DOCSLIB.ORG

This List Includes the Names of All Spratly Features Known to Be Occupied And/Or Above Water at Low Tide

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
This List Includes the Names of All Spratly Features Known to Be Occupied And/Or Above Water at Low Tide List of the names of all Spratly features known to be occupied and/or above water at low tide. m = meters. All miles are nautical miles. In Mandarin Chinese: Dao = Island; Shazhou = Cay; Jiao = Reef; Ansha = Shoal; and Tan = Bank. Name Location Description Occupier Alicia Annie Reef 925'N A sand "cay", 1.2 m high. Many rocks None Da Suoi Ngoc (V) 11526'E above high tide line. Reef encloses a Xian'e Jiao (C) lagoon. Arellano (P) Alison Reef 851'N Naturally above water only at low Vietnam Da (or Bai) Toc Tan 11400'E tide. Encloses a lagoon. no date (V)Liumen Jiao (C) Amboyna Cay 751'N 1.6 ha. 2 m high. Two parts: East Vietnam Dao An Bang (V) 11255'E part consists of sand and coral, west 1975 or 1978 Anbo Shazhou (C) part is covered with guano. Has 1979 Kalantiyaw (P) fringing reef. An obelisk, about 2.7 m Pulau Amboyna Kecil (M) high, stands on the SW corner. Little vegetation. Lighthouse operational since May 1995. Heavily fortified. Ardasier Reef 738'N Naturally above water only at low Malaysia Bai Kieu Ngua (V) 11356'E tide. Encloses a lagoon. Has a few 1986 Andu Tan (C), Xibo Jiao sandy patches. Malaysia presently has (T) 20 soldiers stationed here. Terumbu Ubi (M) Baker Reef 1043.5'N Awash at low tide. None Gongzhen Jiao (C) 11610'E Ban Than Jiao (C) 1024'N Small drying reef halfway between Taiwan (Part of Tizard Banks) 11424'E Taiwan-occupied Itu Aba and Vietnam- March '95 occupied Sand Cay. "Construction project" underway in spring 1995. Barque Canada Reef 810'N Coral. Highest rocks are 4.5 m high, Vietnam Bai Thuyen Chai (V) 11318'E at SW end. Much of reef is above 1987 Bai Jiao, Liwei Dao (C) water at high tide. Some sandy Malaysia, 1988 Terumbu Perahu (M) patches. 18 miles long. Its military Mascado (P) structures were recently upgraded. Some sources say Malaysia occupies. Bombay Castle See Rifleman Bank. Bombay Shoal 926'N Several rocks are exposed at low tide. None Pengbo Bao (Ansha) C) 11655'E Surrounds a lagoon. Boxall Reef 936'N Above water only at low tide. No None Niuchelun Jiao (C) 11224'E lagoon Central Reef 855'N SW part is a sandbank which barely Vietnam (Part of London Reefs) 11611'E submerges at high tide. The rest is 1978 Dao Truong Sa Dong (V) coral reef, awash, surrounding a Zhong Jiao (C) lagoon Collins Reef 945'N Also known as Johnson North Reef, as Vietnam (Part of Union Banks) 11414'E it is connected to Johnson South Reef. Da Co Lin, Bai Vung May A "coral dune" is located at the no date (V) southeast corner, above the high tide Guihan Jiao (C) line Commodore Reef 821'N A sand "cay", 0.5 m high, surrounded Philippines Da Cong Do (V) 11517'E by two lagoons. Parts of reef above 1978 Siling Jiao (C) water at high tide. Some structures. Terumbu Laksamana (M) Some sources say deserted since 1986 Rizal (P) Cornwallis South Reef 844'N Naturally above water only at low Vietnam Da Nui Le (V) 11411'E tide. Encloses a lagoon. Some sources 1988 Nanhua Jiao (C) claim that Malaysia has one officer and eight soldiers stationed here. Cuarteron Reef 853'N Coral rocks only. highest are 1.5 m PRC (Part of London Reefs) 11251'E high, on the north. No lagoon. Also 1988 Bai Chau Vien (V) called Guarteron Reef. Huayang Jiao (C) Da Ba Dao (V) See Whitson Reef. Dallas Reef 738'N Naturally above water only at low Malaysia Da Da Lat (V) (?) 11348'E tide. Encloses a lagoon. One officer 1987 Guangxing Jiao (C) and eight soldiers stationed here in Terumbu Laya (M) 1988. Malaysia is also using this reef for tourism. Discovery Great Reef 959'N Several rocks are above water at high Vietnam Da Lon (V) 11351'E tide. Most of reef is above water at 1988 Daxian Dao (C); Paredes low tide. Has lagoon (P) Discovery Small ReefDa 1001'N Above water only at low tide. One None? Nho (V) 11402'E source states that Vietnam occupies Xiaoxian Jiao (C) this reef, but no other author supports his claim. East Reef 852'N Rocks up to 1 m high. Encloses a Vietnam (Part of London Reefs) 11246'E lagoon 1988 Da Dong. Con Dong (V) Dong Jiao (C) Silangan (P) Eldad Reef 1021'N Only a few large rocks are naturally Vietnam? (Part of Tizard Banks) 11442'E above water at high tide. Between Anda Jiao (C) Sources claim that this reef is occupied 1978 & 1983 Beting Burgai (P) by PRC. Sources give Guihan Jiao as the Chinese name, but others grant this name to Collins Reef. Erica Reef 807'N Either reef is above water only at low None Boji Jiao (C) 11410'E tide, or "some isolated rocks on the Terumbu Siput (M) eastern edge might stand above high water." Encloses a lagoon. Fiery Cross Reef(s) 937'N Rocks up to 1 m high or all below high PRC (Also called Northwest 11258'E tide, but guano deposits disagree. 1988 Investigator Reef) PRC built a navy harbor by blasting, Da Chu Thap (V) piling up and cementing coral, but Yungshu Jiao (C) says no soldiers stationed here. 8,080 Ka(gi)lingan (P) square meters, 14 miles long, with airstrip. "Marine observation station" built in 1988; coconut, fir, and banyan trees plantes as well. Actually 3 reefs. First Thomas Shoal 920'N A few rocks are permanently above None Bai Suoi Nga (V) 11557'E sea level. Much of the reef is above Xinyi Ansha, Xinyi Jiao water at low tide. Encloses a lagoon (C) Flat Island 1050'N A low, flat, sandy cay, 240 by 90 m, Philippines Dao Binh Nguyen (V) 11549'E subject to erosion. Has a nearby reef no date Feixin Dao, Antang Dao which is above water at high tide. (C) Other claims that area is only 0.75 Patag (P) acres and elevation is less than 5 m, with large guano deposits. No vegetation Gaven Reefs 1013'N A sand dune, 2 m high. Has fringing PRC (Part of Tizard Banks) 11412'E reef plus a reef 2 miles to the south, 1988 Da Ga Ven (V) both covered at high tide. Also called Nanxun Jiao (C) calls this Gaven Island. Now all (Northern reef) cement and a raised metal frame, with Xinan or Duolu Jiao (C) two-story buildings placed on top. (S. reef) Southern reef was occuped by PRC on 7/4/92 [13]. Grainger Bank 752'N Shallowest natural depth is either 9 m Vietnam Bai Que Duong (V) 11029'E or 11 m 1989 Lizhun Tan (C) Grierson Reef 954'N A sand cay w/fringing reef at about None? (Part of Union Atoll) 11435'E this spot, but doesn't give its name. Vietnam Ca Nham, Sinh Ton Gong Probably synonymous with Sin Cowe 1988? (V) East Island, but some sources list Sin Ranqing Shazhou (C) Cowe East Island as being occupied by Vietnam since 1988 and Grierson as being unoccupied. Half Moon Shoal 852'N Several rocks on the eastern side rise None Bai Trang Khuyet (V) 11616'E one to two feet above high tide. Banyue Jiao (C) Encloses a lagoon. PRC has placed a stone marker here. Hardy Reef 1007'N Naturally above water only at low None Banlu Jiao (C) 11608'E tide. Surrounds a narrow strip of sand. Higgens Reef 948'N Only above water at low tide. None (Part of Union banks) 11424'E Quyuen Jiao (C) Holiday Reef 949'N Above water only at low tide None (Part of Union Banks) 11423'E Changxian Jiao (C) Hopps Reef 1015'N Above water only at low tide. Part of None Da Hop (V) 11523'E Southampton Reefs. Lusha Jiao (C) Hughes Reef 955'N Above water only at low tide None (Part of Union Banks) 11430'E Investigator Reef 807'N Reef is above water only at low tide, None Bai Tham Hiem (V) 11440'E but some large rocks at the western Langkuo, Yuya Jiao (C) end might be visible at high water. Terumbu Peninjau (M) Encloses a lagoon. Iroquois Reef 1037'N Above water only at low tide. None Houteng Jiao (C) 11610'E Irving Reef 1053'N Most sources say naturally above Philippines Dao Ca Nham (V) 11456'E water only at low tide, and Jiao is no date Huo'ai Jiao (C) Chinese for reef. Other sources calls Balagtas (P) this Irving Cay, and state that a very small cay lies at the reef's northern end. Itu Aba Island 1023'N Covered w/shrubs, coconut and Taiwan (Part of Tizard Banks) 11421'E mangroves in 1938. 960 x 400 m, 1956 or 1963 Dao Thai Binh, 0.46 sq. km or 46 ha--the largest Dao Ba Binh (V) Spratly Is. 600 soldiers, lighthouse, Taiping Dao (C) radio and weather stations, concerete Ligaw (P) landing jetty and two wells at SW end. Guano deposits, fringing reef. Hainan fishermen used to visit annually. In 8/93, plans were announced for a 2 km-long airstrip and fishing port. Jackson Reef 1030'N Four or five portions are above water None Wufan(g) Jiao (C) 11545'E at low tide. Encloses a lagoon Johnson North Reef See Collins Reef Johnson South Reef 943'N Contiguous with Collins Reef. PRC (Part of Union banks) 11418'E Naturally above water only at low tide. 1988 Da Gac Ma (V) Chigua as Chinese name.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Position Paper on ROC South China Sea Policy
    Position Paper on ROC South China Sea Policy Republic of China (Taiwan) March 21, 2016 1. Preface The Nansha (Spratly) Islands, Shisha (Paracel) Islands, Chungsha (Macclesfield Bank) Islands, and Tungsha (Pratas) Islands (together known as the South China Sea Islands) were first discovered, named, and used by the ancient Chinese, and incorporated into national territory and administered by imperial Chinese governments. Whether from the perspective of history, geography, or international law, the South China Sea Islands and their surrounding waters are an inherent part of ROC territory and waters. The ROC enjoys all rights over them in accordance with international law. This is indisputable. Any claim to sovereignty over, or occupation of, these areas by other countries is illegal, irrespective of the reasons put forward or methods used, and the ROC government recognizes no such claim or occupation. With respect to international disputes regarding the South China Sea, the ROC has consistently maintained the principles of safeguarding sovereignty, shelving disputes, pursuing peace and reciprocity, and promoting joint development, and in accordance with the United Nations Charter and international law, called for consultations with other countries, participation in related dialogue and cooperative mechanisms, and peaceful 1 resolution of disputes, to jointly ensure regional peace. 2. Grounds for the ROC position History The early Chinese have been active in the South China Sea since ancient times. Historical texts and local gazetteers contain numerous references to the geographical position, geology, natural resources of the South China Sea waters and landforms, as well as the activities of the ancient Chinese in the region. The South China Sea Islands were discovered, named, used over the long term, and incorporated into national territory by the early Chinese, so even though most of the islands and reefs are uninhabited, they are not terra nullius.
    [Show full text]
  • Here Are China's Maritime Militia Ships At
    Exposed! Here are China’s Maritime Militia Ships at Whitsun Reef By Andrew S. Erickson and Ryan D. Martinson Erickson is a Professor of Strategy in the Naval War College’s China Maritime Studies Institute and a visiting scholar at Harvard’s John King Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies. Martinson is a researcher in the China Maritime Studies Institute at the Naval War College. 29 March 2021 The views expressed here are those of the authors alone. The are based solely on analysis of publicly-available open sources. They do not represent the policies or estimates of the U.S. Navy, the U.S. government, or any other organization with which they are associated. Geography • Jiangmen (江门市) is a City in Guangdong (pop. 4.5 million) • Taishan City (台山市, pop. 941,000) is administered by Jiangmen Taishan Shadi Bay By Andrew S. Erickson and Ryan D. Martinson The “Fancheng Nine” Trawlers # Name MMSI # Length (m) Power (kW) 1 Yuetaiyu 18000 412472778 62.8 1,224 2 Yuetaiyu 18111 412472779 62.8 1,224 3 Yuetaiyu 18222 412472781 62.8 1,224 4 Yuetaiyu 18333 412472782 62.8 1,224 5 Yuetaiyu 18555 412472783 62.8 1,224 6 Yuetaiyu 18666 412472884 62.8 1,224 7 Yuetaiyu 18777 412472885 62.8 1,224 8 Yuetaiyu 18888 412472883 62.8 1,224 9 Yuetaiyu 18999 412472882 62.8 1,224 Yuetaiyu 18999 For image of Yuetaiyu 18999, see http://www.gshi.cn/news_view.asp?id=338 By Andrew S. Erickson and Ryan D. Martinson The “Fancheng Nine” Trawlers March 15, 2017: Fancheng Fisheries and Guangxin Shipbuilding sign contract for nine “backbone” Spratly boats Yuetaiyu 18000 undergoes sea trials (October 2017) Sources: http://www.gshi.cn/news_view.asp?id=276 http://www.gshi.cn/news_view.asp?id=323 By Andrew S.
    [Show full text]
  • An Incident in the South China Sea
    An Incident in the South China Sea Rob McLaughlin 96 INT’L L. STUD. 505 (2020) Volume 96 2020 Published by the Stockton Center for International Law ISSN 2375-2831 An Incident in the South China Sea Vol. 96 An Incident in the South China Sea Rob McLaughlin CONTENTS I. Introduction (The Situation) ................................................................. 506 II. Assessment Methodology ...................................................................... 508 A. The Location of the Incident ......................................................... 509 B. Characterizing the Actors .............................................................. 516 C. Assessing the Incident ..................................................................... 524 III. Conclusion ............................................................................................... 528 Rob McLaughlin is Professor of International Law at the Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, Professor of Military and Security Law at UNSW Can- berra, and Senior Fellow at the Stockton Centre for International Law. The thoughts and opinions expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the U.S. government, the U.S. Department of the Navy, or the U.S. Naval War College. 505 International Law Studies 2020 I. INTRODUCTION (THE SITUATION) A NATO warship is in transit near Subi Reef, a low-tide elevation (LTE)1 that features an artificial installation, built and occupied by the People’s Re- public of China (PRC).2 Subi Reef is in the vicinity of Thitu Island, a rock3 Tthat also contains a Philippines-occupied feature.4 The NATO warship has a short “tail,” an antisubmarine warfare towed sonar array, deployed in the water and trailing the vessel. OA flotilla of Chinese fishing vessels, apparently operating in concert, ma- neuver to impede the transit of the warship, which at this time is located less Wthan ten nautical miles from Subi Reef, and approximately fourteen nautical miles from Thitu Island.
    [Show full text]
  • Drawing a Line in the South China Sea
    Basepoints and Equity: Drawing a line in the South China Sea Robin Cleverly Marbdy Consulting Ltd New Approaches to the South China Sea Conflicts University Of Oxford, 19-20th October, 2017 Maritime Zones: straight and Taiwan archipelagic baselines PR China Territorial Sea S O U T H C H I N A S E A Vietnam Philippines Internal water Brunei Sabah Archipelagic water Indonesia Malaysia 1 200M Limits from Taiwan Mainlands PR China Area >200M Vietnam Philippines 200M EEZ + Continental Shelf Brunei Sabah Indonesia Malaysia 2 Bathymetry Very deep ocean >5000m Deep ocean >4000m Intermediate shelf ~2000m Shallow shelf ~100m 3 Outer Continental Shelf Taiwan PR China Oceanic crust Vietnam Philippines Brunei Indonesia Malaysia 4 Outer Continental Shelf Taiwan PR China Oceanic Vietnam’s crust Partial Submission Malaysia/Vietnam Vietnam Joint Submission Philippines Brunei Indonesia Malaysia 5 Outer Continental Shelf Taiwan PR China Possible area beyond CS Outer Continental Shelf >200M Vietnam Philippines 200M EEZ + Continental Shelf Brunei Sabah Indonesia Malaysia 6 South China Sea: Islands Taiwan Prata Island PR China Paracel Islands Scarborough Reef Vietnam Spratly Islands Philippines Brunei Sabah Indonesia Malaysia 7 200M EEZ from all features Taiwan Prata Island PR China Scarborough Paracel Reef Islands Vietnam Spratly Islands Philippines Brunei Indonesia Malaysia 19 Law of the Sea Convention: Regime of Islands Article 121: Regime of islands 1. An island is a naturally formed area of land, surrounded by water, which is above water at high tide. 2. Except as provided for in paragraph 3, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of an island are determined in accordance with the provisions of this Convention applicable to other land territory.
    [Show full text]
  • China Versus Vietnam: an Analysis of the Competing Claims in the South China Sea Raul (Pete) Pedrozo
    A CNA Occasional Paper China versus Vietnam: An Analysis of the Competing Claims in the South China Sea Raul (Pete) Pedrozo With a Foreword by CNA Senior Fellow Michael McDevitt August 2014 Unlimited distribution Distribution unlimited. for public release This document contains the best opinion of the authors at the time of issue. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of the sponsor. Cover Photo: South China Sea Claims and Agreements. Source: U.S. Department of Defense’s Annual Report on China to Congress, 2012. Distribution Distribution unlimited. Specific authority contracting number: E13PC00009. Copyright © 2014 CNA This work was created in the performance of Contract Number 2013-9114. Any copyright in this work is subject to the Government's Unlimited Rights license as defined in FAR 52-227.14. The reproduction of this work for commercial purposes is strictly prohibited. Nongovernmental users may copy and distribute this document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this copyright notice is reproduced in all copies. Nongovernmental users may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies they make or distribute. Nongovernmental users may not accept compensation of any manner in exchange for copies. All other rights reserved. This project was made possible by a generous grant from the Smith Richardson Foundation Approved by: August 2014 Ken E. Gause, Director International Affairs Group Center for Strategic Studies Copyright © 2014 CNA FOREWORD This legal analysis was commissioned as part of a project entitled, “U.S. policy options in the South China Sea.” The objective in asking experienced U.S international lawyers, such as Captain Raul “Pete” Pedrozo, USN, Judge Advocate Corps (ret.),1 the author of this analysis, is to provide U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysia's Claims and Positions Over Maritime Features in the South
    Malaysia’s Claims and Positions over Maritime Features In the South China Sea Jalila Abdul Jalil, Senior Researcher, MIMA 10th South China Sea Conference Cooperation for Regional Security and Development Da Nang City, Viet Nam Thursday, 8 November1 2018 Disclaimer The information contained in this presentation reflects the personal views of the presenter 2 Outline of Presentation • Introduction • Malaysia’s claims in the South China Sea • Malaysia’s position in the South China Sea • Extended continental shelf claim in the Defined Area in the South China Sea • Lessons from Philippines Arbitration relating to Malaysia’s Claim in the South China: Possible Consideration 3 Malaysia’s Claims in the South China Sea 4 Map showing the aerial view of the South China Sea Source: Malaysia Airport Berhad 6 Source: Forbes and Basiron, (2008) Malaysia’s Maritime Realm Atlas • This map shows in general the overlapping claims in the South China Sea Map of the Competing Claims of the South China Sea by Arsana and Schofield, 2012 from Agora: South China Sea (2013), Vol. 107:95, American Journal of International Law (AJIL) . 8 Malaysia’s claims in the South China Sea • Malaysia’s claim are encapsulated in Malaysia’s Peta Baru 1979. • The Map was drawn based on the 1958 Geneva Convention, bilateral treaties and customary international law • Malaysia’s claim is based on the fact that the features are part of its continental shelf and thus entitles Malaysia to an extended continental shelf based on the natural prolongation of the continental shelf. • Malaysia can claims the respective maritime zones namely territorial sea, EEZ and continental shelf.
    [Show full text]
  • The South China Sea Arbitration Case Filed by the Philippines Against China: Arguments Concerning Low Tide Elevations, Rocks, and Islands
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Xiamen University Institutional Repository 322 China Oceans Law Review (Vol. 2015 No. 1) The South China Sea Arbitration Case Filed by the Philippines against China: Arguments concerning Low Tide Elevations, Rocks, and Islands Yann-huei SONG* Abstract: On March 30, 2014, the Philippines submitted its Memorial to the Arbitral Tribunal, which presents the country’s case on the jurisdiction of the Tribunal and the merits of its claims. In the Memorial, the Philippines argues that Mischief Reef, Second Thomas Shoal, Subi Reef, Gaven Reef, McKennan Reef, Hughes Reef are low-tide elevations, and that Scarborough Shoal, Johnson Reef, Cuarteron Reef, and Fiery Cross Reef are “rocks”, therefore these land features cannot generate entitlement to a 200-nautical-mile EEZ or continental shelf. This paper discusses if the claims made by the Philippines are well founded in fact and law. It concludes that it would be difficult for the Tribunal to rule in favor of the Philippines’ claims. Key Words: Arbitration; South China Sea; China; The Philippines; Low tide elevation; Island; Rock; UNCLOS I. Introduction On January 22, 2013, the Republic of the Philippines (hereinafter “the Philippines”) initiated arbitral proceedings against the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter “China” or “PRC”) when it presented a Note Verbale1 to the Chinese * Yann-huie Song, Professor, Institute of Marine Affairs, College of Marine Sciences, Sun- yet Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan and Research Fellow, Institute of European and American Studies, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. E-mail: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • The Spratly Islands Administered by the Individual States of the Region and the Boundaries of Claims Versus the Exclusive Econom
    The Spratly Islands administered by the individual states of the region and the boundaries of claims versus the exclusive economic zones and the boundaries of the continental shelf 0 25 50 75 100 km 0 25 50 75 100 NM 2009 VIETNAM 1974 Northeast Cay Southwest Cay Block Claim Vietnam Petroleum South Reef West York Island Thitu Island Subi Reef Irving Reef Flat Island Loaita Cay Nanshan Island Lankiam Cay Loaita Island a e Centre Cay Petley Reef S Itu Aba Island Sand Cay Gaven Reef a Namyit Island n i Discovery Great Reef 1979 Hughes Reef Mischief Reef h Sin Cowe Island C (Union Banks) Grierson Reef Collins Reef Higgens Reef Second Lansdowne Reef Thomas Shoal h Johnson South Reef t u Fiery Cross Reef First o Bombay Castle S Thomas Shoal 2009 2009 (London Reefs) PHILIPPINES Central Reef Pearson Reef Pigeon Reef 1979 West Reef Cuarteron Reef East Reef Alison Reef Ladd Reef Cornwallis South Reef Spratly Island Commodore Reef Prince of Wales Bank Barque Canada Reef Erica Reef Investigator Shoal Alexandra Bank Mariveles Reef Prince Consort Bank Amboyna Cay Grainger Bank Rifleman Bank Ardasier Reef Vanguard Bank Swallow Reef 1979 1979 The boundaries of the claims in the South China Sea have not been precisely delimited. This is their approximate location, presented for illustrative purposes only. for illustrative location, presented delimited. This is their approximate precisely not been Sea have the claims in the South China The boundaries of : MALAYSIA © / Reservation LEGEND Areas of land (islands, cays, reefs, rocks): Submerged areas and areas only partly above water: Boundaries of claims submitted by: Boundaries of the exclusive economic zones delimited pursuant to the ruling of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague issued in 2016 (case number 2013–19) and in line with the UNCLOS, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Expansion and Military Deployment on Vietnamese-Occupied Features in the Spratly Islands
    Expansion and Military Deployment on Vietnamese-Occupied Features in the Spratly Islands Chen Qi April 6, 2021 About SCSPI With a view to maintaining and promoting the peace, stability and prosperity of the South China Sea, we launched the South China Sea Strategic Situation Probing Initiative (SCSPI). The Initiative aims to integrate intellectual resources and open source information worldwide and keep track of important actions and major policy changes of key stakeholders and other parties involved. It provides professional data services and analysis reports to parties concerned, helping them keep competition under control, and with a view to seek partnerships. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights: This document, printed by SCSPI, is protected by law. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is required from SCSPI to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.scspi.org/ Twitter: @SCS_PI © Copyright 2021 SCSPI. All Rights Reserved i Content About SCSPI................................................................................................... i I. Construction in the Early Stage ................................................................. 3 II. Massive Land Reclamation .................................................................... 12 III. Military Deployment on Vietnam-Occupied Features .......................... 30 IV. Conclusion ............................................................................................. 51 Expansion and Military Deployment on Vietnamese-Occupied Features in the Spratly Islands Chen Qi In 1975, Vietnam went back on its long-standing position over Spratly islands in the South China Sea – these islands are part of China’s territory – and occupied five ‘features seized by the Republic of Vietnam, or South Vietnam with its capital in Saigon, in the name of “emancipating Quan Dao Truong Sa” (an illegal name of the main islands and reefs of Spratly Islands coined by Vietnam).
    [Show full text]
  • Artificial Islands, Installations and Related Activities by Non-State Actors
    Artificial Islands, Installations and Related Activities by Non-State Actors ICLOS Conference 2018, 21-22 Nov, 2018, Bandung UNCLOS & ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS BEYOND NATIONAL JURISDICTION Session II – Theoretical and Legal Developments of Artificial Islands Youna Lyons, Centre for International Law, National University of Singapore Outline Introduction - Definitions Part 1 – Existing and Prospective Activities from artificial islands and installations in ABNJ Part 2 – Key Features of the International Legal Framework Part 3 – Gaps and Challenges Part 4 – Possible paths forward Introduction Definitions . Artificial island = man-made, not naturally formed and therefore not an ‘island’ which can generate maritime zones . Difference between offshore installations, structures and artificial islands? . Distinction may be theoretical as the High Seas freedom of UNCLOS art 87(1)(d) applies to the construction of artificial islands and other installations permitted under international law . No definition and no indication of the activity which may be carried out from this installation other than it would be permitted under international law . Human settlement, fisheries/aquaculture, energy production, geo-engineering, scientific research, etc… 1/3 Introduction Definitions . Immovable or also movable? An ongoing debate. Islands may be seen as immovable by nature whereas installations can also be immovable . Permanent or temporary? . Fixed or floating or drifting and non- propelled? Floating instrument platform (FLIP) - A RV operated by Scripps Institution
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysia and Brunei: an Analysis of Their Claims in the South China Sea J
    A CNA Occasional Paper Malaysia and Brunei: An Analysis of their Claims in the South China Sea J. Ashley Roach With a Foreword by CNA Senior Fellow Michael McDevitt August 2014 Unlimited distribution Cleared for public release This document contains the best opinion of the authors at the time of issue. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of the sponsor. Cover Photo: South China Sea Claims and Agreements. Source: U.S. Department of Defense’s Annual Report on China to Congress, 2012. Distribution Distribution unlimited. Specific authority contracting number: E13PC00009. Copyright © 2014 CNA This work was created in the performance of Contract Number 2013-9114. Any copyright in this work is subject to the Government's Unlimited Rights license as defined in FAR 52-227.14. The reproduction of this work for commercial purposes is strictly prohibited. Nongovernmental users may copy and distribute this document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this copyright notice is reproduced in all copies. Nongovernmental users may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies they make or distribute. Nongovernmental users may not accept compensation of any manner in exchange for copies. All other rights reserved. This project was made possible by a generous grant from the Smith Richardson Foundation Approved by: August 2014 Ken E. Gause, Director International Affairs Group Center for Strategic Studies Copyright © 2014 CNA Foreword This is the second of three legal analyses commissioned as part of a project entitled, “U.S. Policy Options in the South China Sea.” The objective in asking experienced U.S international lawyers, such as Captain J.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining EEZ Claims from Islands: a Potential South China Sea Change
    University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences & Humanities 1-1-2014 Defining EEZ claims from islands: A potential South China Sea change Robert Beckman National University of Singapore, [email protected] Clive Schofield University of Wollongong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/lhapapers Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, and the Law Commons Recommended Citation Beckman, Robert and Schofield, Clive, "Defining EEZ claims from islands: A potential South China Sea change" (2014). Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers. 1409. https://ro.uow.edu.au/lhapapers/1409 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Defining EEZ claims from islands: A potential South China Sea change Abstract In the face of seemingly intractable territorial and maritime disputes in the South China Sea, the article examines how the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC), sets out what maritime claims States can make in the South China Sea and how it establishes a framework that will enable States to either negotiate maritime boundary agreements or negotiate joint development arrangements (JDAs) in areas of overlapping maritime claims. It provides an avenue whereby the maritime claims of the claimants can be brought into line with international law, potentially allowing for meaningful discussions on cooperation and maritime joint development based on areas of overlapping maritime claims defined on the basis of the LOSC.
    [Show full text]