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Invert9 2 091 104 Vinarski.P65 Invertebrate Zoology, 2012, 9(2): 91104 © INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY, 2012 The Lymnaeid genus Catascopia Meier-Brook et Bargues, 2002 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae), its synonymy and species composition M.V. Vinarski Museum of Siberian Aquatic Molluscs, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 14 Tukhachevskogo Emb., Omsk, 644099, Russian Federation. e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The lymnaeid genus Catascopia Meier-Brook et Bargues, 2002 with the type species Limnaea catascopium Say, 1817 was emerged on the basis of molecular data exclusively. It contains at least four species distributed in the Holarctic region. However, as many as three generic names older than Catascopia are available for the designation of the lymnaeid clade including L. catascopium: Polyrhytis Meek, 1876, Ladislavella B. Dybowski, 1913, and Walterilymnaea Starobogatov et Budnikova, 1976. It is shown that the name Ladislavella should be used for this purpose rather than the oldest one, Polyrhytis, since the latter is based on the fossil species and it is impossible to establish the molecular affinity of its type species with recent lymnaeids. Two new synonymies are proposed: Catascopia = Ladislavella syn.n. and Catascopia = Walterilymnaea syn.n.). Morpholog- ically, there are two distinct groups of species within Ladislavella: one includes species distributed in Northern Eurasia, and other contains species distributed in North America and the Asian part of the Beringia. The conchological and anatomical differences between these groups allow to consider them as two subgenera of Ladislavella: Ladislavella s.str. (type species Leptolimnaea terebra var. sorensis W. Dybowski, 1913 = Limnaea palustris var. terebra Westerlund, 1885), and Walterilymnaea (type species Limnaea catascopium Say, 1817). How to cite this article: Vinarski M.V. 2012. The Lymnaeid genus Catascopia Meier-Brook et Bargues, 2002 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae), its synonymy and species compo- sition // Invert. Zool. Vol.9. No.2. P.91104. KEY WORDS: molecular taxonomy, synonymy, Lymnaeidae, Catascopia, Ladislavella, Polyrhytis. Ðîä Catascopia Meier-Brook et Bargues, 2002 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae), åãî ñèíîíèìèÿ è âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ Ì.Â. Âèíàðñêèé Ìóçåé âîäíûõ ìîëëþñêîâ Ñèáèðè ïðè Îìñêîì ãîñóäàðñòâåííîì ïåäàãîãè÷åñêîì óíèâåðñèòåòå, íàá. Òóõà÷åâñêîãî 14, Îìñê, 644099, Ðîññèéñêàÿ Ôåäåðàöèÿ. e-mail: [email protected] 92 M.V. Vinarski ÐÅÇÞÌÅ: Ðîä Catascopia Meier-Brook et Bargues, 2002 ñ òèïîâûì âèäîì Limnaea catascopium Say, 1817 áûë óñòàíîâëåí íà îñíîâå èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ìîëåêóëÿðíûõ äàííûõ. Îí âêëþ÷àåò íå ìåíåå ÷åòûðåõ âèäîâ, ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûõ â Ãîëàðêòèêå. Îäíàêî ñóùåñòâóåò ïî ìåíüøåé ìåðå òðè ðîäîâûõ íàçâàíèÿ, ñòàðøèõ, ÷åì Catascopia, êîòîðûå ïðèãîäíû äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ êëàäû, âêëþ÷àþùåé L. catascopium. Ýòî Polyrhytis Meek, 1876, Ladislavella B. Dybowski, 1913 è Walterilymnaea Starobogatov et Budnikova, 1976. Ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî íàçâàíèå Ladislavella ñëåäóåò èñïîëüçîâàòü äëÿ ýòîé öåëè, òîãäà êàê áîëåå ñòàðîå íàçâàíèå Polyrhytis îñíîâàíî íà èñêîïàåìîì òèïîâîì âèäå, ïîýòîìó ìîëåêóëÿðíî-ôèëîãåíåòè÷åñêèå îòíîøåíèÿ åãî ñ äðóãèìè ðîäàìè ëèìíåèä íå ìîãóò áûòü óñòàíîâëåíû. Ïðåäëîæåíû äâå íîâûå ñèíîíèìèè: Catascopia = Ladislavella syn.n. è Catascopia = Walterilymnaea syn.n. Íà îñíîâå ìîðôîëîãèè â ñîñòàâå Ladi- slavella âûäåëÿþòñÿ äâå ãðóïïû âèäîâ: ïåðâàÿ âêëþ÷àåò âèäû, ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûå â ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè Åâðàçèè, âòîðàÿ ñîäåðæèò âèäû, ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûå â Ñåâåðíîé Àìåðèêå è àçèàòñêîé ÷àñòè Áåðèíãèè. Êîíõîëîãè÷åñêèå è àíàòîìè÷åñêèå ðàçëè÷èÿ ìåæäó íèìè ïîçâîëÿþò ðàññìàòðèâàòü èõ â êà÷åñòâå ïîäðîäîâ Ladislavella: Ladislavella s.str. (òèïîâîé âèä Leptolimnaea terebra var. sorensis W. Dybowski, 1913 = Limnaea palustris var. terebra Westerlund, 1885) è Walterilymnaea (òèïîâîé âèä Limnaea catascopium Say, 1817). êàê öèòèðîâàòü ýòó ñòàòüþ: Vinarski M.V. 2012. The Lymnaeid genus Catascopia Meir- Brook et Bargues, 2002 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae), its synonymy and species composition // Invert. Zool. Vol.9. No.2. P.91104. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: ìîëåêóëÿðíàÿ ñèñòåìàòèêà, ñèíîíèìèÿ, Lymnaeidae, Catascopia, Ladislavella, Polyrhytis. Introduction ally are of less significance as compared with the anatomical ones. Recent systems of the Many years taxonomists employed macro- family are based on anatomical data predomi- morphological traits as the only tool for delinea- nantly though shell characters also are of use tion of genera and subgenera within the family (Jackiewicz, 1998a; Kruglov, 2005). Lymnaeidae Rafinesque, 1815. Earlier workers A new way to arrange lymnaeid snails to used exclusively conchological characters for higher taxa has been opened since the late 1990s, this purpose (see, for example, Mörch, 1864; when new molecular techniques like DNA se- Clessin, 1884; Westerlund, 1885a), however it quencing and some others were introduced into is commonly accepted now that shell traits in molluskan systematics (Remigio, Blair, 1997a, lymnaeid snails are very variable and prone to b; Bargues, Mas-Coma, 1997; Rybska et al., modificating influence of different environmen- 2000; Remigio, 2002). Recently, a series of tal factors (Hubendick, 1951; Walter, 1969; papers by Bargues et al. (2001, 2003, 2006; Arthur, 1982). In some cases, strong similarity Bargues, Mas-Coma, 2005) has appeared, in of shell appearances between phylogenetically which several molecular phylogenetic trees of distant taxa may arise as a result of convergent Holarctic lymnaeids were presented. Though processes (Patterson, Burch, 1978; Kruglov, many species of this family are not yet se- Starobogatov, 1987). Some taxa, for instance, quenced, these trees are very helpful for testing genus Aenigmomphiscola Kruglov et Staroboga- of the earlier phylogenetic hypotheses based on tov, 1981, lack a conchological diagnosis (Kru- the macromorphological characters (Staroboga- glov, 2008). Thus, conchological data alone are tov, 1976; Kruglov, Starobogatov, 1981; Jack- not sufficient for taxonomic purposes and usu- iewicz, 1993, 1998a; Kruglov, 2005). Among The Lymnaeid genus Catascopia 93 the particular results of DNA sequencing stud- Meier-Brook et Bargues, 2002 with the type ies carried out by Bargues and her collabora- species Limnaea catascopium Say, 1817 (OD), tors, I would like to emphasize a striking case of for the sake of nomenclatorial formalization of polyphyly of the Holarctic lymnaeid (sub)genus the advanced stagnicolines. This taxonomic Stagnicola Leach in Jeffreys, 1831. By means decision became the first case of describing of a of the molecular techniques, Bargues et al. (2001, lymnaeid higher taxon on the basis of genetic 2003, 2006; see also Remigio, 2002) revealed data only. This genus has a strictly molecular that this diverse taxon consists of as many as diagnosis and can be distinguished from another three separate clades, which may be treated as stagnicoline taxa by extraordinarily short distinct monophyletic taxa of generic or subge- lengths of the rDNA ITS-2 sequences which neric rank. consist of 444449 base pairs (Meier-Brook, According to Bargues and her collaborators, Bargues, 2002: 83), whereas rDNA ITS-2 one of these clades includes the type species of lengths of all other European species of Stagni- Stagnicola, Buccinum palustre O.F. Müller, cola lie between 466 and 484 base pairs. 1774 (M)1, and several related species, Stagni- In my opinion, there are certain taxonomic cola turricula (Held, 1836), S. corvus (Gmelin, and nomenclatorial problems concerning the 1791), and S. fusca (Pfeiffer, 1821). Hence, it species composition and synonymy of Catasco- should retain the name Stagnicola s.str. The pia and their discussion is the main goal of this second clade includes a Nearctic taxon Hinkle- article. I will argue that there is an older avail- yia F.C. Baker, 1928 that previously was treated able name to designate advanced stagnicolines as a subgenus of Stagnicola (Burch, 1989), and in accordance with the International Code of the third one consists of four species: three Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN hereafter) Nearctic ones, S. catascopium (Say, 1817), S. rules. elodes (Say, 1821), S. emarginata (Say, 1821), and a single Palaearctic species, S. occulta (Jack- Material and methods iewicz, 1959). The latter was described from Poland and since 1959 has been recorded from The work is based on a critical analysis of different countries of Northern, Central and relevant literature sources and on results of my Eastern Europe as well as from Siberia (Hudec, own taxonomic work with Holarctic stagni- Brabenec, 1966; Stadnichenko, 1968; Jack- coline snails in rich malacological collections iewicz, 1992, 1993, 1997, 1998b; Jackiewicz, of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Acad- von Proschwitz, 1991; Korniushin, 1999). emy of Sciences (Russia, Saint-Petersburg), This third clade was earlier distinguished on Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dres- the ground of macromorphological data by den, Museum of Zoology (Germany, Dresden), Walter (1969), who did not confer any taxo- and the Museum of Siberian Aquatic Mollusks nomic rank for it but designated it informally as (Russia, Omsk State Pedagogical University). advanced stagnicolines distributed in North These collections house a large amount of lym- America. The clade is distinct from European naeid species from Eurasia and North America primitive stagnicolines grouping around S. and I had an opportunity to examine all species palustris. Thus, advanced stagnicolines have placed within Catascopia by Meier-Brook and mainly Holarctic distribution, whereas primi- Bargues
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