Vivaldile Quattro Stagioni IL GROSSO MOGUL | IL RIPOSO | L’AMOROSO
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CHANNEL CLASSICS CCS SA 40318 Rachel Podger Brecon Baroque VIVALDILe Quattro Stagioni IL GROSSO MOGUL | IL RIPOSO | L’AMOROSO Rachel Podger BBC National Orchestra of Wales, festival Baroque violin/director appearances across the world and at venues including Wigmore Hall and Lincoln Center. “There is probably no more inspirational As a director and soloist, Rachel has musician working today than Podger” enjoyed countless collaborations with (Gramophone). Rachel Podger, “the queen of highlights including Robert Levin, Jordi the baroque violin” (Sunday Times), has Savall, Masaaki Suzuki, Kristian Bezuiden- established herself as a leading interpreter hout, Robert Hollingworth & I Fagiolini, of the Baroque and Classical. She was the European Union Baroque Orchestra, English first woman to be awarded the prestigious Concert, The Orchestra of the Age of Royal Academy of Music/Kohn Foundation Enlightenment, The Academy of Ancient Bach Prize in October 2015. A creative Music, Holland Baroque Society, Tafelmusik programmer she is the founder and Artistic (Toronto), and within the USA the Berwick Director of Brecon Baroque Festival and her Academy, the Handel and Haydn Society, ensemble Brecon Baroque. Berkeley Early Music, Oregon Bach Festival, A significant birthday year for Rachel, and Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra. 2018 holds an exciting and innovative Rachel has won numerous awards new collaboration, Guardian Angel, with including two Baroque Instrumental Gramo- world-renowned vocal ensemble VOCES8. phone Awards for La Stravaganza (2003) and Inspired by her BBC Music Magazine Award Biber Rosary Sonatas (2016), the Diapason winning disc and including Biber’s Passa d’Or de l’année in the Baroque Ensemble caglia of the same name, Podger’s serene category for La Cetra Vivaldi concertos and beguiling virtuosity is the guiding voice (2012), a BBC Music Magazine Award in the in Guardian Angel amidst choral master- instrumental category for Guardian Angel pieces sung by the ‘impeccable’ (Gramo- (2014), and multiple Diapasons d’Or. The phone) VOCES8. Including a new complete Vivaldi L’Estro Armonico concertos commission by upcoming composer Owain (2015) with Brecon Baroque was Record of Park, and works by VOCES8 composer in the Month for both BBC Music and Gramo- residence Jonathan Dove and Sir James phone Magazines, won the concerto MacMillan. Further treats include a tour with category of the 2016 BBC Music Magazine 3 Award, was awarded a Diapason d’Or and Comberti Chair for Baroque Violin (founded was shortlisted for a Gramophone Award in 2008), and the Royal Welsh College of (2015). Upcoming releases for 2018 further Music and Drama where she holds the to Vivaldi’s Le Quattro Stagioni with Brecon Jane Hodge Foundation International Chair Baroque will include solo Bach Cello Suites in Baroque Violin. Rachel has a developing transposed for the violin. relationship with The Juilliard School in A dedicated educator, she holds an New York. honorary position at both the Royal Academy Rachel Podger is managed worldwide by of Music, where she holds the Micaela Percius. www.percius.co.uk 4 Rachel Podger Month for both the BBC Music Magazine and Brecon Baroque and Gramophone Magazine, was awarded a Diapason d’Or, and won the 2016 BBC “Rachel Podger’s crack team deliver Music Magazine Concerto Award. In 2016, miracles of virtuosity” (The Observer). their disc of Biber Rosary Sonatas won the The dynamic ensemble Brecon Baroque Baroque Instrumental Gramophone Award, consists of an international line-up of some followed by the release of Bach Art of of the leading lights in the period-instrument Fugue. Prior to Le Quattro Stagioni, world, including cellist Alison McGillivray, Brecon Baroque’s latest disc Grandissima violist Jane Rogers, harpsichordist Marcin Gravita was released in September 2017 Świątkiewicz, violinist Johannes Pramsohler, to great acclaim, with accolades including and lutenist Daniele Caminiti. The ensemble Gramophone Magazine’s Editor’s Choice specialises in mainly one-to-a-part per- award. formances but also appears as a small Recent highlights include performances baroque orchestra for repertoire including at Edinburgh International Festival, tours Vivaldi, Telemann, Purcell and Handel. of continental Europe, Japan, a UK tour of Rachel and Brecon Baroque’s debut CD, Mid Wales Opera’s Acis and Galatea in a Bach Violin Concertos, attracted universal collaboration with the Royal Welsh College of critical acclaim and was quickly hailed as a Music and Drama, and performances at their benchmark recording of these works. Bach very own Brecon Baroque Festival. Future Double and Triple Concertos was released appearances will feature European and UK to rave reviews in 2013 including CD of tours of Vivaldi L’Estro Armonico Concertos, the week nominations for Classic FM, BBC Bach Art of Fugue, and Vivaldi Le Quattro Radio 3 CD Review, HR2 Kultur (Germany) Stagioni, with concerts in Bath, Oxford, York, and WQXR (New York). The group’s third Aldeburgh, Finland and more. disc, a complete recording of Vivaldi L’Estro Brecon Baroque is managed worldwide Armonico concertos was Record of the by Percius. www.percius.co.uk 5 Brecon Baroque Rachel Podger violin/director Johannes Pramsohler violin Sabine Stoffer violin Jane Rogers viola Alison McGillivray violoncello Jan Spencer violone Daniele Caminiti theorbo Marcin Świątkiewicz harpsichord/ chamber organ 6 Il Grosso Mogul, Il Riposo, trademark. Virtuosity takes part in a larger L’amoroso, and Le Quattro Stagioni social dynamic: it is this that makes Vivaldi’s concertos such joyful music. Vivaldi penned more than 500 concertos. Despite what this recorded collection At least 214 of these are for solo violin and suggests, few of Vivaldi’s instrumental works orchestra, but as Michael Talbot remarks, have programmatic titles. On the whole, titles ‘scarcely a year passes without the gesture towards a general mood. Il Riposo announce ment of some fresh discovery’. and L’amoroso are examples of this indi- So what was the ‘concerto’ to Vivaldi? cation of Affekt – indeed, both are united What about it did he love so much to have in their key of gleaming E major. The case of composed so many? In the decade before Il Grosso Mogul is stranger. There seems to Vivaldi composed Le Quattro Stagioni, be no known link between Vivaldi and the Johann Mattheson described the genre: Indian court of the Grand Mughal, Akbar. The extreme virtuosity required by the soloist “Concertos broadly speaking, are in the outer movements, as well as the long, gatherings and collegia musica … fully written-out cadenzas, suggest a theatri- where among several violins one, cal function. Perhaps Vivaldi performed it as called Violino concertino, stands out on a ‘theatre concerto’ as part of an opera plot account of its especially rapid playing.” set in India. French royalty, however, did play Das neu-eröffnete Orchestre, Hamburg, 1713 a huge role in the reception of Le Quattro Stagione: Perhaps it was this marriage of community and celebrity that was attractive. Vivaldi was The 25th. The Queen walked to the music able to show off – indeed, Talbot describes salon where Mr Guignon played alone that Vivaldi’s reputation as a ‘freakish two sonatas ... the King then asked for violinist’ overshadowed his renown as a Vivaldi’s Spring, which is an excellent composer. Yet Vivaldi could also explore symphony piece, and as the King’s sonorous, rhythmic, and quickly-changing musicians were not present at this orchestral textures. The relationship between concert, the Prince of Dombes, the Count these two levels would become Vivaldi’s d’Èu, and several other Lords of the 8 Le Quattro Stagioni In a letter written to Count Wenzel von Morzin, it is clear that Le Quattro Stagioni had a life before its publication as part of Opus 8 in 1725. Vivaldi writes that he included the Seasons in the new collection as they ‘found generous favour with Your Illustrious Lordship quite a long time ago’. Vivaldi claims that he has improved the concertos. He has also adorned them with sonnets and a ‘clear de- scription of all the things that unfold in them’. And so we come to our first problem. We learn that the four concertos existed in an court, agreed to play along with Mr earlier form without the sonnets. Yet the Guignon, not to deny S.M of hearing this centrality of poetic presentation has become beautiful piece of symphony that was the work’s very ‘meaning’ – after all, King beautifully performed. Louis did not ask for the Concerto in E major, Mercure de France, December 1730. Op. 8 No.1, but La Primavera . Did Vivaldi considerably alter the original concertos to The popularity of Vivaldi’s Opus 8 in France match the narratives of the new sonnets? can be attributed to its programmatic Or perhaps a specific poetic narrative was content. Along with the Seasons, Il cimento already implied by the original version? dell’armonia e dell’inventione (‘The Trial of Does it even matter? As Carolyn Abbate Harmony and Invention’), Op. 8 included puts it, writings about music become ‘part concertos entitled “La tempesta di mare”, of that work as it travels through history’. “Il piacere” and “La caccia”. What was it By embracing the poetry as ‘part’ of the about La Primavera that made King Louis music, we as listeners can rejoice in birdsong, XV demand its performance there and shelter from storm, dance, snooze, skate then, scrambling together an orchestra and shiver in the thrilling strangeness of that included nobility? Why Spring? Vivaldi’s score. 9 La Primavera is a ‘persona’. Lost in melancholic thought, The arrival of Spring – set in the same bright the voice is interrupted by thunderous E major as Il Riposo and L’amoroso – is semiquavers – the depiction of looming announced with joy. Violins engage in bad weather. Through dynamics and the birdsong, trilling to one another. Vivaldi was alternating Adagio-Presto scheme, Vivaldi drawing on a long-established tradition of creates a landscape with a horizon: the birdcall in violin music in idiosyncratic voices.