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As Cartas De El-Amarna E O Contexto Sociopolítico Do Sul De Canaã*
A LIBERDADE COMO CONDIÇÃO PARA A PAZ! AS CARTAS DE EL-AMARNA E O CONTEXTO SOCIOPOLÍTICO DO SUL DE CANAÃ* José Ademar Kaefer** Resumo: o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o contexto histórico das cidades-Estado do sul de Canaã durante o período das cartas de el-Amarna. Para tanto, far-se-á o estudo das cartas enviadas ao Egito pelos governantes de três importantes cidades-Estado: Gezer (EA 267-272, 293, 297-300, 369 e 378); Gat (EA 278- 284 e 366 (63-65 e 335)); e Laquis (EA 328-332 (EA 311)). A análise dará espe- cial atenção ao comportamento dos governantes, especialmente de Milkilu, de Gezer, e Shuwardata, de Gat, em relação ao conluio ou não com a revolta que estava em curso contra o Egito, liderada por Lab’ayu, governante de Siquém. Palavras-chave: Tell el-Amarna. Gezer. Gat. Laquis. Canaã. o final do século XIX e início do século XX foram encontradas em Tell el-Amar- na, no Egito, a 300 km ao sul de Cairo, 382 cartas escritas em quase sua totali- Ndade em língua acádica.1 As cartas, supostamente encontradas acidentalmente (MYNAROVÁ, 2015, p. 37-46), correspondiam ao reinado de dois reis egípcios: Amenhotep III (1390-1352) e Amenhotep IV, também conhecido como Akena- ton, o faraó monoteísta (1352-1336).2 Este último, para acabar com o culto ao Deus Amon e substituí-lo pelo de Aton, transferiu a capital do império de Tebas para Amarna, um lugar com excelente proteção natural e especialmente cons- truído em honra ao Deus Aton (KAEFER, 2018a, 121-140). -
A Demographic Analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan: Ancient
i A DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF LATE BRONZE AGE CANAAN: ANCIENT POPULATION ESTIMATES AND INSIGHTS THROUGH ARCHAEOLOGY by Titus Michael Kennedy 4812-032-4 Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY in the subject BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA Supervisor: PROF COENRAAD SCHEEPERS Co-supervisor: DR SHIMON GIBSON 2013 ii I declare that: A DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF LATE BRONZE AGE CANAAN: ANCIENT POPULATION ESTIMATES AND INSIGHTS THROUGH ARCHAEOLOGY is my own original and unaided work that has not been submitted to any other institution for assessment purposes. All sources and references have been acknowledged. Titus Michael Kennedy UNISA Student # 48120324 September 26, 2013 __________________ ___________________ SIGNATURE DATE iii ABSTRACT A Demographic Analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan: Ancient Population Estimates and Insights through Archaeology by Titus Michael Kennedy This thesis is a demographic analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan (ca. 1550/1500-1200/1150 BCE), undertaken through the use of archaeological and anthropological data. The purpose is to establish estimates for the settlement population, nomadic population, nuclear family size, house size, sex ratio, and life expectancy of the people of Canaan during the Late Bronze Age. Previous studies have not addressed these issues in detail, nor had data from the entire scope of Canaan been considered, nor had a precise methodology been developed or used for estimating specific settlement populations and nomadic populations for Canaan during the Late Bronze Age. Thus, additional aspects of the thesis include the development and use of a new methodology for estimating ancient populations and a database of all of the Late Bronze Age sites in Canaan—both archaeological and textual. -
Publications List
3 A LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Books 1. Borders and Districts in Biblical Historiography. Seven Studies in Biblical Geographical Texts, Jerusalem l986. 275 pp. 2. The Past that Shapes the Present. The Creation of Biblical Historiography in the Late First Temple Period and After the Downfall (Yeriot 3), Jerusalem 2002 (Hebrew). 128 pp. 3. Inscribed in Clay. Provenance Study of the Amarna Tablets and other Ancient Near Eastern Texts (Monograph Series of the Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology 23), Tel Aviv: Tel Avis University 2004 (co-authors: Yuval Goren and Israel Finkelstein). 384 pp. 4. Ancient Israel and Its Neighbors: Interaction and Counteraction. Collected Essays, vol. 1, Winona Lake 2005. 5. Canaan in the Second Millennium B.C.E. Collected Essays, vol. 2, Winona Lake 2005. 6. Ancient Israel’s History and Historiography: The First Temple Period. Collected Essays, vol. 3, Winona Lake 2006. Books (edited) 1. From Nomadism to Monarchy. Archaeological and Historical Aspects of Early Israel, Jerusalem 1990, 462 pp. (Hebrew) (co-editor I. Finkelstein). 2. From Nomadism to Monarchy. Archaeological and Historical Aspects of Early Israel, Jerusalem 1994, 399 pp. (co-editor I. Finkelstein). 3. P. Beck, Imagery and Representation. Studies in the Art and Iconography of Acient Palestine: Collected Articles, Tel Aviv 2002 (co-editors U, Zevulun and I. Ziffer). 4. Ancient Gods. Polytheism in Eretz Israel and Neighbouring Countries from the Second Millennium BCE to the Islamic Period, Jerusalem 2008 (co-editors M. Kister, J. Geiger and S. Shaked) (Hebrew). 5. Royal Assyrian Inscriptions: History, Historiography and Ideology (A Conference in Honour of Hayim Tadmor on the Occasion of His Eightieth Birthday, 20 November 2003), Jerusalem 2009 (co-editor I. -
2. the True Date of the Exodus
1 The True Date of the Exodus Online Index 1. To download a PDF version for easy reading/printing offline Click here and “Save As ....” Christian Hospitality www.christianhospitality.org 2 The True Date of the Exodus Online Index 2. THE TRUE DATE OF THE EXODUS “Remove not the ancient landmark, which thy fathers have set” — Proverbs 22:28 The evidence of the early Greek writers who dealt with the subject of the Exodus has often been neglected. Some of these writers were native Egyptians (e.g. Manetho), others were Jews who spoke and wrote in Greek. Yet, without their long-term historical view, it will, until appropriate archaeological evidence turns up, be impossible to say anything decisive about this important event. Archaeology, like detective work, can usually only provide isolated pieces of evidence. Rarely does it produce a definitive answer to a particular historical problem. The Greek writers around the turn of the Christian era had one advantage over modern archaeologists, and that was access to native Egyptian-speaking priests who had received from their ancestors a treasure-trove of king-lists, biographical and historical legends, and other written and oral material, which backgrounded the bare memorials and inscriptions which are all too often the sole evidence available to modern researchers. We should treat this evidence with respect, particularly when it is our only witness to events, like the Exodus, which the native Egyptian royal scribes, contemporary with the event itself, had every reason to consign to oblivion. As archaeology has advanced, it has consistently vindicated Manetho of Egypt, and Berossus of Babylon, in respect of their reliability in transmitting to the Classical world the authentic historical traditions of their respective countries. -
Proquest Dissertations
The economic organization of southern Canaan in the Late Bronze Age: A synthesis of the textual and archaeological data Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Cole, Lisa Marsio Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 05/10/2021 09:00:16 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290060 THE ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION OF SOUTHERN CANAAN IN THE LATE BRONZE AGE: A SYNTHESIS OF THE TEXTUAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA By Lisa Marsio Cole Copyright © Lisa Marsio Cole 2004 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2004 UMI Number: 3132208 Copyright 2004 by Cole, Lisa Marsio All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform 3132208 Copyright 2004 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. -
Abdi-Heba, Um Governante-Vassalo Em Apuros Ou Um Estrategista Audaz?*
Abdi-Heba, um governante-vassalo em apuros ou um estrategista audaz?* Abdi-Heba, a vassal ruler in distress or a daring strategist? Abdi-Heba, un gobernante-vasallo en apuros o un estratega audaz? Omar João da Silva** RESUMO Este artigo propõe um estudo analítico, crítico-literário e histórico-social das cartas de El- -Amarna, com ênfase na coleção das correspondências do rei-vassalo de Jerusalém, Abdi-Heba dirigidas ao rei egípcio do século 14 AEC. Portanto, nosso objeto de estudo e análise é a coleção das cartas EA 285 a 291. Veremos que, nesse período (século 14 AEC.), as relações entre os governantes das cidades-estado, no território de Canaã eram marcadas por intensos conflitos e hostilidades. O conteúdo das correspondências dos reis-vassalos dirigidas ao Faraó (Amenhotep III 1389-1349 AEC., e/ou Amenhotep IV ou Akhenaton 1349-1333 AEC.) é de conflitos, acusações, defesas e denúncias, que dificulta, inclusive, uma leitura diretiva e assertiva dos relatos, pois sempre somos conduzidos à mantermos a dúvida, algo muito comum em escritos literários, e especialmente nos escritos antigos. Palavras-chave: Abdi-Heba; Jerusalém; El Amarna; apîru; rei. ABSTRACT This article proposes an analytical study critical-literary and historical-social of the letters of El-Amarna, with emphasis on the collection of correspondences of the vassal king of Jerusalem, Abdi-Heba addressed to the Egyptian king in the 14th century B.C.E. However, our object of the study and analysis is the collection of letters EA 285 to 291. We will see that in this period (fourteenth century B.C.E) the relations between the rulers of the city-states in the territory of Canaan were marked by intense conflicts and hostilities. -
El Intercambio De Bienes Entre Egipto Y Asia Anterior
El Intercambio de Bienes entre Egipto y Asia Anterior Desde el reinado de Tuthmosis III hasta el de Akhenaton Graciela Gestoso Singer Ancient Near East Monographs-Monografías sobre el Antiguo Cercano Oriente Society of Biblical Literature Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente UCA Volumen 2 - 2008 Society of Biblical Literature Universidad Católica Argentina Facultad de Filosofía y Letras Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente Bob Buller Néstor A. Corona SBL Editorial Director Decano Benjamin G. Wright, III Miguel Ángel De Marco Chair, SBL Research and Director del Departamento de Publications Committee Historia ANCIENT NEAR EAST MONOGRAPHS MONOGRAFÍAS SOBRE EL ANTIGUO CERCANO ORIENTE General Editors/Editores Generales Ehud Ben Zvi University of Alberta Roxana Flammini Universidad Católica Argentina Editorial Board/Comité Editorial Marcelo Campagno Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET Michael Floyd Centro de Estudios Teológicos, Santo Domingo José M. Galán Director de la Misión Española-Egipcia en Dra Abu el-Naga, Luxor Erhard Gerstenberger Philipps Universität-Marburg Steven Holloway American Theological Library Association, Chicago Alan Lenzi University of the Pacific Santiago Rostom Maderna Universidad Católica Argentina Martti Nissinen University of Helsinki Juan Manuel Tebes Universidad Católica Argentina, Universidad de Buenos Aires El Intercambio de Bienes entre Egipto y Asia Anterior Desde el reinado de Tuthmosis III hasta el de Akhenaton Graciela Gestoso Singer Ancient Near East Monographs – Monografías sobre el Antiguo Cercano Oriente Society of Biblical Literature Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente (UCA) Volumen 2 - 2008 Gestoso Singer, Graciela El intercambio de bienes entre Egipto y Asia Anterior desde el reinado de Tuthmosis III hasta el de Akhenaton/ Graciela Gestoso Singer. -
The Forgotten Kingdom : the Archaeology and History of Northern Israel / by Israel Finkelstein
The Forgotten Kingdom THE ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY OF NORTHERN ISRAEL Israel Finkelstein THE FORGOTTEN KINGDOM Ancient Near East Monographs General Editors Ehud Ben Zvi Roxana Flammini Editorial Board Erhard S. Gerstenberger Esther J. Hamori Steven W. Holloway René Krüger Alan Lenzi Steven L. McKenzie Martti Nissinen Graciela Gestoso Singer Juan Manuel Tebes Number 5 THE FORGOTTEN KINGDOM The Archaeology and History of Northern Israel THE FORGOTTEN KINGDOM THE ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY OF NORTHERN ISRAEL By Israel Finkelstein Society of Biblical Literature Atlanta THE FORGOTTEN KINGDOM The Archaeology and History of Northern Israel Copyright © 2013 by the Society of Biblical Literature All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permit- ted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Offi ce, Society of Biblical Literature, 825 Houston Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Finkelstein, Israel. The forgotten kingdom : the archaeology and history of Northern Israel / by Israel Finkelstein. p. cm. — (Ancient Near East monographs ; number 5) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 978-1-58983-910-6 (paper binding : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-58983-912-0 (hardcover binding : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-58983-911-3 (electronic format) 1. Galilee (Israel)—Antiquities. 2. Galilee (Israel)—History. 3. Excavations (Archae- ology)—Israel—Galilee. I.