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Comparativa De Software GNU/Linux (Sistemas Operativos Y Aplicaciones) Para La Configuración Del Ambiente Técnico Pedagógico (ATP)

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Comparativa De Software GNU/Linux (Sistemas Operativos Y Aplicaciones) Para La Configuración Del Ambiente Técnico Pedagógico (ATP) Comparativa de Software GNU/Linux (Sistemas Operativos y Aplicaciones) para la Configuración del Ambiente Técnico Pedagógico (ATP) Julio 2016 GNU/LINUX KERNEL (NÚCLEO) GNU es un sistema operativo de tipo Unix, lo cual significa que se trata de una colección de muchos programas: aplicaciones, bibliotecas, herramientas de desarrollo y hasta juegos. GNU es software libre, es decir, respeta la Es el programa que asigna libertad de los usuarios. El desarrollo de GNU ha permitido que se pueda los recursos de la máquina y utilizar un ordenador sin software que atropelle nuestra libertad. se comunica con el hardware El desarrollo de GNU, iniciado en enero de 1984, se conoce como Proyecto GNU. Muchos de los programas de GNU se publican bajo el auspicio del Proyecto GNU y los llamamos paquetes de GNU. ESCRITORIOS El nombre «GNU» es un acrónimo recursivo de «GNU No es Unix». «GNU» se pronuncia en inglés como una sílaba sin vocal entre la g y la n. En español se puede pronunciar de la misma manera, o bien reemplazando gn por una ñ, como en ñu. También es aceptable en español la pronunciación de cada una El escritorio es el entorno de las letras por separado: G-N-U (ge-ene-u). gráfico que se encarga de interactuar entre el kernel GNU se usa generalmente con un núcleo llamado «Linux». Esta combinación de Linux y los programas. es el sistema operativo GNU/Linux. Millones de personas usan GNU/Linux, aunque muchos lo llaman erróneamente «Linux». (Tomado de https://www.gnu.org/home.es.html#More-GNU) ENTORNOS GRÁFICOS Unity. Gnome. KDE Kfce Para más información acerca del Proyecto GNU acceder a Cinnamon https://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html MATE 2 Comparativa de Software para la configuración del Ambiente Técnico Pedagógico (ATP) UBUNTU 16.04 LTS UBUNTU XENIAL XERIUS Concepto africano que Sistema operativo basado en GNU/Linux enfocado en la facilidad de uso e significa “humanidad hacia instalación, la libertada de los usuarios y los lanzamientos regulares nosotros” o “yo soy porque nosotros somos”. Además, el proyecto está patrocinado por Canonical Ltd, una compañía creada por Mark Shuttleworth. Canonical tiene en nómina a los principales desarrolladores de Ubuntu y ofrece soporte profesional y servicios de consultoría para Ubuntu. VERSIONES Y SOPORTE (Tomado de http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=ubuntu) ALTERNATIVAS Las versiones se publican cada 6 meses (Abril y Ubuntu 16.04 Desktop LTS (64 bit) 1.4 GB Octubre) con soporte Ubuntu 16.04 Desktop LTS (32 bit) 1.4 GB durante 18 meses. Cada 2 Ubuntu 16.04 Server LTS (64 bit) 655 MB años se publica una versión Ubuntu 16.04 Server LTS (32 bit) 647 MB especial -LTS- con soporte Ubuntu Kylin 16.04 LTS (64 bit) 1.4 GB (Para China) extendido de 3 años para Ubuntu Kylin 16.04 LTS (32 bit) 1.5 GB (Para China) sistemas de escritorio y 5 años para servidores Ubuntu Cloud (http://www.ubuntu.com/download/cloud) Ubuntu Core Para más distribuciones basadas en Ubuntu 16.04 LTS accesar a http://www.ubuntu.com/download/ubuntu-flavours REQUISITOS MÍNIMOS DEL SISTEMA: Procesador de doble núcleo a 2 GHz o mejor. 2 GB de RAM (memoria del sistema). 25 GB de espacio libre en disco duro. Una unidad de DVD o un puerto USB para los medios de instalación. Acceso a Internet es muy útil (para instalar actualizaciones durante el proceso de instalación). Web: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop 3 Comparativa de Software para la configuración del Ambiente Técnico Pedagógico (ATP) UBUNTU GNOME 16.04 LTS DISTRIBUCIONES XENIAL XERUS Una distribución es una Una distribución oficial de Ubuntu, que ofrece el entorno de escritorio recopilación de programas y GNOME. Tiene la intención de ser una experiencia mayormente pura en ficheros, organizados y dicho escritorio construyéndola desde los repositorios de Ubuntu. El soporte preparados para su es de 3 años. instalación. También conocidos como distros. (Tomado de http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=ubuntugnome) ALTERNATIVAS REPOSITORIOS Ubuntu Gnome 16.04 Desktop LTS (64 bit) 1.2 GB Ubuntu Gnome 16.04 Desktop LTS (32 bit) 1.2 GB Un repositorio es un servicio en línea por el cual el REQUERIMIENTOS MÍNIMOS DEL SISTEMA software es almacenado y disponible para que el Procesador de 1 GHz (por ejemplo, Intel Celeron) o mejor. sistema operativo pueda 1,5 GB de RAM (memoria del sistema). instalar y actualizar su 7 GB de espacio en el disco duro para la instalación. software. La mayor parte de Una unidad de CD / DVD o un puerto USB para los medios de los sistemas operativos instalación. basados en GNU/Linux usan Acceso a Internet es muy útil (para instalar actualizaciones durante el repositorios y se conectan proceso de instalación). con ellos mediante HTTP o FTP . COMENTARIOS Instalar las actualizaciones del sistema desde el Software de Gnome (Centro de Software) antes de instalar los programas. Durante las pruebas de instalación la descarga era lenta aún con conexión de 12 MB, realizada las actualizaciones la velocidad de descarga de las aplicaciones a instalar mejoró. Si usted tiene una máquina antigua, se podría considerar otras alternativas como Lubuntu o Xubuntu. Web: https://ubuntugnome.org/download/ 4 Comparativa de Software para la configuración del Ambiente Técnico Pedagógico (ATP) LINUX MINT 18 SOFTWARE LIBRE SARAH Linux Mint es una distribución basada en Ubuntu cuya meta es proveer una Es el software que respeta la experiencia más completa lista para usarse mediante la inclusión de libertad de los usuarios y la complementos del navegador, códecs multimedia, soporte de reproducción de comunidad. A grandes DVD, Java y otros componentes. También agrega un escritorio y menús a la rasgos, significa que los medida, varias herramientas de configuración únicas y una interface de instalación de paquetes basada en red. Linux Mint es compatible con los usuarios tienen la libertad repositorios de programas de Ubuntu. de ejecutar, copiar, distribuir, estudiar, (Tomado de http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=mint) modificar y mejorar el software. ALTERNATIVAS Linux Mint 18 Desktop Cinnamon (64 bit) 1.6 GB Linux Mint 18 Desktop Cinnamon (32 bit) 1.5 GB LIBERTADES ESENCIALES Linux Mint 18 Desktop MATE (64 bit) 1.7 GB Linux Mint 18 Desktop MATE (32 bit) 1.5 GB La libertad de usar el programa, con cualquier propósito. La libertad de estudiar REQUERIMIENTOS MÍNIMOS DEL SISTEMA cómo funciona el programa y modificarlo, adaptándolo a cada 2 GB de RAM (memoria del sistema) necesidad. 9 GB de espacio libre en disco duro para la instalación (20 GB La libertad de distribuir recomendado). copias del programa, con Tarjeta gráfica con resolución mínima de 800×600 (1024×768 lo cual se puede ayudar recomendada). al prójimo. Unidad de DVD o puerto USB para los medios de instalación. La libertad de mejorar el programa y compartir esas mejoras con los demás, de modo que toda la comunidad se beneficie. Web: https://www.linuxmint.com/ 5 Comparativa de Software para la configuración del Ambiente Técnico Pedagógico (ATP) ZORIN OS 9 LTS OPEN SOURCE Zorin OS es una distribución de Linux basada en Ubuntu diseñada especialmente para el recién llegado a Linux. Tiene una interface de usuario Es el software desarrollado y gráfica semejante a la de Windows y muchos programas similares a los distribuido libremente encontrados en él. Zorin OS también viene con una aplicación (Wine) que deja a los usuarios ejecutar muchos programas de Windows. La meta final de la distribución es proveer una alternativa Linux a Windows y dejar a los usuarios de Windows gozar de todas las características de Linux sin PRINCIPIOS BÁSICOS 5 DE complicaciones. 10 (Tomado de http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=zorin) El software debe ser libre ALTERNATIVAS de redistribuir. El programa debe incluir Zorin OS 9 Core (64 bit) 1.4 GB el código fuente. La licencia debe permitir Zorin OS 9 Core (32 bit) 1.3 GB a la gente a Zorin OS 9 Lite (32 bit) 947 MB experimentar con las Zorin OS 9 Educational (64 bit) 2.1 GB modificaciones y Zorin OS 9 Educational (32 bit) 2.0 GB redistribuir. Los usuarios tienen Zorin OS 9 Educational Lite (32 bit) 1.6 GB derecho a saber quién es Zorin OS 9 Business (64 bit) (De paga) responsable por el Zorin OS 9 Business (32 bit) (De paga) software que está Zorin OS 9 Ultimate (64 bit) (De paga) utilizando. No debe haber ninguna Zorin OS 9 Ultimare (32 bit) (De paga) discriminación contra cualquier persona o grupo. REQUERIMIENTOS MÍNIMOS DEL SISTEMA Un procesador de 1Ghz x86 o x86-64, 512MB de memoria RAM (memoria del sistema) 5 GB de espacio libre en disco duro Tarjeta gráfica con resolución mínima de 640×480 px Web: http://zorinos.com/download9.html 6 Comparativa de Software para la configuración del Ambiente Técnico Pedagógico (ATP) ARCHLINUX 2016.07.01 PRINCIPIOS BÁSICOS 10 DE 10 Arch Linux es una distribución de Línux desarrollada de forma independiente y optimizada para procesadores i686- y x86_64 dirigida a usuarios de Línux La licencia no debe competentes. No tiene un planeamiento de lanzamientos, usa "pacman", su restringir a nadie que gestor de paquetes desarrollado por ellos mismos para proveer de haga uso del programa actualizaciones a las aplicaciones más nuevas con completo rastreo de en un campo específico. dependencias. La instalación por consola provee de una base sólida que Nadie debería tener que adquirir una licencia habilita a los usuarios para crear una instalación personalizada. adicional para usar o Adicionalmente, el Sistema de Construcción de Arch (Arch Build System, redistribuir el programa. ABS) provee de una manera para crear fácilmente nuevos paquetes, modificar La licencia no debe ser la configuración de paquetes de serie y compartir estos paquetes con otros específica de un usuarios vía el repositorio de usuarios de Arch Linux.
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