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Bacteria Associated with Tunicate, Polycarpa Aurata, from Lease Sea, Maluku, Indonesia Exhibiting Anti-Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 20, Number 4, April 2019 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 956-964 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200404 Bacteria associated with tunicate, Polycarpa aurata, from Lease Sea, Maluku, Indonesia exhibiting anti-multidrug resistant bacteria DIAH AYUNINGRUM1,5, RHESI KRISTIANA1, AYUNDA AINUN NISA2, SEPTHY KUSUMA RADJASA2, SAKTI IMAM MUCHLISSIN2,4, OCKY KARNA RADJASA2,3, AGUS SABDONO2, AGUS TRIANTO2, 1Department of Coastal Resource Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro. Jl. Prof. Soedharto SH, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia 2Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro. Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia. Tel.: +62-24-7474698, Fax.: +62-24-7474698, email: [email protected]. 3Directorate of Research and Community Services, Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education. D Building, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman Pintu Satu, Senayan, Jakarta Pusat 10279, Indonesia 4Tropical Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Universitas Diponegoro Jl. Lingkar Utara Undip, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia 1Department of Aquatic Resource Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro. Jl. Prof. Soedharto SH, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia Manuscript received: 30 January 2019. Revision accepted: 10 March 2019. Abstract. Ayuningrum D, Kristiana R, Nisa AA, Radjasa SK, Muchlissin SI, Radjasa OK, Sabdono A, Trianto A. 2019. Bacteria associated with tunicate, Polycarpa aurata, from Lease Sea, Maluku, Indonesia exhibiting anti-multidrug resistant bacteria. Biodiversitas 20: 956-964. Tunicate is a rich secondary metabolites producer with various biological activities whether as an original producer or produced by the associated microorganisms. In this study, a total of 11 tunicate specimens were identified as Polycarpa aurata with four color variations based on morphological characteristic and COI gene identification and BLAST analysis. -
Colonial Tunicates: Species Guide
SPECIES IN DEPTH Colonial Tunicates Colonial Tunicates Tunicates are small marine filter feeder animals that have an inhalant siphon, which takes in water, and an exhalant siphon that expels water once it has trapped food particles. Tunicates get their name from the tough, nonliving tunic formed from a cellulose-like material of carbohydrates and proteins that surrounds their bodies. Their other name, sea squirts, comes from the fact that many species will shoot LambertGretchen water out of their bodies when disturbed. Massively lobate colony of Didemnum sp. A growing on a rope in Sausalito, in San Francisco Bay. A colony of tunicates is comprised of many tiny sea squirts called zooids. These INVASIVE SEA SQUIRTS individuals are arranged in groups called systems, which form interconnected Star sea squirts (Botryllus schlosseri) are so named because colonies. Systems of these filter feeders the systems arrange themselves in a star. Zooids are shaped share a common area for expelling water like ovals or teardrops and then group together in small instead of having individual excurrent circles of about 20 individuals. This species occurs in a wide siphons. Individuals and systems are all variety of colors: orange, yellow, red, white, purple, grayish encased in a matrix that is often clear and green, or black. The larvae each have eight papillae, or fleshy full of blood vessels. All ascidian tunicates projections that help them attach to a substrate. have a tadpole-like larva that swims for Chain sea squirts (Botryloides violaceus) have elongated, less than a day before attaching itself to circular systems. Each system can have dozens of zooids. -
Grebmeier, Jacqueline M., Lee W.Cooper, and Michael J
Limnol. Oceanogr., 35(S), 1990, 1 182-1195 0 1990, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc. Oxygen isotopic composition of bottom seawater and tunicate cellulose used as indicators of water masses in the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas Abstract -Oxygen isotopic composition of rivers, evaporated surface ocean waters, bottom seawater and tunicate cellulose were used melting glaciers, and melting sea ice can be as short-term and long-term indicators, respec- tively, of water-mass characteristics in the north- separated and water types characterized (e.g. ern Bering and Chukchi Seas. Oxygen isotopic Epstein and Mayeda 1953; Tan and Strain composition of northeastern Bering Sea waters is 1980; Bedard et al. 198 1). In contrast to the influenced by Yukon River inflows of IsO-de- variability in the surface ocean, average 180 : pleted continental water mixing with relatively 180-enriched waters contributed by the Anadyr 160 ratios for the deep (> 500 m) sea vary Current. Tunicate cellulose sampled under Alas- by < 1%~ when expressed in the conven- ka coastal water is more depleted in IsO than that tional 6 notation: collected under Bering shelf and Anadyr waters, which reflects the oxygen isotopic composition 6180 = (Rstd/R,mple- 1) X 1030/oo (1) of these waters. Tunicate cellulose collected un- der the mixed Bering shelf water displays inter- where R = 180 : l 6O and std is Standard Mean mediate 6180 values. Oxygen isotopic analyses of Ocean Water (SMOW). The low variability bottom seawater were used to determine the spa- in V80 values of waters in the deep sea has tial location and influence of continental and led to widespread use of oxygen isotopes as coastal-derived precipitation and of sea-ice for- mation on water-mass structure on the continen- a paleothermometric indicator. -
Temperature and Salinity Sensitivity of the Invasive Ascidian Microcosmus Exasperatus Heller, 1878
Aquatic Invasions (2016) Volume 11, Issue 1: 33–43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2016.11.1.04 Open Access © 2016 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2016 REABIC Research Article Temperature and salinity sensitivity of the invasive ascidian Microcosmus exasperatus Heller, 1878 1 1,2 Lilach Raijman Nagar and Noa Shenkar * 1Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel 2The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and National Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 5 May 2015 / Accepted: 24 November 2015 / Published online: 30 December 2015 Handling editor: Vadim Panov Abstract Environmental factors, such as temperature and salinity, are known to influence distribution patterns and invasion success in ascidians. The solitary ascidian Microcosmus exasperatus Heller, 1878 has a wide global distribution and can be found in both tropical and sub-tropical waters. In the Mediterranean Sea, it is considered to be an invasive species introduced through the Suez Canal, with a restricted distribution in the eastern Mediterranean. Despite its global distribution, the environmental tolerances of this species are poorly known. We examined the effect of varying temperature and salinity on the survival of adult individuals of M. exasperatus in a laboratory setting to partially determine its environmental tolerance range. In addition, it’s global and local distribution as well as the seasonal abundance in ‘Akko Bay (northern Mediterranean coast of Israel) were examined. Field observations and laboratory experiments show that M. exasperatus is able to tolerate a temperature range of 12–30 ºC, and salinity of 37–45, but it survived poorly in salinity of 33–35 and temperatures > 32 ºC. -
Eudistoma (Ascidiacea: Polycitoridae) from Tropical Brazil
ZOOLOGIA 31 (2): 195–208, April, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702014000200011 Eudistoma (Ascidiacea: Polycitoridae) from tropical Brazil Livia de Moura Oliveira1, Gustavo Antunes Gamba1 & Rosana Moreira da Rocha1,2 1 Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil. 2 Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. We studied material in collections from coastal intertidal and subtidal tropical waters of the Brazilian states of Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Bahia, and Espírito Santo. We identified seven species of Eudistoma, of which two are new to science. Eudistoma alvearium sp. nov. colonies have fecal pellets around each zooid and zooids are 6-8 mm long with seven straight and parallel pyloric tubules; the larval trunk is 0.6 mm long with three adhesive papillae and ten ampullae. Eudistoma versicolor sp. nov. colonies are cushion-shaped, variable in color (blue, purple, brown, light green, gray or white) and zooids have six straight and parallel pyloric tubules; the larval trunk is 0.8 mm long with three adhesive papillae and six ampules. Three species – E. carolinense Van Name, 1945, E. recifense Millar, 1977, and E. vannamei Millar, 1977 – are known from northeastern Brazil. The identification of two additional species will require confirmation. We also propose a synonymy for E. carolinense with E. repens Millar, 1977, also previously described in Brazil. KEY WORDS. Atlantic; colonial ascidians; new species; taxonomy. Eudistoma Caullery, 1909 is the most species-rich genus and comment on the implications of species richness for the in Polycitoridae, with 124 valid species found in tropical and distribution of Eudistoma. -
Life-History Strategies of a Native Marine Invertebrate Increasingly Exposed to Urbanisation and Invasion
Temporal Currency: Life-history strategies of a native marine invertebrate increasingly exposed to urbanisation and invasion A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Zoology University of Canterbury New Zealand Jason Suwandy 2012 Contents List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................... vii Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ viii CHAPTER ONE - General Introduction .................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Marine urbanisation and invasion ................................................................................................ 2 1.2 Successful invasion and establishment of populations ................................................................ 4 1.3 Ascidians ....................................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Native ascidians as study organisms ............................................................................................ -
Halocynthia Roretzi
Sekigami et al. Zoological Letters (2017) 3:17 DOI 10.1186/s40851-017-0078-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Hox gene cluster of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, reveals multiple ancient steps of cluster disintegration during ascidian evolution Yuka Sekigami1, Takuya Kobayashi1, Ai Omi1, Koki Nishitsuji2, Tetsuro Ikuta1, Asao Fujiyama3, Noriyuki Satoh2 and Hidetoshi Saiga1* Abstract Background: Hox gene clusters with at least 13 paralog group (PG) members are common in vertebrate genomes and in that of amphioxus. Ascidians, which belong to the subphylum Tunicata (Urochordata), are phylogenetically positioned between vertebrates and amphioxus, and traditionally divided into two groups: the Pleurogona and the Enterogona. An enterogonan ascidian, Ciona intestinalis (Ci), possesses nine Hox genes localized on two chromosomes; thus, the Hox gene cluster is disintegrated. We investigated the Hox gene cluster of a pleurogonan ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi (Hr) to investigate whether Hox gene cluster disintegration is common among ascidians, and if so, how such disintegration occurred during ascidian or tunicate evolution. Results: Our phylogenetic analysis reveals that the Hr Hox gene complement comprises nine members, including one with a relatively divergent Hox homeodomain sequence. Eight of nine Hr Hox genes were orthologous to Ci-Hox1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 12 and 13. Following the phylogenetic classification into 13 PGs, we designated Hr Hox genes as Hox1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11/12/13.a, 11/12/13.b and HoxX. To address the chromosomal arrangement of the nine Hox genes, we performed two-color chromosomal fluorescent in situ hybridization, which revealed that the nine Hox genes are localized on a single chromosome in Hr, distinct from their arrangement in Ci. -
Oikopleura Dioica: a Plankton Predator That
Flexibility of gene arangement in the genome of Oikopleura dioica Charles Plessy and the Luscombe Laboratory (group authorship). Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Japan 904-0495 Oikopleura dioica in brief: - Japanese name: オタマボヤ Oikopleura dioica: a plankton predator that: - Oikopleura dioica is a globally distributed marine animal. It is evolutionarily closer to human than are lives in a house has a muscular tail, never sleeps and releases model organisms such as yeast, nematodes or fruit flies. As it belongs to the chordate phylum it has made with cellulose for flowing food to its mouth its gametes in only 5 days features common with vertebrate embryonic development, such as a dorsal nerve cord, or the formation of a muscular tail supported by a notochord. - Ecological importance: O. dioica is a small filter feeder that can account for up to 10 % of the total carbon mass in an area. It eats unicellular plankton and was reported to be able to ingest bacterial viruses and microplastics as well. Being an extremely efficient predator, it has an important role in the carbon chain, by producing organic matter (fecal pellet and "houses") that sediment to the sea floor. - Evolution: as it belongs to the tunicate phylum, it is among the invertebrates that are evolutionary closest to humans. Tunicates, like vertebrates are chordates: they have a muscular tail. They also have a brain, a heart, a gut, etc. - Compact genome: only 70 Mb. Nevertheless, it contains 18,020 predicted genes, which makes it an intersting model to study how to compactly encode functions homologous to some found in vertebrates. -
1471-2148-9-187.Pdf
BMC Evolutionary Biology BioMed Central Research article Open Access An updated 18S rRNA phylogeny of tunicates based on mixture and secondary structure models Georgia Tsagkogeorga1,2, Xavier Turon3, Russell R Hopcroft4, Marie- Ka Tilak1,2, Tamar Feldstein5, Noa Shenkar5,6, Yossi Loya5, Dorothée Huchon5, Emmanuel JP Douzery1,2 and Frédéric Delsuc*1,2 Address: 1Université Montpellier 2, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554), CC064, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, 2CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554), CC064, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, 3Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB, CSIC), Accés Cala S. Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes (Girona), Spain, 4Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, 5Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel and 6Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA Email: Georgia Tsagkogeorga - [email protected]; Xavier Turon - [email protected]; Russell R Hopcroft - [email protected]; Marie-Ka Tilak - [email protected]; Tamar Feldstein - [email protected]; Noa Shenkar - [email protected]; Yossi Loya - [email protected]; Dorothée Huchon - [email protected]; Emmanuel JP Douzery - [email protected]; Frédéric Delsuc* - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 5 August 2009 Received: 16 October 2008 Accepted: 5 August 2009 BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009, 9:187 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-187 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/9/187 © 2009 Tsagkogeorga et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. -
De Novo Draft Assembly of the Botrylloides Leachii Genome
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/152983; this version posted June 21, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 De novo draft assembly of the Botrylloides leachii genome 2 provides further insight into tunicate evolution. 3 4 Simon Blanchoud1#, Kim Rutherford2, Lisa Zondag1, Neil Gemmell2 and Megan J Wilson1* 5 6 1 Developmental Biology and Genomics Laboratory 7 2 8 Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 9 Dunedin 9054, New Zealand 10 # Current address: Department of Zoology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland 11 12 * Corresponding author: 13 Email: [email protected] 14 Ph. +64 3 4704695 15 Fax: +64 479 7254 16 17 Keywords: chordate, regeneration, Botrylloides leachii, ascidian, tunicate, genome, evolution 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/152983; this version posted June 21, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 18 Abstract (250 words) 19 Tunicates are marine invertebrates that compose the closest phylogenetic group to the 20 vertebrates. This chordate subphylum contains a particularly diverse range of reproductive 21 methods, regenerative abilities and life-history strategies. Consequently, tunicates provide an 22 extraordinary perspective into the emergence and diversity of chordate traits. Currently 23 published tunicate genomes include three Phlebobranchiae, one Thaliacean, one Larvacean 24 and one Stolidobranchian. To gain further insights into the evolution of the tunicate phylum, 25 we have sequenced the genome of the colonial Stolidobranchian Botrylloides leachii. -
Ascidiacea (Chordata: Tunicata) of Greece: an Updated Checklist
Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e9273 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e9273 Taxonomic Paper Ascidiacea (Chordata: Tunicata) of Greece: an updated checklist Chryssanthi Antoniadou‡, Vasilis Gerovasileiou§§, Nicolas Bailly ‡ Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece § Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece Corresponding author: Chryssanthi Antoniadou ([email protected]) Academic editor: Christos Arvanitidis Received: 18 May 2016 | Accepted: 17 Jul 2016 | Published: 01 Nov 2016 Citation: Antoniadou C, Gerovasileiou V, Bailly N (2016) Ascidiacea (Chordata: Tunicata) of Greece: an updated checklist. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e9273. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e9273 Abstract Background The checklist of the ascidian fauna (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) of Greece was compiled within the framework of the Greek Taxon Information System (GTIS), an application of the LifeWatchGreece Research Infrastructure (ESFRI) aiming to produce a complete checklist of species recorded from Greece. This checklist was constructed by updating an existing one with the inclusion of recently published records. All the reported species from Greek waters were taxonomically revised and cross-checked with the Ascidiacea World Database. New information The updated checklist of the class Ascidiacea of Greece comprises 75 species, classified in 33 genera, 12 families, and 3 orders. In total, 8 species have been added to the previous species list (4 Aplousobranchia, 2 Phlebobranchia, and 2 Stolidobranchia). Aplousobranchia was the most speciose order, followed by Stolidobranchia. Most species belonged to the families Didemnidae, Polyclinidae, Pyuridae, Ascidiidae, and Styelidae; these 4 families comprise 76% of the Greek ascidian species richness. The present effort revealed the limited taxonomic research effort devoted to the ascidian fauna of Greece, © Antoniadou C et al. -
Aquatic Invasive Species of the Pacific Northwest Didemnum Vexillum
Aquatic Invasive Species of the Pacific Northwest Didemnum vexillum Colonial tunicate; ascidian; sea squirt Dejah L. Sanchez Aquatic Invasion Ecology: Julian Olden Autumn 2014 Figure 1. Didemnum vexillum growing on mussels in New Zealand, the originating location as described by P. Kott in 2002. (Photo US Geological Survey). Classification Order: Aplousobranchia Family: Didemnidae Genus: Didemnum Species: vexillum Identification Key Per the Kott 2002 description, the colony color is yellowish cream with a range of thin to thick shaped colonies. These extensive colonies can be either encrusting or lobed and have spicule-free dark bands between zooid groups. The Figure 3. Encrusting colony seen in spicule density is sparse and mostly limited Massachusetts. (Photo US Geological Survey). to the surface. Spicule shape stellate, with The zooids are about 1mm overall, the 9-11 conical rays in the optical transverse abdomen about twice the size of the section, and can be up to 58 μm (averaging contracted thorax. The branchial syphon is 30 μm per photo). Hypo abdominal lacunae short with six small pointed projections are absent. May be confused with encrusting around the rim of the aperture. A large sponges at times. spherical clump of crowded spicules from the lateral organ projects from the test each side of the posterior end of the large sessile atrial aperture, which exposes most of the branchial sac directly to the common cloacal cavity. Eight or nine stigmata are in the anterior row of the branchial sac. A short retractor muscle projects from halfway down the moderately long oesophageal neck (about the same length as the thorax).