List of the names of all Spratly features known to be occupied and/or above water at low tide. m = meters. All miles are nautical miles. In Mandarin Chinese: Dao = Island; Shazhou = Cay; Jiao = Reef; Ansha = Shoal; and Tan = Bank.
Name Location Description Occupier Alicia Annie Reef 925'N A sand "cay", 1.2 m high. Many rocks None Da Suoi Ngoc (V) 11526'E above high tide line. Reef encloses a Xian'e Jiao (C) lagoon. Arellano (P) Alison Reef 851'N Naturally above water only at low Vietnam Da (or Bai) Toc Tan 11400'E tide. Encloses a lagoon. no date (V)Liumen Jiao (C) Amboyna Cay 751'N 1.6 ha. 2 m high. Two parts: East Vietnam Dao An Bang (V) 11255'E part consists of sand and coral, west 1975 or 1978 Anbo Shazhou (C) part is covered with guano. Has 1979 Kalantiyaw (P) fringing reef. An obelisk, about 2.7 m Pulau Amboyna Kecil (M) high, stands on the SW corner. Little vegetation. Lighthouse operational since May 1995. Heavily fortified. Ardasier Reef 738'N Naturally above water only at low Malaysia Bai Kieu Ngua (V) 11356'E tide. Encloses a lagoon. Has a few 1986 Andu Tan (C), Xibo Jiao sandy patches. Malaysia presently has (T) 20 soldiers stationed here. Terumbu Ubi (M) Baker Reef 1043.5'N Awash at low tide. None Gongzhen Jiao (C) 11610'E Ban Than Jiao (C) 1024'N Small drying reef halfway between Taiwan (Part of Tizard Banks) 11424'E Taiwan-occupied Itu Aba and Vietnam- March '95 occupied Sand Cay. "Construction project" underway in spring 1995. Barque Canada Reef 810'N Coral. Highest rocks are 4.5 m high, Vietnam Bai Thuyen Chai (V) 11318'E at SW end. Much of reef is above 1987 Bai Jiao, Liwei Dao (C) water at high tide. Some sandy Malaysia, 1988 Terumbu Perahu (M) patches. 18 miles long. Its military Mascado (P) structures were recently upgraded. Some sources say Malaysia occupies. Bombay Castle See Rifleman Bank. Bombay Shoal 926'N Several rocks are exposed at low tide. None Pengbo Bao (Ansha) C) 11655'E Surrounds a lagoon. Boxall Reef 936'N Above water only at low tide. No None Niuchelun Jiao (C) 11224'E lagoon Central Reef 855'N SW part is a sandbank which barely Vietnam (Part of London Reefs) 11611'E submerges at high tide. The rest is 1978 Dao Truong Sa Dong (V) coral reef, awash, surrounding a Zhong Jiao (C) lagoon Collins Reef 945'N Also known as Johnson North Reef, as Vietnam (Part of Union Banks) 11414'E it is connected to Johnson South Reef. Da Co Lin, Bai Vung May A "coral dune" is located at the no date (V) southeast corner, above the high tide Guihan Jiao (C) line Commodore Reef 821'N A sand "cay", 0.5 m high, surrounded Philippines Da Cong Do (V) 11517'E by two lagoons. Parts of reef above 1978 Siling Jiao (C) water at high tide. Some structures. Terumbu Laksamana (M) Some sources say deserted since 1986 Rizal (P) Cornwallis South Reef 844'N Naturally above water only at low Vietnam Da Nui Le (V) 11411'E tide. Encloses a lagoon. Some sources 1988 Nanhua Jiao (C) claim that Malaysia has one officer and eight soldiers stationed here. Cuarteron Reef 853'N Coral rocks only. highest are 1.5 m PRC (Part of London Reefs) 11251'E high, on the north. No lagoon. Also 1988 Bai Chau Vien (V) called Guarteron Reef. Huayang Jiao (C) Da Ba Dao (V) See Whitson Reef. Dallas Reef 738'N Naturally above water only at low Malaysia Da Da Lat (V) (?) 11348'E tide. Encloses a lagoon. One officer 1987 Guangxing Jiao (C) and eight soldiers stationed here in Terumbu Laya (M) 1988. Malaysia is also using this reef for tourism. Discovery Great Reef 959'N Several rocks are above water at high Vietnam Da Lon (V) 11351'E tide. Most of reef is above water at 1988 Daxian Dao (C); Paredes low tide. Has lagoon (P) Discovery Small ReefDa 1001'N Above water only at low tide. One None? Nho (V) 11402'E source states that Vietnam occupies Xiaoxian Jiao (C) this reef, but no other author supports his claim. East Reef 852'N Rocks up to 1 m high. Encloses a Vietnam (Part of London Reefs) 11246'E lagoon 1988 Da Dong. Con Dong (V) Dong Jiao (C) Silangan (P) Eldad Reef 1021'N Only a few large rocks are naturally Vietnam? (Part of Tizard Banks) 11442'E above water at high tide. Between Anda Jiao (C) Sources claim that this reef is occupied 1978 & 1983 Beting Burgai (P) by PRC. Sources give Guihan Jiao as the Chinese name, but others grant this name to Collins Reef. Erica Reef 807'N Either reef is above water only at low None Boji Jiao (C) 11410'E tide, or "some isolated rocks on the Terumbu Siput (M) eastern edge might stand above high water." Encloses a lagoon. Fiery Cross Reef(s) 937'N Rocks up to 1 m high or all below high PRC (Also called Northwest 11258'E tide, but guano deposits disagree. 1988 Investigator Reef) PRC built a navy harbor by blasting, Da Chu Thap (V) piling up and cementing coral, but Yungshu Jiao (C) says no soldiers stationed here. 8,080 Ka(gi)lingan (P) square meters, 14 miles long, with airstrip. "Marine observation station" built in 1988; coconut, fir, and banyan trees plantes as well. Actually 3 reefs. First Thomas Shoal 920'N A few rocks are permanently above None Bai Suoi Nga (V) 11557'E sea level. Much of the reef is above Xinyi Ansha, Xinyi Jiao water at low tide. Encloses a lagoon (C) Flat Island 1050'N A low, flat, sandy cay, 240 by 90 m, Philippines Dao Binh Nguyen (V) 11549'E subject to erosion. Has a nearby reef no date Feixin Dao, Antang Dao which is above water at high tide. (C) Other claims that area is only 0.75 Patag (P) acres and elevation is less than 5 m, with large guano deposits. No vegetation Gaven Reefs 1013'N A sand dune, 2 m high. Has fringing PRC (Part of Tizard Banks) 11412'E reef plus a reef 2 miles to the south, 1988 Da Ga Ven (V) both covered at high tide. Also called Nanxun Jiao (C) calls this Gaven Island. Now all (Northern reef) cement and a raised metal frame, with Xinan or Duolu Jiao (C) two-story buildings placed on top. (S. reef) Southern reef was occuped by PRC on 7/4/92 [13]. Grainger Bank 752'N Shallowest natural depth is either 9 m Vietnam Bai Que Duong (V) 11029'E or 11 m 1989 Lizhun Tan (C) Grierson Reef 954'N A sand cay w/fringing reef at about None? (Part of Union Atoll) 11435'E this spot, but doesn't give its name. Vietnam Ca Nham, Sinh Ton Gong Probably synonymous with Sin Cowe 1988? (V) East Island, but some sources list Sin Ranqing Shazhou (C) Cowe East Island as being occupied by Vietnam since 1988 and Grierson as being unoccupied. Half Moon Shoal 852'N Several rocks on the eastern side rise None Bai Trang Khuyet (V) 11616'E one to two feet above high tide. Banyue Jiao (C) Encloses a lagoon. PRC has placed a stone marker here. Hardy Reef 1007'N Naturally above water only at low None Banlu Jiao (C) 11608'E tide. Surrounds a narrow strip of sand. Higgens Reef 948'N Only above water at low tide. None (Part of Union banks) 11424'E Quyuen Jiao (C) Holiday Reef 949'N Above water only at low tide None (Part of Union Banks) 11423'E Changxian Jiao (C) Hopps Reef 1015'N Above water only at low tide. Part of None Da Hop (V) 11523'E Southampton Reefs. Lusha Jiao (C) Hughes Reef 955'N Above water only at low tide None (Part of Union Banks) 11430'E Investigator Reef 807'N Reef is above water only at low tide, None Bai Tham Hiem (V) 11440'E but some large rocks at the western Langkuo, Yuya Jiao (C) end might be visible at high water. Terumbu Peninjau (M) Encloses a lagoon. Iroquois Reef 1037'N Above water only at low tide. None Houteng Jiao (C) 11610'E Irving Reef 1053'N Most sources say naturally above Philippines Dao Ca Nham (V) 11456'E water only at low tide, and Jiao is no date Huo'ai Jiao (C) Chinese for reef. Other sources calls Balagtas (P) this Irving Cay, and state that a very small cay lies at the reef's northern end. Itu Aba Island 1023'N Covered w/shrubs, coconut and Taiwan (Part of Tizard Banks) 11421'E mangroves in 1938. 960 x 400 m, 1956 or 1963 Dao Thai Binh, 0.46 sq. km or 46 ha--the largest Dao Ba Binh (V) Spratly Is. 600 soldiers, lighthouse, Taiping Dao (C) radio and weather stations, concerete Ligaw (P) landing jetty and two wells at SW end. Guano deposits, fringing reef. Hainan fishermen used to visit annually. In 8/93, plans were announced for a 2 km-long airstrip and fishing port. Jackson Reef 1030'N Four or five portions are above water None Wufan(g) Jiao (C) 11545'E at low tide. Encloses a lagoon Johnson North Reef See Collins Reef Johnson South Reef 943'N Contiguous with Collins Reef. PRC (Part of Union banks) 11418'E Naturally above water only at low tide. 1988 Da Gac Ma (V) Chigua as Chinese name. "Mabini" is Chigua Jiao (?) (C) English for Chigua. Site of 1988 PRC/Vietnam clash. Kennan Reef 953'N Naturally above water at least at low PRC (Part of Union Banks) 11427'E tide. 1988 Da Ken Nan (V) Dongmen or Ximen Jiao (C) Ladd Reef 838'N Naturally above water at low tide. PRC (Hon) Da Lat (V) 1140'E Coral lagoon. Was occupied by July 1992 Riji, Jiao, Shizi Jiao (C) Vietnam in 1988. A marker was placed on "Da La" by the PRC in 7/92, but not occupied. Lan(d)sdowne Reef 946'N Sand dune, with fringing reef. Either Vietnam (Part of Union Banks) 11422'E PRC occupied or unoccupied. no date Da Len Dao (V) Qiong Jiao (C) Lankiam Cay 1044'N Sand, surrounded by three reefs which Philippinesno Bo Loai Ta (V) 11431'E are above water at high tide. date Yanxin Shazhou (C) Panata (P) Livock Reef 1011'N Above water only at low tide, but some None Sanjiao Jiao (C) 11518'E rocks still visible at high tide. Part of Southampton Reefs. "Loaita Cay" 1044'N A sand cay, with fringing reef naturally PRC? Bai Loai Ta Nam (V) 11421'E above water at high tide. Speculation 1988? Nanyue Shazhou, regarding Chinese occupation, most Nanyao Shazhou (C) maps mark it as unoccupied. Loaita Island 1041'N 2 m high, 6 ha; covered with Philippines Dao Loai Ta (V) 11425'E mangrove bushes in 1933, above 1968 Nanyue Dao, Nanyao Dao which rose coconut palms and other (C) small trees. At this time a beacon was Kota (P) operating here, but no indication who built it. Fringing reef Loaita Nan 1042.5'N Also called Loaita Southwest Reef. PRC? Bai Loai Ta (V) 11419.5'E Never above water . PRC may have 1988? Zhuangyuan Jiao, occupied either this or Loaita Cay in Shuanghuang Shazhou 1988. This and Loaita Cay may be one (C) and the same. Louisa Reef 620'N Rocks 1 m high. China did plant a Malaysia Nan Tong Jiao (C) 11314'E stone marked here in 1988, which no date Terumbu Semarang Malaysia promptly removed. Malaysia Barat Kecil (M) operates a lighthouse (beacon/"accommodation module") here. Loveless Reef 949'N Above water only at low tide. None (Part of Union Banks) 11416'E Hua Jiao (C) Mariveles Reef 759'N A sand cay, 1.5-2 m high, surrounded Malaysia Bai (or Da) Ky Van (V) 11350'E by two lagoons, parts of which are 1986 or 1987 Nanhai Jiao (C) above water at high tide. Malaysia has Terumbu Mantanani (M) 20 soldiers stationed here. Menzies Reef 1109'N Awash at low tide. None (Part of Loaita Bank) 11449'E Da Men Di (V) Mengzi Jiao (C) Mischief Reef 955'N Some rocks above water at low tide. PRC Da Vanh Khan (V) 11532'E Has a lagoon. In Feb. 1995, the 1995 Meiji Jiao (C) Philippines found that the PRC had built a wooden complex on stilts here for fishermen. Namyit Island 1011'N About 6 m (or 19m) high. Covered Vietnam (Part of Tizard Banks) 11422'E with small trees, bushes and grass in 1974 or 1975 Dao Nam Yit (V) 1963. Fringing reef. Hungma Dao, Hongxiu Dao (C), Binago (P) Nanshan Island 1045'N 2.5 m high, covered with cocunut Philippines Dao Vinh Vien (V) 11549'E trees, bushes and grass in 1963. 580 no date Mahuan Dao (C) m long, on the edge of a submerged Lawak (P) reef. Has a small airstrip. North Reef 1128'N At NE end of North Danger Reef. PRC? (Part of North Danger 11422'E Naturally above water only at low tide 1989? Reef) PRC troops may be stationed on North Shuangzi, Gongshi or Danger Reef, and this is the only Dongbei Jiao (C) feature on the atoll not definitely occupied by someone else. Other sources claim that Vietnam has occupied this reef since 1987. Northeast Cay 1128'N 3 m high, covered with grass and thick Philippines (Part of North Danger 11421'E trees in 1963. 685 x 90 m, or 20 1968 or 1971 Reef) acres. Much of ringing reef is above Dao Song Tu Dong (V) water at high tide. Supported a Beizi Dao (C) beacon in 1984. Guano deposits Parola (P) Northeast Investigator 910'N Part of this reef is above water at low None Shoal 11627'E tide. Haikou Jiao (C) Northwest Investigator See Fiery Cross Reef Reef Owen Shoal 810'N Shallowest natural depth is 6 m, None Aoyuan Ansha (C) 11159'E unoccupied. Pearson Reefs 858'N Two sand "cays", 2 m and 1 m high, Vietnam Hon Sap, Phan Vinh or 11341'E lie on the edges of a lagoon. Parts of 1988 Dao Vanh Vinh (V) the surrounding reef are above water Bisheng Dao (C) at high tide Hizon (P) Petley Reef 1024'N Some small rocks might stand above Vietnam (Part of Tizard Banks) 11434'E high water. 1988 Da Nui Thi, Do Thi (V) Bolan Jiao (C) Pigeon Reef 852'N Numerous rocks are naturally above Vietnam Da T(h)ien (Yen) Nu (V) 11439'E the high tide line. Encloses a lagoon. 1988 Wumie Jiao (C) Called Tennent Reef on British charts. Prince Consort Bank 756'N Shallowest natural depth is 9m or Vietnam Bai Phuc Nguyen (V) 10958'E 18.3 m. Uoccupied. Coral. 1989 Xiwei Tan (C) Prince of Wales Bank 804'N Shallowest natural depth is 7 m. Coral Vietnam Bai Huyen Tran or Bai 11030'E PRC occupying? 1989 Phuc Tan (V) Guangya Tan (C) Reed Bank 1120'N Shallowest natural depth is 9 or 16 m None? Bai Co Rong (V) 11650'E May have been occupied by the Liyue Tan, Lile Tan (C) Philippines since 1971 or 1976 Rifleman Bank 750'N Shallowest natural depth is 3 m, called Vietnam Bai Vung May (V) 11140'E Bombay Castle. Sand and cora 1983 or 1989 Nanwei Tan (C0 Rifleman Bank was perhaps occupied by 1983, and Bombay Castle in 1989. Royal Captain Shoal 901'N A few rocks are above water at low None Jiangzhang Ansha (C) 11640'E tide. Surrounds a lagoon. Royal Charlotte Reef 700'N A sand dune with no vegetation, plus None Da Sac Lot (V) 11335'E rocks up to 1.2 m high. A beacon has Huang Lu Jiao (C) been erected on the reef, but no Terumbu Samarang Barat information whether Malaysia Besar (M) maintains it. Most of the reef is slightly submerged at high tide Sand Cay 1023'N 3 m high, 7 ha. Covered with trees Vietnam (Part of Tizard Banks) 11428'E and bushes in 1951. Fringing reef 1974 or 1975 Da (or Dao) Son Ca (V) partly above water at low tide Dungian Shazhou (C0 Sandy Cay 1103'N A low sand cay; fringing reef above None Tiexian Jiao (C) 11413'E water at high tide. May be the only unoccupied island or cay in the Spratlys. Scarborough Reef 1508'N Several rocks up to 3 m high. Much of None Huang Yen Tao (C) 11745'E the reef is just below water at high tide. Encloses a lagoon. Near the ` mouth of the lagoon are the ruins of an iron tower, 8.3 m high. No information on who constructed it Shira Islet See Northeast Cay. Sin Cowe Island 952'N May consist of two sand cays, 4 m and Vietnam (Part of Union Banks) 11419'E 2.5 m high. If so, it may be that one 1974 Dao Sinh Tonh (V) of these is actually the elusive Sin or PRC Jinghong Dao (C) Cowe East Island; sources are unclear since 1978 Rurok (P) on this. Has fringing reef which is above water at low tide Sin Cowe East Island 955'N This mysterious feature is shown on None? Sinh Ton Dong (C0 11432'E four maps but does not appear in Vietnam? others. Probably same as Grierson 1988? Reef, but may be one-half of Sin Cowe Island. South Reef 1123'N A tiny cay appears atop this reef on Vietnam (Part of North Danger 11418'E the most detailed map available. On 1988 Reef) the southwest end of North Danger Da Nam (V) Reef. Fringing reef is above water at Nailuo or Xinan Jiao (C) low tide. Southampton Reefs See Hopps and Livock Reefs. Southwest Cay 1126'N Only 1.75 miles from Northeast Cay. Vietnam (Part of North Danger 11420'E Was a breeding place for birds in 1974 Reef) 1963, when it was covered with trees Dao Song Tu Tay (V) and guano. Export of guano was once Nanzi Dao (C) carried out on a considerable scale. Pugad (P) Fringing reef partly above water at high tide. Two wells and a 12 m-high "mast" on SE side in 1963. Vietnam erected its first lighthouse in the Spratlys here in October 1993, and may have built an airstrip as well. Cay is 4-6 m high Spratly Island 838'N 2.5 m high, flat. Covered with bushes, Vietnam Dao Truong Sa (V) 11425'E grass, birds and guano in 1963. Area 1974 or 1975 Nanwei Dao (C) 13-15 ha.; 750 x 400 m. 5.5 m-high Lagos (P) obelisk at southern tip. Has landing strip, and perhaps a fishing port. Fringing reef is above water at low tide. Subi Reef 1054'N Naturally above water only at low PRC Da Su Bi (V) 11406'E tide. Surrounds a lagoon. PRC has 1988 Zhubi Dao (C0 constructed 3-story buildings, wharfs, and a helipad here. Swallow Reef 723'N Treeless cay and rocks up to 3 m high Malaysia Da Hua (or Hoa) Lau (V) 11348'E surround a lagoon. 6.2 ha. Malaysia 1983/1984 Danwan Jiao (C) has drawn territorial seas around this Terumbu Layang Layang and Amboyna Cay. 70 soldiers (M) stationed here maintain a beacon. Has a fishing port and a 15-room resort, including a 1.5 km airstrip. Soil and trees have been planted on what was four miles of treeless beaches and coral reefs. Tennent Reef See Pigeon Reef. Thitu Island 1103'N 3.4 m high, covered with grass, Philippines Dao Thi Tu (V) 11417'E bushes and palms in 1963. In the 1968, 1971 or Zhongye Dao (C) past, occasionally inhabited by Chinese 1978 Pagasa (P) fishermen. 22 ha, with a 5500-ft. landing strip and a marina. Two commercial flights weekly. 100 fishermen and weathermen. Reef dries. Variety of flora and fauna. Second largest island in the Spratlys. Tieshi Jiao (C) 1105'N Above water only at low tide. None (NE of Thitu Island) 11422'E Vanguard Bank 730'N Shallowest natural depth is 16 m. Vietnam Bai Tu Chinh (V) 10935'E Vietnam has run two "economic 1989 Wan-an Tan (C) technological service stations" in this area since July 1994 West Reef 852'N East part is sand "cay", 0.6 m high. Vietnam (Part of London Reefs) 11215'E West part is coral reef which is above no date Da Tay, Con Tay (V) water only at low tide. Between them Xi Jiao (C) is a lagoon. Vietnam erected a lighthouse here in May or June 1994. West York Island 1105'N Covered with bushes, mangroves and Philippines Dao Ben Lac or Loc (V) 11501'E coconut palms in 1963. 500 x 320 m. no date Xi Yue Dao (C) Fringing reef is partly above water at Likas (P) low tide Whitson Reef 1000'N Some rocks naturally above water at PRC (Part of Union Banks) 11443'E high tide [9]. Also spelled Whitsun. March 1992 Da Ba Dao (V) [9, 19] and others call this Niue Jiao in Niue Jiao (C0 Chinese, but [7] gives this name to nearby Grierson Reef. There may have been a small cay here in 1957, but none remains today. Zhangxi Jiao (C) 946'N Small reef, partly above water only at None (Part of Union Banks) 11424'E low tide Nameless Reef 956'N Above water only at low tide. None Between Hughes and 11431'E Holiday Reefs Two nameless reefs 945-46'N One reef is above water only at low None East of Lankiam Cay 11436'E tide; there is a sand cay atop the other. Two nameless reefs 112-4'N Above water only at low tide. None West of Sandy Cay and 11411.- Thitu Island 16'E