Posted on Authorea 4 Jan 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160977415.51030001/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. Sharzana Noman Al Abdullah Asia South in schemes Intervention Treatment and Diagnosis, the features, of Epidemiological variations, Review Comprehensive Genomic A pandemic: COVID-19 The ste‘eodWv fCVD1’i prahn,i a eoeamte fugnyt prieteeitn oiisand policies existing disease. the the appraise of to ramifications urgency the mitigate of can matter trial. that Asian a clinical schemes South become II effective two phase implement has hence the and it and succeeded ascertain approaching, them disease to of evolving is order one rapidly COVID-19’ in and this development of strategies vaccine Wave for of to solution ‘Second race utilized ideal the the being timely the joined As are and has be treatments efficiency India can and mitigate higher and vaccine medicines with can Bangladesh a existing methods country- tracing Currently, available, screening and is alternate patients. testing option of the timely development treatment S the treat only recognized and to unanimously yet, ORF3a way no developed ORF1a, the Since hasn’t ORF1ab, led which strategy results. the Asian disease treatment of in South the variations effective 20% in from as than no infected loss such more As mostly the countries of are seen. the comprises populations largely in and younger were observed COVID-19 and genes were to males variations susceptible that genomic also showed habitation Similar is analysis The region Demographic countries. lives. SAARC million cases. the 1.1 infected unprecedented than population- total more This world’s taken the the and life. of individuals regular million 21% and 43 over Respira- economy than Acute of more health, Severe infected world’s virus already infectious the has highly aggravating outbreak emerging respiratory is newly (SARS-CoV-2) a Coronavirus-2 by Syndrome caused COVID-19 tory pandemic disease respiratory ongoing The Abstract 2021 4, January 7 6 5 Bangladesh Jashore-7408, Technology, University, Khulna School, 4 Technology, Science and Bangladesh Life Science Khulna-9208, Discipline, of Pharmacy University Bangladesh. Jashore Technology, Jashore-7408, and Science Biological of Technology and Science Bhashani 3 Mawlana Bangladesh Science, Tangail-1902, University, Life of Faculty Biology, Molecular of University Bangladesh Jashore Technology, 2 Jashore-7408, Technology, and and Science Science Biological of Faculty Biotechnology, & 1 Mahedi Al Abdullah xctv ietr ulcHat onain Bangladesh. Bangladesh Foundation, Chattogram, Health Technology, Public Medical Director, of B) Executive Institute (ICCDR, Chittagong Bangladesh Medicine, Research, of Disease Faculty Diarrhoeal and for Science Centre International of University Jashore Technology, Food and Nutrition of Department Faculty Pharmacy, of Department Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Academy BioScience and Biochemistry of Department Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh, Academy BioScience Engineering Genetic of Department Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh, Academy BioScience 1 d hfiu Islam Shofiqul Md. , 1 6 antlEt Ekra Efte Jannatul , n afiu Joarder Taufique and , 1 aio Sana Samiron , 2 iaIlmMeem Islam Rima , 7 1 3 izMahmud Niaz , 1 4 d ua Islam Sujan Md. , d ano Kabir Masnoon Md. , 2 Fariha , 5 , Posted on Authorea 4 Jan 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160977415.51030001/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. nivsiaino eoe f14SR-o- iu tan rmBnlds hwdta 3 mutations 634 that showed 15 Bangladesh of from yet. as strains sequencing virus (1) genome SARS-CoV-2 Nepal any 184 and reported of (4) genomes not Lanka have on investigation Maldives Sri the An among and (11), Among (570) Bhutan Pakistan genome Afghanistan, mechanism. (231), SARS-CoV-2 defense [13]. Bangladesh the 2020 host of by the October number followed invade maximum countries, high to the have Asian sequenced mutations viruses South has develop RNA RNA India to distributions. As all countries, likely like Asian mutant infections. is South that long-standing virus potential cause suggests this and can virus rates, variants this frequency mutation fewer variants, of mutation identified variation the indistinguishable genetic Among of contains data SARS-CoV-2 documented viruses, accessible on based Analysis variations Genomic Text Main aims review countries. This country and Asian treatment second-most-infected [12]. South and the deaths the approaches, in related being diagnostic COVID-19 COVID-19 Nepal, characteristics, ramifications of 119,014 epidemiological to Maldives, tactics severe variations, and prevention Iran, up genome patients its India, deaths the infected facing Bhutan, outline 133,969 million is to Bangladesh, 7.9 and India than Afghanistan, cases also more of infected have Lanka. with consists countries 8,856,017 Sri Asian Asia with and South affected announced South disease The has Pakistan, most WHO infectious 2020. [11]. the 2020, concern highly October is January international 30 this 26 USA of On by The emergency 2020. devastated health October [10]. total public been the 26 2020 a of to 20% as October up than time, disease more deaths 26 constituting the same 231,486 till cases had the COVID-19 critical confirmed and At million were patients 8.9 and infected 2.66%. 1%) than treatment more of than taking with date rate 43,837,698 were (less to patients around fatality country 79,053 2020, 10,482,895 a only October Around with them, 26 COVID-19. reported of of from As been recovered have have countries race. patients deaths or 216 32,188,661 gender 1,166,142 affecting showed age, and is analysis of COVID-19 cases regardless Phylogenetic SARS-CoV. confirmed world to bat-SL-CoVZC45 the 9]. similar around coronaviruses, [8, less territories SARS-like respectively relatively livesand bat-derived were East, human two but endangered Middle to bat-SL-CoVZXC21, previously the connected and have intimately and that was China human strains and SARS-CoV-2 in identified other that 229E, epidemics already an two NL63, two is the the and causing HKU1, are of coronaviridae by MERS-CoV seventh coronaviruses of and the disease-causing family SARS-CoV is syndrome the It to OC43. respiratory belongs mild [8]. virus Organization including virus The Health coronaviruses World RNA 7]. the positive-sense [6, and Syndrome The ‘COVID-19’ single-stranded, SARS-CoV Respiratory as enveloped, [5]. with Acute disease coronavirus similarity Severe the novel its was as termed a of it it (WHO) as of Later, because named (CDC) cluster (SARS-CoV-2) (ICTV) [4]. Prevention 2 Viruses a China and Coronavirus of 2019, in Control Taxonomy province December Disease on by Hubei 31 for 96% Committee transmitted of Center On International city and also Chinese of Wuhan [3]. the were virus in reservoir respectively by identified natural MERS this camels, was identified potent and etiology dromedary of most unrevealed SARS and host the of civets epidemics- as pneumonia the palm shares coronavirus regarded only from be previous are it animals; to Two animals whereas of wild Wild considered SARS-like-CoV outbreak family. bat 4]. were unprecedented coronavirus a [3, an Bats the and SARS-CoV is SARS-CoV-2 with between which 2]. similarity found pandemic, 79.6% [1, was a homology China as sequence in declared gene originated been that has SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia of emergence The Background Interventions. contrivances; Treatments system; Keywords: OI-9i ot sa eoi aitos pdmooia hrceitc;Diagnostic Characteristics; Epidemiological variations; Genomic Asia; South in COVID-19 2 Posted on Authorea 4 Jan 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160977415.51030001/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. netdwien n id rudtesm ie ,2,5 9% ainso h ot sa ain have nations Asian South the were of patients individuals (90%) 342 [12]. patients; 7,923,759 India disease infected time, and Pakistan the of same (2.05%) number of the Bangladesh, lowest Around cured Pakistan the by by been died. had followed followed Bhutan one no (3.70%), 1). India, while 2 (Table rate 90% infected October from in mortality 26 Almost was are of highest Pakistan country. as region the deaths, (1.50%) infected had Asian COVID-19 most Afghanistan of South the terms Bangladesh. the be In to in Afghanistan. continues individuals and India infected countries, the Asian of South affected whole-genome the Lankan Among Sri [22]. four found unaltered of were were protein variants genes Characteristics N acid the Epidemiological and Amino in acids gene, respectively. amino M positions, the gene, nt have showed of ORF3a sequences 4 rest isolates protein, three the and first other S while positions, the The strains, protein, nt of genome. ORF1ab 5 with sequence reference the positions, clustered genome the in nt were to the 6 strains compared that in the positions revealed (nt) differed that analysis nucleotides showed SNP 6 Lanka the in Sri at variation Europe. from alterations mostly isolates showed from SARS-CoV-2 proteins strains and four ORF1a genome of GH & whole analysis one N 4 Genome in in of genes observed N Mutations analysis [21]. and was level another ORF1a translation. acid gene, L3606F In ORF1ab and amino variant in replication [20]. alterations Orf1ab causing functional transitions Additionally, two with including evolutionary India, identified were further clade. were two Arabia, variants clade, indicates I 31 Saudi L which sequences, was from were D614G, strain three glycoprotein strains strain others, S L with Among in one one mutations P4715L. clustered and with polymerase are clade RNA clade, GH which dependent were S RNA strains five and strains, clade Q57H, eight I the gene circulating Of Ns3 and strains China. SARS-CoV-2 L sequence and that S, Australia revealed reference USA, GH, isolates the Pakistani were eight on Pakistan of based in sequencing genome identified identical partial also and 99.99% Full were than mutations more five was NC Besides, rare it and a EPI that (MN988668 sequences. and revealed genomes nomenclature additional SARS-CoV-2 isolates clade seven sequenced Nepalese Nextstrain previously into [18]. from new two India divided the strain to in were with genome occurrence genomes along low SARS-CoV-2 analyzed a The from has 20B the strains which and All identified SARS-CoV-2 20A was Indian transmission. 19B, 19B of local 19A, clade origin by clades the followed major (24351C 7 showed Asia four SARS-CoV-2 and (A930V analysis South-East Indian regions glycoprotein another the and spike coding Additionally, that Europe six the found [17]. study in in comparative strains present mutation One single were further distinctive mutation 64 [16]. SNPs a Besides, 3’-UTR unique 57 showed and respectively. 3384 them, strain 5’-UTR insertions, found in Of and present deletions genomes were found. substitutions, SARS-CoV-2 SNPs were were (SNP) Indian 2 acid and polymorphisms complete amino 2449 nucleotide of almost 933, alterations which or unique of complete points prevalent 7 566 was most genomes of was SARS-CoV-2 clade Analysis these GR in and [15]. finding Europe proteins significant various from 1602 A types. from originated which various unique were of region. virus 352 analysis observed nine this and the were Another deletions, Moreover, in mutations that and [14]. 2602 insertions implicated proteins that were nsp11. analysis papain-like showed 36 spike and synonymous, country Phylogenetic the the were 22 the nsp10, 612 in of of in mutations, strains nsp9, areas missense positions acid different were global nsp7, different from the amino in genomes 48 with 207 of detected comparison at of (non-synonymous) in was prevalent observed substitutions mutation were were no 274 substitutions mutations and acid in (nsp3) Amino resulting protease genome entire proteins. the unrelated in located were ISL 089[19]. 405839 3 nd oiinatrIdaadfloe by followed and India after position 452 rmWhn hn with China Wuhan, from 045512) > ) hc a betin absent was which T)) Posted on Authorea 4 Jan 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160977415.51030001/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. hnfmlsa eae r eeial n muooial oerssatt ASCV2ifcin[30] social infection spaces, SARS-CoV-2 public to in SARS-CoV-2 resistant masks to more face susceptible immunologically of more and use are genetically [23–29] the males are predictable 2) as easily distribution, (Figure females such is as gender interventions it females rate, Regarding the higher than avert a quarantining. to at affected and likely being more distancing indicated people are young not for they are evidence that scientific cases no unspecified is Pakistan-(6%)] there and and Though Bhutan (14.5%) for Maldives available (5%), not Afghanistan was in data [Demographics [1] where [23–29]. Lanka 1) Sri (Figure in years and 41-50 vulnerable South between most in aged the years cases are are 21-30 patients years between infected demographic the 31-40 aged COVID-19 Existing adults between of of young aged majority data. are distribution people the SARS-CoV-2 demographic age where with the Pakistan the infected in databases for patients, in complete the except information variations the of of maintain are Most lack to there countries. difficult a Asian that is is shows it there population, analysis large Hence, data a of individual. infection every and of spread rapid the to Due iue1: Figure r ak ,7 501 3,803 111,670 307 311,075 10,524 7,137,228 0.19 0.53 315,023 2.05 34,129 0 0.32 15 1.50 847 6,739 37 0 1.45 119,014 3.70 7,872 158,089 328,602 5,803 Lanka 1,514 Sri 7,909,959 11,505 Pakistan recovered Total Nepal 342 (%) rate Mortality Maldives deaths India Total 398,815 Bhutan case confirmed Total 40,833 Bangladesh Afghanistan Country al1 aedsrbto fCVD1 nSuhAincountries Asian South in COVID-19 of distribution Case Table1: [1]. countries Asian South in patients infected COVID-19 of distribution Age . 4 Posted on Authorea 4 Jan 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160977415.51030001/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. mlfiaints CNA)lb 4] nAgaitn hr r ny1 OI-9dsgae as while Acid labs, Nucleic designated COVID-19 Cartridge-Based 14 128 only and are labs SARS-CoV-2 there 2134 test Afghanistan, with TrueNat In facilities 851 [43]. testing labs, labs produce of (CBNAAT) PCR number may test rRT highest Amplification and 1115 the including time has labs India long countries, detection relatively Asian detect a South to the take RNA method [40–42]. Among accurate can SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 and prevalent including which of most coronaviruses cases detection the of currently WHO some the types is to in assay all Though rRT-PCR uploaded sensitive still been [39], [38]. less have results COVID-19 and false-negative protocols of specific based regarded rRT-PCR testing highly been various laboratory is has and swabs for nasopharyngeal method guidance of testing rRT-PCR technical and standard’ (rRT-PCR) ‘gold The Reaction the neutralization (ELISA), Chain as [37]. Assay Polymerase immunoassay Immunosorbent categorized Enzyme-Linked chemiluminescent mainly Real-Time test, and are diagnostic which assay transcriptase rapid people reverse as in such virus as tests fatal such this serological of tests presence the molecular find to into used vaccines being reliable are following no methods by as Different it concern overcome prime gotten to have yet. trying measures as is diagnostic available country these, are every Among pandemic, action. COVID-19 of ongoing courses several this of discovery the Since necessary take to reported Approaches are Diagnostics and awareness of smoking, responsibly case example, more the For act in [36]. Moreover, this. females men 35]. behind COVID-19, than [34, reasons the measures men the precautionary of in prevalent be practices more to immune hygiene are adaptive deemed [33]. consumption and as are diseases alcohol well the factors and infectious as that use against cultural innate, immunity tobacco is and the stronger reason social of immunologically elements. Another modulation much other regulatory have the Several 32]. and women in [31, involved genes hence, testes directly and immune-related are responses male of elements amount than and elevated ACE-2 genes significantly RNA- of These a females single-cell levels than a possesses receptor lower using chromosome 2 much ACE-2 ACE X human have of expression of ovaries elevated pattern have female and males and Asian level and that expression receptors revealed the as has of both (RNA-seq) (ACE-2) sequencing Analysis 2 infection. enzymes of angiotensin-converting utilizes route SARS-CoV-2 the that found been has It [Dmgahc aawsntaalbefrBhutan] for available not was data Demographics [ [2] iue2: Figure [2]. countries Asian Soth in patients infected COVID-19 of distribution Sex 5 Posted on Authorea 4 Jan 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160977415.51030001/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. r ak R-C ape aohrnelsa,oohrnelsa,suu.[67] [66] [65] [58] [57] [52] sputum. swab, oropharyngeal swab, Nasopharyngeal Sample: accuracy. 95% Reliability: minutes. within Result: Blood Sample: specificity. 99.5% sensitivity, 50% Reliability: Blood. Sample: Pakistan and [68]. mins. (13051/1000000) 30 the 3) Lanka number within population, target Sri (Fig. Result: million the 2020 (11567/1000000), per swab. reaching September Bangladesh tests Nasal from 26 2814 by of far Sample: only followed as are conducting (15416/1000000) Asia, countries is Asian Afghanistan South South in case. the confirmed lowest every of test most to testing, required COVID-19 of terms In sensitivity. rRT-PCR 90% Test Reliability: Digital mins Rapid 30 test Result: Diagnostic Blood Rapid Sample: Lanka swab. Sri nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Pakistan Sample: mins. 45 within Nepal Result: Saliva. Sample: Test Antigen Rapid Synopsis Test Diagnostic Rapid India Test Covid-19 Bhutan GeneXpert rRT-PCR Bangladesh Sri in 17 Method and Screening Pakistan Afghanistan in 146 countries. name Asian Nepal, Country South in the 76 in Maldives, used and the approved in methods 9 diagnostic Bhutan, different lists in 2 6 Table Bangladesh, [44–51]. in Lanka 109 are there advsGnXetTs ape wbsml.Rsl:Wti 5mn.[62] mins. 45 Within Result: sample. Swab Sample: Test GeneXpert Maldives al-:CVD1 igotcmtosi ot sa countries. Asian South in methods diagnostic COVID-19 Table-2: rea ape aa wb rlsa.Rsl:wti 0mn.[58] [52] [52] [58] [61] accuracy. 90% Reliability: swab. oropharyngeal swab, Nasopharyngeal Sample: sputum. swab, nasopharyngeal [59] and oropharyngeal Combined Sample: mins. 60 within Result: mins swab. 60 oral within swab, Result: Nasal Sample: specificity. hours 97.9% sensitivity, 3-8 92.37% within Reliability: Result: plasma. sputum. or swab, serum throat specificity and Blood 98% oral sensitivity, Sample: Nasal, 96% Sample: Reliability: 20-30mins. mins. within 45 Result: within Blood. Result: Sample: swab. throat or Nasal Sample: (N-CovKit) rRT-PCR rRT-PCR test antibody based ELISA CBNAAT TrueNat Test Antibody Rapid Test Feluda-CRISPR PCR rRT- nioyTs eiblt:10 estvt,9%seict.[64] [63] [56] [55] swab. throat or swab Nasal Sample: specificity. 99% sensitivity, 100% Reliability: swab) throat and (nasal sample respiratory Upper accuracy. Sample: 90% Reliability: mins. 15 within Result: Blood Sample: specificity. 98.5% sensitivity, 97% Reliability: rRT-PCR Card) Test Ag Antibody COVID-19 (BinaxNOW Test Antigen Rapid rRT-PCR Blot Dot Rapid R-C ape aohrnelsa,oohrnelsa,nslsa,tra wb ptm eut ihn2 4 or.[53] hours. -48 24 within Result: sputum. swab, throat swab, nasal swab, oropharyngeal swab, Nasopharyngeal Sample: rRT-PCR 6 [60] [58] [52] [54] References Posted on Authorea 4 Jan 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160977415.51030001/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ztrmcnfrsvr ainsi ni 7] h eta oenethsatoie w niia drugs antiviral two authorized has government central The [78]. and Hydroxychloroquine India methods. of treatment in combination effective patients a for whereas severe looking cases and for phase mild Azithromycin critical for a recommended facing [77]. being is weight usage is countries, affected Hydroxychloroquine case molecular most by low the case of as one for such India, included therapies Hydrox- are Additional with antibacterial timely treated Guideline, and are [76]. conducting Management symptoms steroids Lopinavir/Ritonavir Clinical other heparin, for without and National pneumonia facil- WHO or the to testing per with factors the free As risk ychloroquine provided from with treatment. has symptoms and praise mild Bhutan diagnosis having special pandemic. patients timely COVID-19 in got deadly resulted has the which combat ities Bhutan is to therapy countries, treatment plasma and Asian when diagnosis cases South critical the in patients Among especially showed in Bangladesh, that infection [72]. in SARS-CoV-2 [75]. drug effective treat efficacy option antiviral found to only its promising and been an found the evaluate has Remdesivir – been therapy Favipiravir to also generic combina- CP has done first to B a [73]. [74]. and world’s effective be ”Bemsivir” A that influenza the be to injection against found launched can IV needed efficiency Hospital Doxycycline had Remdesivir are antibiotic College Beximco exporting trials company, with currently Medical clinical dose pharmaceutical Bangladesh more single Bangladeshi from though a A doctors patients in COVID-19 Ivermectin of COVID- medicine treat team of antiprotozoal treatment A the of Bangladesh,” in Disease-2019 tion used [71]. Coronavirus be of to patients meet prescribed Management 19 were cannot Clinical Azithromycin still on and and Hydroxychloroquine Guidelines standard Chloroquine, “National below the is are to country facilities COVID-19 The According treatment of [70]. the treatment disease as the the COVID-19 in to for of effective requirement. excitement treatment sufferers the be promising with worst to most burst the found the have of currently been people one is also which general has government Afghanistan therapy the drug, in Although Plasma unproven patients which codeine. this [69]. town, and medication against the morphine the warned of as take talk such have substances the experts addictive become of health has up healer and made traditional be a to by reported produced was drug controversial a Afghanistan, In Strategies Treatment iue3: Figure OI-9tsigprmlinppltosi ot sa countries. Asian South in populations million per testing COVID-19 7 Posted on Authorea 4 Jan 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160977415.51030001/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. notreznsacrigt ies rvlne[9.Tegvrmn a aearl o ern aemask face a wearing country for rule the a split made cases government has government the three the The 2020, but first May [99]. prevalence 31 times, the disease on several Finally, to 2020, according general extending [98]. zones March declared 2020 three after government March into 8 withdrawn 23 the country, on was on country the lockdown the outbreak, throughout throughout countrywide Wuhan pandemic lockdown a of the ordered spreading [97]. and of the holidays Afghanistan months stop in To two COVID-19 the detected. of after the were from ramifications the almost of the grants up Grant Bangladesh, minimize shore USD Policy and In to Development million services Fund Program civil Trust 300 Incentive to 1.7 Reconstruction received the aid Afghanistan and government Afghani provide under and program, economy, The (IDA) USD billion distribution Association million bread 6.2 Development [96]. 400 including as International another packages program such and social purchase March expenditure Bank for 28 wheat World COVID-19-related Af on for billion for lockdown Af 23.6 countrywide the budget packages, billion a still, a health declared But proposed for They authorities and (Af) 96]. Afghanistan. people, The The [95, infected war-torn identified. for movement was in facilities 2020. on case quarantine COVID-19 first restrictions arranging the entry, combating strict after borders establishing measures for at containment activity steps take decreasing to essential include utmost measures take its trying to is government tough Afghan too is 94]. [93, It Panaya” virus “Sadanga SARS-CoV-2 the named with powder schemes infected a Intervention individuals also the An and for supervision. herbal Drink” developed government and under Immunizing been ayurvedic introduced have “Suwadharani promotes been that named has country therapy drink a recom- Herbal been immunizing patients COVID-19. has confirmed Lanka against fight Sri recovered and to suspected [92]. the medicine patients COVID-19 by mild on for Guidelines generated antipyretics Practice mended antibodies Clinical treatment Provisional the contains Lankan for [91]. which formally Sri used Pakistan critical plasma to being across also the Convalescent yet popularity is gaining is for Remdesivir is government [90]. – Besides, immune-suppressant, patients regional patients Actemra [89]. an the WHO approved COVID-19 – the However, Department of by Tocilizumab recommended only. Education drug, of warnings prescription Medical the name the on approve and patients ignoring generic Healthcare patient, affected the Specialized the SARS-CoV-2 with The prescribed for Pakistan inhibitor secured in [88]. interleukin-6 and on experts patients WHO Health efficient for the found [87]. one-third oxygen addressed about of they by requiring has which mortality patients WHO reduced tablets for The had one-fifth Hydroxychloroquine patients. it about that in by stated COVID-19 first and and critical ventilators, breakthrough” their treat “lifesaving to that a used as declared being it treat have is to authorities Dexamethasone used Pakistan, health [86]. injection In successful Nepal’s signed antiviral become has an has Administration [85]. Remdesivir, treatment side- Drug symptoms import therapy several of to critical plasma Department face Mylan with The may company emphasized patients patients [84]. Indian however, the COVID-19 ailments and with experts, heart Hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19 deal and Health while consignment treating vision a medications in cases. of efficient regular loss some that including with in effects not used treated was has being being government Hydroxychloroquine also are [83]. the that was Nepal medications consequence, drug, ensure of a anti-malarial to patients As controversial India the from [82]. ritonavir of patients and diag- Most lopinavir moderate clinical as on and and such based mild clinical drugs recommended for on antiviral been information transported Oseltamivir have provide antibiotics with empirical to along this, Guidelines nosis to serve Reference According may Quick treatment management. COVID-19 This home published Medical [81]. has of efficacy. rates Maldives Council and mortality treatment The Indian safety suppress hopeful The its to evaluate Another therapy. solution to short-term plasma [80]. trials a immune patients about clinical as or launched severe experts (CP), had IgG1 and plasma medical (ICMR) monoclonal convalescent moderate the Research humanized is of anti-CD6 among emerged treatment an remaining has the Itolizumab, that been for [79]. always approval patients got has COVID-19 antibody debate treating a in competency but Favipiravir, the and Remdesivir - 8 Posted on Authorea 4 Jan 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160977415.51030001/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. aitnwl logttebnfi ftevcietilfo hn.Tepae3tilo h hns vaccine Chinese the of trial 3 phase stimulus [122]. The [123]. a residents China. Hospital to announced from Indus relief has Karachi’s trial cover government in vaccine to held the The and be of response, will 5 benefit [121]. emergency COVID-19 the till businesses, areas for get gatherings assist those also public recognizing to will on by USD all Pakistan lockdown lockdown billion banning blanket steps a 7.79 of and necessary of instead imposed border package took strategies’ and the lockdown and ‘Smart with hotspots regularly accepted along 500 situation formed Pakistan institutions They 19 [120]. educational COVID 2020 case. all April monitor positive s closing the to confirming as after Committee such steps Coordination effective many National Nepal taken the [119]. COVID-19a has from soon three Pakistan approval trials got of of government they the trials The If begin clinical UK. will providing ministries the third-phase they and and line the Russia, Council, awareness other in China, Research the from public volunteering Health and companies all also ensuring networks three 24 is by of community-based for on conducted Nepal working and vaccines hospitals lockdown health countrywide coordinately [118]. in a public are information wards declared networks accurate existing quarantine and partner their and institutions development increased of isolation educational and They All all institutional [116]. closed 2020. and COVID-19 also flights March of self international Nepal has spread all of government the [117]. suspended Nepal facilities stop provinces they The to and as committee such [115]. number coordination virus 2020 the multi-agency the January a of 23 transmission formed on prevent civil and case to the positive strategies [114]. for several SARS-CoV-2 allowance response taken its COVID-19 risk graded confirmed the introduced training be in first and can a frontline Nepal workers zone the developed world’s health each in government the the that working the called among so are Moreover, facility zones skills who quarantine servants six professional April a response. into 16 increasing into divided and on for island lockdown been preparedness plan an a has engagement, turned country imposed have for government The they the individually [113]. this, and obtaining resort to 2020, after coronavirus addition March first trials In 7 on II 112]. case [111, phase first 2020 the its of undergoing detected the Maldives spurt is conduct The vaccine the to COVID India-based [110]. leading approval results Cadila’s got are positive [109]. has Zydus ICMR, and Covaxin economy whereas, with promising Biotech’s the trials partnership Bharat to and in country. III Billion practices the Biotech, Phase 280 health in Bharat USD development between and of vaccine balance package Cadila COVID-19 and incentive shops a visas Zydus an retail keep all named declared million suspended and companies has government 2 loss government Indian up The economic the set throughout infection, decrease institutes. measures to SARS-CoV-2 raising safety educational initiative massive maintaining for all by an the Setu’ closed citizens prevent took ‘Aarogya To to government essentials called [108]. everyday The app ensure India accurate ensuring to mobile [107]. for Stores’ a Helpdesk’ rumors ‘Suraksha Corona launched stop called Gov has ‘My to restriction called India countrywide chatbot and WhatsApp and information a case [106]. and first 2020 COVID-19 the 105]. the March confirming of [104, awareness after 25 people 2020, on affected March movement COVID-19 22 COVID-19 on with on named about contact Curfew’ apps information ‘Janata direct mobile made accurate declared in two providing They India come built and who [103]. government helping people times The for tracing several App” [103]. Trace for closure quarantined “Druk and closed this be and immediately extended government App” to and the Home returnees weeks and “Stay foreign 2 Bhutan for in for compulsory 2020 institutes March it approval educational examine 6 ethical and to on get border identified trials was its they [102]. human case humans If conduct COVID-19 for will first effective stage. The they and pre-clinical the then safe Biotech the in (BMRC), is Globe in competing dose Council named trials the Research also companies whether animal Medical is pharmaceutical trillion two-phase Bangladesh Bangladesh indigenous 1.03 its the over the in from [101]. quarantine worth of successful COVID-19 the packages one about stimulus the become where sure 19 combating has development made declared for vaccine and they sectors of hotline these, various race a to support opened addition to also In USD and awareness returnees[100]. public foreign for of steps several took and 9 Posted on Authorea 4 Jan 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160977415.51030001/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. aebe netdb ihrtasodrmvmn rrtresfo vres hyne ob oecareful more be to countries need the they of overseas, all from As returnees or properly. movement situation transborder Bhutan pandemic either and the by handle India infected lockdown varied to been taken economy. prevalence have have Maldives disease their applied and to stabilize Bangladesh Pakistan according while particularly helped awareness, strategies public but which of for people, Lockdown’ Apps modality several its ‘Smart effective developed safeguard have called an to approach actions outbreak, innovative necessary future taken an any has of country every burden Almost the designed treatment. prevent experimenting Specifically evidence-based and are appropriate COVID-19 essential. pandemic. most countries is of the the treatment Asian spread determine against South the to strive needed stop the to urgently To strategies all are treatment trials yet, and clinical discovered randomized medicines countries. been existing this the has the are At all treatment with for they soon. effective hope where vaccine best no promising trials are the a Though clinical vaccine) be develop undergoing (COVAX can to still Countries. vaccine India collaborators effective are Asian international and an vaccines South and vaccine) have moment, their many 42 national (BANCOVID and them, various in to Bangladesh of with competing facilities due and working countries diagnostic world, loss [21]. 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All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160977415.51030001/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. .G ,Wn ,Ya ,Xa ,Wn ,Dn ,e l h pdmooyadciia information clinical and 2020;39:1011–9. epidemiology The Diseases. al. Infectious et and T, Microbiology Deng C, Clinical Wang of G, Journal Xiao European X, doi:10.1007/s10096-020-03874-z. Yuan X, COVID-19. Wang about H, Ge 1. not-for-profit or commercial, References public, the in agencies funding from grant any receive sectors. not did research This authors. the by reported Funding was interest of conflict and potential thoughts No their providing for Bangladesh statement University of Disclosure Jashore Biotechnology, Foundation and Health Engineering Public Genetic and of Technology guidance. Department and the Science to of grateful are authors The request. upon Acknowledgment available are material and data All material Visualization, and Methodology, Investigation, editing. data & analysis, of review Formal Availability - curation, Writing editing. Data draft, & TJ- original review and - - Writing AAM Writing MMK, draft, NM, original - SS, Method- Writing Investigation, analysis, Visualization, Formal Software, curation, administration, Data Conceptualization, Project MShI- ology, FS, MSI, RIM, JEE, AAN, statement Administration; contribution Drug of authorship General CRediT for Directorate Centers DGDA: CDC: Prevention; tomography; Computed and CT: Reaction; Control Respiratory Test; Chain Disease ACE2: Amplification Polymerase East Polymorphism; Acid Real-Time Nucleic Nucleotide Middle transcriptase Coronavirus Cartridge-Based Single CBNAAT: reverse MERS-CoV: rRT-PCR: Syndrome SNP: 2; Coronavirus; Organization; Respiratory Enzyme Health Syndrome Angiotensin-Converting Acute World Respiratory WHO: Severe Coronavirus; Acute Syndrome SARS-CoV-2: Severe SARS-CoV: 2019; Disease 2; Coronavirus populations. COVID-19: the their with among work COVID-19 the to in Abbreviations of have hand of awareness co- organizations work and Lists co-operative to knowledge regional forward promote regional Policymakers, and to come and countries should pandemic. Local International the countries the of operations. these authorities against spreading response pandemic. from strive contrivances establish fields rapid this to various to health mandatory and combat of hand to classical are experts massive to health transmission, countries and the means Asian unpredictable officials from evade government South only and sector, could the rapid the every among groups to are hampered operations ethnic Due measures has and surveillance virus. that nation infectious and concern gender, highly global No this of of matter society. a to is economy pandemic COVID-19 The a Conclusion with strategies containment social effective practices. implement health and and facilities economy quarantine between and balance borders their about 11 Posted on Authorea 4 Jan 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160977415.51030001/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 9 a ,RdiuzMrlsA,JaR h K,G ,Pii ,e l opeeGnm Sequence Genome Complete 2020;9. Announc. al. Resour et Microbiol M, Peiris Nepal. analysis H, in genome Isolated Gu Strain SARS-CoV2 DKW, its (SARS-CoV-2) Chu depicted Coronavirus R, al. Novel TMPRSS2 Jha 2019 et with AJ, a S, Rodriguez-Morales protein of Madhulika R, spike A, Sah mutated 2020;:2020.07.23.217430. Jha D614G 19. bioRxiv. S, of infectivity. Kumar virus modelling and J, molecular different interaction Turuk and from enhanced A, isolates genomes Ghosh Indian SAR-CoV2 S, of of Raghav analyses 2020;:2020.03.21.001586. Comparative 18. bioRxiv. D. consequential pathogenesis. Gupta potentially and features interaction S, unique reveals host-virus Birla genomes to family coronavirus 2020;85:104457–104457. D, other Evol. Satish and SARS-CoV-2 locations Genet Indian R, geographical Infect of SNP. Sardar analysis Genome-wide and K. mutation 17. Mitra et genetic JP, Sarkar of A, N, identification Salauddin Sharma 2020;:2020.08.25.267658. the N, D, for Maity bioRxiv. Muzahid N, genomes Hasan Genomes. Ghosh M, I, SARS-CoV-2 Saha Hussain Bangladeshi Bangladesh. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/virus/vssi/#/virus?SeqType in 16. Hamed Mutations M, in E, Local Rasheduzzaman circulating and Osman R, strains; Global Das M, SARS-CoV-2 M, al. Uzzaman of Hasan Samir Mahbub analyses M, variant 15. Sarkar genetic Hasan The 2020. Murshed al. 2020;:2020.07.29.226555. T, et Virus. bioRxiv. Taznin M, A, Habib Mahmud Ahasan Mohmmad Sayeed NCBI Worldometer. 14. 2020. Oct 16 Accessed s=Nucleotide&VirusLineage Worldometer. Region Tropical of SAARC 13. Society - 2020. - Royal Oct the Report 26 of Update Accessed Situation Transactions http://www.covid19-sdmc.org/situation-report. pandemic. Coronavirus evolving 12. fast 2020;114:227–8. A Hygiene. the COVID-19: and of Medicine J. Divergence Whitworth and Worldometer. Composition 11. Genome 2020. Oct al. 26 et Accessed P, 2020;27:325–8. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/. Niu Microbe. X, Host Wang Cell X, 10. China. Ding in B, Originating Huang (2019-nCoV) Y, Coronavirus Peng Novel A, Journal Wu pathogenesis. and 9. replication, structure, Genome 2020;92:418–23. coronaviruses: Virology. Emerging D. Medical Guo of Q, Accessed Liu Y, current https://talk.ictvonline.org/. Chen on 8. 2017. based (ICTV). (SARS-CoV-2) Viruses coronavirus 2020. of novel Taxonomy Sep 2019 on 4 the Committee of International 99 Review of 2020;55:105948. 7. Q. characteristics Hospitalized Agents. Liu clinical 2020;395:507–13. Antimicrob 138 and D, Lancet. J Epidemiological Ye of Int study. Y, al. descriptive Characteristics Wang evidence. et a L, Y, Clinical China: Wang Han Wuhan, F, in 6. Gong al. pneumonia J, Assoc. coronavirus et Qu Med novel X, J, 2019 Am Dong of Zhang J M, cases Zhou - X, N, 2019 JAMA Liu Chen of 5. F, China. epidemiology Wuhan, Zhu and in characterisation C, Pneumonia Genomic Hu Coronavirus-Infected 2020;323:1061–9. al. Novel B, et 2019 2020;395:565–74. Hu H, with Lancet. D, Wu Patients B, Wang binding. Yang receptor P, and with 4. Niu origins associated virus J, outbreak for Li pneumonia implications A X, coronavirus: Zhao al. novel et 2020;579:270–3. R, W, Nature. Lu Zhang origin. L, 3. Zhang bat B, probable Hu of XG, coronavirus Wang new Lou, a X Yang P, Zhou 2. sSvr ct eprtr ydoerltdcrnvrs taxid:694009. coronavirus, syndrome-related respiratory acute ss=Severe | COVID-19 12 | AR iatrMngmn ete(IU). Centre Management Disaster SAARC - Posted on Authorea 4 Jan 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160977415.51030001/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 9 asnJ htn F rs E nepeigacvd1 etrsl.TeBJ 2020;369. BMJ. The result. test covid-19 Actions a Interpreting JE. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus- Brush and PF, Whiting publications. J, Watson Awareness 39. 2020. guidance Oct 13 in Accessed Technical 2019/technical-guidance-publications. Differences 38. 2020. Gender Sep 11 Accessed https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/resources/COVID- Testing. 19/serology/Serology-based-tests-for-COVID-19.html. Serology-Based at COVID-19 on Progress Global 37. Look 2020. Oct 5 United on Accessed A the awareness-and-actions/. review in literature use A Coronavirus: al. https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/coronavirus-a-look-at-gender-differences-in- tobacco et to ME, vulnerabilities Roberts 36. other DE, with 2015;80:89–100. Gaalema Medicine. intersections TJ, Preventive and 2004-2014. White differences States, R, gender Redner of AN, prevalence Kurti 2014. Sheets. ST, Fact Control Higgins Disease 35. for Centre 2020. Health. Women’s Oct to M 5 Risks Accessed CJ, and http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/womens-health.htm. Use Kinnear Alcohol Excessive EG, 2019;13:2. CDC. Hoal Clin genomics. 34. Human Compr G, susceptibility. Tromp SN disease M, infectious Women? in Salie Than effects H, Covid-19 Schurz to Vulnerable More 33. potential are new indicates Men heart Why 2020;116:1097–100. human 2020;:1. Res. in Coronavirus: Med. Cardiovasc expression GM. ACE2 SARS-CoV-2. Bwire The with C. infected 32. Xiong patients http://covid19sl.com/?fbclid=IwAR0p28pI7xbOCR Y, among JACC Feng injury M, Pandemic. heart Chen of COVID-19 X, mechanism From Li Mortality L, in Chen Differences 31. Lanka. Sex doi:10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.04.027. ED. 2020;2:1407–10. Michos Sri AS, Reports. Volgman Case G, Dashboard Sharma 30. COVID-19 2020. Sep 9 Accessed GK8IL6hLzGc3NTqNdjMU2u5MTf5frCIvti8-v5sqxiu4. 29. 2020. Sep 9 https://datastudio.google.com/reporting/4f8d15d3-751a-44ef-a5f7- Accessed Update. f5f171cb570d/page/yVNJB. Live Pakistan-Coronavirus 2020. Oct 28. 9 Accessed https://covid19.mohp.gov.np/. CoVid19-Dashboard. 9 27. Accessed https://covid19.health.gov.mv/dashboard/?c=0. COVID-19. Ac- 2020. – Oct https://ncdc.gov.in/dashboard.php. DASHBOARD COVID-19 (NCDC). Control 26. Disease for 2020. Centre Oct 9 National cessed :: Dashboard 2020. Sep 25. 9 Accessed and 2020. http://old.iedcr.gov.bd/. Pakistani introduction Oct IEDCR. SARS- 9 multiple 24. of four Accessed on of http://covid.moph-dw.org/#/. Comparison evidence analysis Dashboard. genomic Additional Genome MOPH-COVID-19 and Lanka; bioRxiv. Evolutionary 23. Sri Whole Y. in SK COVID-19. AR. P, 2020 2020. GA of March transmission. Qureshi J, Severity bioRxiv. in further LJAP P, circulating Predictive S, JMKJK isolates its pandemic. P, Zia CoV-2 PMSDK with the S, A, along DA of 22. Strains Ejaz start US the T, anal- and at genome Mahmood Chinese strains SARS-CoV-2 2020;:2020.05.01.072942. with R, clade al. Virus L Saif et Corona and S, Shahid S SH, GH, 21. Abidi reveals W, Pakistan Khan A, in 2020;:2020.08.04.234153. Nasir strains KI, of Masood ysis NK, Ghanchi 20. 13 le .TeXcrmsm n sex-specific and chromosome X The M. ¨ oller | KFF. - Posted on Authorea 4 Jan 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160977415.51030001/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 6 ilyG de ,JtBrD iaMy ,SnmW adnD ecitv td fConfirmed of Study Descriptive A D. Tandin W, Sonam 2020;6. A, Epidemiol. Maya Dis Lila Infect D, J Bdr Bhutan. in Jit Cases M, COVID-19 Adeep G, Kinley 56. 2020. Oct 17 Nepal. create Accessed covid-19/?gb=true. scientists https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/24/bangladesh-scientists-create-3-kit-can-it-help-detect- Jazeera. Bangladesh in 55. 2020. Oct 17 November. Accessed 2008; Covid-19 in testing way-trace-covid-19-1922637. COVID-19. trace to of Stage way Management alternative An Clinical Early 54. on at Guidelines National (RT-PCR) Epidemic TI. Foundation COVID-19 53. htt- of Management 2020;21:1–9. and COVID19 Islamabad. Management Impact, Health, Transmission, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343734542 Countries. SAARC Onset, of (PDF) for Institute 52. September:19–22. https://hpb.health.gov.lk/media/pdf/pcr-testing-1.pdf. National laboratories.pdf. Capacity PCR designated 51. Laboratory Laboratories Businessworld. 19 BW 2020; – ps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101607%0Ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034%0Ahttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cjag.12228%0Ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104773%0Ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.011%0Ahttps://doi.o. - COVID of 50. 000-ANI 24 12 2020. COVID-19. cross Nov Accessed List COVID-19. cases https://publichealthupdate.com/polymerase-chain-reaction-pcr-test-for-covid-19-in-nepal/. 19 COVID 49. fighting TO as 2020. 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COVID-19 of to Detection Afghanistan: reporting al. 44. Laboratories et Operational Total DK, RESEARCH. https://www.icmr.gov.in/pdf/covid/labs/COVID Chu June. MEDICAL A, 2020; OF Meijer COUNCIL R, INDIAN Molenkamp 2020;25:2000045. 43. Eurosurveillance. M, RT-PCR. Kaiser real-time a by 2014;52:67–75. transcription-pcr O, reverse (2019-nCoV) Microbiol. Landt of Real-time coronavirus Clin al. VM, J Detection et coronavirus. Corman L, al. syndrome Lowe 42. respiratory LE, et Rose east S, middle M, Kamili for SKK, Eschbach-Bludau panel Sakthivel Eurosurveillance.assay B, O, Whitaker reaction. Landt X, Lu chain A, 41. polymerase Zaki reverse-transcription T, real-time Bleicker by 2012;17:20285. I, coronavirus Eckerle human novel VM, Corman 40. of | COVID-19 eife.https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-covid-19-multi-sectoral- ReliefWeb. Epidemic $ at i.Cni epdtc COVID-19? detect help it Can kit. 3 | Early h al tr https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/alternative- Star. Daily The 2. Stage 14 in SAARC 2. Testing onre.Acse 9Ot2020. Oct 19 Accessed Countries. Labs Onset 23112020.pdf. Transmission aamZtT2JPneMRghc. | Bangladesh Impact and | Al - Posted on Authorea 4 Jan 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160977415.51030001/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 2 eic hraeprsCvd1 rgremdesivir drug Quackery. Covid-19 Doxycycline. of ivermectin, exports Treatment. Charges using Coronavirus Pharma 2020. results’ Oct and 11 Accessed Unproven remdesivir. ‘amazing Beximco — https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2020/07/22/beximco-pharma-exports-covid-19-drug- But reports months 72. physician Hope Popular 2020. Oct 11 8 Accessed BMCH ivermectin-doxycycline/52634. Against Sparks Covid-19: https://www.unb.com.bd/category/Bangladesh/covid-19-bmch-physician-reports-amazing-results-using- in Warns Drug 71. 2020. Oct Gov’t 12 dead Accessed a treatment/30646578.html. Afghan https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/afghan-gov-t-warns-against-popular-but-unproven-coronavirus- million Afghanistan, 70. 2020. Oct 1 In 10 Accessed https://undark.org/2020/08/10/afghanistan-covid-19-drug-quackery/. 69. Over 2020. Oct report. 20 Accessed says million. Covid-19: time, pandemic https://www.dhakatribune.com/health/coronavirus/2020/09/27/global-coronavirus-death-toll-surpasses-1- the fight 68. of Pakistan help percent carrying-out-test.pdf. htt- 67. htt- to 50 2020. Edition. Oct tests 18 accurate Edition. The Accessed rapid 1.70869089. only - The Digital, Omni https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/covid-19-digital-rapid-tests-to-help-pakistan-fight-pandemic- tests COVID-19: - by antibody 66. 2020. procured 1000 Maldives Oct 19 gifts Accessed kits percent-of-the-time-says-report. to Maldives, test https://kathmandupost.com/health/2020/06/18/rapid-test-kits-procured-by-omni-only-accurate-50- kits to Rapid ventilators 65. test 2020. 18 Oct 20 COVID-19 brings Accessed ps://edition.mv/news/16636. Medtech rapid-result 64. 2020. brings Oct 20 Accessed Medtech ps://edition.mv/news/19427. ICMR 63. says Accessed https://edition.mv/news/17562. Edition. 2020. The specific, - Oct Maldives 19 to 97.9% cartridges it GeneXpert donates and WHO 62. How sensitive 2020. Oct 92.37% and 18 Accessed WL-RTJjE0ISiWV9VJ0TRFa65g. kits India ELISA sensitive-and-97-9-specific-says-icmr-2288192.html?fbclid=IwAR3u by Indigenous News testing: Approved India COVID-19 Covid-19 https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/covid-19-encourage-pvt-labs-using-61. 2020. Hindu. for Oct 18 The Accessed Test - truenatcbnaat-tests-to-get-nabl-accreditation-icmr-tells-states/article31986843.ece. States Strip tells Paper COVID-19 60. tests Feluda 2020. covid-19 Oct the 18 https://www.news18.com/news/india/faq-what-is-the-feluda-paper-strip-covid-19-test- of Accessed approved-by-india-and-how-it-works-explained-2895819.html. types is Explained. What Works What India: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/coronavirus-covid-19- 59. in now? Price India Results, in 4e-qWprho05 Centres, out Process, carried testing-procedures-in-india-6479312/?fbclid=IwAR0wui0kXJMgg9DHPgHG3lY9XvCCnt92snE18oMB02 Types, being Test are Covid-19 58. 2020. Commu- Oct for check 18 to https://thebhutanese.bt/moh-running-10000-plus-covid-19-tests-along- Paro Accessed and Bhutanese. southern-border-thimphu-and-paro-to-check-for-community-transmission/. Thimphu The border, Southern – along Transmission tests nity COVID-19 plus 10,000 running MoH 57. q8 cesd1 c 2020. Oct 18 Accessed uqe8. | | e es https://zeenews.india.com/india/covid-19-testing-indigenous-elisa-kits-92-37- News. Zee norg v.lb sn rea/BATtsst e ALaceiain ICMR accreditation, NABL get to tests TrueNat/CBNAAT using labs pvt. Encourage 15 J62ab252a3J | 3rq0nwOnjJL3WCwc aitn–Gl News. Gulf – Pakistan | | hk Tribune. Dhaka hk Tribune. Dhaka - - | Posted on Authorea 4 Jan 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160977415.51030001/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 0 niCvddu ob vial ntrewes-Pksa ANCM htt- DAWN.COM. - Pakistan - weeks three in available be medici- top to claims 2020. drug https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/664802-punjab- Oct 13 patients, use. Accessed ps://www.dawn.com/news/1567496. Anti-Covid trial COVID-19 for 90. of drug 2020. Oct Covid-19 11 treatment Accessed approves approves-covid-19-drug-for-trial-use. in Punjab 89. Hin- effective https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia- 2020. Oct patients. 12 proving Accessed https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/667009-hcq-tablets-proving-effective-in-treatment-of-covid- 19-patients-claims-top-medicine-expert. COVID-19 tablets The expert. on ne HCQ dexamethasone 88. - treatment using 2020. Oct therapy 11 mulls Accessed pacific/pakistan-mulls-using-dexamethasone-on-covid-19-patients/1879967. Pakistan Maldives plasma 87. successful 2020. Oct 12 reports to Accessed 115201. Nepal https://risingnepaldaily.com/main- patients. https://tbsnews.net/coronavirus-chronicle/covid-19-nepal-reports-successful-plasma-therapy-treatment- Covid-19: COVID-19 drugs HEALTH treat 86. to they https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/iaf-airlifts-62-tonne-essential-drugs-to- Nepal once 2020. Oct week in essential 12 next available OF Accessed news/remdesivir-now-available-in-nepal-to-treat-covid-19-patients. discharged now be Remdesivir to 85. three tonne 8).MINISTRY 2020. least Oct http://health.gov.mv/Downloads?fbclid=IwAR0RYlfSezjndj586b4ogK- at News. 12 with Accessed https://kathmandupost.com/health/2020/04/12/all-of-nepal-s-covid-19-patients-recovering- recovering with-at-least-three-to-be-discharged-next-week-once-they-test-negative. patients 6.2 negative. BBC (Version Covid-19 Nepal’s test of - All 84. airlifts SOPs rise 2020. Oct 12 cases Accessed maldives/article31240436.ece. Downloads. IAF Reference Covid-19 du. as 83. Quick therapy https://www.pharmaceutical- 2020. Oct 12 Accessed Covid-19. plasma pvpeWiy5621Tut6erTjOjwRsZor5xxvaHOsw. COVID-19 treat for https://www.ns-- to Rush India. 82. 2020. approval India: Oct in 13 Accessed gets https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-53387607. Coronavirus treatment Itolizumab Covid-19 81. 2020. experts. drug for Oct 12 Accessed technology.com/news/biocon-itolizumab-approval/. Biocon’s approved Health India. Remdesivir 80. in COVID-19 2020. Oct for and 12 caution: protocol Accessed treatment healthcare.com/news/favipiravir-remdesivir-covid-19-india/. Favipiravir Current TM. with 79. Aminabhavi of NP, case Shetti 2020;6:III–III. first 2020;1:100013. J. S, Int. The Heal patients Basu Sensors Bhutan report: S, Bhutan. Case in Sharma al. COVID-19 78. on et Covid-19 Tshokey, update An K, 2020;102:1205–7. T. Namgyal Hyg. Tshokey P, Med 77. Trop Chuki for J T, Am Penjor Bhutan. GP, in Dhakal COVID-19 therapy S, LeVine 76. 2020. 2020. plasma Oct 12 Eng. Accessed health-experts-1592558065. 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Lanka Matsuyama (COVID-19) SARS-cov-2 R, of Omori Serv. analysis Sri 127. Variant L. Parida Med D, SL. Platt 2020;98:495–504. Indig T, Koyama https://www.who.int/docs/default- Health 126. Heal of REPORT. Minist 1IC6EDdC7DnFB Ministry SITUATION nal/english/public/elfinder/files/publications/2020/SPRP.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2w3xm82S WEEKLY 19. 125. COVID-19 37.pdf?sfvrsn=ac89cd23 source/searo/whe/coronavirus19/sear-weekly-reports/weekly-situation-report-week- 124. JvA1oKaa .Acse 1Ot2020. Oct 21 Accessed 2. x Nx ckr75jdsT6hc9E. 19 iy3rW- fi-