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Flood Loss Model Model
GIROJ FloodGIROJ Loss Flood Loss Model Model General Insurance Rating Organization of Japan 2 Overview of Our Flood Loss Model GIROJ flood loss model includes three sub-models. Floods Modelling Estimate the loss using a flood simulation for calculating Riverine flooding*1 flooded areas and flood levels Less frequent (River Flood Engineering Model) and large- scale disasters Estimate the loss using a storm surge flood simulation for Storm surge*2 calculating flooded areas and flood levels (Storm Surge Flood Engineering Model) Estimate the loss using a statistical method for estimating the Ordinarily Other precipitation probability distribution of the number of affected buildings and occurring disasters related events loss ratio (Statistical Flood Model) *1 Floods that occur when water overflows a river bank or a river bank is breached. *2 Floods that occur when water overflows a bank or a bank is breached due to an approaching typhoon or large low-pressure system and a resulting rise in sea level in coastal region. 3 Overview of River Flood Engineering Model 1. Estimate Flooded Areas and Flood Levels Set rainfall data Flood simulation Calculate flooded areas and flood levels 2. Estimate Losses Calculate the loss ratio for each district per town Estimate losses 4 River Flood Engineering Model: Estimate targets Estimate targets are 109 Class A rivers. 【Hokkaido region】 Teshio River, Shokotsu River, Yubetsu River, Tokoro River, 【Hokuriku region】 Abashiri River, Rumoi River, Arakawa River, Agano River, Ishikari River, Shiribetsu River, Shinano -
FY2017 Results of the Radioactive Material Monitoring in the Water Environment
FY2017 Results of the Radioactive Material Monitoring in the Water Environment March 2019 Ministry of the Environment Contents Outline .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 1) Radioactive cesium ................................................................................................................... 6 (2) Radionuclides other than radioactive cesium .......................................................................... 6 Part 1: National Radioactive Material Monitoring Water Environments throughout Japan (FY2017) ....... 10 1 Objective and Details ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Objective .................................................................................................................................. 10 1.2 Details ...................................................................................................................................... 10 (1) Monitoring locations ............................................................................................................... 10 1) Public water areas ................................................................................................................ 10 2) Groundwater ......................................................................................................................... 10 (2) Targets .................................................................................................................................... -
Readings of Environmental Radiation Monitoring of Public Water Areas (Preliminary Report)
Readings of Environmental Radiation Monitoring of Public Water Areas (Preliminary Report) August 4, 2011 Local Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters (Radioactivity Team) Disaster Provision Main Office of Fukushima Pref. (Nuclear Power Team) 1 Date: Thursday, July 7 – Friday, July 27, 2011 2 Number of monitoring locations: Rivers: 6 locations (water quality) Lakes and dam reservoirs: 5 locations (water quality) Lakes and dam reservoirs: 2 locations (bottom sediment) Agricultural reservoirs: 4 locations (water quality) Groundwater: 10 locations (water quality) 3 Monitoring Results (1) Rivers (water quality) Radioactive iodine: Not detectable in any locations Radioactive cesium: Cs-134 Not detectable – 1.18 Bq/L Cs-137 Not detectable – 1.30 Bq/L (2) Lakes and dam reservoirs (water quality and bottom sediment) a. Water quality Radioactive iodine: Not detectable in any location Radioactive cesium: Not detectable in any location b. Bottom sediment Radioactive iodine: Not detectable in any location Radioactive cesium: Cs-134 Not detectable – 334 Bq/kg Cs-137 Not detectable – 371 Bq/kg (3) Agricultural reservoirs (water quality) Radioactive iodine: Not detectable in any locations Radioactive cesium: Not detectable in any location (4) Groundwater (water quality) Radioactive iodine: Not detectable in any locations Radioactive cesium: Not detectable in any location *Water quality monitoring has been conducted once a month for rivers since May and once a month for lakes, dam reservoirs, and agricultural reservoirs since June. The quality of groundwater is monitored once a year. (Inquiries: Monitoring Team, Radioactivity Team Tel: 024-521-1917) Readings of Environmental Radiation Monitoring at Rivers, Lakes, Dam Reservoirs, and Agricultural Reservoirs（Preliminary Report）(Second report in July) August 4, 2011 Local Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters (Radioactivity Team) Disaster Provision Main Office of Fukushima Pref. -
Temporal Trends for Dioxins-Related Agrochemicals in Sediments in a Large-Scale Rice-Producing Area, Niigata, Japan
LEVELS IN SOIL AND WATER TEMPORAL TRENDS FOR DIOXINS-RELATED AGROCHEMICALS IN SEDIMENTS IN A LARGE-SCALE RICE-PRODUCING AREA, NIIGATA, JAPAN Mizuki Sakai1, Muto Hiroaki2, Kajihara Hideo1, Takahashi Yukio2 1Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Niigata, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, Japan 2Faculty of Engineering, University of Niigata, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, Japan Introduction Japanese people have historically eaten rice as the main grain constituent in their diet. In Sea of Japan the past 50 years, a larger amount of agrochemicals have been applied to Japanese rice fields to increase rice production. Masunaga et al. reported that common Toyano Lagoon Agano Japanese agrochemicals such as River pentachlorophenol (PCP) and chloronitrophen (CNP) used in rice fields in the past contain Shinano Kameda basin dioxins as impurities 1. Since Niigata Plain is River the largest rice-producing area in Japan, the soil and/or sediment in the lower basin in 5km Niigata Plain could be highly polluted. In the previous study, we measured the age of a sediment core and the amount of dioxins (PCDD/DFs) in Toyano Lagoon and estimated the historical trend and the sources of dioxin2. Most of the sources of dioxin in Toyano Lagoon sediment were PCP and CNP. The aims of this work are to quantify the extent, clarify the historical trends of CNP and PCP pollution in the Toyano Lagoon sediment and consider the interrelation between them. Figure 1 Sampling Site. Arrows mean flow direction. Method and Materials Sediment Core A sediment core, which was a cylindrical sample with a diameter of 20cm and a length of 80cm, was obtained from the northern part of Toyano Lagoon. -
On the Banks of the Agano
chapter 1 On the Banks of the Agano On August 14, 1925, in the hamlet of Kosugi in Niigata prefecture, a child was born. Sakaue Toshié was born in her family home, a structure of wood, bamboo, and mud, on the edge of the hamlet abutting the levee of the Agano River. Her mother gave birth to her in the close, window- less room that the family used for sleeping. Her mother, whose name was Tsugino, endured the pains of childbirth lying on the floor on a cotton- backed mattress, over which were thrown several rough straw mats stuffed with ashes to catch the blood accompanying childbirth. A birth was a commonplace event in the life of the village, but it was also a dangerous one. Tsugino could expect no assistance from modern medicines. The dangers from infection and excessive bleeding were all too real. Two out of every ten babies died in childbirth or infancy. Ko- sugi had no doctor; its births were presided over by Mrs. Yamazaki, the midwife. In the event of a complication, the doctor must be sent for from So¯ mi, an hour and a half’s walk up the bank of the Agano. Mrs. Yamazaki was a young woman in her twenties, recently gradu- ated from midwifery school in the nearby town of Shibata. Her husband was the priest of the hamlet temple. Mrs. Yamazaki attended virtually every birth in Kosugi, and she was usually the only medical resource available. Unlike the old-fashioned “delivery women” (toriagebasan)— who offered only a few herbal remedies and a supporting hand while the birthing mother clutched at a rope hanging from the ceiling—Mrs. -
Icp-Ms Measurements of Iodine and Bromine in Environmental Samples Collected Along the Kuji River, Japan
JAERI-Conf 2003-010 JP0350637 4.42 ICP-MS MEASUREMENTS OF IODINE AND BROMINE IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES COLLECTED ALONG THE KUJI RIVER, JAPAN Kouhei N. KUSHITA1 and Hikaru AMAN02 'Nuclear Technology and Education Center 2Department of Environmental Sciences Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, lbaraki-ken 319-1195 JAPAN ABSTRACT From a viewpoint of monitoring the distribution and transfer of long-lived radioiodine (129 1) and possible hazardous brominated substances, I and Br contents in various environmental samples collected in the Kuji River area, Japan, were studied by ICP-MS. The feature of the change in concentrations of I and Br, as well as those of other general properties such as pH etc., in Kuji River watershed were coincident with each other. It is considered from te obtained data tat te environmental conditions, especially those of the soil of the area, mainly control the distribution of I and Br in the river water. The circulation characteristics of I and Br showed different features in different transfer media, which could be ascribed to the different chemical properties of these elements in each media. It was also shown that the distributions of I and Br are varied even within a small zone of about 20 km width around a high mountain of this area, which is also considered to reflect the environmental characteristics of the district. KEYWORDS: ICP-MS, IODINE, BROMINE, RIVER, SOIL, TRANSFER 1. INTRODUCTION In nuclear accidents such as that at Chernobyl in 1986, radio-iodine has been always one of the main concerns because of its high mobility and hazardous property toward people. -
Damage Patterns of River Embankments Due to the 2011 Off
Soils and Foundations 2012;52(5):890–909 The Japanese Geotechnical Society Soils and Foundations www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sandf Damage patterns of river embankments due to the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake and a numerical modeling of the deformation of river embankments with a clayey subsoil layer F. Okaa,n, P. Tsaia, S. Kimotoa, R. Katob aDepartment of Civil & Earth Resources Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan bNikken Sekkei Civil Engineering Ltd., Osaka, Japan Received 3 February 2012; received in revised form 25 July 2012; accepted 1 September 2012 Available online 11 December 2012 Abstract Due to the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, which had a magnitude of 9.0, many soil-made infrastructures, such as river dikes, road embankments, railway foundations and coastal dikes, were damaged. The river dikes and their related structures were damaged at 2115 sites throughout the Tohoku and Kanto areas, including Iwate, Miyagi, Fukushima, Ibaraki and Saitama Prefectures, as well as the Tokyo Metropolitan District. In the first part of the present paper, the main patterns of the damaged river embankments are presented and reviewed based on the in situ research by the authors, MLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) and JICE (Japan Institute of Construction Engineering). The main causes of the damage were (1) liquefaction of the foundation ground, (2) liquefaction of the soil in the river embankments due to the water-saturated region above the ground level, and (3) the long duration of the earthquake, the enormity of fault zone and the magnitude of the quake. -
Major Disaster Surveys
●Documents Major Disaster Surveys 1 Field survey and guidance based on the nature-oriented river works advisor system for emergency projects to deal with severe damage and disaster assistance projects (Niigata Prefecture, Wakayama Prefecture) From July 27 to 30, 2011, parts of Niigata and Fukushima Prefectures were struck by record breaking heavy rain exceeding the torrential rain which struck Niigata and Fukushima Prefectures in July 2004, causing damage along the Igarashi River, the Agano River and so on. We advised on forms of revetments and embedding according to the causes of the damage, and gave advice on the design of new channels and the treatment of revetments and watersidess taking account of environment, for the Igarashi River, Shiotani River, and Hane River. Because the Agano River includes a river cruising course, we gave guidance about revetments considering the scenery and the height of polders. Typhoon 12 brought record-breaking torrential rainfall exceeding a total of 1,800mm at places on the Kii Peninsula, causing damage on rivers including the Hidaka River, Ota River, and the Nachi River. For the Hidaka River, we gave advice on methods of improving the levees after confirming the flood control functions of the open levees. For the Ota River, we advised on excavation method which conserved the riparian forests growing continuously at the waterside of the low water channel. For the Nachi River, we advised on the setting of the channel profile foreseeing its future change which had been buried by this disaster and provided guidance on a method to consider the world treasure, the Nachi Taisha Shrine. -
A Synopsis of the Parasites from Cyprinid Fishes of the Genus Tribolodon in Japan (1908-2013)
生物圏科学 Biosphere Sci. 52：87－115 (2013) A synopsis of the parasites from cyprinid fishes of the genus Tribolodon in Japan (1908-2013) Kazuya Nagasawa and Hirotaka Katahira Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University Published by The Graduate School of Biosphere Science Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan December 2013 生物圏科学 Biosphere Sci. 52：87－115 (2013) REVIEW A synopsis of the parasites from cyprinid fishes of the genus Tribolodon in Japan (1908-2013) Kazuya Nagasawa1)* and Hirotaka Katahira1,2) 1) Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan 2) Present address: Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan Abstract Four species of the cyprinid genus Tribolodon occur in Japan: big-scaled redfin T. hakonensis, Sakhalin redfin T. sachalinensis, Pacific redfin T. brandtii, and long-jawed redfin T. nakamuraii. Of these species, T. hakonensis is widely distributed in Japan and is important in commercial and recreational fisheries. Two species, T. hakonensis and T. brandtii, exhibit anadromy. In this paper, information on the protistan and metazoan parasites of the four species of Tribolodon in Japan is compiled based on the literature published for 106 years between 1908 and 2013, and the parasites, including 44 named species and those not identified to species level, are listed by higher taxon as follows: Ciliophora (2 named species), Myxozoa (1), Trematoda (18), Monogenea (0), Cestoda (3), Nematoda (9), Acanthocephala (2), Hirudinida (1), Mollusca (1), Branchiura (0), Copepoda (6 ), and Isopoda (1). For each taxon of parasite, the following information is given: its currently recognized scientific name, previous identification used for the parasite occurring in or on Tribolodon spp.; habitat (freshwater, brackish, or marine); site(s) of infection within or on the host; known geographical distribution in Japan; and the published source of each locality record. -
Export of 134 Cs and 137 Cs in the Fukushima River Systems at Heavy Rains by Typhoon Roke in September 2011
Biogeosciences, 10, 6215–6223, 2013 Open Access www.biogeosciences.net/10/6215/2013/ doi:10.5194/bg-10-6215-2013 Biogeosciences © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Export of 134 Cs and 137 Cs in the Fukushima river systems at heavy rains by Typhoon Roke in September 2011 S. Nagao1, M. Kanamori2, S. Ochiai1, S. Tomihara3, K. Fukushi4, and M. Yamamoto1 1Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan 2Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan 3Aquamarine Fukushima, Obama, Iwaki, Fukushima 971-8101, Japan 4Division of Earth Dynamics, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan Correspondence to: S. Nagao ([email protected]) Received: 31 December 2012 – Published in Biogeosciences Discuss.: 15 February 2013 Revised: 19 July 2013 – Accepted: 27 July 2013 – Published: 2 October 2013 Abstract. At stations on the Natsui River and the Same River gen explosions (Japanese Government, 2011; Chino et al., in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, effects of a heavy rain event 2011). Surface deposition of 134Cs and 137Cs shows consid- on radiocesium export were studied after Typhoon Roke dur- erable external radioactivity in a zone extending northwest ing 21–22 September 2011, six months after the Fukushima from the NPP, about 20 km wide and 50–70 km long inside Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Radioactivity of the 80 km zone of the NPP (MEXT, 2011; Yoshida and Taka- 134Cs and 137Cs in river waters was 0.009–0.098 Bq L−1 in hashi, 2012). -
News from Iwate's Reconstruction
The news from Iwate as it moves toward reconstruction We are deeply grateful for the heartwarming encouragement and support received from both within and outside of Japan in the News from Iwate’s Reconstruction aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, which struck on March 11, 2011. The precious bonds created during this time will always be cherished. Ganbaro, Iwate! Volume 139 We will now bring you the news from Iwate’s reconstruction. Let’s stick together, Iwate! July 2018 Edition Iwate Prefecture's First Ferry Line Commences from Miyako Harbor MIYAKO June 22nd (Fri) - The long awaited “Kuromori Kagura Dance," a traditional The following morning, a welcoming maiden voyage of the Miyako – Muroran performance art of the Miyako area. ceremony awaited the ferry's first return Ferry line departed from Miyako Harbor. The Silver Queen's Captain Furukawa to port from Muroran City. In front of the The ferry line is the first to be also participated in this ceremonial ferry terminal, Miyako's Yamaguchi Taiko event, in which he placed an arm into group greeted the ferry alongside established within the prefecture, the mouth of a Shishigashira lion head around 800 townspeople to celebrate its operated by Kawasaki Kinkai Kisen (of mask to be "bitten" as a rite of spiritual official commission. Tokyo). "The Silver Queen" will travel strengthening, the purpose of which is This, along with the new Sanriku coastal from Miyako City to Muroran (in to wish for safe sailing. Afterwards, highway, is expected to attract more Hokkaido) in ten hours, offering one around 1,000 townspeople gathered to visitors to the area, while simultaneously round trip per day. -
Dispersion of Cs-134 and Cs-137 in River Waters from Fukushima And
DOI: 10.15669/pnst.4.9 Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology Volume 4 (2014) pp. 9-13 ARTICLE Dispersion of Cs-134 and Cs-137 in river waters from Fukushima and Gunma prefectures at nine months after the Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident Seiya Nagaoa*, Masaki Kanamorib, Shinya Ochiaia, Kyuma Suzukic and Masayoshi Yamamotoa a Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, 24 O, Wake, Nomi-shi, Ishikawa-ken, 923-1224, Japan; b Graduate School of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa-shi, Ishikawa-ken, 920-1192, Japan; c Gunma Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, 13 Shikishima, Maebashi-shi, Gunma-ken, 371-1036, Japan To estimate short-term and long-term impacts of radiation dose, dynamics of 134Cs and 137Cs in river watershed environments were studied in Fukushima and Gunma prefectures at nine months after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) accident. Radioactivity of 134Cs and 137Cs in the river waters ranged respectively from 0.007 Bq/l to 0.149 Bq/l and 0.008 Bq/l to 0.189 Bq/l. Their horizontal distributions were consistent with those of material that had been deposited on the ground surface. The percentages of particulate forms of 134Cs and 137Cs were 56–89% for the Fukushima river samples. Results show that the transport of 134Cs and 137Cs from the watershed to the river waters occurred mainly as particulate forms and that their radioactivity depends on the levels of radioactivity at the watersheds of the respective river systems. Keywords: 134Cs; 137Cs; radiocesium; existence forms; lake waters; transport behavior 1. Introduction1 2.