfunction 1664–1665 , 1665 d i v e r t i c u l a r 1530 , 1533 gastric smooth muscle contraction 274 apoptosis 1665 clinical presentation 1528 muscle motor neurons 246–247 bile acids, eff ects of 1666 horseshoe 1633 pancreatic secretion 460–461 calcium-activated kinases 465 iliopsoas 2185–2186 peristaltic refl ex 279–280 calcium concentration 463 , 464 intersphincteric, anal 96–97 , 1633–1635 acetylcholine/5-HT interneuron 248–249 calcium infl ux mechanisms 463–464 intraabdominal see intraabdominal abscesses acetylcholine/somatostatin interneurons calcium spiking 464 intraperitoneal 2761 248–249 IP3 receptors 463 l i v e r see liver abscess acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, lysosomal enzymes 1662 pelvic 1475 , 2185–2186 gastroparesis 1023 metaplasia/heterotopia 3004 perirectal 1633 , 2293 acetyl-CoA 504 , 505 , 508–509 , 511 receptors 461–462 pit 1104 , 1105 acetyl-CoA carboxylase 509 , 550 acinus (acini) proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal acetylcysteine, phytobezoars 1151 liver 157 , 157 anastomosis complication 1469 acetylhydrolase 306 pancreas 117 , 450 psoas 1457 , 1459 , 2203–2204 achaete-scute complex homolog 2 (Ascl2) 35 acotiamide 656 pyogenic see pyogenic abscess achalasia 895–900 acoustic enhancement 2764–2765 retroperitoneal 2203–2204 absent peristalsis vs . 897 acoustic impedance 2763 supralevator 97 , 1634–1635 Chagas disease vs . 897–898 acoustic shadowing 2764–2765 a b s o r p t i o n chest pain 658–659 , 896 acquired hepatolenticular degeneration 2112 of meal 185 , 194 clinical presentation 896 a c q u i r e d i m m u n i t y see adaptive immunity ultrasound waves 2763–2764 computed tomography 2793 acquired immunodefi ciency syndrome (AIDS) absorptive cells, colonic mucosa 97 delayed gastric emptying 1014 see HIV/AIDS ABT-229 1030 diff erential diagnosis 897–898 a c r i fl avine 2944–2945 ABT-267 1955 dilation 2614–2615 acrodermatitis enteropathica 517 , 582–583 , ABT-333 1955 endoscopy 897 1288 , 2387–2388 , 2443–2444 ABT-450 1955 epidemiology 895 acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex 2444 acanthosis nigricans 2444–2445 esophageal spasm vs . 897 a c r o m e g a l y 1790 , 2410 accessory cholera enterotoxin 1235 ganglion cell degeneration 895 colorectal cancer risk 1564 accessory hepatic ducts 142 genetic predisposition 895 ACTHomas 1793 accessory hepatic veins 2892–2893 immune-mediated 895 actin 261 accessory left gastric artery 2889–2890 management 898–900 enterocytes 80 accessory pancreatic duct 16 , 116 , 117 pharmacological therapy 898–899 epithelial cells 319 , 322 development 108–109 manometry 896–897 gastric acid secretion 412 pancreas divisum 120 neuropathology 895–896 myosin interactions 262 aceruloplasminemia 2019 Parkinson disease 895 actinomycin D 1336 , 2178 acetaldehyde, alcoholic liver disease 2047 pathophysiology 658 actinomycosis 2204 acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2046 postfundoplication dysphagia vs . 898 activated charcoal 733 acetaminophen prevalence 895 activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) acute liver failure 1961–1964 , prognosis 896–897 551–552 , 551 1975–1978 radiography 896 active transport 424 adducts measurement 1966 , 1978 , 1978 , squamous cell carcinoma risk 900 , 976 Active Ulcerative Colitis Trials 1 and 2 trials 1979 s u b t y p e s 894 , 896–897 1402 , 1404 children 1963–1964 transient LES relaxation 896 activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ACVRL1) clinical presentation 1976 achlorhydria gene 2397–2398 , 2483 hepatocyte lysis 1961–1962 of aging, vitamin B-12 defi ciency 561 activity assay, hormones 206 hyperacute 1966 autoimmune gastritis 1115 acupressure incidence 1974 , 1975–1976 acid, caustic ingestion injury 996 , 1149 chronic pain 718 prognosis 1977 acid-fast bacilli culture, peritoneal hyperemesis gravidarum 839 suicidal patients 1963–1964 , 1976 , 1976 tuberculosis 2092 acupuncture unintentional/staggered overdoses 1963– acidic pathway, bile acid synthesis 474–475 acute pancreatitis 2523 1964 , 1976–1977 , 1976 acid lipases 543–544 chronic pain 718 in chronic liver disease 1978 acid neutralizers 1150 functional dyspepsia 2524 hepatotoxicity acidophilic bodies, acute viral hepatitis 1903 , GERD 926 glutathione- S -transferases depletion 630– 2969 HIV/AIDS associated diarrhea 2530 631 acid peptic disease 3065–3066 irritable bowel syndrome 1510–1511 , 1520 , l i v e r b i o p s y 2959 , 2975–2976 acid pocket 2526 levels measurement 1978 as antacid target 923 nausea and vomiting 1024 false-positives 1978 hiatus hernia 910 pancreatic disease 2523 metabolism 1959