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(Acariformes: Trouessartiidae) from the Lowland Tiny Greenbul Phyl

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(Acariformes: Trouessartiidae) from the Lowland Tiny Greenbul Phyl Acarina 27 (2): 165–174 © Acarina 2019 A NEW SPECIES OF THE FEATHER MITE GENUS CALCEALGES GAUD, 1952 (ACARIFORMES: TROUESSARTIIDAE) FROM THE LOWLAND TINY GREENBUL PHYLLASTREPHUS DEBILIS (PASSERIFORMES: PYCNONOTIDAE): MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTIONS WITH DNA BARCODE DATA Jacek Dabert1* and Marek Bąkowski2 1Department of Animal Morphology, Faculty of Biology, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland 2Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland *corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: A new species Calcealges bochkovi sp. n. (Astigmata: Analgoidea) is described from the lowland tiny greenbul Phyl- lastrephus debilis (Sclater) from Mozambique. This species is close to C. gyroplax Gaud et Mouchet, 1957 described from African bulbuls. Both sexes of these species are very similar in general body shape: in particular, in the form of the epimerites and of the opisthosomal lobes, as well as in the shape of the dorsal shields. The main diagnostic feature of the new species is the striation of dorsal shields, especially pronounced on the prodorsum (in C. gyroplax, these shields lack striae and they are uniformly dot- ted). The standard morphological description is supplemented by the COI barcode data. KEY WORDS: Calcealges, new taxa, morphology, mtDNA barcoding. DOI: 10.21684/0132-8077-2019-27-2-165-174 INTRODUCTION The genus Calcealges Gaud, 1952, together the supranal concavity. As of now, 14 species of with 10 other genera, belongs to the feather mite Calcealges have been described from passerine family Trouessartiidae (Astigmata: Analgoidea), birds, and one—from Megapodiidae (obvious whose representatives occupy plumage of five contamination). All of the above mentioned species avian orders: predominantly Passeriformes and, to have been collected from tropical and subtropical a lesser extent, Caprimulgiformes, Coraciiformes, regions (Table 1) and they likely represent only a Cuculiformes and Piciformes. In the plumage of small portion of the real taxonomic diversity of this their hosts, trouessartiids inhabit vane surfaces of genus (Hernandes 2015). the primary and secondary wing remiges, as well Here, we describe a new species of Calcealges as of the tail rectrices (Orwig 1968; Santana 1976). from a lowland tiny greenbul Phyllastrephus debi- These mites are perfectly adapted to strong aerody- lis (Sclater) (Pycnonotidae) collected in Mozam- namic stresses that prevail in the aforementioned bique. We compare this new species with the most microhabitats and may inhabit both the dorsal and phenotypically similar and probably closely related ventral surfaces of the feathers (Mironov 1987). Calcealges gyroplax Gaud et Mouchet, 1957. The Most representatives of the family are relatively big latter species inhabits the golden greenbul Calyp- feather mites with elongated diamond-shaped bod- tocichla serinus (Verreaux, J et Verreaux, E)—an- ies. Both sexes are strongly sclerotized, especially other African pycnonotid—as well as terrestrial on the dorsal surface. In addition, the mites of both brownbuls, Phyllastrephus terrestris (Swainson). sexes are equipped with opisthosomal lobes (in This article is the first instance of aCalcealges spe- males of most taxa, they are fused along the midline) cies morphological description being supplemented and well-developed ambulacra on all leg tarsi. by a mtDNA barcode sequence (COI). Calcealges belongs to the trouessartiid genera, characterized by enlarged asymmetrical ambulacra MATERIALS AND METHODS III and IV in both sexes and by elongated legs III The material originated from a single specimen in males. Females of this genus, as well as of the of Phyllastrephus debilis trapped in Mozambique closely related Neocalcealges Orwig, 1968, have by Zak Pohlen (Wildlife Conservation Society, their copulatory opening shifted from a typical USA) in 2017. Feather mites were collected in the terminal position to the medio-dorsal surface of the field by carefully extracting 2–3 secondaries from hysteronotum, where it is located on (or anterior to) wings and storing them in vials containing 70% 165 J. Dabert and M. Bąkowski ethanol. After the examination, the birds were re- The only COI barcode sequences, available in the leased back to the wild. Because all the mite indi- GenBank, originate from two unidentified Calce- viduals from the sample were subjected to DNA alges species collected in the USA (KU203091) isolation, we applied a non-destructive method of from Regulus satrapa (Lichtenstein) (Passeri- extraction (Dabert et al. 2008). After this procedure, formes: Regulidae) and in Canada (MG409226, mite exoskeletons were mounted on slides in a MG412689, MG410916, MG4127196) from Faure medium. Junco hyemalis (L.) (Passeriformes: Passerellidae, The morphological description of the new spe- host data after Heather Proctor, University of Al- cies follows the recent standards for trouessartiid berta, Canada). species (Hernandes 2015; Mironov and Palma Bird classification and scientific names are 2016; Mironov and Galloway 2019). The idio- taken from Gill and Donsker (2019). somal and leg chaetotaxy follows Gaud and Atyeo (1996); nomenclature for coxal setation includes SYSTEMATICS corrections proposed by Norton (1998). Drawings Family Trouessartiidae Gaud, 1957 were made with a Leica DM5500 B microscope Genus Calcealges Gaud, 1952 equipped with DIC illumination and a camera lu- cida. All measurements in the text and in the figures Calcealges bochkovi sp. n. are in micrometres (μm). The measurements were based on photos taken by a Leica DFC450 digital (Figs. 1–5) camera and calculated by the LAS v.4.6.1 software Type material. Male holotype, 4 male, 6 female (2105, Leica Microsystems CMS GmbH). Measur- paratypes (AMU 01762) from Phyllastrephus debi- ing standards for particular structures are as fol- lis (Sclater, 1899), Mozambique, Sofala Province, lows: (i) body length is measured from the tips of Cheringoma, Locality near Codzo (Khodzue) Gorge, the palps to the level of setae h3 (after Orwig 1968); 18°33′50.4″S, 34°52′20″E, elevation—216 m, the length of idiosoma is measured from the ante- 20 April 2017, bird det. Z. Pohlen, mites leg. M. rior margin of a propodosoma to the posterior Bąkowski. margin of opisthosomal lobes, including terminal Description. Male (holotype, ranges for 4 membranes; the width of idiosoma is the greatest paratypes in parentheses, Figs. 1, 3, 4A). Body width, measured at the level of a sejugal furrow; length 409 (397–409); idiosoma, length × width, (ii) hysterosoma’s length is measured from the 374 (362–399) × 216 (191–215); hysterosoma level of lateral incisions of a sejugal furrow to the length 228 (219–254). Prodorsal shield nearly posterior margin of opisthosomal lobes, including triangular in form, with posterior margin slightly terminal membranes; hysteronotal shield’s length concave and posterior corners acute, a pair of an- is measured from the level of the anterior corners tero-lateral sclerotized parallel ridges present, to the bases of setae h3; (iii) the distance between surface with distinct transverse striation in poste- idiosomal setae of the same pair is the distance rior part and more oblique at lateral margins, length between their bases; the distance between different along midline 120 (219–127), width at posterior pairs of setae is the distance between the their margin 148 (147–157) (Fig. 1A). External vertical bases on either side of the body (the mean of two setae ve represented by microsetae in rudimentary measures for each specimen). Photos were made alveoli situated at lateral margins of prodorsal by the aforementioned LAS Leica system using the shield. Internal vertical seta vi and internal scapu- Montage Multifocus option and modified in lar setae si thin filiform, 22 (20–25) and 29 (22–31) SHARPEN Projects software v1.19.02658 (2016, long, respectively; setae si separated by 61 (53–61). Franzis Verlag GmbH). External scapular setae se 165 (150–168) long, The morphological description of the new spe- separated by 91 (89–98), set on striated tegument cies is supplemented with the barcode data of the near lateral margins of the shield. Scapular shields mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene extending to ventral surface, not fused to epimerites 661 bps fragment (COI). The sequencing protocol II. Humeral shields with waved dorsal margin and follows Mironov et al. (2012). Due to the insuffi- longitudinally ribbed ventral surface anterior to cient number of comparative DNA sequences for setae cp. Setae c2 set on antero-medial angle of Calcealges, we have not conducted a formal species humeral shields, thick, narrowly lanceolate, 51 delimitation procedure based on the barcode data. (47–52). Setae c3 lanceolate with bidentate apex 166 A new Calcealges species from Pycnonotidae Fig. 1. Calcealges bochkovi sp. n., male. A—dorsal view, B—ventral view. (sometimes indistinct because of aspect of this anterior margin; setae d2 filiform, 65 (63–80) long, seta), 25 (26–30). Hysteronotal shield shaped as exceeding distance between their bases. Setae f2 inverted triangle with concave anterior margin, absent. Setae ps1 represented by microsetae. Dis- length 211 (208–216), maximum width at anterior tances between dorsal idiosomal setae and pores: angles 165 (152–175); lateral margins with darkly c2:d2 82 (77–81), d1:d1 56 (48–56), d2:d2 49 sclerotized bands; surface uniformly dotted with (46–52), e1:e1 20 (16–18), e1:e2 51 (50–52), e1:h2 sparse transverse striation in central part; lobar 100 (100–104), e2:h2 51 (49–52), e1:gl 18 (16–18), region with two parallel longitudinal areas of gl:e2 36 (34–36). lighter sclerotization. Posterior part of opisthosoma Epimerites I fused as a U slightly narrowed spatuliform with a pair of terminal lamellae with posteriorly (Fig. 1B). Rudimentary sclerites rE- 5–6 denticles each; length of lamellae from bases pIIa fused with anterior angles of coxal fields III. of setae h3 to tip of lamellae 16 (15–18). Supranal Coxal fields III closed, IV open. Epimerites IVa concavity rudimentary, slit-like, set at the level of extending anteriorly to level of epiandrum. Scler- setae e2. Setae d1 on hysteronotal shield near its ites of genital apparatus shaped as elongated pen- 167 J.
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