DOCSLIB.ORG

Introducing Lesser-Known Wood Species from Certified Forests in Bolivia to the U.S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Introducing Lesser-Known Wood Species from Certified Forests in Bolivia to the U.S Introducing Lesser-Known Wood Species from Certified Forests in Bolivia to the U.S. Market by Victor H. Cossio Antezana Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Department of Wood Science and Forest Products of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Wood Science and Forests Products Approved: Dr. Robert L. Smith, Chair Dr. A.L. Hammett, Co-chair Mr. Philip A. Araman July 10, 2007 Blacksburg, Virginia Introducing Lesser-Known Wood Species from Certified Forests in Bolivia to the U.S. Market Victor H. Cossio Antezana (ABSTRACT) A nationwide mail survey was conducted among importers and other members of the supply chain linked to the importation of tropical hardwood products to assess the market potential for Bolivian lesser-known wood species (LKS) in the U.S. market. One hundred and eleven companies responded to the questionnaire and provided information on their interest in importing lesser-known wood species, their willingness to pay for a Bolivian wood species substitute, percentage of their imports that are environmentally certified, and important factors considered to try new wood species. The results indicate that tropical hardwoods represent 33% of the product mix of companies that purchased wood products. Typically, companies imported less than 100 MBF in 2006. Sawnwood was the product that was imported the most, followed by plywood, veneer and flooring. Six Bolivian LKS are among the top 16 new wood species purchased by respondent companies in 2006 and three Bolivian LKS are part of the top 12 common tropical wood species imported in the U.S. Sixty-seven percent of overall respondents stated that they have plans to increase the imports of tropical hardwoods in 2007. Typically, members of the supply chain tried 1 to 2 new wood species in 2006. Retailers were the sector that tried the most, on average 5 new species. Price and availability were the major reasons to try new wood species. A MS-Access database was developed that allows comparisons of 20 potentially marketable Bolivian LKS with 10 common U.S. domestic hardwoods and 20 common tropical hardwoods imported into the U.S. Finally, strategic marketing recommendations are suggested to promote Bolivian LKS in the U.S. Results indicate that there are good opportunities for Bolivian LKS in the U.S market. Dedication This study is dedicated to my mother Ercilia for her continued love and support, to my father and brothers for their support and words of encouragement, to the new members in my heart: Bernardo, Nicolas and Nicole for giving me invaluable smiles. I look forward to spending more time with my family in Bolivia. Also, I am dedicating this study to my friends and colleagues of the wood industry in Bolivia. iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following people and agencies for there support throughout this project: My most sincere appreciation to Dr. Robert L. Smith for providing me the opportunity to work on this project. He has provided me with support, guidance and hospitality over the past two years. Thank you very much. My thanks to Dr. A. L. Hammett and P. Araman for their support and service as my advisory committee. My thanks to the USAID, Virginia Tech, Pablo Pinell from The Nature Conservancy, and BOLFOR II for their support and funding for this project. My thanks to Omid Parhizkar, and Brian Perkins for their help throughout this project. iv Preface This thesis consists of five sections. Chapter one starts with an overview of the project, reviews literature relevant to the Bolivian forest products sector and the U.S. hardwood market, provides the justification of this research and defines the objectives. Chapter two discusses the results obtained during the mail survey and the follow-up personal interviews. Chapter three discusses the characterization of Bolivian lesser-known wood species. Chapter four suggests strategic marketing recommendations to introduce Bolivian lesser-known species into the U.S. Chapter five consists of a summary of the results and conclusions, prescribes recommendations for future research, and outlines the limitations of this study. v Table of Contents List of Figures..........................................................................................................................................ix List of Tables...........................................................................................................................................xi Abbreviations Used ................................................................................................................................xii CHAPTER 1. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT......................................................................1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................1 Bolivian Forest Products Sector ...............................................................................................................2 Lesser-Known Wood Species...................................................................................................................6 Certified Forest Products..........................................................................................................................9 Certification Schemes ........................................................................................................................11 Certification in Bolivia.......................................................................................................................13 Certification in the U.S.......................................................................................................................14 The U.S. Wood Market...........................................................................................................................16 Market Segments ....................................................................................................................................22 Flooring..............................................................................................................................................23 Decking ..............................................................................................................................................26 Indoor Furniture .................................................................................................................................27 Outdoor Furniture...............................................................................................................................29 Millwork and Moulding .....................................................................................................................30 Cabinets..............................................................................................................................................33 Dimension and Components ..............................................................................................................36 Other Markets.....................................................................................................................................37 Justification.............................................................................................................................................38 Objectives ...............................................................................................................................................38 Literature Cited.......................................................................................................................................40 CHAPTER 2. SURVEY OF U.S. COMPANIES .......................................................................................46 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................46 Methods ..................................................................................................................................................47 Population ..........................................................................................................................................47 Sampling frame ..................................................................................................................................48 Data Collection...................................................................................................................................48 Data Analysis .....................................................................................................................................50 Results and Discussion ...........................................................................................................................50 Response Rate ....................................................................................................................................50 Non-response bias..........................................................................................................................51 Demographics ....................................................................................................................................52 Type of Business............................................................................................................................53 Gross Sales and Number of Employees.........................................................................................53
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Selling Your Timber
    Selling Your Timber A timber sale is a serious matter requiring careful preparation. The results of many years of past timber growth are at stake, and the condition of the forest after the sale profoundly affects its productivity for many years to come. Basics to Consider If profit is your primary objective, avoid the temptation to make a “quick sale.” Think about what you are going to do, and don’t be pressured Your best interest should 1. Hire a Registered Consulting Forester into making a decision. Using the competitive bid be the top priority of anyone to Help With the Planning and Sale of process can maximize your profits. you hire to assist in your timber sale. They should Your Timber fully disclose and resolve Selling timber can be a source of great satisfaction compromised. It reduces opportunities for any existing or potential to a landowner. It may also be surprising, frustrating misunderstandings between you and the buyer and/or conflicts of interest. and stressful, especially for landowners who conduct logger, helps ensure the harvest will maximize financial timber sales infrequently. returns for all parties, protects water quality and Relying on the expertise of a registered consulting maintains or enhances forest productivity. Reforestation forester for help with harvest planning and timber sales alternatives should also be planned prior to timber reduces the likelihood that sellers or buyers will be harvests to ensure that the specific harvest methods caught off guard - and that helps landowners get the used complement long-term forest management goals. Tax Implications highest return for their timber.
    [Show full text]
  • Parquetry Short
    Parquetry Short PARQUETRY 520 540 545 22220 + 22229 51822 22220 565 720 790 22860 46926 54991 While all care is taken, product images may vary in colour due to possible printing process variations. Images are to be used as a guide only to give an idea of the colour and nuances of the pattern, but are not fully representative of the variations among www.moduleo.com.au the planks (which reflects the natural product which inspired the design). For a representative view of the surface structure and variations within the design, take a look at the big samples on display and ask your retailer for more advice. Parquetry Short PARQUETRY TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Collection Parquetry M² per Box 2.4m2 Type Vinyl Plank M² per Pallet 192m2 Elegant Wood Emboss Em- Plank Thickness 2.5mm Surface bossed in Register Rough Sand Dimensions 632mm (L) x 158mm (W) Profile Micro Bevel Wear Layer 0.55mm Protective Coating Protectonite® Planks per Box 24 Finish Matte Colours 6 Installation Method Direct Stick PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS Abrasion Rating Group T EN 660-2 Classification 23, 33, 42 EN ISO 10874 Dimensional Stability ≤0.05% EN ISO 23999 Residual Indentation Norm: ≤0.10mm, 0.03mm EN ISO 24343-1 Castor Chair No Damage EN ISO 4918 Impact Sound Reduction Ln’T,w Result Test Application Ln’T,w Result No underlay Underlay: 2mm rubber 150mm Slab + 28mm Furrings + 10mm Plasterboard 65 54 200m Slab 69 58 ISO140-7 / ISO717.2 200mm Slab + 28mm Furrings + 10mm Plasterboard 64 53 200mm Slab + R2.5 Insulation + 100mm Cavity + 10mm Plasterboard 61 50 250mm Slab + 28mm
    [Show full text]
  • PARQUETRY Join Us for David's Presentation on Monday January 8
    Greenville Woodworkers Guild January 2018 David Adler Woodart | PARQUETRY Join us for David’s presentation on Monday January 8. David Adler / A life-long passion When I was a young boy about 9 years old I had a neighbor who was a woodworker and crafter who made all kinds of items. I used to visit him, espe- cially in the summer when I would see him in his garden, and we would go into his woodworking shop sometimes. On one of these visits he saw my inter- est in wood and said, “Working with wood is a bond between man and nature.” These words have stuck with me all these years and are more meaningful to me now then when I was 9 years old. I am basically a third generation woodworker/lover. My grandfather, mother, and her brother were all into woodworking of one form or another. Until now my career has been as a Manufacturing Engineer. This has given me the ability to figure out how to make the Parquetry with different tools. All of my work is handmade, one-of-a-kind. I started doing wood art in September of 2000 (I was a late bloomer). Until then all I did with wood was finish rooms in the houses I’ve lived in, or the odd piece of furniture every now & then. However, since I started this “hobby” it has overtaken my left- brained Engineering life. If I don’t get to work on one of my wall hangings, or just cut wood for a few days, I get a bad case of wood withdrawal and my body and mind start to crave for a fix! Yes, I am a sawdust Junky.
    [Show full text]
  • Variation of Basic Density and Brinell Hardness Within Mature Finnish Betula Pendula and B
    VARIATION OF BASIC DENSITY AND BRINELL HARDNESS WITHIN MATURE FINNISH BETULA PENDULA AND B. PUBESCENS STEMS Henrik Herujarvi Research Scientist Finnish Forest Research Institute Joensuu Research Centre P.O. Box 68 FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland (Received November 200 1 ) ABSTRACT Thc objective of this study was to analyze the variation in basic density between different horizontal and vertical locations within mature Finnish Betula pendula and B. puhescens stems. In addition, the depen- dence of Brinell hardness in radial direction, which is of importance especially for the parquetry, veneer. and plywood industries, on the basic density was investigated. Furthermore, the sources of error in the Brinell hardness test according to EN 1534 were analyzed. Both basic density and Brinell hardness were measured from small. defect-free specimens. The average basic density of B. pendula and B. pubescerz.s were 5 12 kg/m3 and 478 kg/m3, respectively. Concerning both birch species, wood material near the pith was clearly less dense than near the surface of the stem. The average Brinell hardness of B. pendula spec- irnens was 23.4 MPa, and that of B. pubescens specimens was 20.5 MPa. Brinell hardness was found to be positively correlated with basic density. Therefore, the assumption that Brinell hardness varies within a birch stem similarly to basic density is confirmed. The test method according to the EN 1534 standard was found to hc precise enough hut unnecessarily laborious for hardness tests. Finally, an alternative method is s~~ggestedfor determining Brinell hardness on an industrial scale. Kryw,orti.c: Basic density. Brinell hardness, Betula pendul(~,Beruln puhescens, furnishing, parquet, veneer, plywood.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 Directory of Maine's Primary Wood Processors
    Maine State Library Digital Maine Forest Service Documents Maine Forest Service 9-14-2011 2010 Directory of Maine's Primary Wood Processors Maine Forest Service Forest Policy and Management Division Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalmaine.com/for_docs Recommended Citation Maine Forest Service, "2010 Directory of Maine's Primary Wood Processors" (2011). Forest Service Documents. 253. https://digitalmaine.com/for_docs/253 This Text is brought to you for free and open access by the Maine Forest Service at Digital Maine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Forest Service Documents by an authorized administrator of Digital Maine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 2010 Directory of Maine’s Primary Wood Processors Robert J. Lilieholm, Peter R. Lammert, Greg R. Lord and Stacy N. Trosper Maine Forest Service Department of Conservation 22 State House Station Augusta, Maine 04333-0022 School of Forest Resources University of Maine Orono, Maine 04469-5755 December 2010 Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Maine's Primary Wood Processors I. Stationary Sawmills ............................................................................................. 4 II. Portable Sawmills ............................................................................................. 67 III. Pulp and Paper Manufacturers ...................................................................... 106 IV. Stand-Alone
    [Show full text]
  • Wood As a Sustainable Building Material Robert H
    CHAPTER 1 Wood as a Sustainable Building Material Robert H. Falk, Research General Engineer Few building materials possess the environmental benefits of wood. It is not only our most widely used building mate- Contents rial but also one with characteristics that make it suitable Wood as a Green Building Material 1–1 for a wide range of applications. As described in the many Embodied Energy 1–1 chapters of this handbook, efficient, durable, and useful wood products produced from trees can range from a mini- Carbon Impact 1–2 mally processed log at a log-home building site to a highly Sustainability 1–3 processed and highly engineered wood composite manufac- tured in a large production facility. Forest Certification Programs 1–3 As with any resource, we want to ensure that our raw ma- Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) 1–4 terials are produced and used in a sustainable fashion. One Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) 1–4 of the greatest attributes of wood is that it is a renewable resource. If sustainable forest management and harvesting American Tree Farm System (ATFS) 1–4 practices are followed, our wood resource will be available Canadian Standards Association (CSA) 1–5 indefinitely. Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) Schemes 1–5 Wood as a Green Building Material Over the past decade, the concept of green building1 has Additional Information 1–5 become more mainstream and the public is becoming aware Literature Cited 1–5 of the potential environmental benefits of this alternative to conventional construction. Much of the focus of green building is on reducing a building’s energy consumption (such as better insulation, more efficient appliances and heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems) and reducing negative human health impacts (such as con- trolled ventilation and humidity to reduce mold growth).
    [Show full text]
  • Beech Lumber, Edged NHLA Standard
    Grading Rules Beech lumber, edged l NHLA standard FAS FAS/1F METRIC METRIC Length 2,45 m Length 2,45 m Minimum width 150 mm Minimum width 150 mm INCHES INCHES Length 8 Length 8 Minimum width 6 Minimum width 6 Yield 83,33 % Yield 83,33 % Top quality. Both sides suitable for the Better side top quality. highest requirements. SEL BET Graded same like FAS/F1 but in mini- mum 100 mm width and 1.85 m length. METRIC Length 1,85 m Minimum width 100 mm INCHES Length 6 Minimum width 4 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Yield 83,33 % 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 No. 1 COM No. 2 COM METRIC METRIC Length 1,85 m Length 1,85 m Minimum width 80 mm Minimum width 80 mm INCHES INCHES Length 6 Length 6 Minimum width 3 Minimum width 3 Yield 66,66 % Yield 50 % High yield, guaranteed at medium and long lengths. 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Beech lumber, unedged l EOS standard A - grade B - grade METRIC METRIC Length 2,10 m Length 2,10 m Minimum width 32 mm 100 mm Minimum width 32 mm 100 mm (thickness) 32 mm 120 mm (thickness) 32 mm 120 mm INCHES INCHES Length 7 Length 7 Minimum width 5/4 mm 4 Minimum width 5/4 mm 4 (thickness) 5/4 mm 5 (thickness) 5/4 mm 5 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 C - grade Red Heart METRIC Same quality conditions as for C-grade, Length 90 % 2,10 m but red heart permitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Single-Family Residential Design Guidelines
    APPENDICES Single-family Residential Design Guidelines Marin County Community Development Agency Technical Appendices Appendix A Design Guidelines User’s Checklist Appendix B Design Review Administrative Procedures and Design Review Submittal Requirements Appendix C Development Code Design Review Regulations Appendix D Development Code Planned District Development Standards Appendix E Drainage Practices Appendix F Driveway and Parking Design Appendix G Streams and Riparian Resources Appendix H Preservation of Trees Appendix I Marin County Water Conservation Ordinance for Landscaping in Residential Projects Appendix J Fire Hazard Matrix: Standards for Managing Vegetation Appendix K Hillslope Habitat Areas Appendix L Planting Design for Hillside Residential Development Appendix M Plant Selection Guide (Draft for Central Marin Hillside Areas) and Non-native Invasive Plants Appendix N-1 Resource Conservation for Single-family Residential Development Appendix N-2 New Home Green Building Residential Design Guidelines Appendix N-3 Remodeling Green Building Residential Design Guidelines Appendix N-4 Home Remodeling Green Building Guidelines Appendix O Universal Design Principles Appendix P Case Studies in Building Stepbacks Appendix A Design Guidelines User’s Checklist Single-family Residential Design Guidelines Appendix A Design Guidelines User’s Checklist The following checklist should be used by staff in reviewing applications to determine conformance with the Design Guidelines. It should also be used by applicants in designing the project. YES NO N/A SITE DESIGN 1. Has vegetation removal been minimized? (A-1.1) 2. Does site design minimize storm water runoff? (A-1.2) 3. Does site design protect streams? (A-1.3) 4. Is grading minimized? (A-1.4) 5. Does design of road access minimize grading? (A-1.5) BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Single-Family Residential Design Guidelines
    Single-family Residential Design Guidelines Adopted by the Marin County Board of Supervisors on July 19, 2005. Marin County Community Development Agency July 2005 Acknowledgments This document is prepared in memory of Andrea Fox, Senior Planner. Marin County Board of Supervisors Susan Adams District 1 Steve Kinsey District 4 Hal Brown District 2 Cynthia Murray District 5 Charles McGlashan District 3 Planning Commission Don Dickenson District 1 Hank Barner District 5 Jo Julin District 2 Allan Berland (At Large) Randy Greenberg District 3 Steve Thompson (At Large) Wade Holland District 4 Technical Advisory Committee Bob Abeling Indian Valley Association President Al Aramburu Marin Board of Realtors Wiebke Buxbaum Pt. Reyes Station Village Association Design Review Committee Teri Bremer Lucas Valley Homeowners Association Architectural Review Board Geof Butler, Architect Strawberry Design Review Board David Blatchford Strawberry Design Review Board William Cullen, Architect Tamalpais Design Review Board Barry Evergettis Kent Woodlands Property Owners Association Dotty Lemieux Sierra Club Harriott Manley Santa Venetia Neighborhood Association Pat McDonnell Nicasio Design Review Board Christina Oldenburg Homestead Valley Resident Anne Petersen Kentfield Planning Advisory Board Barbara Salzman Audubon Society Elizabeth Shreeve Landscape Architect, SWA Ron Simpkins, Civil Engineer CSW/Stuber Stroeh Brock Wagstaff, Architect Marin Builders Exchange County Staff Alex Hinds, Community Development Director Brian Crawford, Deputy Director of Planning Services Christine Gimmler, Senior Planner Thomas Lai, Principal Planner Prepared by: Gast Hillmer Urban Design Single-family Residential Design Guidelines i [This page is intentionally left blank.] Single-family Residential Design Guidelines ii Single-family Residential Design Guidelines The Marin County Community Development Agency Table of Contents I.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollmeier Grading Beech
    Pollmeier grading Beech DISTRIBUTED BY Pollmeier beech. Our pre-sanding is your assurance. With traditional suppliers, you often only discover hidden faults after processing – when it’s already too late. At Pollmeier, we supply pre-sanded wood. This allows you to take a »deep look« into our lumber – literally – and can make a precise sorting judgement on quality. Your advantages • pre-sanding for perfect quality control • pre-grading for less waste • more efficient machining cycles for lower labour costs • Pre-sorted* or fixed widths* on request * Further information on pages 22 / 23 The optimal quality for every application – graded for you 04 · 05 1 Both faces / • mouldings Superior • staircases high demands • solid wood boards • furniture / kitchen furniture • parquetry / floors • distributor 06 · 07 2 Cabinet 08 · 09 3 Custom Shop 10 · 11 4 One Face / • staircases / wall strings / Superior steps with one visible face 1 Face high demands • tabletops / worktops / door edge bands / door frames / solid wood boards solely one face visible 12 · 13 5 • baseboards Cabinet/Custom Shop • floors 1 Face • distributor 14 · 15 6 Redheart Wood products that require colour: Superior Colour Redheart • floors natural (incl. red heart) • beech heartwood furniture • tabletops • distributor 16 · 17 7 Colour Redheart 18 · 19 8 without colour demands Hidden or overpainted wood parts: Superior Colour • painted mouldings • carcass assemblies • dowels / round rods • other wood products without 20 · 21 colour demands 9 Colour • distributor 22 · 23 10 Pollmeier special services • sorted to widths Pollmeier special services • ripped to widths Face The top quality from Pollmeier. The dominant features of this top quality are its high yield and minimised processing times.
    [Show full text]
  • C. Woods for Interior Paneling
    I INTHODUCTIDN Since the first settlers cleared the land and built log cabins, American families have been surrounded by woods. Wood is an important part of the roof over our heads, the walls around us, the floors under our feet, and the furniture that provides for our comfort. Wood will continue to be used for home interiors be­ cause of its warmth, comfort, and beauty. A knowledge of woods, their characteristics and limitations, and an ability to recognize them can be both profitable and satisfying. II CHARACTERISTICS Of WOOD A. Hardwoods-Softwoods Woods are divided into two general classes, soft­ woods and hardwoods. Softwoods come from conifers, the cone-bearing trees, such as pine, fir, cedar, spruce, and hemlock. The hardwoods are deciduous; some hardwood trees shed their leaves annually. Among the hardwoods are ash, oak, elm, beech, maple, cherry, hickory, and walnut. The terms hard and softwoods can be misleading, as some "hardwoods" are actually softer than some "softwoods." Oak is one of the most durable woods used in homes for finish work, trim, and furniture. Oak's dura­ bility makes it highly desirable for flooring and furni­ ture that must withstand heavy use. Other less expen­ sive woods such as pine and fir are used where strength is relatively less important. 3 B. Wood Colors and Porosity moisture. In summer when humidity is high, moisture Woods may be identified by observing three char­ content in woods may increase to 10 to 12 percent. acteristics-color, porosity, and density (degree of Though protective coatings of paint, varnish, or hardness).
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix C: Forest Management Certification Programs
    AAAPPENDIXPPENDIXPPENDIX C: FFC: ORESTORESTOREST MMMANAANAANAGEMENTGEMENTGEMENT CCCERTIFICAERTIFICAERTIFICATIONTIONTION PPPROGRAMS Forest Management and Forest Product Certification In the past 10 years, forest management monitoring has been extended beyond an evalua tion of whether best management practices have been implemented according to state or federal specifications for the protection of habitat values and water quality to encompass ecological, social, and economic values. Independent organizations offer certification of forest management and forest products to forestry operations managed according to an internationally accepted set of criteria for sustainable forest management (Crossley, 1996). The principles and criteria of sustainable forestry are general enough to be appli cable to tropical, temperate, and boreal forests, but the standards used to certify indi vidual operations are sufficiently site- and region-specific for critical evaluation of individual forests and forestry operations. To be certified, forest management must adhere to principles of resource sustainability, ecosystem maintenance, and economic and socioeconomic viability. Resource sustainability means that harvesting is conducted such that the forest remains productive on a yearly basis. Large scale clear-cutting, for instance, such that the forest would have to remain idle and unproductive for many years, would generally not be acceptable. Ecosys tem maintenance means that the ecological processes operating in a forest continue to operate without interruption and the forest’s biodiversity is maintained. The principle implies that harvesting does not fundamentally alter the nature of the forest. Economic and socioeconomic viability incorporate the two previous principles and imply that forest operations are sufficiently profitable to sustain operations from year to year and that social benefits provided by a forest, such as existence and recreational value, are also maintained over the long term.
    [Show full text]