DOCSLIB.ORG

《说文解字注笺》研究 = a Study of Shuowen Jiezi Zhujian

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
《说文解字注笺》研究 = a Study of Shuowen Jiezi Zhujian A Study of Shuowen Iiezi Zhujian MA,Hui m± PhD University of Technology, Sydney 2008 CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORSHIP/ORIGINALITY I certify that the work in this thesis has not previously been submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research work and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. ' Signature of Student Mtt , ~ :YG~Jlft~. ~HllfBJ-m!JU711P:ml&Yta<J~il o ,r_,r:pt~·tftr~~~WJ:~HJ<J!Jt, ~ § C.#iJ~H~l~B<J A~JJJ.f~ii3C 7 ~-m-mxfer B B fi]?J(i!jjltt 7 x~ff]j(frl 1 L'lfiLrfJ~!fi:o ~~. ~mtt•.-~~~~m&o~oo~•a•~B<J~&"~·•&~~-~§c.~~B<J ~~JXl'*~~JAfitjj!iJgf-~~;tt. ~~ifl~®*~=1~HIJB'1~~JJj~1tii71-tl/JtnJ o imifJJJ!5Fi:IB<Jra~ ~&frl~-31<~B<JY€i?¥:ffi:f$~i:Z#il$ltHtJI!!~Jfr!l7~B<JM~~~~~ffl, 1!~~¥-B~B<JA~m:~ ~~7-~~~:YG~B<J~~o~~~~.~~x~.~~~~~~7. ~B<Jm•~~JJj.~~~ ~nw~.rzrzwm~?¥:~B<J~~~.w~~~n-#ra~B<J~~.~~B<JM~.~rz~•x•. !J!~~rrttm~•o B:-T~W.: "!f~-tB=Mi!I, Wj;r~-tBxilio .. ~J!~x.Ltma<Jf.1i~~m. -tBJ!~ifl ~~ffi$8<J~;£iitlo ·±~~B<J~~M~J!-$WXm*B<loM~~,HB~*··M,~~-~~MB<l*~* ~. &&~~B<J~~.~~~~B<J~~.~r:pa<J~~~~x~~~~~B<J~~~~w~~B<J~~ ;ttiti~'C.'lfn.o Eti-T~~~~-§~~tttt~~. WPJ~Uffla<JmMX+7t~~&. $-7§-~&.~B<J~U£ ~~B<J~tt.~~~~--H. H~7M~~-B<J~-o.M<W.~fi*tt»W~.-WtnJ<W. ~M*tt~~~~m•.~-T~~7~m§31<~~*~"~~m~~~B<J~~o~m~~~~M ~r:p.~~~~ft~§c.~~~~m. m~§a~~~*~.M~n~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~. ~§ a~~~_t:JtJU7 ~-~~~0 ~lit. ·--~~J)ffia<J~ifi;fll~R~!liP~~ifJ~fiH!JJ, ;Jt.~H:~IYff~fJ:. ~~ EJ B! rn-T"rilJM-=f-ft{lE, 1m.Z.*A*~1f~. ~JE.z~. if$mfi~~f'J~&~!fiP~:Jttv1~1tiiEo J)ffiJ~}i*fJ;J.ifi, ~~-~~~J)ijiffJB<J;ttifiitliG~·C.' I ~"~~~~ J§~~tti*A~~ <W.~M*tl: ~~. ~IDJJrJ£~1fifl"ffiB<l*IDi. ~"W.~~ .. a<J~~~~f:fi~zn o ~- 2008~3 iJ -T rp lE ii ~~····················································································································· 1 -, <i$!.:}l:M~tt~> W.l~ ••• •·•••••••••• ·•• •••••• •·••·• •••••• ••• ••••·••••••• ••• ••• •••••• •· •••• ••• ·•• ·•• ••·••• ••• ••• 1 <--), rfl~:®:!f.l¥J~A---<i$!x'M-~>····································································· 1 <= >.. <-m.:}l: »~ e~--- <-mxM~tt »· · · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · ·· ·· · · · · · ·· ···· ··· ·· · · · ... ·.......... ·· .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 <=:> .. <a:tt» Z.ltli:--- <i$!xM~tt~> ·································································· 9 =,~~~<-mxM~l±~>······················································································· 15 (-), t~lfjjl¥J~~~f~·························································································· 16 <=> ... ~~JtA··································································································· 16 <::::::.> ... ~mil¥J~:ifl$32t·························································································· 17 <trY'), <-mxM~t±~» 1¥1~-f'F=f:f:J.;C··········································································· 20 <n> .. <-mxM~tt~> ti<J~*Mt.~··········································································· 22 .=., <-mxM~tt~> 1¥1-1*- 0'~ ··· ··· ······ ................... ········· ······ ··· ········ ···· ··· .................. ··· ··· 2s <-)(i#.XM~tt~>l¥JfA1Ufll:#f7d·············································································· 28 1... f@ f!1J i.lfi'A <-mxM~ ,_ z. 1* i9d ··· · ·· · ·· ·· · ······ ··· · ·· · ·· ·· · ··· ·· · · ·· · ···· · •·· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· · ·· 29 2, ~ f!J.J~ttZ.#~tl·························································································· 33 <=) <-mxM~tt~» l¥Ji$!M#~tl······································· ································· ··· 36 1, 5!.. iJII··· ••• ••••· •••• •• •••• •• • ••••• •••• ••• ••• ••• •• •• •• ••• ••• ••• ••• •• ••• •••• •· • • •• •• •••• ••• ·•• ••• ••• •· •••• ·•· •• • 37 2, "*VII········································································································· 40 3, miJII········································································································· 42 <..::::)(i$!XM~tt~>l¥J~ffli$!M*-*········································································ 45 1, ~***··································································································· 46 2... ~"***•••••• ... ...... ......... ... ...... ........... ... ...... ......... ............... ... ... ............ ... ... 48 3.,. ~5!..*-l:H-··································································································· 50 4, *~~}:E~~~Z.{9lJ···················································································· 51 5, *~~J:E!&~.RZ..~J···················································································· 52 1!9, <-mxM~l:l:~» 1¥1 ~~.&Jt ~n(rg" •••••••••••••••••••••••••• • ••• ••• •••••• •••••••••••• •••••• •••••• ••• ••• ••• ••• 55 ( -) ~.iE' (;g, ~......................... •• • •• • •• • •• • .. •• •• • •• • •• • •• • •• • •• • •• • • •• •• • • • • •• • •• • •• • •• • •• • • • • • • • •• • •• • •• • 57 1, i4.IE <att»Xif ~'7\.::J:$'' M~~~l¥1:t&n···························································· 57 2 ... 1-T.iE «a:r.:t» t~:~ttb «-mx» niTffl¥1~JE.z~········· ····················· ............... ········· 64 iii 4, t&.IE. Ci$G.X» t=F~M~ :>t....B<J~ ~ ········································································ 69 <=) ~Jid, .f~AA··································································································· 73 1 .. m<Fir±» Mff::f~-'i!Ht<rgiHH1Hf!l!:brli:f~B<J~~················································ 73 2 .. m<Fftt» ¥ifl'tt~~UB'-JrUJ~:bn~.f~Jti$GnJJ························································· 75 3, m<Fit±» t=FB<J-®S!sW?tJtttrmJJ.~iiE························································· 79 <..:::: >< i$G.XM~tt~» B<J ~~&~~ ··· ··· ··· · ·· ······ ··· ··· ··· ····· ···· ··· ······· ·· ······ ··· ········· ······ ··· so Ji,(i$G.XM~tt~»B<J:If'..lE.······················································································· 84 <-> ~l}ljl5ff~, A~~..zi'······················································································· 84 <=> **~i$G, ~~'Y'f-t\.1ffi······················································································· 86 <=> m~m~, ~4~::f?R······················································································· ss ;J:;;. ... <i$G.XM~tt.~»~~ ······································· ············ ··· ······ ······ ························ 92 ~~xnvt············································································································ 93 iv c~~M*»£~~m-$~~~~~~~~~~*~,Mff*~,mm~~~~~ *•~*AoWC~~M*tt~~~~MA~~~"~~~**"~-m~M~§·C~~ M*tt»~~~.~~~~~#<mtt»~•~.M~cmtt»~am.•~~~m~~~ ~,"~~~"~~-~~•mo•~~~a"~~~"~~~~~--~~.*~•tt~ ~I*R~MfiMM~7~~c~~M*tt~»~~*··~~Rmffi;*·~~~-~&~ ~~~~~A~~fi.WW7~~~~~~-;®ffl~~~~~.~~7~~~~M~~W ~~~; ~~M~~,fi~~W~~~~W*m-~~B~~a~ttc~~M*tt»tt~~ m~~~~~o~FuBM~~~m~~~~~*~~~~fi.~·~~~mM*~~~m~ H~7U~oMW~~~~~~~~-~.RW~-~&~~.n~~*~~~~~*~~~o V ABSTRACT Written by XU Shen (ca.58-147) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Shuowen Jiezi was the first dictionary in China. This research focuses on Xu Hao's Shuowen Jiezi Zhujian, a book-length annotation of Shuowen Jiezi Zhu by Duan Yucai. Duan's work is one of the most important annotations of Shuowen Jiezi. Intended to make up the shortcomings and elaborate further on the annotations by Duan, Xu Hao's work has been praised for its constructive criticisms and outstanding scholarship in the studies of Shuowen Jiezi. Through substantial textual analysis and extensive reference to various sources, the present research is designed to provide an in-depth examination of Xu Hao's work, with a focus on its contribution to Duan Yucai's annotation of Shuowen Jiezi. The research is carried out in the "xiao xue" tradition, which designates a body of linguistic knowledge and methodology that has a long history and is still taught and studied in Chinese academic community. In the present study, emphasis has been placed the life and the background of the author, the structure and content of the book, the innovations in philology and phonology, and its contribution to the development of ''xiao xue" in the Qing Era. The shortcomings of the work are also critically assessed. vi .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE STRUCTURE of the NAXI PICTOGRAPHIC SCRIPT’ CHAPTER 3 in a DICTIONARY of NAXI PICTOGRAPHS by FANG GUOYU1 Jacob Cawthorne University of Melbourne
    Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area Volume 33.1 — April 2010 TRANSLATION OF ‘THE STRUCTURE OF THE NAXI PICTOGRAPHIC SCRIPT’ CHAPTER 3 IN A DICTIONARY OF NAXI PICTOGRAPHS BY FANG GUOYU1 Jacob Cawthorne University of Melbourne Abstract: The aim of this translation is to make accessible in English one of the most important chapters of the influential work A Dictionary of Naxi Pictographs, by Fang Guoyu, to a wider audience.2 Through his work, Fang became a chief protagonist in bringing the attention and interest of the Chinese government and intelligentsia upon the Naxi people, the Dongba religion and the script during the mid to late 20th century. Although more contemporary research has superseded Fang’s efforts, his work is still widely used by both Chinese and Western academics as the basis for their research on the script. The core purpose of this chapter is to analyse the structure of the Naxi pictographic script. Fang achieves this by classifying the pictographs into ten categories in accordance with theoretical principles adapted from the liu shu (六书), or six categories of Chinese characters. A discussion of the key features of each category is made and accompanied by examples to further illustrate the distinctive features of each category. A summation on the relevance of the script to the study of writing systems in general is completed at the end of the chapter. In addition, Fang also analyses the Naxi phonographic script as a script in its own right, and its relationship with the Naxi pictographic script. Keywords: Naxi, pictographs, Dongba, Geba, Tibeto-Burman language, writing system.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chinese Script T � * 'L
    Norman, Jerry, Chinese, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 1 3.1 Th e beginnings of Chinese writing 59 3 FISH HORSE ELEPHANT cow (yu) (m ii) (xiimg) (niu) " The Chinese script t � * 'l Figure 3.1. Pictographs in early Chinese writing 3.1 The beginnings of Chinese writing1 The Chinese script appears as a fully developed writing system in the late Shang .dynasty (fourteenth to eleventh centuries BC). From this period we have copious examples of the script inscribed or written on bones and tortoise shells, for the most part in the form of short divinatory texts. From the same period there also Figure 3.2. The graph fo r quiin'dog' exist a number of inscriptions on bronze vessels of various sorts. The former type of graphic record is referred to as the oracle bone script while the latter is com­ of this sort of graph are shown in Figure 3.1. The more truly representational a monly known· as the bronze script. The script of this period is already a fully graph is, the more difficult and time-consuming it is to depict. There is a natural developed writing system, capable of recording the contemporary Chinese lan­ tendency for such graphs to become progressively simplified and stylized as a guage in a complete and unambiguous manner. The maturity of this early script writing system matures and becomes more widely used. As a result, pictographs has suggested to many scholars that it must have passed through a fairly long gradually tend to lose their obvious pictorial quality. The graph for qui'in 'dog' period of development before reaching this stage, but the few examples of writing shown in Figure 3.2 can serve as a good illustration of this sort of development.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanization in the Field of Classical Chinese Dictionaries
    Title Japanization in the Field of Classical Chinese Dictionaries Author(s) Ikeda, Shoju Citation Journal of the Graduate School of Letters, 6, 15-25 Issue Date 2011-03 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/44945 Type bulletin (article) File Information JGSL6-2.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Journal of the Graduate School of Letters,Hokkaido University Vol.6;pp.15-25,March 2011 15 Japanization in the Field of Classical Chinese Dictionaries Shoju IKEDA Abstract:How did dictionaries arranged by radical undergo Japanization?In the following I shall take up for consideration the Tenrei bansh썚omeigi,Shinsenjiky썚o,and Ruiju my썚ogi sh썚oand consider this question by examining in particular their relationship with the original version of the Chinese Yupian,compiled in 543 by Gu Yewang of the Liang.There is much that needs to be said about early Japanese dictionaries.In this paper I have focused on their relationship with the Yupian and have discussed questions such as its position as a source among Buddhist monks and its connections with questions pertaining to radicals,in particular the manner in which the arrangement of characters under individual radicals in the Yupian was modified. (Received on December 7,2010) 1.Dictionaries Arranged According to the Shape,Sound and Meaning of Chinese Characters and the Compilation of Early Dictionaries in Japan When considered in light of extant dictionaries,it would seem that dictionaries arranged by radical or classifier(shape)appeared first,followed by dictionaries arranged by meaning,and that dictionaries arranged by pronunciation(sound)came some time later.
    [Show full text]
  • History, Background, Context
    42 History, Background, Context The history of the Qing dynasty is of course the history of hundreds upon hundreds of millions of people. The volume, density, and complexity of the information contained in this history--"history" in the sense of the totality of what really happened and why--even if it were available would be beyond the capacity of any single individual to comprehend. Thus what follows is "history" in another sense--a selective recreation of the past in written form--in this case a sketch of basic facts about major episodes and events drawn from secondary sources which hopefully will provide a little historical background and allow the reader to place Pi Xirui and Jingxue lishi within a historical context. While the history of the Qing dynasty proper begins in 1644, history is continuous. The Jurchen (who would later call themselves Manchus), a northeastern tribal people, had fought together with the Chinese against the Japanese in the 1590s when the Japanese invaded Korea. However in 1609, after a decade of increasing military strength, their position towards the Chinese changed, becoming one of antagonism. Nurhaci1 努爾哈赤 (1559-1626), a leader who had united the Jurchen tribes, proclaimed himself to be their chieftain or Khan in 1616 and also proclaimed the 1See: ECCP, p.594-9, for his biography. 43 founding of a new dynasty, the Jin 金 (also Hou Jin 後金 or Later Jin), signifying that it was a continuation of the earlier Jurchen dynasty which ruled from 1115-1234. In 1618, Nurhaci led an army of 10,000 with the intent of invading China.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Scripts, New Actors: European Encounters with Chinese Writing, 1550-1700 *
    EASTM 26 (2007): 68-116 Old Scripts, New Actors: European Encounters with Chinese Writing, 1550-1700 * Bruce Rusk [Bruce Rusk is Assistant Professor of Chinese Literature in the Department of Asian Studies at Cornell University. From 2004 to 2006 he was Mellon Humani- ties Fellow in the Asian Languages Department at Stanford University. His dis- sertation was entitled “The Rogue Classicist: Feng Fang and his Forgeries” (UCLA, 2004) and his article “Not Written in Stone: Ming Readers of the Great Learning and the Impact of Forgery” appeared in The Harvard Journal of Asi- atic Studies 66.1 (June 2006).] * * * But if a savage or a moon-man came And found a page, a furrowed runic field, And curiously studied line and frame: How strange would be the world that they revealed. A magic gallery of oddities. He would see A and B as man and beast, As moving tongues or arms or legs or eyes, Now slow, now rushing, all constraint released, Like prints of ravens’ feet upon the snow. — Herman Hesse 1 Visitors to the Far East from early modern Europe reported many marvels, among them a writing system unlike any familiar alphabetic script. That the in- habitants of Cathay “in a single character make several letters that comprise one * My thanks to all those who provided feedback on previous versions of this paper, especially the workshop commentator, Anthony Grafton, and Liam Brockey, Benjamin Elman, and Martin Heijdra as well as to the Humanities Fellows at Stanford. I thank the two anonymous readers, whose thoughtful comments were invaluable in the revision of this essay.
    [Show full text]
  • Concise English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary Free
    FREECONCISE ENGLISH-CHINESE CHINESE-ENGLISH DICTIONARY EBOOK Manser H. Martin | 696 pages | 01 Jan 2011 | Commercial Press,The,China | 9787100059459 | English, Chinese | China Excerpt from A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers | Penguin Random House Canada Notable Chinese dictionariespast and present, include:. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia list article. Dictionaries of Chinese. List of Concise English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary dictionaries. Categories : Chinese dictionaries Lists of reference books. Concise English- Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Add links. First Chinese dictionary collated in single-sort alphabetical order of pinyin, John DeFrancis. A Chinese-English Dictionary. Herbert Allen Giles ' bestselling dictionary, 2nd ed. A Dictionary of the Chinese Language. A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language. Small Seal Script orthographic primer, Li Si 's language reform. Chinese Concise English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary English Dictionary. Popular modern general-purpose encyclopedic dictionary, 6 editions. Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese. Tetsuji Morohashi 's Chinese- Japanese character dictionary, 50, entries. Oldest extant Chinese dictionary, semantic field collationone of the Thirteen Classics. Yang Xiongfirst dictionary of Chinese regional varieties. Le Grand Ricci or Grand dictionnaire Ricci de la langue chinoise,". First orthography dictionary of the regular script. Grammata Serica Recensa. Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects. Compendium of dictionaries for 42 local varieties of Chinese. Zhang Yi 's supplement to the Erya. Rime dictionary expansion of Qieyunsource for reconstruction of Middle Chinese.
    [Show full text]
  • The Original Meaning of the Chinese Character for “Beauty”
    Filozofski vestnik Letnik/Volume XXII • Številka/Number 2 • 2001 • 141-159 THE ORIGINAL MEANING OF THE CHINESE CHARACTER FOR “BEAUTY” J ianping G ao l “Beauty” is translated into Chinese as Џ, (mei) and “Aesthetics” as -^ c ^ (meixue) (literally meaning the studies of the beauty). The compound ( meixue) is new in Chinese and its origin is due to translation in modern time. But indigenous in China is the word mei (beauty), which appearred as early as more than 3000 years ago. The very first question in aesthetics was probably “what is beauty?” The concept of beauty in the mind of ancient Chinese is not necessarily identical with that in the mind of modern people, but an investigation of it may be of some interest to today’s aesthetic inquiry, and, as we shall see, it already attracts attention of some scholars in the fields of both linguistics and aesthetics. “ ЏЈ’ (beauty) is traditionally considered to be composed of two characters: (sheep) and (large). A large sheep will supply plenty of delicious meat. This explanation comes from ShuowenJiezi (100 A.D.), a pioneering book on the research of Chinese characters: Џ. (beauty) means delicious. It is composed of (sheep) and (large). Among six domestic animals (cow, horse, sheep, pig, hen, and dog), sheep are the major sacrificial offerings. Beauty is identical with goodness.1 This opinion was accepted by almost all philologists in ancient China, such as Xu Xuan (917 - 992), Xu Kai (920-974), Duan Yucai (1735 - 1815), Wang Yun (1784 - 1854), and Zhu Junsheng (1788 - 1858), who provided 1 Shuowen Jiezi (literally means “a discription of simply characters and explanation of complex characters”) is a dictionary-like book which was intended to explain Chinese characters on the basis of their forms.
    [Show full text]
  • Norman 1988 Chapter 3.Pdf
    3 The Chinese script 3.1 The beginnings of,CJunese '!riting1 The Chinese script appears "Sa fully ,developed writing system in, the late Shang • :1 r "' I dynasty (f9urteenth to elev~nth cellt,uries ~C). From this pc;riod we have copious examples of the script inscribed or written on bones and tortoise shells, for. the most part in t~e form of short divinatory texts. From the same,period there also e)cist.a number of inscriptiops on bropze vessels of ~aljous sorts. The fprmer type of graphic,rec9rd is referr¥d to ,as th~ oracle ~bsme s~ript while the latter is com­ monly known as the bronze script. The script of. this period is already a fully ,deve!oped writing syst;nt: capable of recordi~~ the.contem.p~rary chinese lan­ guage in a, complete and unampigpous manner. TJle maturity. of this early script has, sqgg~steq to Il!any s~holars that.itJnust have passed through.a fairly long period of development before reaching this stage, but the few, examples of writing whic,h prece<!e th((. ~ourteenth century are unfortunately too sparse to allow any sort of reconstru~tion of. ~4i~ developm~nt,. 2 On \he basis of avaija,ble evidence, hpw~verl it would l)Ot be unreas~.nal;>lp to assup1e., ;h,at Chine~e 'Vriting began sometime in the early Shang or even somewhat earlier in the late Xia dynasty or approximately in the seventeenth century BC (Qiu 1978, 169). From the very beginning the Chinese writing system has basically been mor­ phemic: that is, almost every graph represents a single morph~me.
    [Show full text]
  • Learning Chinese Characters Through Applied
    Learning(g Chinese Characters (汉字)g) through Applied Pattern Recognition Dr. Ta’id HOLMES (博士·福尔摩斯·大山) TIP SAP Research SE&T Non-Objectives Scientific Talk Relevancy &C& Completeness of fC Content Writing & Spea kin g © 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 2 Objectives Activating your Intrinsic “Research Gene“ Raising your Curiosity Boost your Creativity, Motivation, & Happiness Gain a Basic Understanding of Written Chinese Develop a Profound Appreciation for the Different © 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 3 Agenda (政纲) 1 Facts (事实) 2 History (历史) 3 Examples (实例) 4 Outlook (图景) © 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 4 Facts (事实): Some Metrics 100,000+ characters 2000 simplified characters 3000 99% of characters used in newspapers 4000 you may consider yourself educated 6000 to read literature or Classical Chinese 1,300,000+ speakers © 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 5 Total Number of Chinese Characters (汉字) Year Name of dictionary Number of characters 100 Shuowen Jiezi 9,353 543? Yupian 12,158 601 Qieyun 16,917 997 Longkan Shoujian 26,430 1011 Guangyun 26,194 1039 Jiyun 53, 525 1615 Zihui 33,179 1675 Zhengzitong 33, 440 1716 Kangxi Zidian 47,035 1916 Zhonghua Da Zidian 48,000 1989 Hanyu Da Zidian 54,678 1994 Zhonghua Zihai 85,568 2004 Yitizi Zidian 106,230 © 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 6 1 Facts (事实) 2 History (历史) 3 Examples (实例) 4 Outlook (图景) © 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 7 History (历史) Jiǎhú (賈湖) symbols: 6600-6200 BC © 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 8 Shang Dynasty (商朝): 1600-1046 BC Oracle bone script (甲骨文) © 2011 SAP AG.
    [Show full text]
  • Language, Likeness, and the Han Phenomenon of Convergence
    Language, Likeness, and the Han Phenomenon of Convergence The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Vihan, Jan. 2012. Language, Likeness, and the Han Phenomenon of Convergence. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:9830346 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA © 2012 - Jan Vihan All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Prof. Michael Puett Jan Vihan Language, Likeness, and the Han Phenomenon of Convergence Abstract Although in the classical Chinese outlook the world can only be made sense of through the means devised by the ancient sages and handed down by the tradition, the art of exegesis has long been a neglected subject. Scholars have been all too eager to dispute what their chosen text says than to pay attention to the nuanced ways in which it hones its tools. This dissertation aims to somewhat redirect the discipline's attention by focusing on Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi . I approach this compendium of Han philology, typically regarded as a repository of disparate linguistic data, as underlied by a tight theoretical framework reducible to one simple idea. I begin with the discussion of the competing visions of the six principles, for two millenia the basis of instruction in the arts of letters. I identify the relationship between abstraction and representation and the principle of convergence as the main points of contention.
    [Show full text]
  • An Inquiry Into the History of the Chinese Terms Jiqi (Machine) and Jixie (Machinery)
    ZHANG BAICHUN AN INQUIRY INTO THE HISTORY OF THE CHINESE TERMS JIQI (MACHINE) AND JIXIE (MACHINERY) Within the context of modern mechanical engineering, the Chinese technical terms jiqi (‘machine’, ‘machinery’, ‘apparatus’), and jixie (‘machinery’, ‘mechanism’, ‘mechanical’), have long been given specialist definitions. In ancient China, however, the two terms were rarely used. Drawing on a selection of relevant texts and docu- ments this essay will trace their occurrences and changes of meaning. 1. JI , QI , AND XIE 1. Ji Ji has many meanings in ancient Chinese. In the early period, one of its basic meanings referred to the trigger mechanism on a crossbow, i.e., something with a controlling function. The Eastern Han glossary Shiming ʑ (Explanations of names, ca. 200 AD) mentions the term in the chapter “Shibing” (Explanations concerning the military): “Nu , the crossbow, is [pronounced like] nu , anger. … [it] is also used to refer to the skill of setting something in motion (ji zhi qiao ) or the guardian mechanism (shuji ) of doors and windows by means of which opening and closing are controlled.”1 In the Shuo- wen jiezi ʠ (Describing the pictograms and explaining the compound characters), published around the same time, we read: “Ji: what controls the beginning is called ji. It is written with [the radical] mu ‘wood’; and it is pronounced like ji .” 2 In the late Ming, Wang Zheng described and explained the crossbow and its ‘controlling mechanism’ (ji) in detail in his Xinzhi zhuqi tushuo ̅ (Illustrated explanations on new machines of all kinds) (cf. Figure 1).3 1 Liu Xi .
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Reading in Late Imperial China, 1000-1800
    A HISTORY OF READING IN LATE IMPERIAL CHINA, 1000-1800 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Li Yu, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2003 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Galal Walker, advisor Professor Mark Bender Professor Cynthia J. Brokaw ______________________________ Professor Patricia A. Sieber Advisor East Asian Languages and Literatures ABSTRACT This dissertation is a historical ethnographic study on the act of reading in late imperial China. Focusing on the practice and representation of reading, I present a mosaic of how reading was conceptualized, perceived, conducted, and transmitted from the tenth to the eighteenth centuries. My central argument is that reading, or dushu, was an indispensable component in the tapestry of cultural life and occupied a unique position in the landscape of social history in late imperial China. Reading is not merely a psychological act of individuals, but also a set of complicated social practices determined and conditioned by social conventions. The dissertation consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 discusses motivation, scope, methodology, and sources of the study. I introduce a dozen different Chinese terms related to the act of reading. Chapter 2 examines theories and practices of how children were taught to read. Focusing on four main pedagogical procedures, namely memorization, vocalization, punctuation, and explication, I argue that the loud chanting of texts and the constant anxiety of reciting were two of the most prominent themes that ran through both the descriptive and prescriptive discourses on the history of reading in late imperial ii China.
    [Show full text]