AAH CASS Learning from the Other Australian and Chinese Perspectives on Philosophy Editor John Makeham PAPERS FROM SYMPOSIA HELD IN 2014 AND 2015, CO-SPONSORED BY THE AUSTRALIAN ACADEMY OF THE HUMANITIES AND THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES © Australian Academy of the Humanities 2016 3 Liversidge Street Acton ACT 2601 Ph: (+612) 6125 9860 Fax: (+612) 6125 9142 ISBN 978-0-909897-75-8 (electronic) Suggested citation: Australian Academy of the Humanities (2016) Learning from the Other: Australian and Chinese Perspectives on Philosophy, ed. by John Makeham. Papers from symposia held in 2014 and 2015, co-sponsored by the Australian Academy of the Humanities and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (Canberra: Australian Academy of the Humanities). AAH CASS Learning from the Other Australian and Chinese Perspectives on Philosophy Editor John Makeham PAPERS FROM SYMPOSIA HELD IN 2014 AND 2015, CO-SPONSORED BY THE AUSTRALIAN ACADEMY OF THE HUMANITIES AND THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Contributors Shirley Chan ⏴ Alan Hájek ⏴ Wang Keping Norva Y. S. Lo ⏴ John Makeham ⏴ Freya Mathews Wang Qi ⏴ Koji Tanaka ⏴ Zhang Zhiqiang AAH CASS Contents Contributors vii 1 Introduction JOHN MAKEHAM 9 In Praise of Philosophy ALAN HÁJEK 15 Do the Deepest Roots of a Future Ecological Civilization Lie in Chinese Soil? FREYA MATHEWS 27 Kierkegaard’s Christian Philosophy and Its Enlightenment WANG QI 王齐 35 The Confucian Virtue of Ren in Social Relationships WANG KEPING 王柯平 51 Human Chauvinism and Divine Reason (大人类主义及神聖的理性) NORVA Y. S. LO 勞若詩 59 Ways of Doing Cross-Cultural Philosophy KOJI TANAKA 67 Modernisation and “Integrated Buddhism”: The Buddhist Reforms of Ouyang Jingwu and Taixu ZHANG ZHIQIANG 張志強 81 From Cosmology to Humanity: A Perspective from the Recovered Bamboo Manuscripts in China SHIRLEY CHAN 陳慧 91 Efficient Governance through Synthetic Transformation WANG KEPING 王柯平 Learning from the Other: Australian and Chinese Perspectives on Philosophy v AAH CASS Contributors Shirley Chan 陳慧 is Associate Professor and Head of Chinese Studies, Department of International Studies and a member of the Macquarie University Ancient Cultures Research Centre. She did her PhD on Confucianism at the University of Sydney. Her research focuses on traditional Chinese culture, Chinese philosophy, Chinese textual studies and intellectual history, and the excavated Chu bamboo manuscripts dated to the fourth century BCE. Alan Hájek faha is Professor of Philosophy, Research School of Social Sciences, The Australian National University. His initial training was in mathematics and statistics. He received a BSc (Hons) from The University of Melbourne in 1982, winning the Dwight Prize for Statistics. He received an MA in Philosophy from the University of Western Ontario in 1986. He gained his PhD in Philosophy from Princeton University in 1993, and was awarded the Porter Ogden Jacobus fellowship. In 1992 he joined the faculty at the California Institute of Technology, and he became Associate Professor of Philosophy in 1995. Since 2005 he has been Professor of Philosophy at the Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, and since 2013 the Head of the School of Philosophy. He works mainly in the philosophical foundations of probability, formal epistemology, decision theory, philosophy of science, metaphilosophy, philosophical logic, and philosophy of religion. Norva Yeuk Sze Lo 勞若詩 frsa is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy, Department of Politics and Philosophy, La Trobe University. She researches in the areas of moral philosophy, David Hume, environmental philosophy, and also teaches logic and critical thinking. She publishes in the name of “Y. S. Lo”. Some recent publications include Understanding Environmental Philosophy (Acumen, 2010), and chapters in Learning from the Other: Australian and Chinese Perspectives on Philosophy vii Hume on Motivation and Virtue (Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), The Routledge Companion to Ethics (Routledge, 2010), Perspectives on Human Suffering (Springer 2012), and The Handbook of Global Ethics (Acumen, 2013). She is also the co-author of contributors “Environmental Ethics” in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. John Makeham faha is Chair and Director of the China Studies Research Centre at La Trobe University. He has research interests in the intellectual history of Chinese philosophy of all periods. He has a particular interest in Confucian thought and, in more recent years, in the influence of Sinitic Buddhist thought on pre-modern and modern Confucian philosophy. He is editor of the monograph series Modern Chinese Philosophy (Brill). Freya Mathews faha is Adjunct Professor of Environmental Philosophy at La Trobe University. Her books include The Ecological Self (1991), Ecology and Democracy (editor) (1996), For Love of Matter: A Contemporary Panpsychism (2003), Journey to the Source of the Merri (2003), Reinhabiting Reality: Towards a Recovery of Culture (2005), Without Animals Life is not Worth Living (2016) and Ardea: A Philosophical Novella (2016). She is the author of over seventy articles in the area of ecological philosophy. Her current special interests are in ecological civilization; indigenous (Australian and Chinese) perspectives on “sustainability” and how these perspectives may be adapted to the context of contemporary global society; panpsychism and critique of the metaphysics of modernity; ecology and religion; and wildlife ethics and rewilding in the context of the Anthropocene. In addition to her research activities she manages a private biodiversity reserve in northern Victoria. Koji Tanaka is Lecturer in the School of Philosophy, Research School of Social Sciences, The Australian National University. His research focuses on logic, history and philosophy of logic, philosophy of language, Buddhist philosophy, classical Chinese philosophy and Japanese philosophy. Wang Keping 王柯平 is a Professorial Research Fellow in the Institute of Philosophy, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), and Professor at Beijing Foreign Studies University. Formerly he was a visiting fellow at St. Anne’s College in the University of Oxford (2000), a visiting professor at the School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry at The University of Sydney, and Vice-President of the International Society for Universal Dialogue (ISUD). Currently he is the Deputy at Large of the International Association of Aesthetics (IAA), an honorary member of the Olympic Center for Philosophy and Culture under the University of Athens (since 2007), and Vice Chairman of Chinese Society for Foreign Literary Studies and Comparative Poetics. His main academic interests are in aesthetics and ancient philosophy. His main publications in English include the Rediscovery of Sino- Hellenic Ideas (2016), Reading the Dao: A Thematic Inquiry (2011); Chinese Way of Thinking (2009); Spirit of Chinese Poetics (2008); Ethos of Chinese Culture (2007); and The Classic of the Dao: A New Investigation (1998). His main publications in Chinese viii Australian Academy of the Humanities & Chinese Academy of Social Sciences contributors include Plato’s Moral Poetics in the Laws (2015); Plato’s Poetics in the Republic (2005); and Aesthetics in Traveling (2007), among others. Wang Qi 王齐 is a Professorial Research Fellow in the Institute of Philosophy, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. She holds a BA in Chinese Language and Literature (1990) and an MA in Aesthetics (1993) from Northwestern University in Xi’an, and PhD in Western Philosophy from the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (1996). She was Postdoctoral Fellow at Kierkegaard Research Center at Copenhagen University during 1999–2001. She was recruited by the Institute of Philosophy at CASS in 1996, and become Research Professor in 2012. Her main academic interests are Kierkegaard studies, Existentialism, History of Medieval Philosophy, as well as Philosophy of Religion. She has published two books and more than 20 papers, and since 2013 has been responsible for a 10-volume anthology of Kierkegaard’s works and a translation of Kierkegaard’s Philosophiske Smuler directly from Danish. Zhang Zhiqiang 张志强 is a Professorial Research Fellow in the Institute of Philosophy, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. He received an MA in 1993 and a PhD in 1997 in philosophy from Peking University. He is also Chair of the Editorial Board of the journal History of Chinese Philosophy. His research mainly focuses on the Ming & Qing academic history, Consciousness-only Theory (唯识学), and Buddhism. Learning from the Other: Australian and Chinese Perspectives on Philosophy ix AAH CASS Introduction John Makeham LA TROBE UNIVERSITY earning from the Other: Australian and Chinese Perspectives on Philosophy Lconsists of a selection of nine papers drawn from two symposia on philosophy co-sponsored by the Australian Academy of the Humanities (AAH) and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS). From 18–20 June 2014, Professor Alan Hájek FAHA and I led a delegation of Australian philosophers to Beijing to participate in a symposium on “Philosophy and Contemporary Society” hosted by the Institute of Philosophy, CASS. Nine papers were presented at the Beijing symposium: • Professor Zhang Zhiqiang, CASS, “A Study on New Directions in Research on Chinese Philosophy” (in Chinese) • Professor John Makeham faha, The Australian National University, “New Views on Traditional Chinese Philosophy: The Case of Zhu Xi” • Professor Wang Keping, CASS, “Efficient Governance via Synthetic Transformation” • Professor