English version

Vattenfall Heat Uppsala

Safety, Health and Environment 2014 Contents Vattenfall Heat Uppsala heats the city of Uppsala with district heating. We also Foreword 3 produce and distribute district cooling and Our products 4 steam. Combined heat and power (CHP) Air emissions 5 produces electricity and heat at the same Operations in Uppsala 6 time, which is an effi cient use of resources Fuel mix in Uppsala 7 and therefore leads to a reduced impact Facilities in Uppsala 8 on the environment. Knivsta – almost exclusively carbon neutral heating 9 Operations in Storvreta 10 Fuel and ash 11 District heating in Sweden 12 We are working towards improved safety and health 13 We are working to reduce our impact on the environment 14 Emissions and environmental conditions 16 Our objectives within safety, health and the environment 17 Environmental glossary 19 Read more about district heating at www.vattenfall.se

Management system for safety, health and the environment, plus energy and quality

The management systems give structure to the work, and several areas Situation analysis border on each other. It can therefore be advantageous to have an inte-

grated management system for safety, health and the environment, plus Policy energy and quality. The diagram shows our management system with the elements of our everyday activities that are planned, managed and Management review Legislation and other requirements SHM reporting Aspects/risks/ followed up. The management system is constantly being developed in energy surveys

order to better achieve our goal of reducing our environmental impact Internal audit Action plan including energy use and improving safety and the work environment, Noncompliance Objectives and as well as the quality for our customers using our waste incineration objective programme Monitoring and services. measurement Organisation

Our integrated management system is certified in accordance with Documentation Training and skills

environ mental management standard ISO 14001 and registered in Safety and protection Communications accordance with EMAS. This means that the environmental report is Operations audited by an independent environmental auditor. The system is also Operation and maintenance Purchasing health & safety certified according to OHSAS 18001, which is the Contractors Chemicals international standard for work environment. We were the first power company in Sweden with an energy management system certified according to ISO 50001. The quality system for waste incineration is ISO 9001 certified.

Environmental auditor Intertek is one of SWEDAC’s accredited environmental auditors under EMAS (No. 1639). Vattenfall Heat Uppsala’s environmental management system complies with ISO 14001. Intertek has audited the environmental sections of the report and found them to be accurate and suffi ciently detailed to meet the requirements in EMAS. EMAS registration number SE-000224. The registration includes the plants in Uppsala: the combined heat and power (CHP) plant, waste incineration, Bolandsverket, the gas turbine, Husbyborgsverket, Stallängsverket, the refrigerating plants in Ultuna and Ångström, and the distribution network, plus the Knivsta and Storvreta plants and distribution networks.

2 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala Safety, Health and Environment 2014 2014 – a warm year with low emissions

As everybody knows, the year was a warm In order to improve the security of supply and reduce our one and there was low demand for heat. heat losses, we also took signifi cant steps to reinvest During warm years, electricity generation in the existing network. Due to increased demand for is lower since electricity and heat are pro- district cooling, we have worked intensively on a project duced simultaneously in our CHP process. that has involved diff erent groups within the company. We will fi nd the best cooling solutions for the future while However, due to the warm year and many also taking care of existing customers. For example, we new connections, our cooling deliveries reviewed all substations in order to identify improve- increased 20 per cent. ments. For both district cooling and district heating, improvements made anywhere in the system benefi t the entire system. We are pleased that emissions of climate-aff ecting car- bon dioxide and acidifying substances such as nitrogen Now we go forward oxides and sulphur were low for the year. The decisions In order to meet Uppsala City’s needs for new capacity made by our customers are also making a diff erence, and move toward more sustainable energy solutions, Vat- and sales of our Carbon Neutral Heating and Cooling tenfall is planning two major, crucial local investments: decreased emissions by 11,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide. • The 40-year-old peat-fi red plant will be phased out in favour of a new biomass-fi red CHP plant that can New architecturally signifi cant buildings as customers deliver both electricity and heat. It is always a joy when a collaboration leads to great • A hot water boiler is being rebuilt to be able to burn solutions, for example at the Skandion Clinic in Uppsala, biomass instead of peat. which offi cially opened in December 2014. It is the fi rst Vattenfall’s eff orts to move away from peat will signifi - clinic in the Nordic region for proton therapy, which cantly reduce its impact on the environment and carbon treats cancer more eff ectively and with fewer side ef- dioxide emissions from the plant as a whole will be cut by fects than conventional radiation therapy. It is a national more than 50 per cent. project that is run jointly by the seven Swedish county Waste incineration will continue in its current form with councils with university hospitals. In collaboration with constant improvements. The largest share of combustible Akademiska Hus we have built a heat recovery facility to waste comes from Uppland and Mälardalen, but we also recycle the energy released during the proton treatment. are accepting an increasing share of sorted, combustible Another architecturally signifi cant building that will be household waste from Great Britain, Finland, Ireland and supplied with district heating and cooling is Segerstedt- Norway. It may seem strange to import waste from other huset at Uppsala University. Ground was broken in countries, but the majority of this waste is renewable October 2014 for this new building, which will house the and everything is recycled for energy after the material university’s management and administration. has fulfi lled its role for society. The waste replaces other fuels at our facilities, and also a major improvement for Safe workplace and constant improvements the environment in Europe since the waste is not placed We had no accidents in 2014 that resulted in sick leave in landfi lls. Europe is currently reducing the amount of for either our own staff or our contractors. Safety is an waste that is put in landfi lls, but half of all household important issue, and work on safety must be constantly waste still ends up there. In Sweden we have been able to improved. During the year we continued to work on a implement reductions faster, and currently less than one project for the safe shutdown of machinery, which is a per cent of our household waste is put in landfi lls. This key issue in this type of operations. We made a number is largely due to a functional infrastructure that includes of investments to continuously improve our plants in waste incineration and a district heating network, assets terms of safety, effi ciency, environmental performance that are well worth protecting and developing. and availability. Some examples of larger measures taken during the year include new electrostatic precipitators for waste incineration and a new control system for fl ue gas condensation. We also invested in new, effi cient compressors for compressed air, which together with re- Adrian Berg von duced pressure in the system, and by repairing leakages, Linde Head of Market- Johan Siilakka have cut the consumption of electricity for compressed ing & Distribu- Facility Manager air in half. tion Heat Nordic Uppsala

Safety, Health and Environment 2014 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala 3 Our products

District heating is our major product The building’s heating system Water is pumped round the property’s closed District heating is distributed to households and heating system. It is heated in the heat exchanger premises by transporting hot water in well-insulated by the district heating water. pipes under high pressure to a central district heating unit in each property. The central unit contains a heat exchanger that utilises the hot water to heat up the building’s radiators and the hot water in the taps. The cooled district heating water is fed back to the district heating plant to be reheated and pumped - Radiator out into the district heating system again. Heated water from the District heating is flexible district heating plant as a number of different 75–120°C. Heat fuels can be used. By exchanger using waste incineration, this utilises resources Cooled district heating water 40–60°C goes back Hot water. that would otherwise to the plant to be reheated. be lost. District heating Cold water from the water company. provides a secure supply The building’s heat exchanger and frees up space in the In the heat exchanger, the district heating is transferred The district heating water heats to the building’s heating system. the tap water and shower water. home. Customers have The two water systems are entirely separate from each other. low maintenance costs and can obtain help rapidly if needed.

District cooling Electricity District cooling is based on the same principle as We produce both district heating and electricity district heating, but with cold water. It replaces a simultaneously with a high level of efficiency, an -ex large number of local refrigerating plants. There are ample of good utilisation of resources. The electricity numerous environmental benefits. we generate is not sold directly to end customers, Above all, it entails reduced electricity consumption but is included as a part of Vattenfall’s total electric- and leakage of coolants into the atmosphere. It also ity generation. means that there is no noise from local machinery. In the summer, we have spare capacity at the waste Incineration services incineration plant as Uppsala’s heat requirements Combustible waste that can no longer be reused or decrease. We are then able to use the existing plant recycled for materials should not go to landfill, but to produce district cooling. rather should go to waste incineration. The waste is We can offer local solutions for customers that processed and the energy in it is converted to district do not have access to our district cooling grid. For heating, electricity, district cooling and steam. example, cooling can be produced using district heat- We can even accept special types of waste, e.g. ing in what is known as an absorption refrigerator. confidential documents in the form of paper and DVDs, etc. as well as hazardous waste, e.g. hospital Steam waste. In Uppsala we also have a separate grid for steam for industrial premises. The steam is used in processes such as producing chemical reactions and sterilising.

4 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala Safety, Health and Environment 2014 Air emissions from facilities in Uppsala

Emission of carbon dioxide 1,000 tonnes Carbon dioxide that affects the climate t 800 e During 2014 our carbon dioxide emissions de- ter ed CHP e wast vert furbishmen creased compared with 2013, in part because it 700 arm win o mor o re t on coal o w was a warm year that did not require very much t ss oil, con t on peat Le nt t owing tt owing t peat to be used as fuel on cold days. Peat is 600 pla CHP plan t owing t CHP plan ess peaess pea mainly used during the winter. L L ess pea L of the CHP plan t The dotted line in the diagram shows our long- 500 en term plan for achieving carbon-neutral production t 400 by 2030. The measures mainly consist of an eased wood cont increased admixture of wood until such time as a Incr 300 new plant is commissioned around 2020 to replace our peat-fired CHP plant boiler. The fuel for the New biomass-fuelled plan 200 new CHP plant is based on renewable fuel such as wood chips and forest residues (branches and tops 100 from logging activities). We will also carry out a fuel

0 replacement for our hot water boiler, from peat to wood. 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 20302030 We are offering our customers the opportunity Fossil fuel + peat Fossil fuel (oil + plastic) Trend line to contribute to reduced CO emissions, in addition Projected development 2 to the budgeted decrease, by choosing our Carbon Emission of nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide Neutral Heating product and/or our Carbon Neutral tonnes Cooling product. Sale of these products reduced 1,600 carbon dioxide emissions by almost 11,000 tonnes 1,400 in 2014, compared to projections if no customers

1,200 had chosen this offer. You can read more about these products on page 6 and on our website. 1,000

800 Acidifying substances

600 Nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide account for the greatest part of our acidifying emissions, and 400 we are proud to announce that during 2014 we 200 reached an all-time low.

0 Dust 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 Dust emissions for 2014 were at the same low level Nitrogen dioxides Sulphur dioxide as in recent years. Historically the reduction from

Emission of dust 2005 onwards has been due to reduced peat-firing tonnes and increased waste incineration. The waste 80 incineration plant has the most extensive flue gas

70 cleaning of all our production plants. Waste is the fuel that contains the most heavy metals. It is 60 therefore important to achieve good performance 50 for this flue gas cleaning and the plant surpasses the current environmental demands by a good 40 margin, see page 16. 30

20

10

0

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

Safety, Health and Environment 2014 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala 5 Operations in Uppsala 100

100

80 Fuel Energy supplied This year we are reporting our carbon dioxide emissions 80 using two different systems, as previously in accordance 57% Waste (1,063 GWh) District heating (1,266 GWh) with the ETS emissions trading system and also in acc­ ordance with the Värmemarknadskommittén (Swedish 60 60 Heating Market Committee) (VMK). The latter report is presented in more detail on the Swedish District Heating Association website, www.svenskfjarrvarme.se. This 40 data includes not only carbon dioxide emissions from 40 22% Peat (411 GWh) the plant but also templates for the emissions of the greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide, converted into CO equivalents. An emissions factor has also 20 2 Process steam (92 GWh) been added for the electricity that is purchased for the 7% Wood (123 GWh) 20 plant. Emissions are distributed between district heating Electricity (net, 62 GWh) 2% Oil (42 GWh) District cooling (40 GWh) and electricity produced using what is known as the 5% Waste heat (63 GWh) 0 Alternative Production Method. In brief, this means that 0 7% Electricity (142 GWh) more emissions are credited to the electricity compared Efficiency: Deliveries of 15 GWh of cooling with the heat produced at the same time, as alternative 93 % Production were also supplied using ”island methods to generate electricity would require more fuel. 87% Distribution solutions”, i.e. independent of the Total efficiency 81% district cooling network. The Swedish District Heating Association uses higher templates for peat than what we use, which are checked The proportion of renewables in the fuel mix for district heat- in the system for emissions trading. ing is 69 % with peat counted as (slowly) renewable. If peat is not included it is 49 %. Waste is calculated here as 60 % We include emissions trading for carbon dioxide renewable in terms of energy, and the remainder is then non- Our plants are covered by the EU’s emissions trading renewable, i.e. plastic with fossil origins. scheme for carbon dioxide. For Sweden, waste incinera- tion plants are included in the trading period which began in 2013. Key figures for delivered district heating, kg/MWh = g/kWh We also offer Carbon Neutral Heating and Cooling 2014 2013 2012 2011 We offer larger customers a solution consisting of district heating and cooling from our waste incineration CO in accordance with ETS 197 226 206 223 2 plant in Uppsala that is compensated for carbon dioxide. District heating and cooling is carbon neutral as we CO in accordance with VMK 181 235 216 254 2 compensate for the proportion of the waste that is not NO 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.15 renewable, i.e. the fossil-based plastic in the waste. SO 0.17 0.21 0.14 0.22 We do this by increasing the amount of biomass in our 2 total fuel mix, over and above the amount that is already The emissions reported do not include the district heating and planned*. Our basic plan is to increase the proportion of district cooling volumes produced from waste that is covered by customer-specific agreements (Carbon Neutral Heating and biomass every year, and sales of Carbon Neutral Heating Cooling, respectively). and Cooling mean that the proportion of biomass is further increased. If customers choose Carbon Neutral Heating and/or Cooling they can join us in reducing carbon dioxide emissions even quicker than planned for Uppsala. See page 5.

* Compensation is limited to the carbon dioxide emissions directly associated with our district heating production.

6 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala Safety, Health and Environment 2014 Fuel mix in 2,500 2,000

Uppsala 1,500 Heat production 1,000

Electricity generation 500

Fuel supply and heat production and electricity generation in Uppsala GWh 0 198 0 198 1 198 2 198 3 198 4 198 5 198 6 198 7 198 8 198 9 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

2,500 Total: Oil Electricity Coal Peat Wood Waste Waste heat

2500 2,000

2000

2,500 1,500 Heat production 1500 Peat Coal 2,000 Oil 1000

Heat production 1,000 1,500 2500 Oil Coal Wood Peat Electricity 500

1,000 Ele Woo Waste heat d 2000 Waste heat 0 500 500 Waste Waste Electricity Electricitygenerat ion 1500

0 1000 0 198 0 198 1 198 2 198 3 198 4 198 5 198 6 198 7 198 8 198 9 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

500 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0 2500 Fuel supply Our mixture of fuels has changed over 2000 the years. We were entirely dependent Production in Uppsala GWh/month on oil in the early 1980s. Since then, oil 1500 has been actively replaced, mainly by 300 waste and peat. In the future, peat will 2500 1000 be replaced by wood around 2020. 250

2000 Uppsala’s heat requirements 200 500 govern production 1500 There is a big difference between 150 0 Uppsala’s heat requirements during 100 2500 1000 summer and winter and we adapt our production accordingly. The bar chart 50 2000 500 shows the usage of different plants

during a normal year. The waste 0 y v g 1500 0 incineration plant heats Uppsala b Jan Fe Mar Apr Ma Jun Jul Au Sep Oct No Dec throughout the year, but during the Waste incineration Combined power and heating plant, peat/wood Heat pumps 1000 winter the CHP plant is also needed. Hot water boiler, peat/wood Oil boilers 2500 500

2000 0 Safety, Health and Environment 2014 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala 7 1500

1000

500

0 Facilities in Uppsala

Distribution network District heating and district cooling are The CHP plant distributed to the heating and cooling Products: District heating and electricity. systems of properties in the form of hot Capacity and fuel: 235 MW heating and 120 MW elec- and cold water circulating in closed pipe tricity with 80 tonnes of peat/wood systems. Our district heating network briquettes per hour. Oil and coal are is 460 km long, and the district cooling used as back-up fuels. network is 14 km long. We also have a 7 km network for steam. Flue-gas cleaning: Sulphur – limestone additive in furnace and wet stage, before fabric filter. Nitrogen oxides – urea and ammonia injection and catalytic converters. Accumulators In order to meet the fluctuations in Dust – electro-filters and fabric filters. demand for district heating, there is a hot water accumulator inside the production area in Boländerna which holds 30,000 m3, providing 1,200 MWh Bolandverket of energy (100 MW) to the district heating network. Products: District heating and electricity. There is also an accumulator for the Capacity and fuel: Peat-fuelled hot-water furnace (HVC) district cooling network, which is 100 MW, electric furnace 10 and 50 MW located at Stallängsverket and is clearly (steam back-up), oil furnaces 4 x 75 MW visible from Kungsängsleden. It is (back-up). 3,000 m3, 30 MWh and can supply 10 MW. Flue-gas cleaning HVC: Sulphur – limestone additive in furnace. Nitrogen oxides – urea injection. Waste incineration Dust – electro-filters and fabric filters. Products: District heating, electricity, steam and district cooling. Capacity and fuel: Total of 170 MW heat + 10 MW elec­ Husbyborg unit Peak load and production back-up. tricity + 11 MW cooling, with 55 tonnes Product: District heating. of waste per hour. Capacity and fuel: Oil-fuelled hot-water furnaces Flue-gas cleaning: Nitrogen oxides – urea and ammonia 3 x 50 MW. injection and catalytic converters. Dust – electro-filters and fabric filters. Sulphur and hydrochloric acid cleaning – flue gas scrubber/condensation with Stallängsverket Heat pump facility located at Uppsala’s energy recovery and fabric filter with sewage works. limestone additive. Products: District heating and district cooling. Organic substances – fabric filters with Capacity: 3 x 15 MW heating and 3 x 8 MW active charcoal. cooling from electricity and waste heat. Cleaning of flue gas condensate through limestone additive and complexing agent for heavy metals, then precipitation stage plus sand and Cooling plant Located at Ultuna Campus. charcoal filters. Ultuna Product: District cooling. Capacity: District heat-driven absorption refrig- eration 1.5 MW, cooling tower 1 MW, Gas turbine Backup for electricity generation. compression refrigerating machines Product: Electricity for starting the CHP plant 1.3 MW. in the case of electrical power cut. Capacity and fuel: 16 MW electricity, light oil.

Flue-gas cleaning: Additive in the oil results in less particle Cooling plant Located at formation through more complete Ångström Ångström laboratory. combustion. Product: District cooling. Capacity: District heat-driven absorption refrig- eration 2.5 MW, cooling tower 2.7 MW, compression refrigerating machines 8 MW.

8 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala Safety, Health and Environment 2014 Knivsta – almost exclusively carbon neutral heating

In Knivsta, south of Uppsala, we supply district heating Key fi gures for delivered district heating, kg/MWh = g/kWh produced from biomass using our heating plant and 2014 2013 2012 2011 district heating distribution network. The heating plant has two biomass-fuelled furnaces of 8 and 15 MW CO in accordance with ETS 5 15 7 12 2 respectively, and oil furnaces for back-up and peak load. CO in accordance with VMK 18 – – – 2 The fuel that is used is wood chips, bark and forest resi- NO 0.34 0.37 0.42 0.41 dues (branches and tops) from the forestry industry as SO 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.10 well as other suppliers. An impressive 96 % of the fuel for 2 the plant is biomass, which means that district heating in Knivsta is largely carbon-neutral. Knivsta has had district This year we are reporting our carbon dioxide emissions heating since 1976, and we have about 700 customers using two diff erent systems, as previously in accord- here. Our customers include both large buildings – such ance with the ETS emissions trading system and also in as schools and blocks of fl ats – and small buildings, such accordance with the Värmemarknadskommittén (Swedish as single-family homes. Heating Market Committee) (VMK). The latter report is presented in more detail on the Swedish District Heating Fuel Energy supplied Association website, www.svenskfjarrvarme.se. This data 100 100 includes not only carbon dioxide emissions from the plant 96% Biomass (64.3 GWh) District heating (44.1 GWh) but also templates for the emissions of the greenhouse gases, methane and nitrous oxide, converted into CO 80 2 80 100 equivalents. An emissions factor has also been added for the electricity that is purchased for the plant. 60 60 The plant in Knivsta

40 Solid fuel furnaces 40 80 Product: District heating 20 Capacity and fuel: 8+15 MW wood chips, forest residues and bark 20 3% Electricity for pumps and Flue-gas cleaning: Dust – electro-fi lters fans, etc. (2.0 GWh) 0 1% Oil (0.8 GWh) Effi ciency: Oil boilers Peak load and production 81.1% Production back-up 0 6080.5% Distribution Product: District heating Heat loss arises during both production and distribution. Smaller district Capacity and fuel: 14 MW light oil heating networks and networks with many single family home customers have lower effi ciency than larger distribution networks.

Safety, Health and Environment 2014 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala 9 40

20

0 Operations in Storvreta – no oil in 2014

In Storvreta north of Uppsala, we supplied heating generated from wood as fuel in 2014. No oil was needed.

Key fi gures for delivered district heating, kg/MWh = g/kWh

2014 2013 2012 2011

CO in accordance with ETS 0 12 13 16 2 CO in accordance with VMK 9 – – – 2 NO 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 SO <0.003 <0.003 0.004 0.005 2

The heating plant has two 2 MW furnaces fuelled with This year we are reporting our carbon dioxide emissions using biomass fuel and an oil furnace in Ärentuna school for two diff erent systems, as previously in accordance with the back-up and peak load. Wood pellets are used as fuel, ETS emissions trading system and also in accordance with with light oil for backup and peak loads. A large water- the Värmemarknadskommittén (Swedish Heating Market fi lled underground rock cavity is used for heat storage Committee) (VMK). The latter report is presented in more and can deliver 8 MW. detail on the Swedish District Heating Association website, www.svensk fjarrvarme.se. This data includes not only carbon dioxide emissions from the plant but also templates for the emissions of the greenhouse gases, methane and nitrous oxide, Fuel Energy supplied converted into CO equivalents. An emissions factor has also 2 100 100 been added for the electricity that is purchased for the plant. 99% Biomass (21 GWh) District heating (13.6 GWh) 0% Oil Facilities in Storvreta 80 80 Solid fuel furnaces Product: District heating 60 60 Capacity and fuel: 2 x 2 MW wood pellets Flue-gas cleaning: Dust – cyclones 40 Rock cavity Large rock cavity for storage 40 of hot water Capacity: 2 x 4 MW storage volume 20 100,000 m3 (can store 5 GWh heat) 20 Ärentuna school Peak load and production 0 back-up 1% Electricity for pumps and Effi ciency: Product: District heating fans, etc., (0.2 GWh) 85% Production including 0 rock cavity storage Capacity and fuel: 4 MW light oil 75% Distribution

10 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala Safety, Health and Environment 2014 Fuel and ash

Fuel in Uppsala hazardous waste, such as acids, which constitutes a The waste is composed of 50per cent household waste kind of recycling. and 50per cent industrial waste. The majority of the There are also wet cleaning stages for the flue gases. waste comes from Uppland, Södermanland and The water from these cleaning stages is treated in Västmanland, but around 17 per cent is imported from a process which includes the addition of an organic Great Britain, Ireland, Norway and Åland. sulphide, which binds heavy metals. The impurities are The peat comes in the form of briquettes from precipitated as a sludge, which is sent to a hazardous Härjedalen and Belarus. The peat fuel is mixed with waste deposit site. wood pellets and wood briquettes. This means that the heavy metals that make their way Coal and oil act as back-up fuels in case of delivery into the installation via waste are removed from circula- problems with the normal fuel or unavailability in the tion in society. ordinary installations. Oil may also be needed for In order for the quantity of heavy metals in waste to be peak load during the very coldest winter days. reduced, products must be manufactured without them, or those who use items such as batteries and low-energy More than one kind of ash bulbs must recycle them carefully, so that they are not Ash from waste incineration disposed of with combustible waste. Waste incineration produces two different types of ash, as well as sludge from water treatment. The first type of Ash from peat-burning ash is bottom ash from the furnaces, also called slag. Peat produces ash that is ideal for constructing roads The metals in the slag are sorted out and sent for and other surfaces. We have forest roads in Uppsala and recycling. The remaining ash is sorted into two different a jogging circuit in Storvreta where peat ash is used as sizes. The fine fraction is used as a sealant and the construction material. The approach ramp in Librobäck’s coarse fraction is used as a drainage layer when covering recycling station is made of peat ash. There are also pro- landfills. jects where the peat ash replaces cement, which saves The other type of ash is fly ash from the flue-gas one kilo of carbon dioxide emissions per kilo of replaced cleaning. This ash contains material separated from the cement. One of the reasons that ashes from peat can be flue gases and is not suitable for roads, etc. Instead, it is used in this way is because lime is added in the combus- handled at a waste site for hazardous waste or treated tion process in order to bind sulphur. The lime content in at Langöya in Norway, where it is used to neutralise other the ash makes it hard, but simultaneously light.

Safety, Health and Environment 2014 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala 11 Treated amount of household waste

Household waste in Sweden 1975–2011* Total amounts (tonnes) 3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Incineration with energy recovery Recycling of material Biological treatment Landfills

* www.avfallsverige.se

Treated amount of household waste

Household waste in Sweden 1975–2013* Total amounts (thousand tonnes) 3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Incineration with energy recovery Recycling of materials Biological treatment Landfills

* www.avfallsverige.se

District heating in Sweden

Over half of all homes and properties recovery made it possible to reduce the proportion of are heated using district heating. waste sent to landfi ll to 0.7 per cent in 2013. More information about Swedish waste management: www.avfallsverige.se District heating is supplied to 270 of Sweden’s 290 municipalities and accounts for half of all heating of Peat as fuel dwellings and other buildings, about 50 TWh per year. A quarter of Sweden’s surface area consists of peat District heating is the main reason why Sweden has (bogs and marshes). Peat is used both for soil improve- succeeded in reducing its emissions of greenhouse ment and as a fuel. The annual harvest is less than 25% gases. District heating has doubled in Sweden since of annual growth in Sweden. Between 0.1% and 0.2 % of 1982, and in the same period, oil in the district heating the peatlands are used. The Intergovernmental Panel on system has been replaced by wood, peat and waste. Climate Change (IPCC) places peat in a category of its Uppsala’s modifi ed fuel consumption is shown on page 7. own: neither fossil, like oil or coal, nor biomass, like wood. For more information about district heating: Peat is part of the European system for carbon dioxide www.svenskfjarrvarme.se trade, but in Sweden it is approved for a green electric- ity certifi cate, and is not subject to carbon dioxide tax. Waste as fuel Until a common position is adopted as to peat’s possible The graph above from the Swedish Waste Management climate impact, we will report carbon dioxide emissions and Recycling Association shows how the treatment of both with and without contributions from peat household waste has developed in recent years. The (see page 5). total volume of household waste is 4.4 million tonnes, or For more information about peat: around 460 kg per person per year. Increased recycling, www.torvproducenterna.se biological treatment and waste incineration with energy

12 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala Safety, Health and Environment 2014 We are working 70towards improved health 60and safety 50

40

30

”Our goal is that all of our internal In 2014 we also continued to work on the ’Safe Stop’ 20 and external employees work in a 20project, the aim of which is to reinforce the culture of safety and prevent accidents during maintenance work. safe, healthy and motivating envi- 10 ronment. Our long-term goal is for 0 zero injuries and no work related 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 ill-health.” Number of reported accidents/injuries and incidents in Uppsala Safety is one of our core values – read our entire work Number environment policy in Vattenfall’s Code of Conduct, available 70 at www.vattenfall.se. Vattenfall also has a ’Code of Conduct for Suppliers’ available on our website. accidents incidents 60 We are working persistently to reduce risks associated with working at heights, with mobile parts of machinery, 50 electricity and steam, as well as to prevent fi res and explosions. As some of our activities take place in environments where there is a lot of traffi c, we are also 40 working actively to reduce the risks through, for example, diversions and hi-visibility clothing. 30 For several years we have been spared serious acci- dents (death or severe disability) and fortunately the trend 20 continued during 2014 as well. No accidents resulted in sick leave. To identify risks and enable us to take preventive 10 measures, we use for instance incident reporting contain- ing information on ’near accidents’. There are considerably 0 more incidents than accidents, which enables us to 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 institute preventive measures, thereby preventing future It is important that a high number of near-accident reports accidents. Besides incident reports we have other impor- are submitted so we are able to prevent actual accidents. tant tools to identify risks, for example risk assessments, The statistics include accidents with and without sick leave work environment inspections and internal audits. for employees and contractors.

Safety, Health and Environment 2014 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala 13 We are aiming at reducing our impact on the environment

In order to reduce our environmen- consumption. Electricity consumption for compressed air has been cut in half thanks to new, efficient tal impact, we are working on what compressors, reduced pressure in the system and the we have identified as our significant elimination of leaks. Efforts are being made to reduce the internal consumption of electricity, see page 17. environmental aspects.* Core indi- For Knivsta we use about 2.0 GWh of electricity cators for our environmental impact (36 kWh/produced MWh), and for Storvreta we use 0.19 GWh (10 kWh/MWh), which is comparable to the are given partly as total consump- previous year. tion and partly as consumption per Electricity consumption Heat Uppsala kWh supplied. (kWh/produced MWh)

Climate impact 55 See diagram on page 5 for emissions of carbon dioxide and page 6 for emissions per supplied district 50 heating. Uppsala also has emissions of other green- house gases. Nitrous oxide emissions (N2O) amount 45 to some 12 tonnes per year, which with a conversion factor of 290 contributes less than 1% compared with 40 carbon dioxide emissions We also use the coolant R134a which normally contributes less than one per 35

cent compared with carbon dioxide emissions despite 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 the large conversion factor of 1,430. Electricity consumption is lower than in previous years, Acidifying emissions with the exception of cold years like 2010 when electricity See diagram on page 5 for emissions of substances consumption was lower per produced MWh since idling that produce acidification such as nitrogen oxides consumption is shared across a large production volume. and sulphur dioxide, and page 6 for emissions per district heating supplied. Nitrogen dioxide emissions The customer’s energy use also affects the for the Uppsala plants are below the average for environment Our customers’ energy consumption affects society’s Sweden in the nitrogen oxide fee system. More use of resources and the degree of emissions. information about the nitrogen oxide fee is available Examples of how we contribute to our customers’ at the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency’s good energy housekeeping are outlined below: website, www.naturvardsverket.se - By providing free energy statistics via www.vattenfall. Energy efficiency se/mina-sidor for all of our customers, it is possible for them to track trends and changes. Total energy turnover Our total energy turnover can be seen on pages 6, 9 - Breaking the charge into an effect portion and an and 10. It shows the degree of efficiency from fuel to energy portion will encourage an effect reduction. delivery to the customer. We are working systemati- The need for heat is then reduced even during the cally on increasing energy efficiency, for example coldest winter days, and oil can be used for peak through new insulation for the accumulator tank, loads. which resulted in major heat savings. - Flow charges benefit larger customers if their district heating units are more efficient than the norm. - We recommend different types of energy optimisation Internal electricity consumption For Uppsala we use about 75.6 GWh of electricity adapted to the customer’s situation. We have skills, (45 kWh/produced MWh) per year for pumps, fans expertise and experience to offer, such as service and and other equipment, which is lower than the previous heat exchanger replacement, to help customers achieve year and continues the trend of reduced electricity a high degree of efficiency in their heating system.

* Contact us for more information about our assessment. See the back page for contact details.

14 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala Safety, Health and Environment 2014 Resource effi ciency Biodiversity Our fuel consumption in Uppsala has refuse as a basis, Fuel suppliers can aff ect the environment and the which is a waste resource and thereby resource-effi cient work environment in diff erent countries. Oil extrac- to use instead of other fuels. All our fuel consumption is tion has an environmental impact and there is a risk of shown on Page 6. oil spills in connection with transporting oil. Both the environment and the work environment are important when cutting peat. We have visited both our Swedish Use of fi nite resources – coal and oil Coal is now only used as a back-up fuel, and oil for and our Belarusian suppliers to ensure that the condi- very cold weather and in case of interruptions in tions are good enough. We are also following develop- production. The proportion of oil in our fuel mix is ments around sustainability criteria for biomass fuels. around 2 per cent in Uppsala, 1 per cent in Knivsta Risk of environmental accidents and 0 per cent in Storvreta. Instituting preventive measures against accidents such Water as oil spills and fi res is an important part of our work. For the Uppsala plant we used 491,000 m3 of water We do this through, for example, maintenance, inspec- in 2014 (290 litres per delivered MWh), which is less tions, risk analyses and deviation reports. No major than for 2013. For Knivsta we used 3,800 m3 of water accidents occurred during 2014. (70 litres/MWh), which was less than for 2013. For Storvreta we used 1,900 m3 (100 litres/MWh), which Risk of disturbances in the local environment was also less than for 2013. We prevent disturbances in the local environment, such Waste as dust from peat and ash, by handing fuels and ashes Scrap metal is sorted from the slag from incinerated indoors as far as possible. Disturbances can also arise waste and recycled. Peat ash is recycled for road from the odour of waste that is used as a fuel. construction. We prevent this by working proactively in planning deliveries, waste inspections and controlling air fl ows in Fly ash and sludge from waste incineration connection with waste treatment. Each year about 10,000 tonnes of fl y ash and sludge One complaint was submitted in 2014 regarding the are produced from waste incineration. This is about smell from our operations in Boländerna. The cause was 5 kg per MWh delivered, and does not change from fi re-damaged and damp peat which gave off an acidic year to year. smell during a period while it was being ground prior to The content of metal in the waste determines the combustion. amount of metal in the ash from waste incineration. The mercury content in the waste dropped signifi cantly during the 1990s. Cadmium and lead levels remain unchanged, with no reduction. An organic sulphide is added and it binds metals ”An important part of Vattenfall’s vision is to be such as mercury and cadmium. The sludge is separated one of the companies that are leading develop- through the waste incineration’s water purifi cation ments towards environmentally sustainable treatment. energy production.” The sludge and fl y ash are considered hazardous waste and treated according to current regulations, Read our environmental policy at corporate. which means that leaching from landfi lls is minimal. vattenfall.se/hallbarhet/miljofragor-och- Good incineration reduces the content of organic vattenfalls-verksamhet matter in fl y ash and sludge.

Safety, Health and Environment 2014 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala 15 Emissions and environmental permits

A selection of substances and conditions that are of interest from an environmental point of view are presented below.

Air emissions from waste incineration Emission permit Results 2014 Annual average Dust, mg/m3 as mean daily average, 10 No days over 10 0.18 measured continuously

Mercury, μg/m3, measured twice per year 25 0.01–0.1

Dioxins, μg/m3, measured twice per year 0.1 <0.002 Some values under the detection limit

Total organic coal, mg/m3, as daily average, 10 No days over 10 0.62 measured continuously

Dust is interesting from an environmental perspective as it Explanation can contain both heavy metals and hydrocarbon (unburned). mg milligram thousandth of a gram It is consequently important to keep dust emissions down. µg microgram millionth of a gram However, mercury is a heavy metal that is not usually ng nanogram billionth of a gram carried in dust and is therefore reported separately.

Water emissions from waste incineration Emission permit Results 2014 Mercury kg per year, limit value, 0.5 <0.03 Some values under continuous measurement the detection limit Lead kg per year, limit value, 12.5 2.0 continuous measurement Cadmium kg per year, limit value, 0.75 0.27 continuous measurement Dioxins ng/l, measured twice per year, 0.1 < 0.005 Some values under target value the detection limit

During the year a limited number of operational burners and optimisation of the feeder function. interruptions occurred, and these were reported to A full report on emissions and environmental permits the environmental authority. Measures were taken can be found in our environmental report to the to reduce the risk of new operational interruptions, authorities, which is available from Vattenfall Heat for example through the installation of back-up oil Uppsala.

16 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala Safety, Health and Environment 2014 The green housing company

Uppsalahem is Uppsala’s leading housing company and ”Another important aspect its goal is to make Uppsala a greener city in terms of for Uppsalahem is the high energy and the environment. security of supply from district heating, enabling us ”As Uppsala’s greenest housing company, we want to to provide heat and hot water promote a good environment in many diff erent ways. An 24 hours a day, every day of important choice for us is district heating from Vattenfall. the year, without interruption This is in part because Vattenfall has concrete plans to to our 30,000 customers decrease its CO emissions, but also because it already throughout Uppsala.” 2 off ers a CO neutral district heating product, which we have 2 opted to purchase for all of our newly constructed resi- Fredrik Holm, dences,” says Fredrik Holm. Head of Business Development Head of Business Development at Uppsalahem

Our objectives within safety, health and the environment

Targets Outcome 2014 Current and future work

Work environment and health

The relationship between incident reports and The target was met, the relationship was 10. The goal for production and maintenance in 2015 accidents should be at least 8 for production is at least eight preventive reports per accident and maintenance. for inhouse staff and at least six for contractors.

For distribution operations, incident reporting The goal was met, near-accident reporting The goal for production and maintenance in 2015 must increase compared to 2012. increased in 2014 compared to 2012 and is at least eight preventive reports per accident 2013. for inhouse staff and at least six for contractors.

Reduced climate impact

Reduced impact on the climate via at least 12% The wood admixture was 17% plus an At least 13 % wood admixture in 2015 plus sale wood admixture in the peat, in addition to the additional 6% via Carbon Neutral Heating of Carbon Neutral Heating and Cooling. wood admixture used for the Carbon Neutral and Cooling. Heating and Cooling.

A project is underway for a new wood-fi red Work on the new CHP plant continued During 2015 work continues on both the HVC CHP plant around 2020, as well as a change during 2014. boiler and the CHP plant. from peat to wood in the HVC boiler, which will together halve CO emissions. 2

Reduced internal electricity consumption in Electricity consumption fell to 44.9 kWh per Work continues in 2015 to achieve more effi cient 2014 compared to 2013. produced MWh compared to 45.3 for 2013 consumption of energy internally, including (the 2013 values have been adjusted). measures to reduce steam consumption.

Increased resource effi ciency through the An application has been submitted to This work continues during 2015 and the Swedish investigation of opportunities to improve the continue the previous full scale leaching Energy Agency has granted project funds. quality of the waste slag. tests.

Safety, Health and Environment 2014 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala 17 In this way we comply with Swedish environmental objectives

Reduced Climate Impact calculated as nitrogen, which constitutes one per cent of Uppsala City Council’s objective is to decrease emissions the total nitrogen emissions into the Fyris River. of greenhouse gases per inhabitant by 50 per cent by 2020 compared with the level in 1990. Good urban environment Vattenfall Heat Uppsala has reduced carbon dioxide District heating allows cities and urban areas to provide emissions by 33 per cent compared with 1990. Carbon a good and healthy lifestyle environment and also dioxide emissions will be further reduced through our contribute to a good regional and global environment. project of replacing peat with wood primarily when the In order for the buildings at our new CHP plant to be CHP plant is replaced with a new plant around 2020. optimally designed for their surroundings in Boländerna, We are participating in the Uppsala Climate Protocol, an architectural competition was announced. Such a tall which is a collaborative project started by the Uppsala building cannot be hidden, but must instead be designed municipality for reduced climate impact. as a landmark, in the same way as was done with waste incineration Block 5. Fresh air The County Administrative Board has stated that the Air emissions – mercury greatest source of particle and nitrogen oxide emissions kg/year in Uppsala county is from traffic. Our contribution to inner city air particles is at most 0.004 μg/m3 600 of the environmental quality standard 50 per day. For nitrogen oxides, our contribution to inner city air is 500 at most 1.5 μg/m3 of the environmental quality standard 90, per hour. 400

Only natural acidification 300 Our emissions from acidifying substances have dropped considerably over the years; see the graphs concerning 200 acidifying substances on page 5. 100 A Non-Toxic Environment Our air emissions of mercury and dioxins have been 0 dramatically reduced since the 1980s, see the diagrams to the right. Our water emissions contribute only a limited 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 amount to the transport of heavy metals in the Fyris River. Our water emissions from the waste incineration’s Air emissions – dioxins flue gas condensation are reported on page 16. g/year15

No eutrophication 12 The Fyris River has a modest ecological status as per the Swedish Water Framework Directive, which is due to 9 the transportation of nitrogen and phosphorous, primarily from agriculture but also from large and small waste water treatment plants. 6 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala’s total emissions of nitrogenous substances have been reduced over the years as men- 3 tioned above, and are primarily in the form of airborne nitrogen oxides; around 50 tonnes per year calculated 0 as nitrogen, or 4 per cent of the county’s emissions. Water emissions are around five tonnes per year 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014

18 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala Safety, Health and Environment 2014 In this way we comply with Environmental terms Swedish environmental objectives

Sulphur, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride and ammonia to balance between the climatic impact from peat usage These substances cause acidification. It leads to and its combustion. nutrients leaching out of the ground and metals being released that are normally bound. Dioxin Sulphur emissions have decreased throughout the Dioxins are a group of over 200 different chlorinated entire country, thanks to reduced use of coal and hydrocarbons. Some of the variants are highly toxic. In oil. Nitrogen oxides are formed in connection with all principle, dioxin arises in connection with all combustion, combustion and affect the environment in four differ- where landfill fires are the worst. A single short-lived ent ways as they lead to acidification, eutrophication, fire at a landfill site produces more emissions of dioxin intensification of the greenhouse effect and formation into the air than Heat Uppsala’s waste incineration plant of ground level ozone. Hydrogen chloride is a corrosive does in ten years, which is one of the reasons why there gas and together with water it forms hydrochloric acid, is a ban on dumping combustible waste in landfills. which is acidifying. Ordinary salts can form hydrogen chloride in conjunction with waste incineration Hydrogen Heavy metals chloride is removed from flue gas through condensing. The heavy metals that have the most effect on the Ammonia also appears to be acidifying as it easily forms environment are mercury, lead and cadmium. They are ammonium ions, which are weak acids. naturally present in all animals and plants, but only in small quantities. If their content increases unnaturally, Dust these heavy metals are highly powerful environmental Dust is particles of ash that are released into the air toxins. In Sweden, emissions of many heavy metals have from industries and cars. The dust can contain heavy declined substantially in recent years, thanks to new metals and hydrocarbon. We clean the flue gases of processing techniques, better cleaning techniques, dust using electrofilters and fabric filters. The dust from a ban on mercury, increased collection of batteries and waste incineration (fly ash) is hazardous waste. Fly ash a ban on lead in petrol. from peat and wood contains only low levels of pollut- The major sources of emissions of mercury are crema- ants and can be used, for example, in road building and toriums and chlor-alkali industries. For cadmium it is the as a substitute for cement. metal industries. Waste incineration in Sweden accounts for less than one per cent of the total air emissions of Carbon dioxide heavy metals. Carbon dioxide is a gas that is found naturally in the air and is one of the most important substances in photosynthesis. However, a distinction is made between More information the amount of carbon dioxide that is part of the natural • The industry association Swedish Waste Manage- cycle, and the surplus that arises through use of fossil ment has information about waste handling: fuels. This surplus intensifies the greenhouse effect. www.avfallsverige.se The increase that disturbs the balance is caused chiefly • Swedish district heating: www.svenskfjarrvarme.se by traffic and burning of fossil fuels such as oil and coal. • Swedish peat production: www.torvproducenterna.se On the other hand, the amount of carbon dioxide that • The Swedish Energy Authority has statistics on arises when biomass fuels are used is absorbed again energy use in Sweden and information about energy by plants. Opinion is divided on whether peat should be and energy efficiency: www.energimyndigheten.se regarded as a biomass fuel (slowly renewable) or not. • Energy advice and environmental programmes, The annual growth of peat in Sweden is greater than its Uppsala Municipality www.uppsala.se and Uppsala removal, but the peat used can be thousands of years Municipality’s Climate Protocol. old. Peat moss emits carbon dioxide if there is a supply • Follow-up of Sweden’s environmental objectives is of air in the peat layers (aerobic conditions). If there is available at www.miljomal.nu no supply of air (anaerobic conditions), methane gas For more information about Vattenfall, you can visit is produced, which is a stronger greenhouse gas than our website: www.vattenfall.se carbon dioxide. It is therefore a fairly difficult equation

Safety, Health and Environment 2014 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala 19 Heat Uppsala is a business unit in Vattenfall AB. Our major district heating District heating is the largest part of our business plants in Sweden, including subsidiaries 1 and our customers are real estate companies, hous- Volume of heat: 4,000 GWh ing associations, home owners, industrial and public Volume of electricity: 380 GWh Haparanda facilities, such as schools, swimming pools and libraries. Turnover: MSEK 3,0002 The business covers the entire value chain: generation, Employees: 400 distribution and sales. We also offer district cooling and steam, with the latter being used in industrial processes. Producing electricity and heat simultaneously delivers a high level of efficiency. Uppsala has Vattenfall’s largest plant for district heating in Sweden. Ludvika Fagersta Uppsala Southern Greater Stockholm Motala Vänersborg Nyköping Visby

If you have questions please contact us: Vattenfall Heat Uppsala

Customer enquiries: Vattenfall Customer Service PO Box 13 SE-880 30 Näsåker, Sweden Telephone: +46 (0)20 82 00 00 Email: [email protected] www.vattenfall.se/uppsala

Visit: Vattenfall Heat Uppsala Bolandsgatan 13 [email protected]

1. Västerbergslagens Energi AB (VB Energi), Gotlands Energi AB (Geab), and Haparanda Värmeverk.

2. This information includes revenues from energy sales (electricity, heating, cool-

ing and steam), and certain other revenues, primarily waste and back-up power. 2015. Blomquist & Co. September