Fulf Illrent Or the Degree of I

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FLORIDA S1

THE COLOPHOIP:

I Submitted to th Florida State I: fulf illrent or the degree of I

Approv Chapter I. HISTORY ABD DWELOP"P . . . . 4 11. EDITORS AND COloeRIBUTORS...... 28 111. FORMAT...... 50 Iv. COm... . . I... . 60

SUWEURY...... e... 81 APmIX0...... 85 BIBLIOGRAPHY...... 87 WTRODUCT ION

Onme tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci Lectorem delectando pariterque monendo Horace's statement in Ars Poetiea that "he has gained every vote who has mingled profit uith pleasure by delighting the reader at once and inatructhg him'' is as timely in the twentieth century as it was in his Own age. It is delightful to read for pleaaare and instruction at the ame time, but only rarely does the reader find material that satisfies him equally on both oomts. Too often is presented 'more matter uith less art" or form with too little substance. A happy combination conducive to both pleasure and instruction, however, may be found in -The +rter 3. This magazine, which for thirteen years provided readers with entertaining articles concerning bibliography, book illustration, and fine printing, was able to survive the depression, yet was unable to be continued during the period when the nation uas preparing for war. A detailed conaideration of its history and an evaluation of ita contenta is the burden of the paper,

1Tranalation by Wickham, The Oxf ord Dletionars or notations (2d ed.; London: Oxford University Presa, 19533),

1 2 a project which would seem appropriate in the training of a librarian in that the evaluation and selection of maganinea is a part of almost every librmian's dntfes and is of as much importance aa the aelection of books. The 11bFarian is unable to study carewly every magaeine that crosses his desk, and he nust be able to judge quickly the merits of periodicela. It was felt, thereforer that such an endeavor would contribute appreciably to the background of and give perapsctive to thia miter in waking from time to time critical, even if more cursory, evalu- rations of magazines in the futuxe. The Colophon was discovered as a possible subjeot for study through a searoh of the "Births and Deaths" announcementa in the Bulletin of Bibliography.' All

Issue8 of the magazine were available for study and provided a major portion of information used. With the exception of Volume Five of The Colophon and the 2 boprowed fro= Suax=thmore, and The Annual of Boob borrowed from Oberlin College, the volumea of the uere found in the Florida State DniversitJ librarJ. Because of the wealth of information on authors and books contained in The Colophon, it -8 chosen both for

'"Births and Deaths, A Record of New Titlea, Changed Titles, and Deaths In the Periodical World," Bulletin of 9 XvII (1940-1943); XIX 11946-19491; XX (InFn 3 the value of the magazine as a primary and secondary source of material and for the additional background in American and English literature it would glre the writer. Aside from concern with the maga&ins itself, background infomation was found through consulting Reader's Guide to Periodiaal Literature and the leu York Times Index for reviews, and Biography Index and Who's who in America for biographical information.

In presenting the findings of this study, this paper hms been divided into four main parta, covering different phaaea of the periodical. In the first chapter, the history of the magazine ha8 been traced through its Pirst ten years and additional three years of' publication. Although six editors seemed to be the chief personalities connected with the quarterly, contributors mnd contributing

editors influenced the stature of' the magazine. Chapter I1 presents brief biographical information fer moat of the contributing editors and an analysis by prvfesaion of those contributors whose work appeared frequently in The Colonhon. The third chapter is an analysis of the f'onaat, giving characteristics of the quarterly in ita different stylea and including briefly the presses which praduced the uork and the papers and tjpes they used. In Chapter IV the contents of' the quapterly have beem examined fer trends in subject concentration and level of interest. CHAPTER I

HISTORY AND D%vEw)PHEIBT

For ten years, from 1930 to 1940, a quarterly for book collectors entitled The ColoDhon was published in

New York. It ma PnUSUal in that it resembled a book more than a magazine in format and had a great deal of emphasis placed on the typographical quality. The articles sometimes were related to book collecting only indirectly. "By normal standards of value this ambitious project should have enjoyed a succes d'estime, and after a year or two 1 of laudable activity, quietly retired from the scene." Not only did it survive for ten years, but it was resw- Fected in 1948 for three moru years of publication. This is the story of The CsloDhon. A Book Calectorst Quarterlq. The word "colophon" comes to us from ancient Qreece, where it was the name of an Ionian city, the cavalry of which traditionally struck the decisive blew.' From this early association, colophon aame to denote the finishing

'Philip Brooks, "The Latest Colophon,* New York Times Book Review, January 15, 1933, p. 18. 2New York Times, February 14, 1940, p. 19. 4 5 stroke or crowning touch, and scribes and early printers adopted the word to stand for the inscription or device placed at the end or the muacript or book.' Since then, the meaning of the word has been corrupted to connote aay printer's mark or device, no matter where it appears in a book. The editors of the periodical ColoDhon, however, had in mind the original meaning of the word when they named the magazine, for they hoped that the magazine articles would deliver a crowning touch or a finishing stroke to unsolved problems in bibliography and other phases of book collecting. The idea of publishing a book collectors' magazine belonged to Vrest Orton. He took his project first to Bennett Cerl of the Random House publishing company, and then at CerS's suggestion, to Elmer Adler at Pynson Printers. Adler and Orton invited John T. Winterich and

Burton Emmett to join them, and 80 formed the "original Colovhon quartet." One Tuesday in 1928 the fsnrsome met for lunch in a three-step-down restaurant en Fortpsecond Street in New York. For eleven or twelve years thereafter,

Tuesday was Colouhon luncheon day, even though later it was only an egg salad sandwich brought into the Pynson Printers offices from fhs New York Times cafeteria. 2

10xford English Dictionary. 2John T. Winterich, "Through Fire and Flood with the Colophon," Publishersl Wesklg, November 22, 1947, p. 2398. 6 Xach of these four mea who helped tQbring Thc, Colophon to lite uas not only a bibliophile but also had background in the publishing or printing business a8 uell. Vrest Orton's activities prim to the foundfng of Ths Colophon indicated a variety of interests. He had been a partner in the advertising agenty of Baccus and Orton for a short while before going to Mexico as a member of the U.S. Consular Service in 1922. After two years in this government position and two years in the advertiaing department of the American Hercur& he beaame advertising manager of the Saturday Review of Literature. It was while he was uith the Saturday Review that he conceived his idea for a book collectors' magazine. 1 John T. Winterich is remembered most often as a member of the editorial staff of Stars and Stripes, offi- cial newspaper of the American Xxpeditionary Forces (1918-19191, and as managing editor of The Home Sector (1919-1920). After the war he became editor of the American Legion Weekly (later monthly), with uhich publicsltlon he remained for eighteen years. Between 1927 and 1935 he wrote five books on book collecting: A Primer of Book Collsctinq (19271, Collector's Choice (1928), Books and the Man (1929)s (19331, and Early American Books and Printing (1935).2

lwho's Who in America, Vol. XXIX (1956-571, P. 1951.

21bld-9 I Vol. x)NI (1950-511, P. 2994. 7 Elmer Adler had organized Pynson Printers in 1922, and in 1927 had been instrumental in organizing Random House, of which he was vice president for five years. As a result of these two connections with the publishing world, Adler uas in a position to contribute concrete information on the printing of the magazine. Continued study of printing and publishing during the eighteen years he was president OP Ppson Printers enabled him to accept the position as curator of the GPaphic Arts Division of the Princeton University Library in 1940 when The Colophon suspended publication. At his retirement from this position in 1952, he was described as "one of the country's foremost authorities in the field of graphic arts. nl Burton Mett, a graduate of Harthuestern, had spent some years as a newspaper repopter and press agent before entering the advertising basinesa. He had retired from his Newell-Emmett advertising agency in 1926, and at the time of The Colophon founding had become an active patron of the arts, filling two houses with his collections of prints and pare books. Re had served as president of the American Institute of Graphic Arts for two years and had received the institute medal "for service to the graphic arts in America. n2

l"Retlrements," College and Research LibrarLes, XI11 (October 1952), 391. 2New York Times, May 7, 1935, p. 23. 8 With this combination of editors whose background included advertising, editing, and printing, the new magazine had a strong foundation on which to build. In writing about the history of The Colophon, Mr. Winterich conveyed something of the working spirit of these four men who usually accepted each other's judgraents without question. "We had long debates on less than trifles, and adopted vital policies by acclamation. It was all gloriously casual, laissez-faire, amateurish, but was amateurish in the true sense of the word."' For - stance, in adopting the name for the magazine, Elmer Adler's suggestion of The Colophon met with immediate approval. As an explanatory phrase they chose as the subtitle A Book Collectors' Quarterlg. This subtitle was to change to A Quarterly for Collectors of Books, later to A Quarterlx for Bookmen, and still later to A Quarterlr for Booklovers befope finally returning to the original subtitle. Some of the policies were arrived at less quickly. It uas only after mah discussion and careful consideration of possible results that it was decided to limit The Coloph to two thousand copies and to set the subscription price at ten dollars for the year. The scope was outlined to include material an first editions, fine printing, manuscripts, and subjects relating to colleoted and collectable baoka. Not

'John T. Ylnterich, "In the Original Tuenty Parts," Index: The Colophon, 1930-1935 (New York: The Colophon, 1935)s P. 12. 9 more than one article by a contributor was to appear during a year, even though it was recognized that there were many experts in the field who wuld make several accurate, important, and entertaining contributions to each issue. Variety uas sought not only In subject matter and contributors but also in other phases of the work. As Mr. Wlnterich exppessed it,

He wanted variety even in the quality or OUT Con- tributions and of OW contributors. Thus It eventu- ated that one of the half-dozen best articles (in my judgment) which appeared during The Coloahonfs career was written by a collector who, ten months before he wote it, would have been at vast pains to determine whether a sexto-deoimo were a rare South American quadruped or the Xpiscopalian word for Snnday.1 Although timeliness is usually considered a requi- site for newspaper and magazine apticles, it was avoided by The Colophon editors. They uanted content that would have been of as great value ten years prexriiausly as it would be ten years In the futwre, or as it was at the time

Of publication. The problem of adverttsing waa .solved by pitching it out of the window.n2 The prospectus3 circulated late in 1929 outlined a magazine for those who already collected books, with

=m.,p. 11.

‘Ibid-.? P. 10 3A copy of the prospectus is in the appendix. 10 concentration on first editions, fine printing, bibliography, manuscripts, and book illustration. Besides telling prospective subscribers what to expect from me Colophon, it also acted as a guide for the editors. Since the prospectus, like the other aspects of the IUagaZine, was a co-operative project, there was occasional haggling over a phrase, a word, or even a letter. For instance, one lunch period was consumed with the decision of whether to use collectable or collectible. They settled for I. Websterts -able, even though it did not look right. In setting the limitation of two thousand copies the editors had no idea of making the magazine excluaive or a collector's item, but it became evident that there were more book collectors in the world who were waiting for such a slagazine than they had anticipated. Volume One was oversubscribed by six handred, which necessitated the return of checks to friends and strangers alike. Mr . Winterich attributes this overwhelming response to two factors: one, that the "world" was ready to receive the idea of The Colophon; the other, that the roster of contributing editors was a rather impressive one. Sometimes an idea ir set rolling which plops into an unnoted hole that has been waiting for It all along, and a gong rings and a light shines that catch every ear and eye. The idea may be noble or ignoble, sound or precious, but PO matter--some CUltUral or

'Winterich, -,-c., p. 8. 11 emotional or sentimental hunger is appeased thereby, some curiosity assuaged, some selfish interest quickened, and the whole world discovers that it has been waiting through thirsty years for When Kniaht- hood Ma5 In Flower, or the croasuord puzzle, or "Abie'a Irish Rose," OP Eskimo Pie, or The New Yorker, or Tom Thumb golf. To establish The Colophon among these pithy and momentous enterprises may batmen a warped perspective. Twenty-six hundred subacribers can hardly be denominated the whole uorld. But they were more than the world fo as.1 The "impressive" list of contributing editors included the following: W. A. Duiggins, Dard Hunter, Christopher Morley, George P. Winship, FPederio W. Goudy, and Carl P. Rollins. The result of the combination of policies, ideas, and people appeared in February of 1930 with Volume One, Part One of The Coloohon. The most striking feature of the magazine at first glance was its format which looked much more like a book than a periodiaal. Ita size was twenty-one and one-half by twenty-seven centimeter. (eight and one-half by ten and one-half inches), find it was bound in paper on boards. The cover, designed and drawn by Edward A. Wilson, showed an angler sitting under a tree, reading as he fished. The angler, appearing again on the colophon page, stood looking at the statement 'Part I of the Colophon/ A Book Collectors' Quarterly, Issued to Two Thousand Subsoribers, February, Nineteen Hundred & Thirty.D

Six of the ten articles had been print;ed by firms other than Pynsan Prinbers and the colors of the pages varied from pare white to light brown.

I=., P. 9. 12

Fittingly, the first article, by Ruth S. Grnniss, was entitled "Colophons." The variations of the meaning of the word were discussed and contemporary writers were reprimanded for using the word haphazardly. The article was illustrated with reproductlona of some famous Cob- phons. H. L. Mencken, Shermod Anderssn, and William McFee appeaped as the first contributors to the *Breaking Into Print" series. In this series conceived by Bwton Emmett, each author told the story behind his first appeaPmce in print. Invitations were extended to authors who met the qualit'lcations for eminence set by the editors, and the invitation was rarely refused. 1

Also included in Part One were examples of Bruce Rogers' book plates and a surface-inked etohing by A. R. Stavenitz. Leroy Elwood Kemble told of the drawings he made for Huckleberry Finn, George Sargent disci "Firsts, Issues and Points," and Gilbert M. Troxell. p~e aented details of "An Unrecorded Pilgrim's Progress " In a Mew York Times review of Part One, Philip

Brooks said, The typographic interest, while important in thia magazine as contraated with others, is not the dominant; one. There is aubstance in The Colophon, a pleasant commingling of solid and light articles in good pra- portion. And despite the fact that its primary appeal 13 is to sophisticated collectors, only three of its ten contributions can be said to be specifically written for them, and even these might be read with profit by the lay reader.1 With Part One the pattern of The Colophon nas set. A contributor clientele all its own arose, and artists received new commissions for work after their appearances in the quarterly. Unsolicited Contributions had a high rate of acceptability because the Casual essay- ist and article miter were not attracted by this special- ized type of publication.2 Early in 1932 eame the first break in the "charmed circle.' Vrest Orton went to Vermont where he founded the Countryman Press. He remained, however, on the list of contributing editors until 1934. In the 8ummer of that same year Burton Emmett went ti0 Mope leaving Adler and Winterich to edit the publication. When hett returned, Adler went abroad, and The Colophon edited itself so-to-speak, while Burnett and Winterich took vacations. To this arrangement Winterich deolares that such a saying was unfair to the office staff, Miss IEdith Brill and Miss May Greenberg, "who did most of the work anyway, re- gardlesm of who may have been making what ponderous pro- nouncement of policy in the adjacent office."3

lphilip Brooks, "The Colophon Spreads a Rich Repast for the Bibliophile," New Pork Times Book Review, March 23, 1930, P. 2. 2Winterich, kc. cs., p. 12. 3=., P. 13. 14 After Ortonfs departure, Alfred Stdord, who had served as contributing editor the previons year, joined the staff as a full edit;or. His advertising background proved to be of great value to the publication, although he knew little about book collecting and was much more at home in discussions about the sea and sailors about which he had written several books. The uhole promotion program was turned over to him and he uas made editor of "The Colo- phon Crier." This was a broadside that had been introduced in Part Ten to let the readers know about the behind- the-scenes activities of the quarterly. At this time the circulation problem far outweighed all others and it uas hoped that Stanford could uncover some solutions. It must be remembered that when the idea of a ColoDhon was presented in 1928, the editors had no inkling that the nutgazine uonld have to worry through a national depression. As Mr. Uinterieh described it, It was the best of' all possible the8 in the best of all possible worlds. . . . There was no Casaandra to divulge that of all the insane enterprises to which enthusiasm might put a hand, a periodical for book collectors was easily Foolhardy Project Mnmber One. 1 But more influential in The Colophon's financial situation than the depression was the fact that in trying to appeal to the collector of average means, the subscription price was plaaed rather low. The price uas raised from ten

1=., P. 5. 1s to fifteen dollws the second year, but this wa8 too late. Hindsight showed that it would have been just as easy to sell three thousand copies at fifteen dollars the first year, and auch a move would have added twenty-five thonsand dollars to The Colophon reso~rces.~The lid- tation of copies also out down on later sttbscriptions, since only a small proportion of collectors wanted to subscribe to Volumes Two, Three, Four, or Five if they did not have Volume One. The printers received little for their part in the project, for usually they were paid no more then ths actual cost of the job, and frequently less.2 The quarterly was truly a non-profit venture, and only in the broadest sense can it be said that anyone profited from the publication. Frank Altschul, however, had one thousand dollars returned to him from the five thousand dollars with which he had endowed the magazine. The editors had used the money sparingly, drawn on it up to four thausand dollara, and stopped. 3

In April 1932 a Colophon dinner was held at which a book auction uas conducted as a fund-raising project. Two dollar books were disposed of for prices ranging as high as two hkdrsd fifty dollar8. .As an attempted tour de force in periodical promotion it was probablr valueleas,

lIbid-0, P. 8. 21bid-., P. 10. 31bid-a, pa 15. 16

but aa entertainment it was grand. The financia vas triiliag, so that, by ColoPhon arithmetic, i the effect of returning a handsome profit."l As the depression deepened, some aubscriLYaY to sell Valame One, "preferring bread and batter without The Golo~hoato starvation with it,w2 men with the shortage of subscriptions, Elmer Adler retahed his enthusiasm, while Stanford and Wlnterich vere

more cynical and practical. Adler would susge into a high tide of delight if a letter arrived from Shanghai requesting a prospectus (there are thousands of prospectus collectors), but Stanford would sniff aaltily and pronounce: "Better fift Newark than a query from Cathay."3 By October 1934 The COlODhOn def aixteen thousand dollars. "The Colophon to keep subscribers Informed of the fha to plead far ourrent subsaribers to trac scribera. Even with the sisabla, deficit managed to stay afloat. Of this period Mr. WiRteFiCh haa said, "We had no books in black or red, but only in red. The Colophon was initiated as a non-profit enterprise, and it lived up to the premise m&gnificentl~.'4 Nine hmdred subscribers relnained on the rolls from Part One to Part Tventy. During the last year of the original seriea,

lIbid -.t P* 14. 2-., P. 12. 3u.,P. 13. 4-., P. 14. 17 Burton Zmmett had devoted more and more of his time t0 the magazine and had given some of the needed finanaial help. In May 1935, he died, leaving behind him .a monu- ment to his devotion to an adventure in enthnsiaam.”l With the publication sf Part Twenty, oompleting Volume Five, the original aeries of The Colo~honcame to an end in March 1935, and, as the staff launched its New

Series in July of that year, it also published 811 index to the first twenty partn. TheBt;lrtb,psrt of each volume had contained a aimple author, title and printer index, so that by Colophon standards the -Index to the original series had to be something more elaborate than a simple reference book. In addition to the index prepared by Harold A. Mattice of the New York Public Library staff, a history about the magazine by John Winterlch and Peter Beilensonla study of the types and papers were Included. The Colophon presented a problem to the indexer became it was not paged. Since the editors were never sure of the order- of the artieles until they were received from the printer, none of the signatures could be numbered. This being the case, a system was devised in which the referencas to location were indicated by nlnnbers separated by periods. A reference such as 10.7.8 meant: part ten, seventh article or insert, eight pages in the signature.

’u.,P. 15. 18 The subject indexing of Mattice was very minute, leaving few topics unmentioned, and as far as Philip Brooks was concerned, *The only fault one might find with %hework "1 is that the details oeoaaionally seem too intensive. With the New Series the quarter17 finally bowed to the 'mil Era" by making several basic changes in production and format. Pynson Printers took over the printing of the entire magazine. The ntmber of page8 in each issue uas almost doubled although the page size was re- duced, and hand-made paper was no longer used. In a somewhat contrary move, the subscription price was lowered to six dollars with the hope that more subscribers would be attracted.

Advertising was added, and two regular features,

"Notes and Queries" arid the *Crow's Nest," were introduced. "Notes and Queries," edited by Randolph 0. Adams, dealt primarily wlth bibliographical information, while the "Crow's Nest,"2 presided over by Frederick B. Adams, Jr., was a catch-all similar in character to "The Colophon Crier."3

Policy was relaxed to allow articles of a more contemporary nature, and new fields of collecting were given consideration. Reviews in the Hew York Times commende

'Philip Brooks, "Notes on Rare Books," New Yor Times Book Review, March 1, 1936, p. 27. 21nfra, P. 48. 31nfra,- P. 48. 19 some of the changes mentioned above, particularly the trend toward more timely sabjects. Although the list of contributing editors changed, many of the familiaP names continued to appear. Frederick B. Adam, Jr. became a full editor after seming a year's apprenticeship editing the "Crow's Hest," He was ropking in varioua capacities at his fatherts Air Reduction Company and was only twenty-live years old at the time. He had begun collecting books when he was a freshman at Yale and had continued while attendlng Corpus Cbristi College at Cambridge. He has since become Director of the Pierpont Morgan Library and served as president of the Grolier Club.' When he joined

The Colophon staff, he made ti bad first impression by ask- ing if the magazine had a budget. At first no one took him too seriously, but after a great deal of persuasion he did finally win a budget; .it arrived jus* in time to be draped across the casket as the Colophon was borne to its last rest. Or so we thought;.m2 Ben though the New Series got to the point that it occasionally included an original drawing, the format was not as luxurious as the original series. Subsaribers who

lnThe Talk of the Tom,* The New Yorker, December 4, 194.8, PP. 26-27. 2Winterich, Publisher' s Weeklg, November 22, 1947, P. 2398. 20

had been drawn to the magazine primarily bs the tpo-

graphical uniqueness felt that something was ncLSSing in the new form. In an effort to regain some of the old feeling, The Colophon compiled The Annual of Bookmaking, in 1938, a survey of the bookmaking industry during the preceding decade. Each article described the pregreaa of a com- mercial or a private press during the year8 from 1927 to 1937. Its dimensians were reminisoant of the original series. Each article was printed by a different firm with design, paper, and type left to the printer's choice. This brought back the former characteristic of no pagination, but, as is stated at the head of the table of contents, "although the production of the signatures in different plants made pagination impractical, each one is

easily identified." The mual, however, did not seem to be the answer to the cry for return to the old format. According to a New York Times report, there had been occasional deviations from the usual high quality of articles during the three years of the New Series.' As a sort of desperation move, then, a poll of the subscribers was taken to see If they wanted to return to the old format. With a vote firmly in ftzvor of reversion to the old

lBrooks "Notes on Rare Books," New York Timea Book -Review, August 6, 1937, P. 7. 21 style, The Colophon took another turn on its road to pleasing its customurs and brought forth the New Graphic Series. Philip Brooks' reaction to the newest of The Colophons is perhaps a fair description of it. The Hew Graphic Series, if it may be judged by its first number, not only reverts to type and format, it has recaptured the spirit of the original series. None of the spontaneity that animated the old Colophon (which mill henceforth be referred to as "the old, old Colophon") appears to have been lost in the interval of retrenchment. It is possible, in fact, to report certain distinct gains that have been achieved by harkening to the will of the pedpl8.l The advertisements mere gone, the price restored to the fifteen dollars of the earlier volumes, but the two departments from the Weu Series were continued. Adama remained the Ordinary Seaman in the *Crow's Rest," but Lloyd A. Brown took over "Notes and Queriea" during Randolph Adam' illness. With the fQUPth issue of the New @raphia Series came the note entitled "Pair Warning." It read in part: With this issue, The Colophon arrives at a pause, a hiatus, a ceasure, 3-F - --not, its editors hope and trust, at a full stop. A temporary dis- continuance is in order; it is impossible 'GO say at this writing whether the temporariness will take on permanence. It is our hope that the melancholy catalog of "nine volumes, all issued," will never be in order? rather do we envisage, during this interim of non-publication, the description, "nine volumes, all issued so far."

In ten years nine volumes had appeaped. Philip Brooks noted that they would become collector's item in 22 their own right, but he doubted that this was just a breather for the periodical. n . . . and so closes a pleasant and unique chapter in book collecting history. That the same combination of talent, Imagination, enthusiasm, energy and unselfishness will soon be found to bring the venture to life again is to be doubted."' This was a rather prophetie statement, because it was seven years before the wheels were again in mo- tion, and eight years before another issae ma produced. During the war Elmer Adler was at Princeton where he kept the idea of The Colophon alive, along with lbftover Colophon letterheads and the copyright. He frequently mote to

Winterioh, who wars then P colonel with the Officerta Re- serve Corps in Washington, D.C., about ideas fer articles.

Winterich hated to remind him that The Colophon no longer existed . In 1947 the opportunity to revive The Colophon was offered to Adler, Adamre, and Winterich by Philip Duschnes. He was a New York bookseller, who, along with John M. Crawford, had adaired The ColoDhOn. He proposed that The ColoDhon fraachise be picked up by hsohnes Crawford, Inc, The editors hew that reviving the project would mean "trouble, worry, annoyance, vexation, frustration,"

'Ibid-0 S February 25, 1940, p. 23. 2Winterich, Publishers' Weeklj, Hovember 22, 1947, p. 2400. 23 not to mention "loss of friends and sleep." But they also thought that they could have a lot of fun. 1

In 1948 and 1949 eight parts Qf The New Colophon appeared. Printed by one firm, the aize or the magazine was the same as that of the original series. Advertising was again present, and there were several regular features. A "Cowt of Appeals" similar to "lotea and Queries" without the notes was conducted by David A. Randall in all eight issues, and "hrginalia," filling the place of the 'Crow's Best," was under the primary control of Paul A. Bennett. In the rirrt three parts, Paul McPharlin presented "A Sorapbook of Strays" which was unlike any previous department. Carl P. Rollins conducted "Adventures in Typography" in parts Six to Bight. The general impression of the new effort is given by Earle F. Walbridge this way: "One would hardly how that the quarterly had been absent seven eventful years, so little has It changed." The list of contributing editors had undergone the most radieal change, yet, but the familiar names of Dniggins, Hunter, Morley and Winship remained .

'u.,P. 2398. 2%arle P. Walbridge, Review of The New C 001. I, No. 1, The Papers of the BiblioaraDhical of America, XLII (First Quarter, 19481, 91. 24 After tuo years The New ColoDhon gave wag to an annual effort subtitled, A Book-Collectora' Miacellmg. The content of the annual waa roughly equal to that of four issues of the quarterly. The amount of work neces- sary to turn out a quarterly had finally become too muck for the salarglesa staff that was meeting in MP. Duschne shop once a week at lunch hour. The annual publication was also favored on the grounds that npeople would be re- luctant to pay fifteen dollars for B magazine but wouldn't mind paying bat amoundfor a book."' Deoch Fulton became an editor for this issue and brought the editorial group back to its familiar nmber, four. At that time Fnlton nata assistant to the Director of the New York Public Library. He had previously been art director and associate editor of International Studio, and editor of The Art News. 2 The 375-page miscellany, which looked like a book even more than the thinner quarterly volumes, had the same sort of format as The New Colophon, a Only the apecial departments. This nas the la of The Colophon in any form. Although the mag paying for itself, it naa not making money, an

lLetter from John T. Winterich, Ossini March 27, 19-58, '"Notea on Contributors," The New Colophon, Val. 111, P. 359. 25 doubts if it would have continued even if it had been making money. 1

During its tenure, aside from the magazine itself, several books were published under Colophon auspices. The policy for book publishing was that the material should not have been published previously. From 1931 to 1935, four books were published in keeping with this policy. City Child, a collection of poems by Selma Robinson, appeared in 1931. It was the moat exclusive of all the early publications. Lizaited to three hundred copies, it was offered to subscribers of The Colophon at $13.20--one copy to a subscriber. There were illustrations by Roekwell Kent, including an original lithograph by the artist. Each copy was numbered, signed by the author, and thumb printed by the artist.2 Later that same year Summer Islands by Norman Douglas was published. It was illustrated by Howard Willard, and had an issue of five hundred and fifty copies. 3 The City Looking Glass, a play by Robert Montgomery Bird and edited with an introduction by Arthur Hobson *inn, was published in 1933 with four hundred and sixty-five copies. Six hundred and fifty copies of Herman Melville's

lwlnterich, &. &. 2From a prospectus inserted in The Colophon, Part 6. hinterich, Index: The Colophon. 1930-1935, p. 15. 26 Journal UP the Straits were published in 1935 edited vith an introduction by Raymond Weaver In later publications, Colophon polic to emphasize publication of unpublished uork. but to in- cpease sales, the editors decided to issue them as Christ- mas books. In 1936 three hundred and seventy aopies of Nothb So Monstrous by John Steinbeck were printed, with the price set at two dollars a copy. The "Crow's Nest" in the Spring 1938 issue told of the ChPistmas book by MaeKinlay Kantor, Here Lies Holly Spriwa, uhich was being offered. Between five and six hundred copies were being planned, to sel1.1 at

I --at Can two dollars apiece. A subscriber must order at 1--- ywLI copies, each of which would bear a special colophon reading a8 follows: This copy of IWE LIES HOLLY SPRINGS With original illustrations by *e* was made by The Pynson Printers of New York at the request of (donor's name) for presentation to Christmas Nineteen Thirty-eight'

Similarly the 1939 offeping, a story 0: in a Mexican village axound the turn of the cei Ralph Bates, Has offered with promise of the a] phon fbr all those who ordered ten copies or mc .

labid 2nCrowts Nest," The Colophon, New Series, P. 326. 27 Another publication ventnre of The ColoDhon was undertaken in 1937, with the cooperation of Simon and

Schuster, when it brought OQt the volume Breaking Into

-0Print In it were brought together tuenty of the papers that had been written for The Colophon by internationally- known authors about their baptism into the writing world. New copy had been added in the form of brief biographical sketches of the authors and facsimiles of mantiscript pages.' The history of The ColoPhon shows that the adventure in enthusiasm was successful in its own my. Althongh the editors were plagued with keeping the queterly on its feet financially, they maintained a high quality of content. They were flexible enough to make concessions to their high standards of typography, but even in these, they compromised on the luxmy and not on the workmanship. Not content with producing a magazine, the staff also published books appealing to collectors. In spite of its handicaps The Colophon stands as an example of good workmanship and good literature.

'From an advertisement in The COlODhOn, Hew sOF1BS, Vol. 11, P. 476. CHAPTER I1

EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS

The reputation of the contributing editors POP The Colophon waa one of the factors that c.ontribnted to the early suocess of the magazine. The roster of theas editors for Volume One, Part One, excllzding the name8 of the roar editora who modestly placed themselves In this

list, la: Thomas Beer Henry W. Kent Pierce Butler Rockwell Kent W. A. Dwiggins Christopher Mor John C. Eckel Bruce Rogers Predaric W. Goudy Carl Purington : Ruth S. Granniss George A. Sarge Belle DaCoata Greene Gilbert M, Tror Dard Hunter D. B. Updike William M. Ivins, Jr. George Parker W Of this group, all bat four remained wit publication until the end of the original aeries Orton resigned his editorship in 1932, but conti contributing editor through Volume Four. Bruoe 1 name disappeared with the beginning of' Volume Four, but reappeared in all volumes of The New Colophon. The names of George H. Sargent and D. B. Updike were listed in Volume One only. 28 29 Dming those first five years five additions were made to the group. There were three new contributing editors in Volume Two: Frank Altachril, A. mwmd Be*on, and Carolyn Wells; and with Volume Five were added the namea of George W, Davison and Lawrence C. Ymth. This brings to a total of twenty-seven the number of people who were listed during the original series of The Colophon as contributing editors,

In order to gain greater insight into the character of the magazine, it may prove helpful to the reader to know something about the professional background of the contributing editors. Presented here are brief biographical nebs about the people serving on the original contributing editorial board. Since the four editam have been mentioned elsewhere, they have been omitted here. In parentheses after each editor's name, the length of time he served on the editorial board is given. Abbreviations used are: 0.S. - Original Series; parts 1-20 N.S. - NeN Series; volumes 1-111, parts 1-4 of each volume NOS - New Graphic Series; parts 1-4 N.C. - New Colophon; parts 1-8, and I11 for vol. 111, the Book Collectors' Miace1lan;l: Notes about articles eontributed to the quarterly are included in the thumbnail sketches. Most of the contributing editors did write for The Colophon, "but they were under no obligation to do so. They were window dressing, bat good 30 honbr t high-grad e Vindow-dr ea 8 ing. w1 Theae editc arranged in alphabetical order are: Frank Altachul (O.S. 4 to M.C. 1111, listed in

Whola Who in Amerfca a8 a New York busines8 OXeOUtiVQ, chairman of the board of the General American Inveat0i-a Company and member @f the board of trUBteeS of the Insti- tute of International Education, was author of Let Bo wave mmlf Us (Duell, 1941). Re is also credited with being proprietor of the Overbrook Press and a member of the holier Club,2 a New York aaaociation of booklovera which promoter the atndy of literature, book colleeting and the art of bmk making. It ma he who endowed "We Colophon vith $5,000. Thomas Beer (0.S. 1 to N.S. 111-4) uas a writer of short stories for the Saturday Evening Peat and other maga- zims, and author ar sath books aa Fair Rewards, -*1 ??he Road to Heaven, and Hanna. 3

Pierce Butler (0.S. 1 to MGS 4), after fifteen Years with the Mewberry Library %nChicago aa bibliographer, became a prorseaor of library science at the Uni- veraity of Chi~ago.~His one contribution to The ColaDhon,

lLetter from JO~T. Winterid. 2who*s Who in &mepica, 1954-55, P. 55. 3uho Waa Who in Amerioa. 1897-1942, p. 77. 4Whola Who in Library Servioe (2d ad.: Hm York: H. W. Wilson, 1943). p. 75. 31 'The Way to Wealth for Indigent Bookmen," ma a humorous

accoumt of how a book collector can make hi8 hobby par Off. George U. Davison (0.9. 17 to MGS 4) after eighteen years of law praetice, became a banker and subsequently served ma president and chairman of the board of the 1 Hanover Bnnk of' Hew York City. A Gralier Club member, he wrote for The Colophon an article entitled "A Print Collector's Notes."

W. A. Dwiggins (O.S. 1 to N.C. 1111, known a8 both a typographer and a book designer, contiributed to Colophon cover and colophon designs, illustrations for articles by other people, and the design far The AMM~ of Bookmakinq binding. McMurtrie comments that among "the most important typefaces lately produced for book composition have been Electra and Caledonia, both designed for the linotype by W. A. Dwiggins.m2 Electra was need for The Colophon Mew Series, and Caledonia was used in Part

Xight of The Hew Colophon. John C, Eekel (0.9. 1 to N.S. 1-41 was a Phila- delphia lawyer and recognized Dickens bibliographer, who collected a great many American novels of the nineteenth and twentieth centurles.3 His Colophon article commented

lWho's Who in America, 1954-55, p. 650. 2Douglas C. McMurtrie, The Book: The Story of Printing and Bookmaking (Hew York: Oxford University Press, 19431, P. 563. hew York Times Book ReviE, January 13, 1935, p. 15. 32 on the fact that the first books of now well-known authors can uaually be bought for a moderate price. Frederic W. Goudy (0.2.. 1 to NOS 4), as a type designer, produced over one hundred different type faces, many of which have become standard in the printing field. He is also remembeped for his Village Press.’ He 001- laborated with Carlo Castellani for an article on the laarks of early Italian printers, and he designed the cover and colophon for Part Twenty of the original series. Ruth S. Granniss (0,s. 1 to NGS 4) served as librarian of the Grolier Club for thirty-nine years and was a contpibutor to the Dictionary of American Biomaohx and the 1939 edition of The Book in America.* She wrote for The Colophon an article on a series of books about bibliography.

Belle DaCosta Greene (O.S. 1 to 201, as libparian of the Pierpont Morgan Library, spent forty-five yeare and almost as many millions on the library. 3

Dard Htmter (0,s. 1 to N.C. 111) is linked primarily with his knowledge of papermaking and his effoyts

‘Hellmut Lehmann-Haupt, Historr of the MakinR and Sellinn or States (New York: H. R. Bowker Co., %ilson Library Bulletin, Ju 3Time,- April 11, 1949, p. 78 33 in producing handmade paper. Perhaps his greatest feat has been the book for which he perfopmed every task in its 1 making from designing and casting the type Co binding. In addition to his two articles, one of whieh told of his boyhood memories and his setting up his own shop, Big-- tme of his handmade paper appeared in The Coloohon. William M. Ivins, Jr. (O.S. 1 to HGS 4) of the Department of Prints in the Metropolitan Museum of Art2 put his background to use in his article about Danmierts woodcut illustrations, Henry W. Kent (O.S. 1 to NGS 4), author of w- oaFaDhiCa1 Notes on One Hundred Books Fllaons in Ewlish Literature, was the secretary of the Metropolitan Museum of Art for many yearsa3 The article he wrote for The Colophon was on Thomas Frognall Dibdin and the printers of the Shakespeare Press.

Rockwell Kent (0.2.. 1 to NGS 4), B landscape and figme painter, published a drawing in The Colophon and executed the deaigns for an article by E. A. Robinson. In addition, he joined Norman Rockwell in one issue bo tell about how the tuo are constantly being mistaken for each other. 4

- ~ ~ ~ lwhbts Who in America, 1954-55, p. 1312. 2New York Tines, Jan. 27, 1936, p. 15. 3"C0ntents,~ The Colophon, VOl. I, Part 2, 4Ibid-* 34 Christopher Morley (0.S. 1 to N.C. 111), besides writing such books as Kitty Forle. The Mghth Sin and Gentlemen's Relish, was on the editorial staff of the Saturday Review of Literature and served as editor-in- chiei of the revised edition of Bartlett's Familiar Quotations.' The first of his ColorJhon articles Ms part of the "Breaking Into Print" series, and the second was a humorous bit "On Belonging to Clubs."

A. Edward Newton (0.2.. 5 to NGS 11, who yas in the electrical business in Philadelphi8 from 1890 to 1931, was described in The Colouhon as publisher, collector, and author. He was a first edition collector ana accumulated a library of 10,000 volumes. The books which he mote helped to popularize book collecting.2 He contributed memories of Bed Champion, a Philadelphia book- man, to the quarterly.

Bruce Rogers (O.S. 1-12, N.C. 1-III), as a type designer and book designer, worked with the Riverside Press, the Harvard University Press, and the University

Press in Cambridge, England, and was the first recipient of the Aldus Award given by the Limited Editions Club. 3

'Who's Who in America, 1956-57, p. 1829. 2Who Was Who in America, 1897-1942, p. 895. %hots Who in America, 1954-55, p. 2280. 35 There were no articles by him in The ColoDhons but there were some reproductions of his book plates. Carl Furington Rollins (0.9. 1 to 4, W.C. 4-111) spent his career from 1918 on, aa ppinter to Yale Univer- sity and is now emeritus printer to the un1vel.sitY.l In Parts Six to Eight of The New COlOphQn he condrrcted the feature "AdvsnSures in Typography." George E. Sargent (O.S. l-k), ]mom as "the bibliographer of the Boston Eveniw Tl%.lIll~PiDtsW rims on the staff of that paper from 1895 to 1931. Among the books he wrote were Modern Tendencisa in Book Collecting, AmLowell. A Mosaic, and A Busted Bibliophile and Ria Books Before his death in 1931, he contributed one article to The Colophon, on "Firsts, Iasaes and Points." Gilbert M. Troxell (O.S. 1 to NGS 41, who ma a contributor to Part One of the original amiea, ma a member of the bibliegraphical staff of the Yale Univer- sity Library and conduated "!QI~ Compleat Collector" in the Saturday Review of Literature. 3

D. B. Updike (0.9. l-k), connected with the Rirer- side Press for twelve years, is closely Identifi

'w., p. 2286. %ha Waa W~Qin America, 1897-1942, p. 1 3"Contenta," The Coloahen, Vol. I, Part 36 his own Merrymount Press. His book Printina 'EsDes ia considered a classic in the fie1d.l

Carolyn Wells (O.S. 5 to KGS 41, author of novels, children's books and detective storiesJ2 displayed her capacity to wite about a variety of sabjects, in the four items she published in The Colophon. She told of Visit with Lavinia Diakinsen; she datlared the glarias of the short-lived publication, The Lark; she recalled her favorite childhood books; and she preS8Rted some of her knowledge of Walt Whitman by telling of how she began her Whitman colleation. George Parker Winship (0.3. 1 to N.C. 1111, besides being a librarian of the John Carter Brown Library for twenty years, uas a printer and pt~bliaher.~In Colophon articles he recalled how he became interested in printing, and he presented background on the Cambridge Press. Lawrence C. Wpoth (0,s. 17 te N.C. III), ala0 a librarian of the John Carter Brown Library, has been a consultant to the Pierpont PIorgan Library and to the Library

Of Congress.4 His Colophon contributions reflected an interest in early printing in this country and in bibliography. .

Series,

P. 327. 37 During the period of the Hew Series, 1936-39, seven other names wore added to the list of contributing editors. They were: William Reydel (I.s. I to NGS 41, a partner or Newell-Eoanett advertising agency, served as chairman of the board of the American Association of Advertish8 Agencies in 1942.l Leasing J. Rosenwald (N.S. I to NOS 4). after serving in various aapacities with Sears, Roebuck throughout his career, became chairman of the board daring the rears 1932 to 1939.2 Carroll A. Ullson (N.S. I to NGS 4). editor of the Papera of the Bibliographical Society of America,3 contribufed a series of two articles on *Familiar lSmall College' Quotations.'

Randolph 0. Adas (N.S. I, 2 to N.C. III), who was Director of the Clemsnts Library at the University of Michtgan, wrote booka on American history.4 He contributed to The ColoDhon an article on Wemat biography of Uashington and one on "Americarcr Firat Bibles."

'New York Times, Nay 19, 1942, p, 34. %hots Uho in America, 1954-55, p. 2298. 3nF¶arginalia,n The New Colovhon, Vel. I, p. 102. bois Mho in Librorv Service, 1943, p. 3. 38 Lawrance R. Thompson (N.S. I1 to EM3S 4.1, one of the most frequent contributor8 to The ColORhon, PPesented four articles concerning Longfellow, and another on "Notes on Some Collectors in Colonial Massachusetts.' He was Curator of Rare Books at Princeton, and is now an assoeiate 1 professor in the Princeton English Department. William A. Jackson (N.S. 111 to N.C. 111), a librarian, spent eight years as a cataloger fer the Cap1 H. Pforzheimer Library before going to the Harvard College Library where he has been since 1938.2 The Cblovhon pnblished a facsimile of a booksellerrs ledger with notes on its importance bj Ex-. Jacksen. Louis Blake IhCf (NGS 1-41, a Canadian neuspaper proprietor, owns a library which includes history of the newspaper and printing press and works on the place names of Canada, Great Britain, and the United States. 3

In The New ColOPhOn, twentpiour new name8 appeared in the contributing editors1 column along with the familiar names of briggins, Hunter, Morley and Winship. Several of the neu coatribnting edLtoFs had contributed materia1 to The Colorrhon, and, as usual, many of the names helped to

l"-rginalia," m., p. 104. 2Whors Who in America, 1956-57, p. 1298. 3The Canadian Who's Who, 1952-54, p. 302. 39 make the list an impressive one. They included the following: Jacob Blanck (N.C. 1-111), who is often associated in people's minds as editor of the Bibliography of American Literature, was also ea-editor of a history of Book Prices -* -*Current One of his Colophon articles waa about Charles Lounabury'a will, and the other uas abeut Huckleberry Finn bibliography. John Carter (N.C. 1-111) was a frequent contribu- top after his flrst article appeared in Part Eight of the original series. Except for three articles in the New Graphic Series, the subjects of his work uere not particularly related. He wrote on the origin of publisher's cloth binding, the books written by well-known authors on subjects not usuallj associated uith the anthor, the collecting of A. E. Bousmn, and the points that contribute to rarity. In the New Qraphic Series he wrote about three outstanding American private book collections. One of several British contributors, he spent many years at a post uith the British Ministry of Information, and was 2 later managing director of Scribnerts London branch. Jean Hepsholt (N.C. 1-111), besides having been an actor, uas a member of the Grolier Club and author of a

ltrNotes on Contributors," The New Colophon, Vol. 111, P. 3.57. 2nMarginalia," The New Colophon, Vol. I, p. 216. 40 Complete Translation of Hans Christian Anderaen's Fairx

-9Tales His first article in The Colophon told about the research that goes into movie productions. Two other articles had to do with Hans Andersen. Philip Hofer (N.C. 1-XII), assistant director of the Pierpont &organ Library frsm 1934 ta 1937, has been at Harvard University since 1938. He founded the Depart- ment of Printing and Graphic Arts there and became its

curator.2 In Volume Three of The New Colophon, he described the work of John Howard Benson, the stone carver. Alfred A. Kuopf (N.C. 1-111) oontribated to Part Six of The Hew Colophon an account of how he entered the publishing business and a description of some of the books he published early in his capeer.3 Oscar Lewis (N.C. 1-111), author of storilse for boys, has mitten Sea Routes to the Gold Fields, California Eeritaae, Saaebra8h Casinos, and others4 His Colophon alzb- jects included "The California School of Printing," "Mug Books"--an account of the county history racket, "The Launching of Bancroft's Native Races," and background on the Grabhorn Press.

'Whols Who in America, 1954-55, p. 1207.

21b-09 id P. 1247. 3"Notes on Contributors,' The Weu Colophon, Val. 11, P. 189. lCWhots Who in America, 1956-57, p. 1537. 4.l Wilmarth Sheldon Lewis (N.C. 1-111) wrote two articles concerning Horace Walpole for The Colophon. Described as an author and editor, he has served as an associate with the Yale Univernity Press, research associate with that university, and editor of its nineteen volume 1 edition of Horace Walpole's Correspondence. A. Ryatt Mayor (N.C. 1-III), Metropolitan Musewn Curator of Prints and editor of Hound and Horny2 contributed to the quarterly an article on 'The First Famous Print." David A. Randall (N.C. 1-111), director of the Rare Book Room at Scribner's and American editor of Bibli- pRraPhica1 Notes and Queries,3 was another frequent contributor. Besides his four appearance8 in earlier Volumes of The Colophon, he acted as umpire for the "Court of Appeals" in The Mew Colophon.

Aside from those mentioned above, there Were other contributing editors who had one article published in the magazine or who were never actually contributors. In the following list, classified by profession, the four napea of those who became contributing editors with Volume Three of The Mew Colophon are ala0 included.

'Ibid-* 2rNotes on Contributors," w. 3"Marginalia," The New Colophon, Val. I, p. 106. 42 Associated with book production nere Pad A.

Bennett, Joseph Blumenthal, Bdith Diehl, and Samuel T. Farquhar. Librarians included Karl Kup, Flora B. Ludington,

Lawrence Clark Powell, and Carl Zigrosser. Lyman Bmtter- field and Thomas €I.Johnson represented the field of education, and writers nere Paul M. Angle and Joseph Henry Jackson. Three lawyers, Carl I. Whsa-t, Thomas w. streeter and Donald Hyde, wem on the roster, and Everette Lee DeGolyer and Alfred E, Hamill ware the representatives of business. Others were Charles Berstadt and Mrs. Roswell Skeel, Jr. whose father, one of the Fords of Brooklyn, had one of the finest private libraries in America. 1

Of the some two hundred and thirty-seven aathors of articles in The Colophon and The New Colophon, aside from the contributing editors, approximately twenty-five per cent contributed more than once. Primarily from information found in the "Notes on Contributors" section of

the quarterly, it has been possible to place these contributors in general eategories by profession as of the time of their contribution. In parentheses after each name is given the number of articles published. This is followed by speeific notes on the paraon's oecupation, and, when the author has written several artiales on the same subject, this subject is indicated in parentheses.

l"Notes on Contributors," The New Colophon, Vol. 111, P. 359. 43 University professors who contributed to Colouhon were Arno L. Brder (Z), University of Mic English Department; J. DeLanoey Fergnsan (71, Chai

Brooklyn College English Department (Robert Bms, IC*nl*nUl Donald Gallmp (Z), Aasiatant Professor of Bibliograp Yale (Gertrnde Stein); James D, Hart (21, Prwfeasor lish at the University of Califormta; bory Hollowy Professor of Xnglish, Queens College (Walt 1Jhitman); Leroy Elwood Kimball (2), Comptroller of Hew Yurk Univer- sity; John Atlee Kowenhoven (3), ulls teaching English and studying for his Ph.D. at Columbia; E French teacher at Phillips Academy, I (2), Professor of German and curator Robert M. Smith (a), Lehigh Uaivepsit (Shakespeare folios); James B. Thorpc

English Department (Milton); Edward b Univemity English professer; !%mice Professor of Library Science at the t Carl J. Weber (4), Professor of EnglJ College (Hardy); and George F. Whicht professor (Emily Diekinson) The following named librariar for publication: Althea E. Bass (5), Xnioch Pratt Library (American Indian Brown (4),Curator of Maps at William (Editor of "Notes and Queries" in the 4.4 Curt F. Buhler (2), Keeper of Prl:nted Books , Pierpont Mopgan Library; Rudolph GjelsneaaI (2), Librapian, Uni- vsraitg of Arizona; FPederick R. hff(21, ehief of the Rare Books Division, Library of C:ongress; Cedric Larson (2), vith the Library of CongressI fGnvnrnmont Printina Office); George L, McKay (41, Curator an Grolier Club (Bibliography; contributed About Books"); Luoy Eugenia Osborne (31,

Chapin Library of Rare BOOkB, nilliams C Vail (2), Librarian, New York State Libr Walbridge (2), Librarian, editor and bib Mew York. Among the authors who mo%e fop were Sherwood Anderson (2), author of 3 -Son, Winesburg, Ohio (Tribute to Bmton Hart Blumenthal (21, editor, radio comnie~ of In Old Amerioa; Charles I. Glicksberg work on Walt Whitman and the civil War; (21, author of Peacock's Feather, screen Hislop (2), author of Albanv: Dutch. Em

(Mother Goose): MmeKinlay Kantor (21, authc3r of Anderson- -ville, The Dannhter of BUR~SAnn; mizabetl3 Robins Pennell (21, Whistler bibliographep and biogmphsr;I Michael Sadleir (31, novelist, Trollope biographer and bib1Liographer ; Aubrey H. Starke (3), gave up teaahing tQ1 moome a pro- Passional writer; Burton Stevenson (21, edil LtQP Of m 45 Book of Verse, Home Book of Quotations, eta.; an Camp Troxell (2), author of Three Rossettia. The journalists whose mrk was published John F. Huth, Jr. (a), reporter on Cleveland Pla (Theodore Dreiaer); Vincent Starrett (4)* book co- of the Chieago Tribune; Boyd B. Stutler (21, ma- tor of American Lex3.on Maaazine; and Ralph Thempa' asaociate editor, lieu York Times Current Histor+ 1 Printers and typographers who became Calo tributor8 were R. U. Chapman (s), scscretary of the buwenuon Press (Johnsonian bibliography) ; William A. Kittredge (2), typographic director, Lakeside Press (Book illn Paul McPharlin (s), book designer (Presented "S of Strays" in The New Cololshon); Stanley Mooriso British typographer, staff member of The Timesj Barrows Musaey (31, printer, publisher.

Contributing to the bibliographical st the magazine were thsae bibfiagraphera: Berth (21, author of Haria Edaworth. 1.767-18h.9: A B1 Tribute; Seymour DeRicci (2), author of Englia

Charlea Bescher Hogan (2), author of Biblioara

Arlinnton Robinson8 Percy H. Muir (31, oo-edit and herlea; and Wilfred Partington (21, "fami commentator on all things bibliographiaal." Others who mote mope than one article for zL- Colophon were: Sinclair Hamilton (3), lawyer (Woodc 46

illustrators); Rollo 0. Silver (4), salesloan, author Of books on collecting; %rnest Elmo Calkins (41, in advertising; Harry B, Smith (2), collector "of Sentimental Library fame;" F. w. Reed (s), New Xealander, Dumas an- thority; and Flodden U. Heron (21, vice-presideat of the Book club or California; and Manning Hawthorne (21, rela- tive of Nathaniel Hawthorne. The classification of the contribntors by profession shows a predominance of university profeasors, authors, and librarians, uith flfteen professors listed, eleven authors, and ten librarlms, The other categories take second place with five printers, five bibliographera, and four journalists. A consideration by vocation of the total number of contributors shows a comparable ratio of Professors, librarians and authors to journalists, printers and bibliographers. Artists also made their contrlbntiona to the pages of The ColaDhon. Some designed the covers and colophons, Borne contributed origlnal prints and others drew illnstra-

tions for the articles. Nine of the artists who ,appeared in the quarterly's pages more than once have also been singled out for brief biographical consideration. Leroy E. Appleton uho is best horn for his work on Indian crafts, contributed a wood block print and two Cover and colophon designs to the quarterly. His book 47 Indian Art of the Americas nas the product years of research. 1

T. M, Cleland, designer and art editor Ynn ?#nm7iw..1- bgRZine (1906-1908), designer of printing in h:La own E

~ .. and illustrator for the Limited 'Editions Club, was me ae- signer of three COV6m and cola8 Hia cover on Part Six or the ori the first volume of the Beor Seri Charles Dum, a pupil of

Ha~tharne,~drew the designs for

Jhil Ganso published thr each in the original seriea, Men Series. Re ia represented in th in Paris, the Whitney Husemu of Museum, and New York Public Libr other musemms in thia country. 4

Donald McKay designed th Part Four or the original series for four articles in that series and art shops as a young man and book illustrator since 1923. Am

heview or Indian Art or -Horizon, X (lo. 41, 48. 2Who1a -Who in America, ( 3Wh01s Who in American A 4u., p. 160. illustrated are the Random

Eaid Meadowcroft's Benjamii Spence's One Foot in Heavsl Thomas Nason, who . collections of such instib

Chicago, the Library of Coi

American Art, and the Bibl: three wood engravings to 2

Carlotta Petrina, I---- __CT--- --r- rZ ~ - in PaFt TWO of The Colophon, and who illt18tFated "Old Leather and BnPnished Gold," in Part Fourteen, had done illustrations for Limited Editions Club books. represented in the Brooklyn Museum and the New lie Libra~y.~ Charles W. Smith, contributor of two wo ings to the magazine, was an instrnctor at Berm (Vermont) College from 1935 to 1946. Since the been head of the art division of the Universitg _- . _-_ _.___. His uork is represented in such permanent collections as the Whitney Museum of American Art, the New York Library, the Museum of' Nodern Art in Hew York, a fistitate Of' Chicago. 4

'Who's Who Monthly Sumlement, Series IV 2aota Who in America, 1942-43, p. 1623- hhofs Who in American Art, 1936-37, p. %ora Who in America, 1958-59, p. 2559 49 Edward A. Wilson exscuted three cover designs, and &en the designs for "Ex Libris Pit Part 'fen. His designs for the cover of Part Onr original series and for Part One of the Hew Oral portrayed an angler in slight17 different settir - . .. student of' Howard Pyle, his prints may bc Metrspolitan Museum in New York, the Hew 1 Librapy and the Library of Congress. In the area of art as well as wrl a concentration of contributor$ uho wspe bars of their field. Although work of 01 aPtists appeared in The Colouhon, it iu a note that artists oi establi than one-tine contributors.

lIbid Ps 3010. PORMAT

The physical make-np of &he 01 the qnarterly was unique; each es~, ------a separate aignature of fow, eight, twelve, or six- teen pages; and these signatures were printed 1 pendently of eaoh other by rarioua tgpOgraphiCS contributors, all given a free hand. Most of t finer printers of thia country, and a number of tinguished foreigners, were included in this gr--=. The only regulations imposed uniform page aize must be ret folios and book running heada otherwise they were free to e type, and typographical arran In almost all canes, indeed, of who their neighbors were t binding, and of what their ne would look like, so that each tirely as a separate item.1 The size of the page, eig and one-half inmhea, presented a If it had been of smaller or tall printers would not have had as mu sented to them to set a good-look suggested one of tuo alternative9 linea acroas the page (difficult lines in double column (difficult chose to use shorter lines in the

lPeter Beilenaon, -A List Index: The Colophon. 1930-1=, , 50 51 his side margins became unpleasantly e: chose to use longer lines in double-eo: type-area beaame unpleasantly squat. If he chose to use larger type for single-column style, or smaller type for double-column style, his type-size became out of scale with the page."' These circumstances forced the printers to break some of the unnritten rules of typography which had long been considered aacred. The most popular way of resolv- ing the situation was to use rules and borders to alter the size of the page. In a run-down on the varioui methods uaed, Beilenson records the use of single-r

style one hundred and ten times, double-colnmn slxt and tbee-column only tuice. Rules and boxes uere prmzeo around the type-page in twenty-five signstwes, 2

The hard cover style used with the original series was retained throughout a11 volumes of the quarterly. Each issue of the original series had a cover illustration in color. The only thing that the covers had in Common was that a book or some allusion to reading nas usually included in the design or illustration. The colophon for each issue was designed by the mver artist. It appeared on the final page and was the most elaborate one

to be found in the issue. Other colophons were found at

la., p. 22. 2J&&., P. 23. 52 the ends of the various 8ignatw somewhat elaborate devices to a

“Printed for The Colophon, Nay: For type faces, the prin sepvative desiss which have sto Caslon far outstripped all other times used. It was nsed forty-s Garamond and eighteen for Basker Janson (lo), Scotch (lo), Bell. ( Fournier (51, fallow them as the type faces in the original aerie Besides these standard f faces made appearances in the pa

Used for the first time were Fre and Medieval, and George W. Jone

As much variety was achi papers used as in the variety of and domestic, hand-made, mold-ma and laid papers with antique and Wove papers were uded one hnndre laid papera fifty-three times. paper, ivory predominated uith s White followed with fifty-five, natural with ten, tan with nine,

’Ibid-.. P. la. 21bid-9 53 The printers were not as oonservative in papers as they had been in the choice of . they "could afford to be less so because ] ao immediate an index of style as types. it must be said for conservative types ani off-color papers that they generally seem to the rending eye; and in this particnlai p-w-Av---w.- more appropriate to the subject matter. "1 The appearance of Volume One of the New Series was similar to the original series in that the cover was paper on boards, but the size had shrunk to six and one- quarter by nine and one-half inches. Volumes Two and Three had a cloth binding, 'This seem to be the first time in America that the entire edition of a regular periodical has been bound in cloth.w2 Setting the type by hand was abandoned,3 and with all of the prh done by Pynson Printers, pagination ma8 made poi One kind of paper was used, and W. A. Duigglns' type appeared throughout the New Ssries.4 Each was further unified by having the same tover del all four issues, vlth a change in the basic colr

I=., pp. 20-22. 2Brooks, "Notes on Rare Books,' New Pork Review, November 29, 1936, P. 35. 3"crow1 Neat," The Colophon, New Seriet P. 307.

4Ibid-0 54 design on each issue. All three of the covers T. H. Cleland designs,' the first of which had cover for Part Six of the original series.2

The Annual of Bookmakiq, pnblished in U'LyyL-Y-..Y to the New Series, followed the general pattern of the original series, with each signabrre printed by a differ- 3 ent fira. The binding was designed by W. A. Dwiggins, and the title-page by Rockwell Kent. The row numbers of the New Graphic Series had the same general make-up of the original series. The size returned to the former eight and one-half by ten and one-half inches, and each issue had different covei and colophon designe. There was no pagination exeept on the pages of the regular features, printed by Pynson Printers.

These were numbered just as if the previous pages wepa also numbered. Again, the ivory colored paper predominated with seventeen appearances to twelve far white and one for blue. In the original series and the New Qraphic Series together, seventy presses contributed to the printing of

The Colophon. They were primarily New York and New England presses, although also included were The Alauin Press,

'Letter from John T. Winterich. 2"Crowls Nest," w., p. 148, 3"Marginalia," The New ColoDhon, Vol. 11, p. 391. 55 Gloncestershire, England; At the Sign of The D London; Horace Carr, Cleveland; R. & R. Clark, Scotland; The Country Press, Bradford, England wood Press, Seattle; Gebr, Klingspor, Offenbac

Germany; Helen Gentry, and !!!he Grabhorn Press, Franclsoo; The Golden Cockerel Press, Waltham, Fence, England; and the Cambridge and Oxiord u presses . Pgnson Printers, besides printing the and alosing pages of the quartsrlg, print;ed abwul ---- fourth or the articles. A ma were represented only once or appeared three or more times. of these presses that contribi tures, nith the number of sigi in parentheses; Canfield 8c TI A. Colish, Inc., New York (3) The Harbor Press, New York (11 ington, D.C. (4); The Lakesidc Harchbanks Press, New York (6: Printing House of William Edwl Southnorth Press (later South1

Portland, lwsine (8); Spiral PI Thompson (later Hawthorn Housc

University Press, Oxford, &g3 56 New York (3); Walpale Printing Office, New York (14); Yale University Press, Connecticut (3). It might be interesting to not eight of the twenty-four presses incln of Bookmakinq were firms uhich did WOF prior to the publication of the annual discussed in the annual, Haddon Crafts Prlssa and Taylor lk Taylor, did work fo the annual was published. The New Colophon format contai both the original series and the New S about a quarter of an inch narrower an' than the original aeries. !Each volume tinuously, and an index appeared in th volume. Leroy H. Appleton's design wa of Volume One, I and an illustration by

appeared on all the covers of Volume Ti - ~ - . - - - - .. in the New Series, the color soheme nsed Y each issue, The cover for Volume I11 was Duschnes and executed by Fritz Kredel."3 Since The New Colophon was printed

I"Marginalia," !be New Colophon, V

21bid-0 9 Vol. 11, p. 100. 3Letter from John T. Winterich. one kind of paper, emphasis of the issue aa a uhole. Fr printed all of Volume One, d uas based on the principle t through the use of one type used Qoudj Modern and Open I and a Baskemrille, recut for material. According to Anth entertaining, and there is n 12-point for one article, fo or 16-point in the next-dep of the articlse."l

In this sme vein, T typography of Part Two, usin Part Four Rudolph Rueika was a wood and metal engraver an the American Institute of Gr, type faces far Linotype. On in Part FOUF.2

The E. L. Hildreth CI of Volume Two of The New Colt rapher and deaigner of book as Dodd Mead, Harper, Holt, I

2~.,P. 410. 58 designed Part Five. The headir 3 articles were lettered by hi=, the text type lased. 2 In Parts Six and Seven troduced by bhe designer, Rober Company. He tried to recapture series by using different type mood of the articles. Among tl: in Part Six alone Were Caledonl and Bembo.3

Part gight of The New C U, A. Dwiggins. His type face design, Caledonia, was used throughout. Re chose to use one type face only,

"feeling there was enough variety in the t their illustt-ations a@ that perhaps *a lit drug would help the reader.t"b The deaigr for the issue had a "vagus Chinese or East On three different occasions issue were chosen for the American Institute of Fifty Books of the Year award. In 1931 Pa Volume One of The Colophon, were chosen in volume appraisal. Number Three of Volume vas chosen in 1938, and Part Tu0 of The Ne

lN., Vol. 11, p. 94. 21bid-* 3=., p. 286. 4m.,P. 389 59 named in 1949.l As is indicated, the magazine recognition of typographical excellence for ea of format in which it appeared. In describing the factors involved in for the award in 1931, a New York Times articl that in that ninth annual exhibjtrnn- Relactian uas made from among seven hundred volume^ and forty printers, publishers, of selection reated upon 'the pl irrespective of price, from the design, press work, binding, anc which the publisher had solved t

After giving a similar c for selection of the Fifty Bookr the requisites donn to this: In less elevated language tk sidered the type face, its c telligenee of handling; the presswork throughout the boc used, its feel and fitnesej design, appro riateness, att of materials. I;

'we,p. 177. 2nFine American Bookmaking of 1930," Nen YQ Timea Book Review, Feb. 15, 1931, p. 2. 3nMarginalia,w The Wen Colouhon, Vol. 11, p co1

In looking back on John Winterich made these ct It was a "literaryn tent that it was conceri of disseminable literati It gave much attention 1 uith discussions or fin1 and the craft of bookmal lleu the flag or biblio; as a physical entity. I books got to be, and so1 authors . . discussed ink in narratirea of iii portanus and engrossing didn't see why bibliogri the Colophon, it wasn't,

In determining how 1 carrying out their ob jectivc the quarterly by Philip Broc quite indicative. In generi he atated uith speaial rttfei and stimulating in that:

in one particular this I the melting pot of lite]

'Uintarich, Publish P. 2398. 61

various minds and vocations meet here to d. books and prints and people.'

Undue emphasis on design was noted in his revit Twelve : Yet having eatablimhed itself as the most beauti- ful magazine in America, 210 Colouhon might, we be- lieva, without losing eithelr prestige or circulation, becone something less consc:iouslg artistic. While this stress placed upon theI design and typography undoubtedly appeals to the printers employed and to a number of subscribers, thlis phase of the work is unduly em hasized. Most re,adeps are interested in the news. 3

He felt that a better balance Yma being established with Part Thirteen: Once more The ColoDhen appears and once more the prose contributors try by a.11 the wiles of wit and scholarship to seem at home in the resplendent setting to which the ealitara i.n their infinite wisdom have seen fit to call them. . . . The Colo hon be- gins its fourth year with a. fine eo1+ ection of: articles. Text seldom becomea pretext for unworthy decorat ions .3

By the time Part Nineteen appea.red, his opinion was that it is increasingly evident that The COlOPhQn has become the standard outlet lolr original monographs on more or leas obscure events and people in literary history. That noad seem t o be its chief function, though some of its papers wrill admit of no such easy classiiication.4

lBrooka, "The Colophon in Party Bress," Rev York Times Book Review, October 2, 1932, P. 2. 'Brooks, "The Lateat Go 1933, P. 18. 3w.JApril 23s 1933, Pa 11.

4Ibid-0, October 21, 1934, p. 26. 62 Although the Hew Series frequently cam e in ror criticism, praise nas not unhwn:

This reviewer has long maintail3ed that The Colophon 1s a worthy enterprise, certainly 1the best recent in- fluence on collecting, and its sevisn pars record en- titles it to the genereus support t~f bookmen. me current number should go a long vrt: r toward enhancing its prestige. Yet nearly hili Qf 1the contents are uninspired and make for poor readii'ig, becanae of the nature of' the material discusaed, (3r the treatment, or both.

On the completion of VOlUES Two of the Hew Series, MF.

Brookts paased this judgment on ths M~IIZtUEne : By now The Colophon has become a veritable en- cyclopedia of booklore for collectors and readera. It is unique among magazines in the excellence of its typography and format and in the high level of scholarship and entertainment v"'--' ** m-(mCm4n-A

In a closer look at the mag that the contents of Part One of -Th tive of the iasues that followed. three contributions to the "Breakin in that issue, an essay on illustra examples of Bruce Rogers' book plat colophons were defined. Three othe type that was to appear most freque isrues of the quarterly. They were "Whitman on the War's Finale," Geor Washimton an4 an lspiaode In Courte

'u.,August 8, 1937, P. 2=., Elovember 21, 1937, 63 Pilnrim's Proareas" by Bllbert M. Tro Sargent in 'PIrsta, Issues and Points first article directed townrd the a01 stated in his review that three of th be said to be specifically written fo When ha made that statement perhaps h Hellman and l!roxell articlaa to tha% if this atatment is accepted, tha pe

in the isaae aimed directly at the cm

than one-thbd. Rarely aoes the perc

this level in an7 of the 1SSlle8 of el or The Hew Coloohon. mile some ai t collector deal with bibliographical q tham are remiaiseencss of book collec often the greatest humor in an issne of these articles. In the OrifgiMl series Isadin, analysis of coverage is bibliograpw, mybe dsflned broadly to include all either bibllographical in the tert, w or check lists accompanying the essay bibliographic, most of these articles IA.I yll-l classification such as American 13

'Brooks, "The Colophon Spt the w., Karoh 23, 64 literature, but since bibliography seems to be from the maathead," it has been given priori- count. Second in number t0 bibliograph-y in the fire volames were articles on Ame'dcm literata graphic arts. Statistically, out of one htmdfea ~OTTW~YJ- nine articles ia the original series, forty were gr8phica1, thirty wwe 8bone Aarerican literatlrre twenty-seven concerned the graphio arts. As for the balance between schalarlT and taining, valwable and boring, oontemporrry and ancient, comments an the various isaaas, again by Philip Brooks, may give a fairly accwrte picture. Or P.pt Bin* ha *afdt Here, for instance in the nml least four of its eight pieces ar eent. They hare charm and by the! the price of admission. The othei and do not tend to raise the averi magazine. . . . The most solid pli its best contribution to letters, mast interesting as well, is Paul lucid outline of the origin and CI The Origin of Speciss.1 Eis reaction to Part Ten ma that without relinquishing their right artistically, the editors have bm diversity of material that ams future or their enterprise. The one tming ma= distingtiishes the present number is the rich variety of ita subject matter. There are nlne articles altogether, and no two of them may be placed in the same categgorr. A tendency, not remarked in the earlier volumes, ia here plainly in evidence.

lBrooks, "!The Colophon Enters on Ita Thii u.,March 20, 1932, p. 2. 65 Latter-day literatmre, oldI and obame booka for once have their day in conrt, and if this concession is made at a sacrifice of interests of current literatma we find it not difficult to repress a tear. One essay alone rem ,ai= to uphold the honor of mcvderns. It is a part of the *confesaionL series, an account of his first bo ok and others by Robinson Jeffera, and it uill appen 1 strongly to his numerous follouing .1 Critical of what appeared to hlim imbalanea in Part Eleveny Brooks found in it colnpenaatio ns. Be stated: The present iaaae of 2be Colophon devoid Of literary criticism, but it is fresh and entertaining- in other ways. For the mo st part the pieces here den1 with the mechanics of collecting in a series of rahirasical and diverting, experiences refletting the personalities of inter esting bookmen. Alaast every approach to a book i s included. One writer tells how she came to writ e. Another talks af book illustration. A third discusses extra-illwtration. A fourth relates adventnra s connected with the pur- chase of books. A fifth d escribes how he arranges his library, and so on.2 Part Tuelve he fQ-d . . . the best-balance d volume so far issued. It displays the risunl vera atility ana "neuness" of material in articles by scientists, laymen and aol- lectors. While none exeeeda the others in brillinnee, as has happated in previous iasmea, the essays aa a uhols &re excellent and maintain a hie standard in mlish, bibliography, eriticism, biography, history and 1panners.3 Ia the succeeding issues of the original aeries,

IBrooks, "The Colophon's Casemanta Open Vistas," w., June 5, 1932, p. 2.

3Brook8, .!Phe Latest Colophon," 1933, P. 18. 66 the tendency to concentrate on older literature he remarked in Part Ten treeame too strong to anit' t&e pablic taste. Where it had been praised prariowrl7, it ------lamemted. AR unsigned review of Part Fourteen ia

Bmt York Times mowed the fact that most of the YVL~YIAVI- tions to that issue looked "ldrr detemtinedly t

The Breaking lhta Print" series which had done presenting the contsmpararj side of things had. end for *Ere tine being. In thia serie8 hud apF name8 as Jamos B. Cabell, Edith Wharten, Pearl Stephen Vincent Benet, and Charlea W. Chesuutt. suggested ia the Times review that maw coller already interested in Willr Cather, William Fd T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, and Elizabeth Madox f it is, the tend8nCj towrrd the paraly eleglac view of literature is not compensated by presentation of what is best in contemporary t arrangement and printing.n1

The trend toward Shakespeare, Stevenac

continued, with oacaaioml relief +k--**-~. -n-k ++-=- -9

"Why Does W~bodyCollect We?" by E Eighteen, and "An American Comedy: Bibliography of William Faulkner" Pert Nineteen. 67 The contents or Part Tuenty give a fairly repre smtative example of the types of articlea being prints They are: "Oa Collecflng Second, ThWd and llth Editions" "The Rarissima of Birth Confrol" "The Lure of Mr. Lucas" Bdward V. Lucaa, 1868-19387 "Savonarola of Hollis Street, 1785-1866" 'Brly Binding Stamps of Re1ig;ious Significance in Certain American Libraries 'Cooper and Bryantt A-Literarr Friendship' "Oscar Makes a Call" pscar Wilde calliDg on Walt Whit-] "Salt Water Books" 'Politicctl Propaganda in Children's Books of the Prench Revolution" It waa on thir note that the original series closed ana the Neu Series began, uith the promias to include articlea of timely nature and to point out "new and ancaltl- vated fields of collecting,"1 The Hew Series was am- what more suceeasfnl -der the new pallcles. The second iaaue received this comment f~omPIr. Brooks, "Were It no; for its twenty-one predeCeisOFS the latest naber of The CQlODhOn might safely be deacribed as the moat interesting group ef essays on book collecting that we hare seen within the covers of a single volume. '2

While it is true that this second issue can be de-

scribed as an interesting group of easaya, it came only a

little closer to contemporaneousness. Wether 00088, Malt Uhitm, and Samuel Butler were tom8 in company wlth

2Brooks, "Notes on Rare Books,. u.,Hov. 17, 1934, P. 34. 68

Frank Stocktm, Mdgar Allan Poe, and Hnckleberry Film. Number Four of the firat rolume of' the Ben Series came much closer to having mn air of cttrreney ebout it. President Roosevelt, James Joyce , Thomas Iiardy, Rockwell Kent, and Woman Rackwell fairly oukweighed Wpkp de Words and the MeOnify Readers. The eaaays aseaed to take on a more current note generally, but they did not alwys aeem to be the best. In reviewing Part One of Volume Two, Mr. Brooks iewd that ai the aeven articles, all but two concerned the nineteenth century. 'These two are aboat

the best admost readable of the lot, but that ** nl**n1-

L fortuitwua cireumstance."l lgach issue of the Hew Seriea aankainwd more essays

than any of the origirml aeries, indicating thaI proba- bility that aome of the articles would not be oNf the a8-l high caliber, At the time ai the appearram of' Part Three ai Volume Two, Mr. Breoks noted that "reoant ia----am.* --nr The Colouhon have evoked t3mrmw8 a or the aontrlbutions wer0 below at ahply dull." He charged that it om, and contended that the magami well in covering the various phase

'Ib/d., Nov. 29, 1936, P.

21biB-* 9 Ang. 8, 1937, P. 1 69 Categoricrlly, the empkasis in 1 mined oa bibliographr, and on gngliah i

literature, with de-mphasis of the gfafrllro -&YE. AUW number of artieles aimed directly at the collector dropped from the number found in the original aeries, but the level of hmnor rsloainea about the same. The Annmal or Bookmaking was brbugh% out nbout this time (1938) to offaet *he lack of articles dealing with the graphic eta. *This volume, although not exactly a complete and co-ordinated account of the decade 1927-1937, preaents inforantion about some of the well-hewn presses, aad, perhaps most valuable, account8 OT several enterprises which started during those years.w1 Volume Three, Number Three or the Hew Series invited ths nub8oribers to indicate their preference for

either the origlnal fernat @rthe new om. "Ths Clurme ~aabsraakas the choice or this Beputment rm eaay one," e. BFooka naid. "There oan be leas objectiorr tu beamtj unadorned by a stimuletimg text than to uninspirad reading lltatter withocpt compmaatiq physical virtrres. Ualesa more substance is rorthcoming we may jmt an -11 go in for art and decoration." While he did not qusatian the scholarship

'Lehmmn-Haapt, z. -.,cit p. 278. 70 of the essap in that Issue, he found them to be of alight or limited appeal.' With the Weu Graphic Series replacing the Mew Seriea in 1939, the return to the old ieraat brought back much of the old emphasis on the graphic arts. Whether it was the tnography that made the publicatien seem more dashing or whether the contents uere reallj more anf-ted, the impression given was a happy one. Regarding the ascend number of the aeries, the Hew YoFk Times reviewer raid that "not only ia it pictorially and artistically satisfy- ing, but in the general readability of the artiolen it is aa good as rajthing that haa gene before."2 And so uhen The Colophon suspended publicatien In 1940, It wnt owt in a blaze of glory. *Its parafag leaves a good taste and a pleaaant memory, for the farewell appearance is marked by the same freshness and spontaneity that characterized the early isaues."3

When The New COlORhon emerged eight yeam later, it continued as ita predecessor had, to concerrtrate on bibliography and literature, both American and English. There were articles on auch authors as Front, Kipling, -

'Brooks, "Notea on Rare Books," Mew 3orh .Lap.-- YVUk Review, November 13, 1938, P. 42. 71 Cather, and Jope, but the names of William Shakeapeme, Stephaa Crime, and Robert Louis Stevenson were still promhantlp featmsd in its pages. Bepablicati a modern air about it, particularly in volume TWO though Part Six presented articles on "The Ffrrt Print" and Hugh Walpole*s carreapandace, it m1ti.b) published Alfred A. Knopf's reminiscences as a book publish- md Christopher Morley's essay "Om Belonging to Clmbs." MLohasl Sadleir, himself a tontributor to The Colophon, was the subject of some bibliographical notes, and the Typophilea, a select group of modern baok and type design.sra, Y sented in an drticle which told its storj priraarl the rootnotea. In contrast to this, the srtialss in Part Four were of less arrent interest. They had as their subbjects John Bropm, Rudfrrd Kipling, HmyT~OF-U, and Ph-- FreneaPx. Robert Waldegrare, a printer to King Jam also appeared in that issue along with an account ftorged presentation copy of Paradise Lost. Humor Barrows Mussey in his article entitled "The Pincbp Bibliophile." On the basin of these two examplea it can that aoae Of the issues had more articles on conte subjects than Others, but that all isaaes were gen..,,,,, less prone to include what to some were the must7 subjects 72 found is earlier volumes. In fact the trend is rather a marked one. With the original series, the plea was for more articles on srrbjects of as recant origh as the nineteenth oentuq. The editors did present more rabjects of that period in the Hew Series, and ifi this paper those articlea ham been given the title of contmporaneom. Btkt, in The New Colophun, evem the nineteenth centnry topics can be given a secondary position since a great preportion of articles deal Vith twentieth century pwople ab ideas. The final effort of The Ben CQ~DPhOneditors, VOl- me Three--A Book-Collectors' Miscellany--can be regarded

perhaps as a .~l.~naaryaf all previous volwnes. Of' its thirty-two articles, nine of them dealt with subjects found previously in the magazine. The Colophon_ had a knack far prsaenting axbjects that turned up new information which in turn made mterial for another article. For example, an article in the Mew Seriea by John Carter had questioned the asthenticity of The Hanu inn Judge, a play attributed to Robert Lonia Stevenson. In this last volume of The Hew ColoDhon, H. L. Q. Ballour mote .In Defense of The Haaginrr Judne," and Haekleberry Fiq and Samuel Johnson made their fifth appearances as Colo~hoasubjects. Ala0 among the repeat performerr uere Hancr Christian Anderson, Gertrude Stein, Richrrd Henry Dana, JP., Willa Cather, Alexandre Dumas, and Parson Ueems. 73 This row-ismes-in-ene volasne inclr cles en collecting and solleetiens, none of the araa of humor aa had aome of their prede though there were none of the light, vhfasic tion8 erten found in the previous nrPrbers, a articles were light enough 60 be elassod at Riahard D. Altick described how the first hm ing of Robert Bromiagts poems sfas in thw

Chicago and Alton Railroad; the letters 5f A telling of her trip from Paris ta Ptsa with the Brovninga on their honepoon provided George Bo~cewith araterial far his contribution; and John T. Winterich explained how an artlcle in The Colophon had led to correction of the date on Elizabeth &eta Allen's tombstone. Lena than one-fourth of the articles concsrned twantleth aenttmj subjects, bat ameng there wem 8tm article about Hargarett Deland and one on "Mr. Rooeevelt~a Roosevelt Callection.'

Far the meat part, subscribers to The Colophon got uhat they mted. The aditom seemed to be ever constlous

Of their public and, in 1933, they e~maondEcatsd a pc tQfind out what tjpes of materials their readers prel

'Phe poll -8 Fepeaf~8din 1937, and it 1s posaible ta I chaw@in the tastes of the subscriber8. In preretntlng the resulta of the 1933 questionnaira. FredeFick B. Adma, Jr. had this to say: 74

Separating Colo hoa articles into nine -I-- - arbitrary, of c+at we had to stop s asked readers to rank them in order of dec terest. Grading the favorite subject at 1 covered thw following to be the scale of F 1. Graphic arts and tppography 2. American literature 3. English literature 4. Modern first editiQnS V" ' 5. Special collections 78 6. Articles by collected authors 73 7. Bibliography (collations, checklists) 65 8. Americana 60 9. Incunabula Four years later, : one new category, the reau: 1. Graphic arts ai 2. Stories or spec 3. Reminiscences c sellers, etc, 4. English literal 5. American litem 6. Articles by co: 7. Excursions intc 8. Modern first QC 9. Americana 10. Incunabula Most of The Colophr the categories men0ianed, t in each area, while not en of the readers, was similaz The first nine part Colophon contained no depor

'u.,P. 465 75 beginning with Part Ten, the broadside entitled "The Colophon Crier. ma sntlosed in each issne.' These broad- sides have nat been arailable for study, but evidently Alfred Stanford initiated the Crier as a mean1 of inform- ing aubsaribera about Colophon finanoes, and Re inclrtded other news about tho quarterly in it. w'Pha GPOU*S Hest, Observations by the Ordinary Seaman," una initiated with the first number of the New Series. In hia reviews, Philip Brooks commented faror- ably about "the sprightly editorial 'Crow's Nest' which boba in and out among the adQertiS€IUI€Inta."2 But as the last item in the quarterly, the *Craw*s Hest* naa not merely an attraction to get people to read the advertiae- menta. It pointed out changes in iormat and gave special notes on contributions and contributors in the issue. In addition to these regtalar features af the "Crowts Heat," contests were held periodically for those who liked to test their book knowledge. In one such contest, all of the answera had appeared in the iasues of the original series. Although the prizes for these contests were booka, another contest which was held had caah prizes. It was introduced in this nay: "The editom of The Calavhon,

knterich, Index: The Colophon. 1930-1935, p. 13. 2Braoks, "Botea on Rare Books," Hew York Times ,Book -Review, November 17, 1935, p. 34. 76 poor gentle fanciful aomls that ne are, believe that

among the undergraduates in the 600-odd colleges 8f the United States and Canada, there mst be one who has a small collection of book8 saificiently important to him "1 to inspire am article that ne would all enjoy reading. Three winning essays were published. The "Crow's Best* a180 commented on old and new books and kept readers aware of publications being Pre- pared by The Colophon. In addition to these caauml com- menta, there was a section of "Books about Books" which eventually grew into a separate department. "Xotes md Queries," the other regular feature of the New Series and the Neu Graphic Seriea, waa under the guidance of Randolph G. Adam for the first three years, with Lloyd A. Brown substituting far him in the Hew Graphic Series. The quotation at the head of the first article una

'There 118) more Questiona than Answers in this world." This proved true for the department, since there were three times as Mny queations appearing in the column aa there were Inbuera. In the Hatso seetion, Hr. Adma not only brought out facfs about books But he also made suggestions for research that needed to be done. "~rginalia,' a femture of The Hew Celophon, was not conducted iR exrctlF the suiie way that the "Crow's Beat" bad been. The primary consideration of the column was the

lnCrowts Hest," The Colophon, New Series, Vol. 111, P. 145. 77 typographical background of the issue. Bot onlyms the layout of the mgazine described in detail, but also lengthy biographical information was given 011 the men who were re- sponsible for designing the typogmphy. "Court of Appeals," presided over by David A. Randall, took up where "Notes and Queries" left off, but without the Botes. As a court for settling bibliographical questions, its average was much better than that of its predecessor. Of the forty-one appeala, thirty-five received answers supplied either by Mr. Randall or by the readers. Each volume of The New Colophon contained the "Books about Booka" section which had originated in the "cFou*s

Nest." Compiled by George L. McKay, this was I brief1;r annotated list of books about books that had been ptxblished during the preceding year in both the United States and &gland. Paul NcPharlints "Scrapbook of Strays" which appeared in the first three nuiabera of The Bleu Colophon brought together bits of information on snch aollectorts items as postage stamps, letterheads, and eighteenth century Massachusetts paper money. Carl P. Rollinst "Adventures in Typography" oommented on books, magazines, and maps, but always from the typographical standpoint. As a replacement for 'Scrapbook of' Strays," this feature ran in the last three issues of Volume Two. 78 The combination of intormation found in ~eatltres~-n~arginalia,n"Books About Booka," "Sc of Strays," and *Adventures in Typographyn--was I mately equal to the 'Crawls West." They were simply en- largements of themes found in that early column. The editora gave particular attention to illustrations. In the original series and New Graphic Seriea, one or two rrticles in each isaae had specially-drawn illustrations, and several had illuatratione from the book under disetlssion. Although two or three artioles in each number had no illustrations, laost of the pietss at least had reproductions of title pages, Occasisnally a facsimile of a letter ar a manuscript appeared, rad every article about an illuatrator contained numeraus examples of the artist's work. Although the reproductions or title pages and racsiniles of mannseripta usually appeared in black mi whit., the line drruings aaed for illustrations frequ were printed in a color. An original engraving, etch lithograph, or woodcut print appeared in eaah number, with a predominance of wood engravings. In the subdued New Seriar, illustmtiana of any sort were the exception. Two original drrrrringa were printed, however,--one in Kumber Four of Volume One, and the other in Number One of Volua@Two. A series or pho*o( personal libraries appeared in the last three nr 79 Volume 'faro, ad in Volume Three, 3mber Two five designs for Christmna cards were ptabllshed. A variety of small block prints were used for decoratlans at the hePds Of the articles, and when illustrations did appear in the text, no color was used. In The New Colophon_, illustrations were nsed more frequently than irr the Wen Series, but photographs of manuscripts and repreductions of title pages were mort often used. Original illurtrationa were found meat f*e- quently in the infoplaal rrticlea on collecting, but EQ full-page original drawings were included. Advertising appeared only In the Bev Serier of The Colophon and in Ifhe Hew ColoDhon. In the lpew Series the last section of eaah issae was entitled "Advertising Annotmaemeats of Great Intereat ta Boohnen.m The mCrowfs Best" shared these last pages wlth the advertisemexkta, with some pages all text, some pnges all adrertireianta, mad roae a combination of both. Among the advertisers were book shops, presses, paper companies, emd publishers. In line vith the statement made in the prospectus, the advertising laput conformed to "a hiBh typogrrphic stendaFd.* A wide variety of borders and types was used, making each adver- tiaement highly lndiriduallstic. In Volume One of The Hew Colophon, full pages of advertislag faced fall pager of the text of 'Scrapbook of 80 Strays" or "Harginalia." In Volume Two the advi

appeared on the same pages with "Court of Appeal, --.. "Marginalia,m tad in Volxuue Three the advertising was put into a separate aectien. For the moat part, the advertisma were firm which had dene work for the iuagmztne, swa%has the Lir Company and the Walpole Printlng Office. Qtihera! aeen to be filends of the maga%ine--Goodarpsedfs and Sawel bookshops for example--and there was an eacaalonrl aavmr- tisemant ef sooh a produe ma Steuben glas The Colophon ma the rmaifestation of Vrest Orton's

idea which originally had specifications thtt were mLaOr-

phops, inchoate, witfroat form and void--most per,rlodicals spring fpam aolaparable nebulae.m1 Throagh hia efforts and thoae of the mther editars, the quarterly was brought

to life, vigorous in ita first steps. Although W. Orton resigned his editorship alter two para, hia idea had become firmly rooted in ths minds of ElmeF Adler, Barton Emmett and John T. Wintorich. Since Adler and Winterich edited the publication thFQngh a11 its phases the7 night be conaidered the anchor men who held the magazine te as the7 pressed it forward. Wintorich handled some e public relations by writing artiales about the mgarl while Adlsr kept improving the contents br continually solggestlng nev ideas for articles and featarea. The editorial nlrcleus drew to it a group of book collectors who were not only experts an baoks but who also had ybn raeogaltion in their professions, so that the list of contpibutors ma aa impressive as the roster of contributing editom.

'Uintarich, Index: The Colophon. 1930-192, p. 5. 81 82

Equally important were the artists and tnographerr whose work went into the magazine. They contributed toward amking The ColqDhon of high quality tjpographically. The

cover and colophon designs, the design of the laa@ZbS itself ad the quality of paper rad printing combined to urke a handsome format. Although there tias occasional criticism af the Mga-

tine for not printing emugh articlea on CttrFeN% topics, the orerall view of the cantent ahcm that thu later issues printed enough aterial on current subjects ta make up for any previous deficiency. A conseions effort was made to

include some humorous articles, and the IIUIU~~Tof dull pieces uaa relatively sull. %very periodical conatantlj meatles with the problem of finding aasugh interesting, valuable material and The Colophon acquitted itaelf ad- mirably in this area. In the final analysis, The ColoDhon waa a qlurterly for book-collectors in the broadest sense of that classification of hmmsity. It 1818 directed at thoae who believed, with A. Edward Newton, that .a man (or a woman) is the moat intersat- ing thing in the world; and next is a book, uhich en- ables one to get at the heart of the laJstery..l The magarhe that reaulted from the nebulous beginning was not alone in the varld of book colleators' magazines, however. Although there was no magazine in direct

'Winterieh, Eublishersr Weeklx, Boverber 22, 1947, P. 2398. 83 competition with The Colovhon, the quarter17 did areas covered bj other periodicals. In 1947, wh

Mew Colophon was being made read7 for enbranee 0 8CUe, &.Winterich listed SO- of the Coarpetit the rerived magazine would hate ta fate. &amber these warm the PaDers of the Bibliomaphical SOC America, the Hamare Library Balletin, the Library or uon- peas Journal of Recent.AcpUisitiQna, ad auth non-instita- tional mngixiaes as Print, Imurirrtur, and Amerioan Notes and Queries. Some ef the publications appeamd more fre- qUelItlJ and some less frequently than The !tau ColoDhon, bat all sold for a fraction of The Cola.phonta fifteen dollar subscription price.l To this aituation Mr. Winteric e0.nnsnted: The New Colophon haa its job cat out for it if it ia to succeed, as it will attempt to do, in providing bibliographicil fare both tastj and nouriahing enough to five up to ths subscription price. Phjaically, at leaat, The Heu Colophon will be a far more elaborate publication than any of its "cornpetitera" but its publishers and ita, editors realize that clothes do not make the man, or decorated boarda the book.2 Only occasionally uere The Colevhon article r%ealty about collecting. More often thaa not, tha mation presented would be of ns much interest to a of literature aa it uaa to the collector. The Cola fuaed to be limited to one phase of the bo@k world,

lw., pp. 2400-2401. 2Ibid-.* P. 2402. 84 ita pars of ptxblication, it tatached om dust about evmY area in tbe field of boeks, With ita liuibd circrilation, it an hardly be slid that this angazina tn2luenced great nlllabers of psople or that it revolutionired bvak collecting, but if nothing else, it served as a repeaitery for articles uhich 'will remain usepnl to future scholars. Althoe there uere critics uho diaapproved of tha eIrphraia OR typography, this, too, will serve as a record of the ourrent styles in printing. As for fallowing the propositions atads in the praapibctua, the editors tonsiatently carried them oat, er deviated only ai a major change in poliq was put into effect. The range of the magasine una broadmed to ia- olude not only the reader nko "already oallects books and knows why,"l but the non-collector vha enjoTa& "literarj history, gossip, and The range of subjects suggested in the prospectus was followed fairly closely, and craftsmanship, aa reoognized by the Qraphic Arts In- atitute of America, nsvorthy of note. The ColoPhon proved itaelf worthy of its promiaes, and for thirteen years it gave collectora a remarkable variety of articles, art, and typography.

lprospectua ~ime Colophon. 2Brooks, "Aotes on Rare Books," Ben York Times Book Review, April 7, 1935, P. 23. COPY OF TKE COLOPHOIS PROSPECTUS - 1929

In iasning these letters patent for a ne odlcal for book collectors, its spons~rsare snp by the conviction that America never haa sheltered auch a host of underatanding book collectora as it does today It ir an audience that merits such a service as the editors of The ColoDhon hope the quarterlf vi11 render. The reader to whom The Colophon will be directed already collects books and knows why. Its appeal, there- fore cannot be elenentar7, nor will it be a vehicle of collecting propaganda. Its tastes uill be as catholic aa the tastsa of all ita contributors. The Color&onls primary concern will be with colleoted and collectable books-first editions, fine printing, inawabula, association books, Ameriaana, bibliography mdmanuacripta. The atrbjeot of book illustration Will receive attention, ad signiricant examples, whether in copper plate, lithograph or wood either from the original plates or in facsimile by one of the photo-me 8.5 86 The ColoDhon will have at least eighty pages of text, frequently with special inasrta exemplifying experi- ment and achievement in book design from important Ameri- can and foreign preares, The cover of each nmmber will be from a special drawing by some diatinguiahed American wtiat. The nWar of copies printed will be limited to two thousand, solely becauae the mechanieal requ3remeats will be sueh that a larger printing ceald not have the high quality of oraftamamhip which the editors wish the publication to attain. Tho advertising, no 1088 than the editorial content, mat conrmrm to a high tjpQgraphiC standard. Primary Sources

The Annual or Bookmaking. Ben York, 1938. ghe Coloshon. 1930-1940.

Index: Tha Colophon. 193V-1935. Ben YO> The Hew Colophon. 1948-1950. Winterieh, John T. Personal letter, Marc

Bibliographic Sources Biograohr hdex, January 1946-1949; SePtt 1955. Hew Yark, E. W. Wilson Co. Cumulative Book Index, 1928-1937. Rou Yc co . The Hew york Tlmes Index, 1930-1950. Bet 1931-1951. Readerla Ouids to Pefiodical Literature, New York, H. U. Wilson Co.

Boob Cannon, Carl L. American Book Collectors from Colonial Times to the Present. STOW ~urac H. w. Wllson Co., 1941. Tho Canadian mota Who, 1952-1954. TQrOntO, Trans-Can Preas.

qictiorury of American Scholars. 2d ad. Lamaster, PI Science Press, 1951. Index to the Publiaatians of the BibllonraDhl America, 1932-1951. 87 88

Lehmann-Haupt, Hellmt, Wroth, Lawrence C., and Silver, Rollo G. The Book in America: A HintorJr of the Haking and Sellian of Books in the United States. 2d ed. New York: R. R. Boukar Go., 1952. HcHwtrle, Donglaa C. The Book: The Story of Printinn and Bookmaking. Lcndonz Oxford University Press, 1943. The Hew York Tiaes Index, 1930-1950. Hew York: The %'%ma, 1931-1951. The Oxford Dictionary of Quotationa. 2d ea. London: Oxford Univeraitg Press, 1953. Union List or Serial. in Libraries ai the United States and Canada 'Edited by Winifred Gregory. 2d ed. New York: H. M. Wilson Co., 1943. 2d Smpplement t0 the 2d Edition, January 1955-Dece;ber 1949. Edited by hgaFranck. Heu York: H. W. Wilson Co., 1953. who Wan Who in America, 1.897-1942. Chicago: A. N. Marquii Co., 1942.

@O'S Whq, 1954. Hew York, Maemillan Ca. Who's Who in America, 1942-1943, 1950-1951, 1954-1959. Chicago, A. N. Marquis Co. Whota who in American Art, 1936-1937. Washington, American Federation of' Arts. Who's Who in Library Service. 26 ed. Hew York: H. W. Yilsan Co., 1943. Uhola uho Monthly SnurJlement, Seriea IV, #a. 3. Chicago: A. hrqUi8 CO., 1943.

Articles BuJJetin of Biblioarbphp; January 1940-April 1943, September 1946dpril 1953. Boston, F. U. Faxon Co.

FFWCia, F. C. Review of The New Colophon, Part 1, Librarx, I11 (March l9&9), 302-303. The New York Timen. 1930-1942. 89 The Xew Yrwker, Deaamber 4, 1948, pp. 26-27. "Retirements,' Colleas and Research Librarioa, (October 19521, 391. -Time, April 11, 1949s P. 78.

Yalbridgs, Emle F. Review sf The Xew Colophan, =-.cu A, The Pauers of' the Biblio~ra~hicalSocist XI1 (First Quarter, 19481, 91. Wilson Library Bullstin, June 19.54, P. 826.

Wintorich, John T. "Through Fire and Flood 1 Publishers! Yeeklg, PTovember 22, 1947, p