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Females Influence Brain Evolution: Dance Complexity Related to Volume of a Sensorimotor Region in Manakins Wilson Helmhout University of Mississippi
University of Mississippi eGrove Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors Theses Honors College) 2016 Females Influence Brain Evolution: Dance Complexity Related to Volume of a Sensorimotor Region in Manakins Wilson Helmhout University of Mississippi. Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Helmhout, Wilson, "Females Influence Brain Evolution: Dance Complexity Related to Volume of a Sensorimotor Region in Manakins" (2016). Honors Theses. 962. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis/962 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College) at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FEMALES INFLUENCE BRAIN EVOLUTION: DANCE COMPLEXITY RELATED TO VOLUME OF A SENSORIMOTOR REGION IN MANAKINS By Wilson Helmhout A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College. Oxford 2016 Approved by __________________________________ Advisor: Dr. Lainy Day __________________________________ Reader: Dr. Kenneth Sufka __________________________________ Reader: Dr. Christopher Leary i ©2016 Wilson Helmhout ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT WILSON HELMHOUT: Dance Complexity Related to Volume of a Sensorimotor Region in Manakins (Under the Direction of Lainy Day) Manakins are a family of birds the males of which use acrobatic, non-vocal display behaviors to attract females to mate. Across the manakin family (Pipridae), species perform displays of varying complexities with variation in the number and type of display sites, acrobatics, and number of mechanical sounds. -
2021.09.01.458616.Full.Pdf
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.01.458616; this version posted September 2, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. microRNAs as Indicators into the Causes and Consequences of Whole Genome Duplication Events Kevin J. Peterson1*, Alan Beavan2,3, Peter Chabot1, Mark L. McPeek1, Davide Pisani2,3, Bastian Fromm4, and Oleg Simakov5 Addresses: 1. Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover NH 03755 USA 2. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom 3. School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom 4. The Arctic University Museum of Norway, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway 5. Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria * Author for correspondence Kevin J. Peterson Department of Biological Sciences 321 Life Sciences Center Dartmouth College 78 College St. Hanover, NH 03755 USA 603-646-0215 (v) [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.01.458616; this version posted September 2, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Whole genome duplications (WGDs) have long been considered the causal mechanism underlying the dramatic increase in vertebrate morphological complexity relative to invertebrates. -
A New Species of Skin-Feeding Caecilian and the First Report of Reproductive Mode in Microcaecilia (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Siphonopidae)
A New Species of Skin-Feeding Caecilian and the First Report of Reproductive Mode in Microcaecilia (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Siphonopidae) The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Wilkinson, Mark, Emma Sherratt, Fausto Starace, and David J. Gower. 2013. A new species of skin-feeding caecilian and the first report of reproductive mode in Microcaecilia (amphibia: gymnophiona: siphonopidae). PLoS ONE 8(3): e57756. Published Version doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057756 Accessed February 19, 2015 12:00:32 PM EST Citable Link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:10682457 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University's DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA (Article begins on next page) A New Species of Skin-Feeding Caecilian and the First Report of Reproductive Mode in Microcaecilia (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Siphonopidae) Mark Wilkinson1, Emma Sherratt1,2*, Fausto Starace3, David J. Gower1 1 Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, 2 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts United States of America, 3 BP 127, 97393 Saint Laurent du Maroni Cedex, French Guiana Abstract A new species of siphonopid caecilian, Microcaecilia dermatophaga sp. nov., is described based on nine specimens from French Guiana. The new species is the first new caecilian to be described from French Guiana for more than 150 years. -
Pipridae) and of the Cotingas (Cotingidae) Based on Morphology
OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN A TEST OF THE MONOPHYLY OF THE MANAKINS (PIPRIDAE) AND OF THE COTINGAS (COTINGIDAE) BASED ON MORPHOLOGY ABSTRACT.-Pmm, Richard 0. A test of the monophyly of the manakins (Pipridae) and of the cotingas (Cotingidae) based on morphology. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool., Uniu. Michigan, 723:I-44,6jigs. A phylogenetic analysis of the Tyr- annoidea is performed as a test of the monophyly of the manakins (Pipri- dae) and of the cotingas (Cotingidae). The 12 morphological characters surveyed include the traditional characters used to define the families and other morphological features taken from observations of tyrannoid syr- inges and hindlimb arteries. Five traditional characters are phylogeneti- cally uninformative. The remaining seven characters support 25 maxi- mally parsimonious phylogenetic hypotheses of length 10 (CI = 0.70). A strict consensus tree based on these trees has few resolved clades, but indicates that neither the Pipridae nor the Cotingidae as traditionally defined is monophyletic. Six currently recognized genera of Pipridae- Schiffornis, Sapayoa, Piprites, Neopipo, Neopelma, and Tyranneutes-share de- rived morphological characters with other, non-piprid tyrannoids. The other eleven piprid genera-4hloropip0, Xenopipo, Antilophia, Heterocercus, Machaeropterus, Manacus, Corapipo, Ilicura, Masiur, Chiroxiphia, and Pipra- form a clade diagnosed by the dorsal fusion of the B1-2 syringeal sup- porting elements. A large clade including most cotingids is supported by a derived syringeal muscle character and provides evidence of the mono- phyly of the cotingids, but this character conflicts with other derived morphological features. Additional data are required to resolve many portions of tyrannoid higher-level phylogeny. -
Evolution of the P53-MDM2 Pathway Emma Åberg1, Fulvio Saccoccia1, Manfred Grabherr1, Wai Ying Josefin Ore1, Per Jemth1* and Greta Hultqvist1,2*
Åberg et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:177 DOI 10.1186/s12862-017-1023-y RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Evolution of the p53-MDM2 pathway Emma Åberg1, Fulvio Saccoccia1, Manfred Grabherr1, Wai Ying Josefin Ore1, Per Jemth1* and Greta Hultqvist1,2* Abstract Background: The p53 signalling pathway, which controls cell fate, has been extensively studied due to its prominent role in tumor development. The pathway includes the tumor supressor protein p53, its vertebrate paralogs p63 and p73, and their negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4. The p53/p63/p73-MDM system is ancient and can be traced in all extant animal phyla. Despite this, correct phylogenetic trees including both vertebrate and invertebrate species of the p53/p63/p73 and MDM families have not been published. Results: Here, we have examined the evolution of the p53/p63/p73 protein family with particular focus on the p53/ p63/p73 transactivation domain (TAD) and its co-evolution with the p53/p63/p73-binding domain (p53/p63/p73BD) of MDM2. We found that the TAD and p53/p63/p73BD share a strong evolutionary connection. If one of the domains of the protein is lost in a phylum, then it seems very likely to be followed by loss of function by the other domain as well, and due to the loss of function it is likely to eventually disappear. By focusing our phylogenetic analysis to p53/p63/ p73 and MDM proteins from phyla that retain the interaction domains TAD and p53/p63/p73BD, we built phylogenetic trees of p53/p63/p73 and MDM based on both vertebrate and invertebrate species. -
Brazil's Eastern Amazonia
The loud and impressive White Bellbird, one of the many highlights on the Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 tour (Eduardo Patrial) BRAZIL’S EASTERN AMAZONIA 8/16 – 26 AUGUST 2017 LEADER: EDUARDO PATRIAL This second edition of Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia was absolutely a phenomenal trip with over five hundred species recorded (514). Some adjustments happily facilitated the logistics (internal flights) a bit and we also could explore some areas around Belem this time, providing some extra good birds to our list. Our time at Amazonia National Park was good and we managed to get most of the important targets, despite the quite low bird activity noticed along the trails when we were there. Carajas National Forest on the other hand was very busy and produced an overwhelming cast of fine birds (and a Giant Armadillo!). Caxias in the end came again as good as it gets, and this time with the novelty of visiting a new site, Campo Maior, a place that reminds the lowlands from Pantanal. On this amazing tour we had the chance to enjoy the special avifauna from two important interfluvium in the Brazilian Amazon, the Madeira – Tapajos and Xingu – Tocantins; and also the specialties from a poorly covered corner in the Northeast region at Maranhão and Piauí states. Check out below the highlights from this successful adventure: Horned Screamer, Masked Duck, Chestnut- headed and Buff-browed Chachalacas, White-crested Guan, Bare-faced Curassow, King Vulture, Black-and- white and Ornate Hawk-Eagles, White and White-browed Hawks, Rufous-sided and Russet-crowned Crakes, Dark-winged Trumpeter (ssp. -
Searching the Evolutionary Origin of Epithelial Mucus Protein Components—Mucins and FCGBP Article Open Access
Searching the Evolutionary Origin of Epithelial Mucus Protein Components—Mucins and FCGBP Tiange Lang1,2, Sofia Klasson1, Erik Larsson1, Malin E. V. Johansson1, Gunnar C. Hansson1, and Tore Samuelsson*,1 1Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 2Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Associate editor: Katja Nowick Abstract The gel-forming mucins are large glycosylated proteins that are essential components of the mucus layers covering epithelial cells. Using novel methods of identifying mucins based on profile hidden Markov models, we have found a large number of such proteins in Metazoa, aiding in their classification and allowing evolutionary studies. Most vertebrates have 5–6 gel-forming mucin genes and the genomic arrangement of these genes is well conserved throughout verte- brates. An exception is the frog Xenopus tropicalis with an expanded repertoire of at least 26 mucins of this type. Furthermore, we found that the ovomucin protein, originally identified in chicken, is characteristic of reptiles, birds, and amphibians. Muc6 is absent in teleost fish, but we now show that it is present in animals such as ghost sharks, dem- onstrating an early origin in vertebrate evolution. Public RNA-Seq data were analyzed with respect to mucins in zebrafish, frog, and chicken, thus allowing comparison in regard of tissue and developmental specificity. Analyses of invertebrate proteins reveal that gel-forming-mucin type of proteins is widely distributed also in this group. Their presence in Cnidaria, Porifera, and in Ctenophora (comb jellies) shows that these proteins were present early in metazoan evolution. -
Published Version
PUBLISHED VERSION Mark Wilkinson, Emma Sherratt, Fausto Starace, David J. Gower A new species of skin-feeding caecilian and the first report of reproductive mode in Microcaecilia (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Siphonopidae) PLoS ONE, 2013; 8(3):e57756-1-e57756-11 © 2013 Wilkinson et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Originally published at: http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057756 PERMISSIONS http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 29 June 2017 http://hdl.handle.net/2440/106056 A New Species of Skin-Feeding Caecilian and the First Report of Reproductive Mode in Microcaecilia (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Siphonopidae) Mark Wilkinson1, Emma Sherratt1,2*, Fausto Starace3, David J. Gower1 1 Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, 2 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts United States of America, 3 BP 127, 97393 Saint Laurent du Maroni Cedex, French Guiana Abstract A new species of siphonopid caecilian, Microcaecilia dermatophaga sp. nov., is described based on nine specimens from French Guiana. The new species is the first new caecilian to be described from French Guiana for more than 150 years. It differs from all other Microcaecilia in having fewer secondary annular grooves and/or in lacking a transverse groove on the dorsum of the first collar. Observations of oviparity and of extended parental care in M. dermatophaga are the first reproductive mode data for any species of the genus. -
The Displays of the White-Throated Manakin Corapipo Gutturalis in Suriname
IBIS 128: 91-102 The displays of the White-throated Manakin Corapipo gutturalis in Suriname RICHARD OWEN PRUM Museum of Zoology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Accepted 15 April 1985 The courtship displays of the White-throated Manakin Corapipo gutturalis (Pipridae) were observed in the Brownsberg Nature Preserve, Suriname, for over 50 h on 17 days between 17 October and 17 December 1982, and the display elements and calls are described. Males perform displays from perches in trees, in flight and on mossy fallen logs. The perch displays are performed as preliminaries to the log- approach displays which are given while in flight towards the log. The log-approach displays vary in length and complexity from a short flight from a nearby perch down to the log, to a dramatic flight above the canopy and back to the log. As males land, they perform a series of aerial manoeuvres and give a complex vocal and mechanical display call. Males may also perform a slower silent moth-flight log approach. The log displays are the culminating elements of courtship and copulation is known to take place there (Davis, T.A.W. 1949. Ibis 91: 146-147). All the courtship displays can be performed either solitarily by a single male or by a group of up to seven males which compete simultaneously for access to single display sites at a series of different logs. Fourteen display logs were located dispersed in two areas 250 m wide which were separated by 350 m, but it was not determined whether these areas constituted separate leks with different pools of possible mates. -
A Comparative Genomic and Transcriptional Survey Providing Novel Insights Into Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (Bmp2) in Fishes
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article A Comparative Genomic and Transcriptional Survey Providing Novel Insights into Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (bmp2) in Fishes Guang Yang 1,2, Zhendong Qin 1, Hongyan Kou 1, Rishen Liang 1, Lijuan Zhao 1, Shoujia Jiang 3, Li Lin 1,* and Kai Zhang 1,4,* 1 Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology, Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; [email protected] (G.Y.); [email protected] (Z.Q.); [email protected] (H.K.); [email protected] (R.L.); [email protected] (L.Z.) 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China 3 Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China; [email protected] 4 Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 93117, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.L.); [email protected] (K.Z.); Tel.: +86-133-4280-5517 (L.L.); +86-185-9810-9029 (K.Z.) Received: 12 November 2019; Accepted: 3 December 2019; Published: 5 December 2019 Abstract: Intermuscular bones (IBs) are only found in the muscles of fish. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (bmp2) is considered to be the most active single osteogenesis factor. It promotes cell proliferation and differentiation during bone repair, as well as inducing the formation of bones and cartilages in vivo. -
Towards Evidence-Based Husbandry for Caecilian Amphibians: Substrate Preference in Geotrypetes Seraphini (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Dermophiidae)
RESEARCH ARTICLE The Herpetological Bulletin 129, 2014: 15-18 Towards evidence-based husbandry for caecilian amphibians: Substrate preference in Geotrypetes seraphini (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Dermophiidae) BENJAMIN TAPLEY1*, ZOE BRYANT1, SEBASTIAN GRANT1, GRANT KOTHER1, YEDRA FEL- TRER1, NIC MASTERS1, TAINA STRIKE1, IRI GILL1, MARK WILKINSON2 & DAVID J GOWER2 1Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY 2Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD *Corresponding author email: [email protected] ABSTRACT - Maintaining caecilians in captivity provides opportunities to study life-history, behaviour and reproductive biology and to investigate and to develop treatment protocols for amphibian chytridiomycosis. Few species of caecilians are maintained in captivity and little has been published on their husbandry. We present data on substrate preference in a group of eight Central African Geotrypetes seraphini (Duméril, 1859). Two substrates were trialled; coir and Megazorb (a waste product from the paper making industry). G. seraphini showed a strong preference for the Megazorb. We anticipate this finding will improve the captive management of this and perhaps also other species of fossorial caecilians, and stimulate evidence-based husbandry practices. INTRODUCTION (Gower & Wilkinson, 2005) and little has been published on the captive husbandry of terrestrial caecilians (Wake, 1994; O’ Reilly, 1996). A basic parameter in terrestrial The paucity of information on caecilian ecology and caecilian husbandry is substrate, but data on tolerances and general neglect of their conservation needs should be of preferences in the wild or in captivity are mostly lacking. concern in light of global amphibian declines (Alford & Terrestrial caecilians are reported from a wide range of Richards 1999; Stuart et al., 2004; Gower & Wilkinson, soil pH (Gundappa et al., 1981; Wake, 1994; Kupfer et 2005). -
The Round Goby Genome Provides Insights Into Mechanisms That May Facilitate Biological Invasions
Adrian-Kalchhauser et al. BMC Biology (2020) 18:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-019-0731-8 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The round goby genome provides insights into mechanisms that may facilitate biological invasions Irene Adrian-Kalchhauser1,2* , Anders Blomberg3†, Tomas Larsson4†, Zuzana Musilova5†, Claire R. Peart6†, Martin Pippel7†, Monica Hongroe Solbakken8†, Jaanus Suurväli9†, Jean-Claude Walser10†, Joanna Yvonne Wilson11†, Magnus Alm Rosenblad3,12†, Demian Burguera5†, Silvia Gutnik13†, Nico Michiels14†, Mats Töpel2†, Kirill Pankov11†, Siegfried Schloissnig15† and Sylke Winkler7† Abstract Background: Theinvasivebenthicroundgoby(Neogobius melanostomus) is the most successful temperate invasive fish and has spread in aquatic ecosystems on both sides of the Atlantic. Invasive species constitute powerful in situ experimental systems to study fast adaptation and directional selection on short ecological timescales and present promising case studies to understand factors involved the impressive ability of some species to colonize novel environments. We seize the unique opportunity presented by the round goby invasion to study genomic substrates potentially involved in colonization success. Results: We report a highly contiguous long-read-based genome and analyze gene families that we hypothesize to relate to the ability of these fish to deal with novel environments. The analyses provide novel insights from the large evolutionary scale to the small species-specific scale. We describe expansions in specific cytochromeP450enzymes,aremarkablydiverse innate immune system, an ancient duplication in red light vision accompanied by red skin fluorescence, evolutionary patterns of epigenetic regulators, and the presence of osmoregulatory genes that may have contributed to the round goby’s capacity to invade cold and salty waters. A recurring theme across all analyzed gene families is gene expansions.