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The Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services 6 THE GLOBAL ASSESSMENT REPORT ON BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 6 875 CHAPTER 6. OPTIONS FOR DECISION MAKERS Chapter 6. OPTIONS FOR DECISION6 MAKERS 876 THE GLOBAL ASSESSMENT REPORT ON BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IPBES GLOBAL ASSESSMENT REPORT ON BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES CHAPTER 6. OPTIONS FOR DECISION MAKERS Copyright © 2019, Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3832107 Part of ISBN: 978-3-947851-20-1 COORDINATING LEAD AUTHORS: S. Kotiaho (Finland), William F. Laurance (Australia), Elodie Jona Razzaque (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Le Gal (United States of America), Jin Leshan (China), Northern Ireland), Ingrid Visseren-Hamakers (Netherlands/ Nengye Liu (Australia), Emanuele Lobina (United Kingdom United States of America) of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), Derk Loorbach (Netherlands), Martine Maron (Australia), Peter May (Brazil), LEAD AUTHORS: Timon McPhearson (United States of America), Marieke Ambika Prasad Gautam (Nepal), Leah Gerber (United States Meesters (Netherlands), E. Migoni Alejandre (Netherlands), of America), Mine Islar (Turkey, Sweden), Md Saiful Karim Daniel Miller (United States of America), Angus Morrison- (Bangladesh, Australia), Eszter Kelemen (Hungary), Saunders (Australia), Lila Nath Sharma (Norway), Barbara Jinlong Liu (China), Gabriel Lui (Brazil),Pamela McElwee Norman (Australia), Ingeborg Palm Helland (Norway), (United States of America), Abrar Mohammed (Ethiopia), Fabien Quétier (France), Jake Rice (Canada), Irene Ring Eric Mungatana (Kenya), Roldan Muradian (Netherlands), (Germany), Denis Ruysschaert (Belgium/France), Andrea Graciela M. Rusch (Argentina), Esther Turnhout Schapper (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern (Netherlands), Meryl Williams (Australia) Ireland), Ronald Steenblik (OECD), William J. Sutherland (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), FELLOWS: Jacqueline Tao (Singapore), James Watson (Australia), Ivis Chan (Belize), Alvaro Fernandez-Llamazares (Spain/ Dara Zaleski (United States of America) Finland), Michelle Lim (Malaysia/ISSC) CHAPTER SCIENTISTS: CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: Joachim Spangenberg (Germany), Dara Zaleski (United Saleem Ali (Australia), Susan Baker (Australia), Andrew States of America) Balmford (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), David N. Barton (Norway), Rupert Baumgartner REVIEW EDITORS: (Australia), Timothy Baynes (Australia), Abigail Bennett Julia Carabias (Mexico), Jan Plesník (Czech Republic) (United States of America), Brent Bleys (Belgium), P.M. van Bodegom (Netherlands), Sara Brogaard (Sweden), Mireille THIS CHAPTER SHOULD BE CITED AS: Chiroleu Assouline (France), Jennifer Clapp (Canada), Neil Razzaque J, Visseren-Hamakers IJ, McElwee P, Rusch GM, Craik (Canada), Maylis Desrousseaux (France), Rui Ferrero Kelemen E, Turnhout E, Williams M, Gautam AP, dos Santos (Portugal), Doris Fuchs (Germany), Toby Fernandez-Llamazares A, Chan I, Gerber L, Islar M, Gardner (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Karim S, Lim M, Liu J, Lui G, Mohammed A, Mungatana E, Ireland), Alexandros Gasparatos (Japan), Ariane Goetz Muradian R. (2019) Chapter 6.Options for Decision Makers. (Germany), Jeroen B. Guinée (Netherlands), David Hall In: Global assessment report of the Intergovernmental (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Duncan Halley (Norway), Michael Howard (Germany), Services. Brondízio, E. S., Settele, J., Díaz, S., Ngo, H. T. Caroline Howe (United Kingdom of Great Britain and (eds). IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany. Northern Ireland), Cynthia Isenhour (United States of 154 pages DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3832107 America), Tim Jackson (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), Katia Karousakis (OECD), John Knox PHOTO CREDIT: (United States of America), Berit Köhler (Norway), Janne P. 875-876: Joan de la Malla The designations employed and the presentation of material on the maps used in the present report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. These maps have been prepared for the sole purpose of facilitating the assessment of the broad biogeographical areas represented therein. 877 CHAPTER 6. OPTIONS FOR DECISION MAKERS Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................... 880 6.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 889 6.2 TOWARDS TRANSFORMATIVE GOVERNANCE ........................... 890 6.2.1 Integrative governance: ensuring policy coherence and effectiveness . 891 6.2.2 Informed governance: based on legitimate and credible knowledge . 892 6.2.3 Adaptive governance to enable learning . 893 6.2.4 Inclusive governance: ensuring equity and participation . 894 6.2.4.1 Value Systems ..................................................................895 6.2.4.2 Rights-based approaches ..........................................................895 6.2.4.3 Gender ........................................................................895 6.2.4.4 IPLCs and ILK ...................................................................896 6.3 TRANSFORMATIVE CHANGE IN AND ACROSS ISSUES, GOALS AND SECTORS ... 898 6.3.1 Introduction . 898 6.3.2 Integrated Approaches for Sustainable Landscapes . 898 6.3.2.1 Feeding the world without consuming the planet ........................................903 6.3.2.2 Sustainably managing multifunctional forests ...........................................909 6.3.2.3 Protecting nature within and outside of protected areas ...................................912 6.3.2.4 Expanding ecosystem restoration projects and policies ...................................917 6.3.2.5 Improving financing for conservation and sustainable development ..........................918 6.3.3 Integrated Approaches for Sustainable Marine and Coastal Governance . 919 6.3.3.1 Global Marine and Coastal .........................................................922 6.3.3.1.1 Implementing global marine environment agreements for shipping ..........................922 6.3.3.1.2 Mainstreaming climate change adaptation and mitigation into marine and coastal governance regimes ........................................................922 6.3.3.1.3 Mobilising conservation funding for the oceans ..........................................923 6.3.3.2 International waters: High Seas (ABNJ) and regional waters ................................924 6.3.3.2.1 Improving shared governance .......................................................924 6.3.3.2.2 Mainstreaming nature and its contributions to people .....................................926 6.3.3.2.3 Pathways to protect nature in the High Seas ...........................................926 6.3.3.3 Coastal Waters ..................................................................927 6.3.3.3.1 Promoting integrated management ..................................................927 6.3.3.3.2 Mainstreaming nature conservation in sectoral management, with an emphasis on fisheries . .928 6.3.3.3.3 Scaling up from sub-national project pilots ............................................930 6.3.3.3.4 Building ecological functionality into coastal infrastructure .................................930 6.3.3.3.5 Engaging NGOs, industry and scientists as stakeholders to achieve common ecological and social good outcomes .................................................930 6.3.4 Integrated Approaches for Sustainable Freshwater . 931 6.3.4.1 Improving water quality ...........................................................931 6.3.4.2 Managing water scarcity ..........................................................935 6.3.4.3 Engaging stakeholders ............................................................936 6.3.4.4 Use of economic instruments .......................................................937 6.3.4.5 Improving investment and financing ..................................................937 6.3.4.6 Promoting Integrated Water Resource Management .....................................938 6.3.4.7 Encouraging transboundary water management ........................................939 6.3.5 Integrated Approaches for Sustainable Cities . 939 6.3.5.1 Urban planning for sustainability .....................................................941 6.3.5.2 Nature-based solutions and green infrastructure .........................................942 6.3.5.3 Reducing the impacts of cities ......................................................943 6.3.5.4 Enhancing access to urban services for good quality of life ................................944 6.3.6 Integrated Approaches for Sustainable Energy and Infrastructure . .. 945 6.3.6.1 Development of sustainable biofuels strategies ..........................................947 6.3.6.2 Encouraging comprehensive environmental impact assessment (EIA) ........................948 878 THE GLOBAL ASSESSMENT REPORT ON BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 6.3.6.3 Ensuring compensation and innovative financing for environmental and social impacts ...........949 6.3.6.4 Ensuring access to energy for all by promoting community-led initiatives ......................950 6.3.6.5 Promoting inclusive governance in planning and implementation of energy and infrastructure projects
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