Geography & History Aut 2 The Roman Army.notebook November 06, 2020
History and Geography - Autumn 2
The Roman Army
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Session 1: Mapping the growth of the Roman Empire
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What do you already know about the Romans?
Who are they?
Where did they come from? How? Why?
What period of history are they from?
What are they famous for?
What impact did they have on Britain?
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Watch this short video: Where did the Romans come from?
Then, see Powerpoint: The Spread of the Roman Empire and discuss.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/clips/z7hnvcw
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History LO: Understand the concept of change over time.
Geography LO: Name and locate the countries of Europe.
Year 4 Task:
Complete the maps to show the rise of the Roman Empire.
Extension: Look at an Atlas alongside the maps that you have completed. Can you see which modern day countries were part of the Roman Empire?
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History LO: Identify periods of rapid change in history.
Geography LO: Create maps of locations, identifying patterns.
Year 5 Task:
Complete the maps to show the rise of the Roman Empire.
Write a few sentences to describe how the Roman Empire advanced through Europe. (e.g. Where it began; Which directions it spread; How rapidly it spread).
Extension: Look at an Atlas alongside the maps that you have completed. Can you see which modern day countries were part of the Roman Empire?
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Plenary
Why do you think the Roman Empire was able to spread so successfully?
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Sessions 2 and 3:
Romans in Our Local Area
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During the Roman occupation, there were many Roman forts located in the area which is now South Yorkshire. Danum Long Sandall Roman Fort Roman Fort Templeborough Fort
Rossington Bridge Vexillation Fort
Wincobank Hill Fort Bawtry Roman Fort
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What is a fort? What were they used for?
Why do you think there were so many forts in this area?
How do you think we know about these forts?
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Danum Roman Fort Doncaster town Though Doncaster town did not exist before the Romans arrived, the word its name is based on probably did. When the Roman authorities built a fort on the banks of the River Don they called it Danum, meaning the place or river called Danu. This was the name that the local Iron Age inhabitants gave to the river. Danu may have been named after an Iron Age goddess, as there is a Danu in Irish myths and a Don in Welsh legends. The Romans commonly used local names to name their forts. It was one way of demonstrating power, linking their new authority with existing traditions. The vicus The town originated as an informal village that grew up outside the fort, known as a vicus. The vicus comprised army followers and opportunists who supplied the army with a range of services and goods not provided within the military system. Shops, workshops and even brothels would have huddled beside the fort. Danum’s first fort was built from timber in about 70 AD, to house approximately 500 soldiers. It was demolished in the 2nd century AD and replaced with a smaller fort protected by clay, gravel and limestone walls.
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Rossington Bridge Vexillation Fort Danum was not the first Roman fort in the Doncaster region. This was built at Rossington Bridge sometime in the 50s AD, at the same time as forts were built at Templebrough (Rotherham) and Chesterfield. Rossington fort was much larger than Danum, housing up to half a legion of 2,500 men. This may have been a task force sent north to gain control of what was then the northern limit of the new province. Archaeological evidence shows it was only occupied for a short time, perhaps just a few years.
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Long Sandall Roman Fort Recent archaeological study has suggested a small Roman fort existed at Long Sandall. This would possibly have been built as a post to monitor boats passing up the River Don from the Humber estuary before they reached the main fort at Doncaster itself. This was first discovered from aerial photographs which revealed crop marks around the area.
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Bawtry Roman Fort Bawtry Roman Fort was also discovered from aerial photographs which showed the site as a series of crop marks.
The crop marks show that the fort was surrounded by a bank and triple ditch system. The innermost ditch has almost right angled corners while the outer pair are more gently rounded at the corners. Excavations of parts of the ditches have shown them to be between 3.04 metres and 4.57 metres wide and just under 1.52 metres deep. The ditches are 'V' shaped in section and had been waterlogged. During excavations, some Roman pottery and coins were also discovered. The fort lies very close to where the Roman road from York to Lincoln crossed the River Idle. A stretch of the road is clearly visible on the aerial photograph as a dark line running north west to south east just north of the fort. The site appears to be a purely military post with no evidence of an associated civil settlement.
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Templeborough Roman Fort The Roman Fort at Templeborough was discovered in 1917 during the construction of Templeborough Steelworks. It was thought that the steelworks construction had largely destroyed the Roman fort but more recent investigations have shown that some remains of the fort have survived. The ditch bases that have been found show that the fort defences were more extensive and complicated than previously thought. Despite the limited survival of the fort remains, the work undertaken has enabled historians to build an idea of what the fort would have looked like.
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Wincobank Hill Fort How many times have you been to Meadowhall and seen the large hill which rises above it? Did you know that this hill was actually home to a Roman Fort?
Wincobank Hillfort is an Ancient Monument located at the top of Wincobank Hill, overlooking the Don Valley. Originally, the natural mound of the hill was surrounded by a rampart 5.5m wide, standing to a maximum height of 2.25m. The fort was actually built before the Romans invaded. At the time of the Roman invasion in AD 43, the fort was probably within the territory of the Brigantes, an Iron Age tribe who were defeated by the Romans and rebelled against Roman rule on several occasions in the late 2nd and early 3rd centuries. It is not known if the hillfort then continued to be occupied by the Romans.
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LO: To use more than one source of evidence to find answers to questions about the past.
Year 4 Task:
Create a poster showing information about Roman Forts in South Yorkshire. This must include:
- a map showing the location of the six main Roman Forts in South Yorkshire.
- one interesting fact about each of the six sites (written in your own words).
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LO: Understand that no single source of evidence gives the full answer to questions about the past.
Year 5 Task:
Create a poster showing information about Roman Forts in South Yorkshire. This must include:
- a map showing the location of the six main Roman Forts in South Yorkshire.
- A fact box/information section explaining what different types of evidence we have to show that these sites existed. (See text in blue.)
Extension: Can you also include 1 interesting fact about each of the sites (in your own words)?
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Plenary
With your partner, discuss what you have learnt from completing this project. This may be information about the Romans (specifically the Roman forts in South Yorkshire) or it might be about how historians find out about the past.
Write two things that you have learnt on a whiteboard.
Share and discuss.
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Session 4:
Life in the Roman Army
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Life in the Roman Army
Go to the website below. Read as far as the picture of the Roman Legionary. Click on this and explore the equipment of a Roman soldier.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zwmpfg8/articles/zqbnfg8
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LO: Communicate information about the past.
Year 4 Task:
Draw a picture of a Roman soldier and label the following equipment:
javelin, sword, tunic, sandals, helmet, armour, shield.
Extension: Write one fact (in your own words) about each piece of equipment.
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LO: Use different ways to communicate information about the past.
Year 5 Task:
Draw a picture of a Roman soldier and label the following equipment:
javelin, sword, tunic, sandals, helmet, armour, shield.
Write one fact (in your own words) about each piece of equipment.
Give as much information as possible (in your own words) about each piece of equipment.
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Plenary
Walk round each of the tables and look at the finished work. Which one really impressed you? Why?
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Session 5:
Life as a Roman Soldier
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Life as a Roman Soldier
Go to the website below and read the rest of the information and watch the video clip. (Some was already covered in session 4.)
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zwmpfg8/articles/zqbnfg8
Now watch the video below - Life as Roman Soldier.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/clips/zbns34j
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LO: Describe the characteristic features of the past, including ideas, beliefs, attitudes and experiences of men, women and children.
Your Task:
In pairs, write a short diary entry of a Roman Soldier using all of the information that we have shared.
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Plenary
Let's have a go at staining the diary entries and tearing the edges to make them look aged and more authentic.
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