DOCSLIB.ORG

Biodiversity and Land Systems

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biodiversity and Land Systems ISSN 2316-3747 NEWSLETTER OF THE GLOBAL 12 LAND PROJECT GLP - A joint research project of IGBP & Future Earth ISSUE Nº 12 | NOVEMBER 2015 Biodiversity and Land Systems PERSPECTIVE A new focus for ecological restoration: management of degraded forest remnants in fragmented landscapes 1 NEWS | NOVEMBER 2015 NEWS | NOVEMBER GLP Land use and land cover change is the major driver of biodiversity loss in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, making the management and governance of land systems a key parameter in conserving and sustaining biodiversity. This issue gathers 16 contributions dealing with the relations between biodiversity and land systems from very diverse thematic and regional perspectives. Photo by: Fabiano M. Scarpa Fabiano by: Photo Scientific Steering Committee – SSC Peter Verburg (Chair of GLP, 2011-2016) Institute for Environmental Studies - VU University Amsterdam 12 De Boelelaan 1087 - 1081 HV Amsterdam - Netherlands Email: [email protected] Roy Rinku Chowdburry School of Geography Clark University Worcester, MA 01610-1477 Email: [email protected] Patrick Meyfroidt SST/ELI - Earth and Life Institute (ELI) - ELIC - Earth & Climate (ELIC) - Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) ELIC - Place Louis Pasteur 3 bte - L4.03.08 à 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve - Belgium Email: [email protected] Allison M. Thomson Joint Global Change Research Institute 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500 College Park, MD 20740 Email: [email protected] Souleymane Konaté Research Pole on Environment and Sustainable Development. University of Nangui Abrogoua (Ex- Abobo-Adjamé), UFR-SN. 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire Email: [email protected] | [email protected] Karlheinz Erb Coverpage Institute for Social Ecology - University of Klagenfurt Schottenfeldgasse 29/5t - A-1070 Vienna - Austria Vereda ecosystem in Email: [email protected] the Brazilian Cerrado - a biodiversity hotspot Nancy Golubiewski Photo by Fabiano M. Scarpa Land Use Carbon Analysis System (LUCAS) - Ministry for the Environment – Manatu Mo Te Taiao 23 Kate Sheppard Place, PO Box 10362, Wellington 6143 - New Zeland Email: [email protected] GLP News is a newsletter of the Global Land Project Jonathan Morgan Grove Northern Research Station - USDA Forest Service Editors: 5200 Westland Blvd. TRC 171 - MD 21227, Baltimore - United States of America Sébastien Boillat 2 Email: [email protected] Fabiano Micheletto Scarpa Andreas Heinimann Centre for Development and Environment - University of Berne Peter Verburg Hallerstrasse 10, 3012 Bern, Switzerland Jean Pierre Henry Email: [email protected] Balbaud Ometto Harini Nagendra Azim Premi University - PES Institute of Technology Campus International Project Electronics City, Hosur Road, Bangalore - India Email: [email protected] Office - GLP IPO National Institute for Erle C. Ellis NEWS | NOVEMBER 2015 NEWS | NOVEMBER Space Research - INPE Dept. of Geography & Environmental Systems - University of Maryland GLP 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 - United States of America Earth System Science Centre - CCST Email: [email protected] Av. dos Astronautas, 1758 Lin Zhen CCST Building, 1st Floor, Room 22 Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese - Academy of Sciences Jd. Granja - 12227-010 Deputy Director of Research Unit for Resource Ecology and Biomass Resources São José dos Campos 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101- PR China São Paulo - Brazil Email: [email protected], [email protected] Office phone: +55 12 3208 7938 Neville D. Crossman www.globallandproject.org Senior Research Scientist, Team Leader, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Private Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064 - Australia Email: [email protected] Dr. Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud Ometto Ole Mertz INPE Liason Researcher Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K. - Denmark Office phone: +55 12 3208 7903 Email: [email protected] Patrick H. Hostert Dr. Sébastien Boillat Head of Geomatics Lab, Deputy Director of Geography Department Executive Officer Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Geography Department / Geomatics Lab Office phone: +55 12 3208 7931 Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin - Germany Email: [email protected] Dr. Fabiano Micheletto Scarpa Héctor Ricardo Grau Project Officer Instituto de Ecología Regional - Universidad Nacional de Tucumán-CONICET Office phone: +55 12 3208 7942 Casilla de Correo 34, (4107) Yerba Buena, Tucumán - Argentina Email: [email protected] EDITORIAL Biodiversity and Land Systems Nearly 30 years ago, the term biodiversity became and halt and reverse land degradation and halt widely used after a publication by Edward O. Wilson biodiversity loss” (ICSU, ISSC, 2015) is of particular in 1988 and was formally defined by the Convention interest to address the relationships between on Biological Diversity enacted 1992 in Rio de biodiversity and land systems. Another entry point Janeiro, Brazil. Despite many efforts performed to protect biodiversity is the soil conservation and since then by international organizations, management agenda, with 2015 declared the governments, civil society and the private sector International Year of Soils, and the observation to conserve biodiversity and manage it sustainably, that about 25% of the world´s arable land is the remaining challenges are huge. The process of degraded affecting food security and ecosystem massive and acute modification of the Earth system functioning (Ahukaemere et.al. 2012). In this started at the Industrial Revolution in the 18th issue, we present original contributions of the GLP Century is still under way. Human activities have community dealing with the relations between particularly intensified since the last 50 years, as biodiversity and land systems from very diverse population and consumption standards continue thematic and regional perspectives. Biodiversity to grow. These activities include urbanization and hotspots are natural environments that are conversion of natural ecosystems into agricultural crucial for conservation purposes as they host areas, pasture and industrial crops to supply human high levels of endemism and have been reduced needs for food, fuel and fiber, leading to habitat to at least 60% of their original area. Thirty-five destruction for many species (Haines-Young, biodiversity hotspots have been identified to date, 2009; Mantyka-Pringle, 2015). It is estimated that representing 2,3 % of the land surface (Marchese, biodiversity loss is currently happening at a rate that 2015). In this magazine four studies were ranges between 1000 and 10,000 times higher than conducted in such areas, the Atlantic rainforest, the natural extinction rate (Benn, 2010; De Vos et al. the Afromontane and Coastal forests of Eastern 2014, Mantyka-Pringle, 2015) and is already beyond Africa, Madagascar, and Western Australia. R. Viani 3 the safe limits (Rockstrom 2009). Consequences are and colleagues show their findings related to the serious as biodiversity is strongly linked to benefits restoration of a remnant of the Atlantic rainforest associated to ecosystems and human wellbeing in southeastern Brazil. C. Capitani and colleagues (ecosystem services) including preservation of stress on the effects of land use and climate water resources, provision of pollinators for crops, change in the forests of Kenya and Tanzania. pest control, discovery of new medicines, timber, J. C. Llopis, C. J. Gardner and X. Vincke focus on soil conservation, recycling of nutrients, and climate the problems regarding land-cover change in the regulation (Cardinale et.al. 2012). spiny forests of Madagascar. Finally, H. Lambers To address these urgent issues, biodiversity discusses the threats a megadiverse region - 2015 NEWS | NOVEMBER Southwest Australia - is facing. conservation and management has gradually GLP switched from a disciplinary approach centered on Several additional studies address the drivers the conservation of single species, to more systemic of land cover change and their implications and interdisciplinary approaches that address for biodiversity. P. Fearnside writes about the biodiversity as part of complex social-ecological expansion of soybean production in the Amazon systems. In this framework, land use and land cover- rainforest and its relationship with deforestation. change (LULCC) has been identified as the major The interaction between humans and ecosystems driver of biodiversity loss in terrestrial ecosystems in the Amboseli region, Kenya is discussed by C. worldwide (Nagendra et al. 2013), making the J. C. Mustaphi, A. C. Shoemaker and R. Marchant. management and governance of land systems a key A. Ovando, G. Tejada and J. Tomasella show parameter in conserving and sustaining biodiversity. the effects of land cover change on hydrology More holistic and integrative approaches to the of the Bolivian Amazon lowlands. The effects conservation and management of biodiversity of agriculture abandonment and fire on forest are reflected in recent international normative succession in Kaluzhskie Zaseki State Nature frameworks, such as the Sustainable Development Reserve, Russia is shown by M. Bobrovsky and L. Goals launched this year by the United Nations, which Khanina. Land change affecting ecosystems and set up ambitious goals in terms of the achievement water resources was assessed by J. Helmschrot of sustainable development at global scale. The and colleagues. goal number 15 which aims
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Size Class Structure, Growth Rates, and Orientation of the Central Andean Cushion Azorella Compacta
    Size class structure, growth rates, and orientation of the central Andean cushion Azorella compacta Catherine Kleier1, Tim Trenary2, Eric A. Graham3, William Stenzel4 and Philip W. Rundel5 1 Department of Biology, Regis University, Denver, CO, USA 2 Department of Mathematics, Regis University, Denver, CO, USA 3 Nexleaf Analytics, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4 Department of Computer Information Systems, Metropolitan State University, Denver, CO, USA 5 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA ABSTRACT Azorella compacta (llareta; Apiaceae) forms dense, woody, cushions and characterizes the high elevation rocky slopes of the central Andean Altiplano. Field studies of an elevational gradient of A. compacta within Lauca National Park in northern Chile found a reverse J-shape distribution of size classes of individuals with abundant small plants at all elevations. A new elevational limit for A. compacta was established at 5,250 m. A series of cushions marked 14 years earlier showed either slight shrinkage or small degrees of growth up to 2.2 cm yr−1. Despite their irregularity in growth, cushions of A. compacta show a strong orientation, centered on a north-facing aspect and angle of about 20◦ from horizontal. This exposure to maximize solar irradiance closely matches previous observations of a population favoring north-facing slopes at a similar angle. Populations of A. compacta appear to be stable, or even expanding, with young plants abundant. Subjects Ecology Keywords Andes, Parque Nacional Lauca, Growth rate, Cushion plant, Puna Submitted 19 November 2014 Accepted 27 February 2015 Published 17 March 2015 INTRODUCTION Azorella compacta (Apiaceae), a large woody cushion plant, forms an iconic species of the Corresponding author Catherine Kleier, [email protected] Altiplano Plateau of northern Chile, Bolivia, Argentina, and Peru (Kleier& Rundel, 2004 ).
    [Show full text]
  • Chilean Blind Spots in Soil Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function Research
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.24.449754; this version posted June 25, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Chilean blind spots in soil biodiversity and ecosystem function research 2 3 César Marín1*, Javiera Rubio2, Roberto Godoy3 4 5 1Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic. 6 2Escuela de Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s/n, 7 5090000, Valdivia, Chile. 3Instituto Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, 8 Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s/n, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile. 9 10 *Corresponding author: César Marín, E-mail: [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.24.449754; this version posted June 25, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 11 Abstract 12 Soil harbor up to a quarter of the world’s biodiversity, contributing to many ecosystem functions. It is 13 of great importance to identify distribution patterns of soil organisms and their ecosystem functions to 14 support their conservation and policy building. This has been recently analyzed at macroecological 15 scales, but analyses at national/local scales are scarce.
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Ecology and Conservation in Peru's High Andean Petlands Richard Edward Gibbons Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2012 Bird ecology and conservation in Peru's high Andean petlands Richard Edward Gibbons Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Recommended Citation Gibbons, Richard Edward, "Bird ecology and conservation in Peru's high Andean petlands" (2012). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2338. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2338 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. BIRD ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION IN PERU’S HIGH ANDEAN PEATLANDS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Biological Sciences by Richard Edward Gibbons B.A., Centenary College of Louisiana, 1995 M.S., Texas A&M University at Corpus Christi, 2004 May 2012 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the sacrifice and support of my wife Kimberly Vetter and her family. She will forever have my gratitude and respect for sharing this journey with me. My advisor Dr. J. V. Remsen, Jr. is acknowledged for his incredible knack for identifying the strengths and weaknesses in proposals and manuscripts. His willingness to let me flail about in my search for answers surely has helped make me a better researcher.
    [Show full text]
  • Tesis Fernando Daniel Alfaro
    PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE CHILE Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas Mención Ecología TESIS DOCTORAL Causes and consequences of Nitrogen limited chronosequences: evidence from the Andean Dry Puna Por FERNANDO DANIEL ALFARO AYLLON Marzo 2014 i PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE CHILE Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas Mención Ecología Causes and consequences of Nitrogen limited chronosequences: evidence from the Andean Dry Puna Tesis presentada a la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile como parte de los requisitos para optar al grado de Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas con mención en Ecología. Por FERNANDO DANIEL ALFARO AYLLON Director de tesis: Pablo A. Marquet Co-Director de tesis Aurora Gaxiola Comisión de tesis: Juan Armesto Ramiro Bustamante Marzo 2014 ii PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE CHILE Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas Mención Ecología La defensa final de la tesis Doctoral titulada: Causes and consequences of Nitrogen limited chronosequences: evidence from the Andean Dry Puna Presentada por el candidato a Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas Mención Ecología FERNANDO DANIEL ALFARO AYLLON Ha sido aprobada por el Tribunal Examinador, constituido por los profesores abajo firmantes, calificándose el trabajo realizado, el manuscrito sometido y la defensa oral con nota ___________ Dr. Pablo A. Marquet Dr. Juan A. Correa M. Director de Tesis Decano Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas-PUC Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas-PUC Dr. Aurora Gaxiola Dr. Juan Armesto Co-director de Tesis Miembro Comisión de Tesis Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas-PUC Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas-PUC Dr. Claudio Latorre Dr. Ramiro Bustamante Jefe de la Mención Miembro Externo Comisión de Tesis Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas-PUC Universidad de Chile Santiago de Chile, 14 de Marzo de 2014 iii INDICE RESUMEN.……………………...…………….………………………………………… viii INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL….………………………………………………..………..
    [Show full text]
  • A Conservation Assessment of the Terrestrial Ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean
    A Conservation Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized of the Terrestrial Ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Eric Dinerstein David M. Olson Douglas ). Graham Avis L. Webster Steven A. Primm Marnie P. Bookbinder George Ledec Public Disclosure Authorized r Published in association with The World Wildlife Fund The World Bank WWF Washington, D.C. A ConservationAssessment of the TerrestrialEcoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean A Conservation Assessment of the Terrestrial Ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean Eric Dinerstein David M. Olson Douglas J. Graham Avis L. Webster Steven A. Primm Marnie P. Bookbinder George Ledec Published in association with The World Wildlife Fund The World Bank Washington, D.C. © 1995 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing September 1995 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this study are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organiza- tions, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • A Spatial Analysis Approach to the Global Delineation of Dryland Areas of Relevance to the CBD Programme of Work on Dry and Subhumid Lands
    A spatial analysis approach to the global delineation of dryland areas of relevance to the CBD Programme of Work on Dry and Subhumid Lands Prepared by Levke Sörensen at the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre Cambridge, UK January 2007 This report was prepared at the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). The lead author is Levke Sörensen, scholar of the Carlo Schmid Programme of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). Acknowledgements This report benefited from major support from Peter Herkenrath, Lera Miles and Corinna Ravilious. UNEP-WCMC is also grateful for the contributions of and discussions with Jaime Webbe, Programme Officer, Dry and Subhumid Lands, at the CBD Secretariat. Disclaimer The contents of the map presented here do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP-WCMC or contributory organizations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP-WCMC or contributory organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 3 Table of contents Acknowledgements............................................................................................3 Disclaimer ...........................................................................................................3 List of tables, annexes and maps .....................................................................5 Abbreviations
    [Show full text]
  • 082.Informe Final GAP-Chile 2010-03-25.Pdf
    INSTITUTO DE ECOLOGÍA Y CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS AVANZADOS EN BIODIVERSIDAD (IEB) ZONAS ARIDAS (CEAZA) www.ieb-chile.cl www.ceaza.cl INFORME FINAL Estudio de Análisis de Omisiones y Vacíos de Representatividad en los Esfuerzos de Conservación de la Biodiversidad en Chile [GAP-Chile 2009] (Licitación N° 1588-76-LE09) 25 de Marzo 2010 INSTITUTO DE ECOLOGÍA Y BIODIVERSIDAD (IEB) www.ieb-chile.cl I E B INFORME FINAL Estudio de Análisis de Omisiones y Vacíos de Representatividad en los Esfuerzos de Conservación de la Biodiversidad en Chile GAP-Chile 2009 (Licitación N° 1588-76-LE09) Equipo de Trabajo Dr. Francisco A. Squeo (ULS-CEAZA-IEB, Jefe de Proyecto, Biología de la Conservación) MSc. Luis Letelier (IEB, Ecología Vegetal) Dr. Carlos F. Gaymer (UCN-CEAZA, Ecología y Conservación Marina) Dra. Alexandra Stoll (CEAZA-ULS-IEB, Servicios Ecosistémicos) Dra. Cecilia Smith (IEB-Senda Darwin, Ecología) MSc. Sandra Miethke (Consultora, Conservación Marina) Dra. Geogina Cundill (CEAZA-ULS, Ecología Social) Dr. Stefaan Lhermitte (CEAZA-ULS, Sensores Remotos) Dr. Pablo Marquet (PUC-CASEB-IEB, Ecología Animal) Dr. Horacio A. Samaniego (U.Austral, Ecología Animal) Dr(c) Pablo Guerrero (U.Chile-IEB, Biología de la Conservación) Prof. Gina Arancio (ULS-IEB, Botánica) MSc. Alicia Marticorena (U.Concepción, Taxonomía Vegetal) MSc David López (CEAZA-ULS, especialista SIG) Dr(c) Karina Martínez (U.La Serena-IEB, Biología de la Conservación) Corporación Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB) Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago [email protected] – Fono 51-204369 www.ieb-chile.cl INSTITUTO DE ECOLOGÍA Y BIODIVERSIDAD (IEB) www.ieb-chile.cl I E B ÍNDICE 1 RESUMEN 1 2 INTRODUCCIÓN 3 3 OBJETIVO GENERAL DEL ESTUDIO 6 4 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS DEL ESTUDIO 6 5 METODOLOGÍA 7 A) Área de estudio y escala 8 B) Elementos de Biodiversidad 8 C) Metas de conservación 10 D) Costo de conservación 10 E) Unidades de Conservación 11 F) Escenarios 11 G) Análisis GAP (vacíos y omisiones de conservación) y 13 Portafolios de conservación H) Bases de datos 15 6 RESULTADOS 17 6.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Plant Community Variation Across a Puna Landscape in the Chilean Andes
    Revista Chilena de Historia Natural ISSN: 0716-078X [email protected] Sociedad de Biología de Chile Chile LAMBRINOS, JOHN G.; KLEIER, CATHERINE C.; RUNDEL, PHILIP W. Plant community variation across a puna landscape in the Chilean Andes Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, vol. 79, núm. 2, 2006, pp. 233-243 Sociedad de Biología de Chile Santiago, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=369944278009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative HIGH PUNA VEGETATION; ALTA VEGETACIÓN DELRevista PUNA Chilena de Historia Natural233 79: 233-243, 2006 Plant community variation across a puna landscape in the Chilean Andes Variación en la comunidad vegetal de un paisaje de puna en los Andes chilenos JOHN G. LAMBRINOS1,2*, CATHERINE C. KLEIER1,3 & PHILIP W. RUNDEL1 1 Department of Organismic Biology, Ecology and Evolution, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1606, USA 2 Present address: Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-7304, USA 3 Present Address: Department of Biology, Regis University, 3333 Regis Boulevard, Denver, Colorado 80221, USA; * e-mail for correspondence: [email protected] ABSTRACT We describe patterns of plant species and growth form abundance in the puna vegetation of Parque Nacional Lauca, Chile. At more than 4,300 m, the extreme habitat of the study site supported relatively few species. These few species, however, represented a diverse array of growth forms that were organized with respect to distinct environmental gradients.
    [Show full text]
  • OCO-2 Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Variability Across Ecoregions of the Amazon Basin and the Extreme Drought Effects of El Niño (2015–2016)
    remote sensing Article OCO-2 Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Variability across Ecoregions of the Amazon Basin and the Extreme Drought Effects of El Niño (2015–2016) Antony Oswaldo Castro 1,* , Jia Chen 2 , Christian S. Zang 1 , Ankit Shekhar 2,3 , Juan Carlos Jimenez 4 , Shrutilipi Bhattacharjee 2, Mengistie Kindu 1 , Victor Hugo Morales 5 and Anja Rammig 1 1 Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany; [email protected] (C.S.Z.); [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (A.R.) 2 Technical University of Munich, TUM Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 80333 Munich, Germany; [email protected] (J.C.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (S.B.) 3 ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland 4 University of Valencia, Global Change Unit, Image Processing Laboratory, 46003 Valencia, Spain; [email protected] 5 EARTH University, Center of Geomatics and Remote Detection, Mercedes 70602, Costa Rica; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 14 January 2020; Accepted: 4 April 2020; Published: 8 April 2020 Abstract: Amazonian ecosystems are major biodiversity hotspots and carbon sinks that may lose species to extinction and become carbon sources due to extreme dry or warm conditions. We investigated the seasonal patterns of high-resolution solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) measured by the satellite Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) across the Amazonian ecoregions to assess the area´s phenology and extreme drought vulnerability. SIF is an indicator of the photosynthetic activity of chlorophyll molecules and is assumed to be directly related to gross primary production (GPP).
    [Show full text]
  • Highlands and Drylands Mountains, a Source of Resilience in Arid Regions Highlands and Drylands Mountains, a Source of Resilience in Arid Regions
    Highlands and Drylands Mountains, a source of resilience in arid regions Highlands and Drylands Mountains, a source of resilience in arid regions 2011 Published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Centre for Development and Environment of the University of Bern The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the ex- pression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. ISBN: 978-92-5-106891-5 All rights reserved. FAO encourages the reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licenses, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) 68198 CONCEPT STAGE Project Name Design and Implementation of a Biodiversity Management System in the Ministry of Public Work Public Disclosure Authorized Region LAC Sector Environment Project ID P108740 Borrower(s)/Recipient Ministry of Public Works Implementing Agency Ministry of Public Works /Biodiversa Foundation (co- implementing) Environment Category [ ]A [ ]B [ X ]C [ ]FI [ ]TBD (to be determined) Date PID Prepared October 28,2010 Estimated Date of December 30, 2010 Appraisal Authorization Estimated Date of Board N.A. Approval Public Disclosure Authorized Key development issues and rationale for Bank involvement 1. Chile is the most stable and competitive economy in South America. This competitiveness has traditionally been based on aggressively focusing on extremely efficient roads and irrigation systems. The country has rapidly recovered from the economic slowdown and financial crisis in the late 90s, has doubled per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) since 1990 and cut poverty by more than half. At the core of this trend are the country’s determined commitment to prudent economic management, sound, consensual governance, and proactive social investments. The Chilean Government has pursued a coherent development program built around equality of opportunity; it is aimed at accelerating growth, expanding global commercial Public Disclosure Authorized linkages, improving education, safeguarding natural resources, and strengthening competitiveness while addressing acute and longstanding social problems. 2. The Chilean government has placed great importance on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)’s decision to accept the country as an official member. The World Bank, through its IBRD-IFC Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) is helping support the government on this, in particular, to help realize Chile’s goal to achieve OECD income levels as well as living and environmental standards, thus committing to both growth and social equity.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Future Land Use-Biodiversity-Climate Nexus in East Africa: an Application of Participatory Scenario Analysis
    This is a repository copy of Exploring the future land use-biodiversity-climate nexus in East Africa: an application of participatory scenario analysis. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/92184/ Version: Published Version Article: Capitani, Claudia, Norfolk, Olivia, Platts, Philip John orcid.org/0000-0002-0153-0121 et al. (5 more authors) (2015) Exploring the future land use-biodiversity-climate nexus in East Africa: an application of participatory scenario analysis. GLP News. pp. 10-13. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ ISSN 2316-3747 NEWSLETTER OF THE GLOBAL 12 LAND PROJECT GLP - A joint research project of IGBP & Future Earth ISSUE Nº 12 | NOVEMBER 2015 Biodiversity and Land Systems PERSPECTIVE A new focus for ecological restoration: management of degraded forest remnants in fragmented landscapes 1 NEWS | NOVEMBER 2015 NEWS | NOVEMBER GLP Land use and land cover change is the major driver of biodiversity loss in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, making the management and governance of land systems a key parameter in conserving and sustaining biodiversity.
    [Show full text]