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Luoghi Di Culto Extraurbani Della Sicilia Occidentale: Presenza Indigena, Fenicio-Punica E Greca

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Luoghi Di Culto Extraurbani Della Sicilia Occidentale: Presenza Indigena, Fenicio-Punica E Greca Dipartimento di Storia, Culture e Religioni Dottorato di Ricerca in Storia Religiosa XXVI ciclo Luoghi di culto extraurbani della Sicilia occidentale: presenza indigena, fenicio-punica e greca. Un’analisi storico-religiosa. Dottoranda: D’Aleo Alessia A.A. 2013/2014 1 “Che cos'è il Mediterraneo? Molte cose allo stesso tempo. Non un paesaggio ma molteplici paesaggi. Non un mare ma un susseguirsi di mari. Non una civiltà, ma diverse civiltà sovrapposte le une alle altre”. Il Mediterraneo Fernand Braudel “Non v’è guerra che non abbia pause di pace, non v’è scontro di culture che non sia pure incontro”. Sabatino Moscati I mille segreti di Mozia, La stampa 12 febbraio 1987 2 Sommario Abbreviazioni........................................................................................................5 Introduzione .........................................................................................................7 I luoghi di culto extraurbani della Sicilia occidentale: status quaestionis e criteri di selezione...............................................................................................................9 Problematiche di una ricerca: Metodo di analisi e stato della documentazione...18 Questioni di definizione.......................................................................................23 Capitolo 1 ...........................................................................................................28 L’area fenicia.......................................................................................................28 1.1 Mozia............................................................................................................28 1.2 Palermo .......................................................................................................33 1.3 Monte Adranone............................................................................................40 1.4 Conclusioni ..................................................................................................43 Capitolo 2............................................................................................................45 L’area elima.........................................................................................................45 2.1 Segesta.........................................................................................................45 2.2 Erice..............................................................................................................52 2.3 Entella...........................................................................................................64 2.4. Conclusioni..................................................................................................66 Capitolo 3............................................................................................................69 L’area greca........................................................................................................69 3.1 Himera..........................................................................................................69 3.2 Selinunte.......................................................................................................71 3.3 Agrigento.......................................................................................................89 3.4 Gela..............................................................................................................98 3.5 Conclusioni.................................................................................................106 Capitolo 4..........................................................................................................109 3 L’area sicana.....................................................................................................109 4.1 L’entroterra di Himera..................................................................................110 4.2 La costa nei pressi di Agrigento..................................................................120 4.3 L’entroterra di Agrigento e la valle del Platani.............................................124 4.4 Conclusioni.................................................................................................130 Capitolo 5 .........................................................................................................135 Luoghi di culto extra-urbani: permanenza di una tipologia................................135 5.1 La “montagna sacra” di Palermo.................................................................135 5.2 Conclusioni.................................................................................................156 Carte e Immagini...............................................................................................168 Bibliografia........................................................................................................211 Sitografia...........................................................................................................266 4 Abbreviazioni AC Archeologia Classica. Roma. AION Annali dell’Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli. Napoli. AION(archeol)Annali di archeologia e storia antica. Napoli. AJA American journal of archaeology. Boston. AnnPerugia Annali della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell’Università di Perugia. Perugia. ARG Archiv für Religionsgeschichte. Berlin. ASNP Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. Pisa. BABesch Bulletin antieke beschaving = annual papers on classical archaeology. Leiden. BNum Bollettino di Numismatica. Roma. ClAnt Classical antiquity. Berkeley. CCG Cahiers du Centre Gustave-Glotz. Paris. CPh Classical philology. Chicago. CRAI Comptes rendus - Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres. Paris. DHA Dialogues d’histoire ancienne. Besançon. EAA Enciclopedia dell'Arte Antica. Roma. FGrHist Die Fragmente griechischer Historiker. Leiden. GRBS Greek, Roman and Byzantine studies. Durham. IncidAntico Incidenza dell’Antico: dialoghi di storia greca. Napoli. JHS Journal of Hellenic Studies. London. MEP Minima epigraphica et papyrologica. Roma. MonAnt Monumenti antichi. Reale Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. Milano. NSA Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. Notizie degli scavi di antichità. Roma. OA Oriens Antiquus. Roma. OpAth Opuscula Atheniensia. Stockholm. PP La Parola del passato: rivista di studi antichi. Napoli. QUCC Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica. Urbino. QVO Quaderni di Vicino Oriente. Roma. RA Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale. Paris. RAC Rivista di archeologia cristiana. Roma. RAL Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Classe di Scienze Morali, Storiche e Filologiche. Rendiconti. Roma. 5 RE Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Enzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft. Stuttgart. REA Revue des études anciennes. Paris. REG Revue des études grecques. Paris. Rev. Arch. Revue archéologique. Paris. RHR Revue de l’Histoire des Religions. Paris. RFIC Rivista di Filologia e di Istruzione Classica. Torino. RIASA Rivista dell’Istituto Nazionale di Archeologia e Storia dell’Arte. Roma. RSF Rivista di Studi Fenici. Roma. SAI Studi Archeologici Iconografici. Palermo. ScAnt Scienze dell'Antichità. Storia, Archeologia, Antropologia. Roma. SicA Sicilia Archeologica. Trapani. SMEA Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici. Roma. SMSR Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni. Roma. YCIS Yale Classical Studies. New Haven. ZPE Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. Bonn. 6 Introduzione “Dai luoghi di culto deve prendere le mosse qualsiasi indagine sulle religioni dell’Italia antica precristiana. Sono religioni, queste, senza rivelazione, senza libro sacro né dottrina esplicita, complessiva, trasmessa, insegnata ed interpretata. Le reli- gioni italiche e romana si configurano come religioni dell’atto, del rito, che vengono trasmesse oralmente e sotto forma di regole rituali. … In tale quadro, le fonti che si riferiscono esplicitamente al campo religioso sono soprattutto quelle legate al culto e perciò ai luoghi dove questo veniva celebrato, poiché lì erano conservate iscrizioni, offerte, altari, statue, in breve tutto quello che informa sulle religioni dell’Italia anti- ca, e poiché l’organizzazione stessa – la topografia – del recinto sacro rispecchia in qualche modo il culto ivi praticato.”1 Con queste parole Olivier De Cazanove introduceva, nel 2008, all’interno della tavola rotonda seguita al grande convegno di Roma dedicato ai luoghi di culto Saturnia tellus, la presentazione di un ambizioso progetto di ricerca mirato alla crea- zione di uno strumento dedicato alla fruizione degli studiosi di storia delle religioni: l’inventario dei luoghi di culto dell’Italia antica. Lo studioso, nell’illustrare le questioni metodologiche da tenere presenti nel- l’impostazione del progetto, sottolineava in prima istanza il problema della mancanza di univocità nell’utilizzazione del termine “luogo di culto” in quanto il concetto cam- bia a seconda del periodo storico e la stessa geografia sacra dell’Italia antica appare diversa persino da città a città. Se già la natura articolata del politeismo greco co- stringe lo studioso di religioni ad impostare analisi interpretative dei dati sui culti te- nendo sempre conto della componente locale, onde evitare di arrivare a conclusioni falsate da fonti atenocentrice2, si pensi alla varietà degli aspetti cultuali che la religio- ne greca, e poi romana, deve aver assunto nell’Italia antica dopo il fenomeno della 1 De Cazanove-Scheid 2008, 699. 2 Esempio del risultato di tale direzione metodologica ormai presa
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