DOCSLIB.ORG

Preventing Pesticide Contamination of Water Sources

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Preventing Pesticide Contamination of Water Sources C C E N T R A L U Preventing pesticide 1 contamination of water sources 2 By Parker Platts and Stephen H. Futch ater is a vital and between soil particles, gravel and rock. precious resource to Groundwater, the source of water for our environment. wells and springs, is where approximately Protecting Florida’s 90 percent of Florida’s drinking W 3 water sources should be a high priority water comes from. Groundwater when dealing with pesticides. The must be protected from pesticide 1: To help determine when to apply restoration of pesticide-contaminated contamination, as the restoration of pesticides, applicators should check water is complex and expensive, and in underground water pollution is very the weather forecast periodically many cases, not feasible. The pesticide difficult if not impossible. during the day. user must be diligent in employing good Leaching is the downward 2: Follow the instructions on the management practices that prevent movement of pesticides or other pesticide label for proper storage pesticides from polluting our waters. compounds in water through the soil and disposal. Surface water is the water on top of profile, which can cause pollution of 3: Keep pesticides in a locked storage the earth’s surface such as lakes, rivers, the groundwater. The physical and facility. canals and irrigation ditches. More chemical characteristics of a pesticide, than a third of the state’s fresh water as well as the properties of the soil, in its original form for an extended withdrawals comes from surface water. influence the ability for leaching. period before breaking down. A Pesticides can move downslope in Characteristics of a pesticide that pesticide that is quickly broken down is runoff water or with eroded sediment affect its ability to leach are adsorption, less prone to pollute the groundwater. to contaminate surface water. solubility and persistence. When leaching is a concern, look for Runoff is the water that flows Adsorption is the ability of a label information or call the pesticide downslope over the land during pesticide to bind with soil particles. If a manufacturer and ask about these heavy or continual rainfall. This pesticide is held strongly on the surface pesticide characteristics. runoff water can carry pesticides of soil particles, it is less likely to leach. Soil properties are also an with it to unintended surface-water Solubility is a measure of the important factor in the movement and bodies. Factors affecting runoff are ability of a pesticide to be dissolved breakdown of pesticides. These factors rainfall amounts and intensities, in a solvent or water. A more soluble include permeability, organic matter slope, vegetative cover, temperature substance will move more easily in and depth of groundwater. and soil type. water through the soil. Soil permeability refers to how Groundwater is the water beneath Persistence is the ability of a easily or quickly a liquid will flow the earth’s surface, found in the spaces pesticide to remain present and active through the soil. Basically, the larger 16 Citrus Industry May 2015 the particles that make up the soil, the more permeable it is. A coarse sand is more permeable and porous than Available Now: fine sand or clay, and therefore more Ruby Red/Sour 7,000 prone to leaching. Hamlin/Sour 1,500 Valencia/Sour 1,500 Organic matter content has a Eric Nething (813) 477-4023 Robles/Sour 500 large impact on the water-holding [email protected] capacity and pesticide adsorption of Sunburst/Sour 500 Hamlin/Carrizo 500 the soil. Organic matter consists of Doug Holmberg (813) 335-8800 [email protected] Valencia/Carrizo 5,000 decomposed plant and animal material Navel/Carrizo 1,000 in the soil. Soils that are high in Lee/Carrizo 500 organic matter hold more water in the Rootstocks Hamlin/SWG 8,000 rooting zone, which results in a lower Available: Valencia/SWG 15,000 leaching potential. Sour orange x639 Red Navel/SWG 1,000 The depth of the groundwater has Honey Bell/SWG 1,000 Swingle us802 Ruby Red/F83 1,000 an effect on leaching as well. An area Carrizo us812 Honey Bell/F83 500 with a shallow water table and no shal- Cleo us897, us942 low restrictive hardpan has a higher chance of pesticides reaching the groundwater than an area with a deep 13430 Hobson Simmons Rd., Lithia, FL 33547 water table. Such a table has more ver- tical soil area, which is more favorable to pesticide adsorption and degrada- tion as it moves through the soil. The following management practices should be incorporated into every pesticide program to help Blue Goose has the people, prevent ground and surface-water contamination. experience and resources to improve your return on your investment EVALUATE THE SITE Now that you know how pesticides Growers Cutting Heavy equipment can move into water sources, you can • Installation services • Services for Agricultural and • Grove care evaluate the site as to its vulnerability • Hedging Commercial construction • Crop manage- • Excavation • Grading • Land clearing to pesticide contamination. The slope ment • Topping • Waterway maintenance – Water • Property • Skirting of the field in relation to lakes, ponds, control structure installation streams, canals and wetlands should management • Cross Hedging be assessed. If you find water bodies FORT PIERCE that are vulnerable, berms or banks 772-461-3020 Main Office Real estate between the surface-water bodies and 9901 Okeechobee Rd. 34945 • Leasing Services the application sites will reduce the ARCADIA CLEWISTON • Agricultural sales and purchases 863-993-9661 863-677-1125 chance of pollution from runoff. Also, 6057 Nichols St. 34266 2550 Witt Rd.. 33440 buffer zones such as grass borders can help in filtering between the application site and water bodies. The soil properties should also be evaluated for leaching potential, considering the texture, structure and organic matter content. Some pesticides may have restrictions on where they can be applied according to the soil properties. Always read the label carefully and follow label directions. A good resource to determine the soil characteristics is the Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey website Citrus Industry May 2015 17 (http://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda. USE INTEGRATED PEST PROPERLY CALCULATE, gov/App/HomePage.htm). If you MANAGEMENT CALIBRATE AND APPLY have a highly leachable soil, take extra Integrated pest management The key to an effective pest control precautions in preventing pesticide soil (IPM) is a comprehensive strategy program is to efficiently keep the exposure and, when possible, choose of pest control. The major objective pesticide on the target site in the pesticides that are less likely to leach. is to achieve desired levels of pest proper amount. Labeled rates should control in an environmentally never be exceeded. To help eliminate MONITOR THE WEATHER responsible manner, combining having to dispose of leftover spray AND IRRIGATION physical, chemical, cultural and mix, carefully calculate the amount Intense downpours or prolonged biological control methods. IPM of pesticide needed to treat the site. periods of rain affect runoff and combines understanding the causes Pesticide application equipment erosion rates to a large degree. Florida of pest outbreaks, manipulating the should be calibrated frequently to receives more than half of its annual crop ecosystem for pest control and assure the pesticide rates are being rainfall from June through September, monitoring pest populations and their applied within the desired application so extra care should be taken when life cycles to determine if and when levels. Sprayer equipment should applying pesticides during these wet the use of pesticides is necessary. be checked often for leaks and months. To help determine when to When pest monitoring malfunctions. Accurate calibration make pesticide applications, applicators shows pest levels have reached and properly working equipment will should check the weather forecast the threshold where pesticide help prevent pesticide contamination periodically during the day. If heavy application is necessary, choose of surface water and groundwater. downpours are predicted, pesticide pesticides with the least possible applications should be delayed until hazard to people and the USE EXTRA CARE WHILE favorable weather returns. Irrigation environment, and apply the lowest MIXING AND LOADING scheduling should be carefully rate required for adequate control. Mixing and loading require extra managed, taking into consideration Reducing the amount of pesticides care. The people who perform these when pesticide applications are made to applied lowers the risk of water tasks need to be attentive, responsible minimize runoff and leaching. pollution and the grower’s costs. and properly trained. When mixing and loading, the pesticide is in a concentrated form and is more toxic than when it is diluted in the application tank. Precautions should be taken to prevent spills and We keep you growing... overfilling that could cause water contamination. In many instances, mixing and loading is performed at the same locations on the farm, due to the location of water required for mixing. • Over thirty years of industry experience Repeated spills over months or years at the same location may exceed the soil’s capabilities to degrade • Florida’s largest citrus crop insurance provider or adsorb the pesticide, increasing the chances it will leach into the • Knowledgeable & professional service groundwater. Permanent or portable containment pads can be used to • Products for all your risk management needs avoid point-source pollution of groundwater such as that caused by pesticide soil saturation. If containment pads are not used, Carden & Associates, Inc. mixing and loading should be rotated 888.296.7533 toll free between many locations to reduce the [email protected] chances of pesticide buildup in the www.cardeninsurance.com soil. When choosing mix-and-load sites, check the soil for characteristics that are not conducive to leaching and carden runoff, and avoid mixing and loading within 300 feet of a well.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • What Is the Difference Between Pesticides, Insecticides and Herbicides? Pesticide Effects on Food Production
    What is the Difference Between Pesticides, Insecticides and Herbicides? Pesticides are chemicals that may be used to kill fungus, bacteria, insects, plant diseases, snails, slugs, or weeds among others. These chemicals can work by ingestion or by touch and death may occur immediately or over a long period of time. Insecticides are a type of pesticide that is used to specifically target and kill insects. Some insecticides include snail bait, ant killer, and wasp killer. Herbicides are used to kill undesirable plants or “weeds”. Some herbicides will kill all the plants they touch, while others are designed to target one species. Pesticide Effects on Food Production As the human population continues to grow, more and more crops are needed to meet this growing demand. This has increased the use of pesticides to increase crop yield per acre. For example, many farmers will plant a field with Soybeans and apply two doses of Roundup throughout the growing year to remove all other plants and prepare the field for next year’s crop. The Roundup is applied twice through the growing season to kill everything except the soybeans, which are modified to be pesticide resistant. After the soybeans are harvested, there is little vegetative cover on the field creating potential erosion issues for the reason that another crop can easily be planted. With this method, hundreds of gallons of chemicals are introduced into the environment every year. All these chemicals affect wildlife, insects, water quality and air quality. One greatly affected “good” insect are bees. Bees play a significant role in the pollination of the foods that we eat.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidance for POP Pesticides
    Guidance for POP pesticides 1. Background on POP pesticides POPs Pesticides originate almost entirely from anthropogenic sources and are associated largely with the manufacture, use and disposition of certain organic chemicals. Of the initial 12 POPs chemicals, eight are POPs pesticide. In the new POP list, five chemicals may be categorised as pesticides. These are alpha hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH), beta hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), Chlordecone, Lindane (gamma, 1,2,3,4,5,6- hexaclorocyclohexane) and Pentachlorobenzene. This module addresses baseline data gathering and assessment of POPs pesticides. Particular care is required to address DDT due to its use for vector control and Lindane due to its use for control of ecto-parasites in veterinary and human application, which may be under the responsibility of authorities other than those responsible for primarily agricultural chemicals. In addition, it is important that all uses of HCB, alpha hexachorocyclohexane, beta hexachlorocyclohexane and pentachlorobenzene (industrial as well as pesticide) be properly addressed. Specialists with knowledge of each of these areas might be included in the task teams. 2. Objective To review and summarize the production, use, import and export of the chemicals listed in Annex A and Annex B of the Convention (excluding other chemicals listed under Annex A and B which are not considered as pesticides). To gather information on stockpiles and wastes containing, or thought to contain, POPs pesticides. To assess the legal and institutional framework for control of the production, use, import, export and disposal of the chemicals listed in Annex A and Annex B (excluding other chemicals which are not classed as pesticides) of the Convention.
    [Show full text]
  • Reduce the Need for Pesticides and Herbicides
    Reduce Waste If not you, who? In your home If you’re looking for a way to BECOMING LESS CHEMICALLY DEPENDENT decrease your use of toxic chemi- cals in your home, take a look at how you handle unwanted pests. Reduce the The best method to control pests, such as bugs and rodents, inside your home is to keep them out by need for cleaning up crumbs and spills quickly. Instead of reaching for a pesticides can of toxic spray, grab a broom! and herbicides Pesticides (which includes insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides) are designed to kill weeds, insects, rodents, and mold. These chemi- cals can be poisonous and can pose a danger to animals and people, especially children. Keeping pests out of your home and yard in the Clean up food spills completely. first place eliminates the need for pesticides—and toxic chemicals— in your home and yard. In order to survive, pests (both the animal and plant varieties) need [ TIP food, water, and a place to live. ] In your yard * Keeping your lawn strong and healthy is the best way to care for your lawn without using a lot of pesticides. A strong and healthy lawn will minimize weeds from taking root or insects Store food in tightly sealed containers. from causing serious, permanent injury to the lawn. There are several easy steps you can take to maintain a healthy lawn and reduce the need for herbicides. • Leave your grass clippings on the lawn. Grass clippings can provide the equivalent of about one application of fer- tilizer per year.
    [Show full text]
  • Healthy Homes, Healthy Kids: How Farmworker Families Can Better Protect Their Home Environments from the Dangers of Pesticides and Lead
    Healthy Homes, Healthy Kids: How Farmworker Families Can Better Protect Their Home Environments from the Dangers of Pesticides and Lead A Training Curriculum for Lay Health Educators Objectives This training curriculum provides a framework for organizations to prepare promotores de salud to provide peer education on the dangers of lead poisoning, and exposure to pesticides from residential use and occupational take-home exposures. It reviews basic concepts related to the effects of pesticide and lead exposure on adults and children, how farmworkers can better protect their families and home environments from these dangers, and rights to a safe and healthy workplace. Part one focuses on pesticide exposures in the home and part two on lead exposures in the home. This curriculum briefly covers what it means to be a promotor de salud and how to be an effective community educator. It also includes a component on workplace health and safety laws for farmworkers. Training Information Schedule: There is sufficient material in this curriculum to be used over the course of a longer period, but the sample agenda provided at the beginning of this curriculum highlights material to be covered in two days. Variations in the schedule could include three to four day-long trainings, evening trainings that occur after promotores are finished with their daily work obligations, or a series of weekend trainings in which each topic would be covered separately. Facilitators should allow for significant preparation that should be done prior to the training. Participants: This training operates best with between six and 15 new and experienced promotores de salud.
    [Show full text]
  • The Home & Human Health Emerging Issues
    The Home & Human Health Emerging Issues Jerome A. Paulson, MD, FAAP Professor of Pediatrics & Public Health George Washington University Medical Director for National & Global Affairs Director, Mid-Atlantic Center for Children’s Health & the Environment Child Health Advocacy Institute Children’s National Medical Center Mid-Atlantic Center for Children’s Health & the Environment - MACCHE 06-08 Dr Paulson has NO conflicts of interest to declare. • This material was developed by the Mid-Atlantic Center for Children’s health & the Environment and funded under the cooperative agreement award number 1U61TS000118-03 from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). • Acknowledgement: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) supports the PEHSU by providing funds to ATSDR under Inter-Agency Agreement number DW-75-92301301-0. Neither EPA nor ATSDR endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in PEHSU publications. Mid-Atlantic Center for Children’s Health & the Environment - MACCHE VISION Mid-Atlantic Center for Children’s Health & the Environment - MACCHE MACCHE – A Resource for the Region • One of 10 Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units (PEHSUs) in the US • Serve DE. PA, MA, VA, WV, and DC • Source of Education • Source of Information PEHSU Regions The Mid-Atlantic Center for Children’s Health & the Environment What Kinds of Problems does MACCHE Deal With? • Lead poisoning • Exposure to hazardous • Pesticide exposures waste sites • Sick building problems • Environmentally related • Water pollution asthma • Air pollution • Agricultural pollutants • Job related exposures in • Solvents adolescents • Carbon monoxide • Volatile Organic • Arsenic Compounds • Mercury The Mid-Atlantic Center for Children’s Health & the Environment MACCHE – Contact Information • www.childrensnational.org/MACCHE • [email protected] • 202-471-4829 • 866-622-2341 Objectives • Upon completion of this activity, the participant should be able to: Recognize the impact of the home environment on the health of children.
    [Show full text]
  • Pesticides and Toxic Substances
    UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON D.C., 20460 OFFICE OF PREVENTION, PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES MEMORANDUM DATE: July 31, 2006 SUBJECT: Finalization of Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (IREDs) and Interim Tolerance Reassessment and Risk Management Decisions (TREDs) for the Organophosphate Pesticides, and Completion of the Tolerance Reassessment and Reregistration Eligibility Process for the Organophosphate Pesticides FROM: Debra Edwards, Director Special Review and Reregistration Division Office of Pesticide Programs TO: Jim Jones, Director Office of Pesticide Programs As you know, EPA has completed its assessment of the cumulative risks from the organophosphate (OP) class of pesticides as required by the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. In addition, the individual OPs have also been subject to review through the individual- chemical review process. The Agency’s review of individual OPs has resulted in the issuance of Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (IREDs) for 22 OPs, interim Tolerance Reassessment and Risk Management Decisions (TREDs) for 8 OPs, and a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for one OP, malathion.1 These 31 OPs are listed in Appendix A. EPA has concluded, after completing its assessment of the cumulative risks associated with exposures to all of the OPs, that: (1) the pesticides covered by the IREDs that were pending the results of the OP cumulative assessment (listed in Attachment A) are indeed eligible for reregistration; and 1 Malathion is included in the OP cumulative assessment. However, the Agency has issued a RED for malathion, rather than an IRED, because the decision was signed on the same day as the completion of the OP cumulative assessment.
    [Show full text]
  • Persistent Organic Pollutants
    PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS An Assessment Report on: DDT-Aldrin-Dieldrin-Endrin-Chlordane Heptachlor-Hexachlorobenzene Mirex-Toxaphene Polychlorinated Biphenyls Dioxins and Furans Prepared by: L. Ritter, K.R. Solomon, J. Forget Canadian Network of Toxicology Centres 620 Gordon Street Guelph ON Canada and M. Stemeroff and C.O'Leary Deloitte and Touche Consulting Group 98 Macdonell St., Guelph ON Canada For: The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) within the framework of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) This report is produced for the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS). The work is carried out within the framework of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC). The report does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, or the World Health Organization. The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization. The main objective of the IPCS is to carry out and disseminate evaluations of the effects of chemicals on human health and the quality of the environment. Supporting activities include the development of epidemiological, experimental laboratory, and risk-assessment methods that could produce internationally comparable results, and the development of human resources in the field of chemical safety. Other activities carried out by the IPCS include the development of know-how for coping with chemical accidents, strengthening capabilities for prevention of an response to chemical accidents and their follow-up, coordination of laboratory testing and epidemiological studies, and promotion of research on the mechanisms of the biological action of chemicals.
    [Show full text]
  • Lists for Pesticide Management
    Rainforest Alliance Lists for Pesticide Management Lists of Prohibited and Risk Mitigation Use Pesticides July, 2017 Version 1.3 D.R. © 2017 Red de Agricultura Sostenible, A.C. This document is provided by Red de Agricultura Sostenible, A.C. (also known as Sustainable Agriculture Network) to Rainforest Alliance, Inc. and/or to its successors, under the terms and subject to the limitations set forth in the perpetual, exclusive, non-transferrable license granted by Red de Agricultura Sostenible, A.C. in favor of Rainforest Alliance, Inc., or its successors under the terms and conditions set forth in an agreement between the parties (the “Agreement”), in the understanding that: 1. All content of this document, including, but not limited to text, logos, if any, graphics, photographs, trade names, etc. of Red de Agricultura Sostenible, A.C, is subject to copyright protection in favor of the Red de Agricultura Sostenible, A.C. and third party owners who have duly authorized the inclusion of their work, under the provisions of the Mexican Federal Law on Copyright (Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor) and other related national and / or international laws. The Rainforest Alliance name and trademarks are the sole property of Rainforest Alliance. 2. Rainforest Alliance, Inc., and / or its successors, shall only use the copyrighted material under the terms and conditions of the Agreement. 3. Under no circumstance shall it be understood that a license, of any kind, over this document has been granted to any third party different from Rainforest Alliance, Inc., or its successors. 4. Except for the terms and conditions set forth in the Agreement, under no circumstance shall it be understood that Red de Agricultura Sostenible, A.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Cueva® Fungicide Concentrate Flowable Liquid Copper Fungicide
    Cueva® Fungicide Concentrate Flowable Liquid Copper Fungicide Intended for Commercial Use Only Can be used up to the day of harvest ACTIVE INGREDIENT: Net Contents: 2.5 gallons Copper Octanoate (Copper Soap) ................................................................................. 10.0% CAS Reg. No. 20543-04-8 EPA REG. NO. 67702-2-70051 OTHER INGREDIENTS .................................................................................................... 90.0% EPA EST. NO. 48498-CA-1 TOTAL............................................................................................................................. 100.0% BATCH CODE metallic copper equivalent 1.8% one gallon contains 0.16 lbs. metallic copper equivalent Manufactured for Certis USA L.L.C. 9145 Guilford Rd, Suite 175 KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN Columbia, MD 21046 CAUTION Cueva® is a trademark of See Inside Booklet for Additional Precautionary Statements, Directions for Use, and W. Neudorff GmbH KG Storage and Disposal Instructions FIRST AID IF IN EYES • Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15-20 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes, then continue Sold under a license of W. Neudorff GmbH KG rinsing eye. Postfach 1209 An der Mühle 3 • Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. D-318680 Emmerthal, Germany IF ON SKIN • Take off contaminated clothing. Item code: 152100 OR CLOTHING • Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for 15-20 minutes. Package code: 550004 • Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. Art code: 152100-40-C2-71712 IF • Call a poison control center or doctor immediately for treatment advice. SWALLOWED • Have person sip a glass of water if able to swallow. • Do not induce vomiting unless told to by a poison control center or doctor.
    [Show full text]
  • FORESTS and GENETICALLY MODIFIED TREES FORESTS and GENETICALLY MODIFIED TREES
    FORESTS and GENETICALLY MODIFIED TREES FORESTS and GENETICALLY MODIFIED TREES FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2010 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. All rights reserved. FAO encourages the reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. © FAO 2010 iii Contents Foreword iv Contributors vi Acronyms ix Part 1. THE SCIENCE OF GENETIC MODIFICATION IN FOREST TREES 1. Genetic modification as a component of forest biotechnology 3 C.
    [Show full text]
  • C:\...\Methamidophos IRED [PFP#921936905]
    UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 OFFICE OF PREVENTION, PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES April 7, 2002 CERTIFIED MAIL Dear Registrant: This is to inform you that the Environmental Protection Agency (hereafter referred to as EPA or the Agency) has completed its review of the available data and public comments received related to the preliminary and revised risk assessments for the organophosphate pesticide methamidophos. The public comment period on the revised risk assessment phase of the reregistration process is closed. Based on comments received during the public comment period and additional data received from the registrant, the Agency revised the human health and environmental effects risk assessments and made them available to the public on February 3, 2000. Additionally, the Agency held a Technical Briefing on February 3, 2000, where the results of the revised human health and environmental effects risk assessments were presented to the general public. This Technical Briefing concluded Phase 4 of the OP Public Participation Pilot Process developed by the Tolerance Reassessment Advisory Committee, and initiated Phase 5 of that process. During Phase 5, all interested parties were invited to participate and provide comments and suggestions on ways the Agency might mitigate the estimated risks presented in the revised risk assessments. This public participation and comment period commenced on February 22, 2000 , and closed on April 22, 2000. Based on its review, EPA has identified risk mitigation measures that the Agency believes mitigation measures are necessary to address the human health and environmental risks associated with the current use of methamidophos. The EPA is now publishing its interim decision on the reregistration eligibility of and risk management decision for the current uses of methamidophos and its associated human health and environmental risks.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Pollution from Agriculture: a Global Review
    LED BY Water pollution from agriculture: a global review Executive summary © FAO & IWMI, 2017 I7754EN/1/08.17 Water pollution from agriculture: a global review Executive summary by Javier Mateo-Sagasta (IWMI), Sara Marjani Zadeh (FAO) and Hugh Turral with contributions from Jacob Burke (formerly FAO) Published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2017 and the International Water Management Institute on behalf of the Water Land and Ecosystems research program Colombo, 2017 FAO and IWMI encourage the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO and IWMI as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s and IWMI’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence- request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/ publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]” © FAO and IWMI, 2017 Cover photograph: © Jim Holmes/IWMI Neil Palmer (IWMI) A GLOBAL WATER-QUALITY CRISIS AND THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE Water pollution is a global challenge that has increased in both developed and developing countries, undermining economic growth as well as the physical and environmental health of billions of people.
    [Show full text]