SAMPLE OF ORGANIZATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEALS
AARREC CWS Humedica MENTOR TGH ACF DanChurchAid IA MERLIN UMCOR ACTED DDG ILO Muslim Aid UNAIDS ADRA Diakonie Emerg. Aid IMC NCA UNDP Africare DRC INTERMON NPA UNDSS AMI-FFrance EM-DH Inteernews NRC UNEP ARC FAO INTERSOS OCHA UNESCO ASB FAR IOM OHCHR UNFPA ASI FHI IPHD OXFAM UN-HABITAT AVSI FinnChurchAid IR PA UNHCR CARE FSD IRC PACT UNICEF CARITAS GAA IRD PAI UNIFEM CEMIR International GOAL IRIN Plan UNJLC CESVI GTZ IRW PMU-I UNMAS CFA GVC Islamic Relief Première Urgence UNOPS CHF Handicap JOIN RC/Germany UNRWA CHFI International JRS RCO VIS CISV HealthNet TPO LWF Samaritan's Purse WFP CMA HELP Malaria Consortium Save the Children WHO CONCERN HelpAge Malteser SECADEV World Concern COOPI International Mercy Corps Solidarités World Relief CORDAID HKI MDA SUDO WV COSV Horn Relief MDM TEARFUND ZOA CRS HT MEDAIR
Table of Contents
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 Humanitarian Dashboard...... 3 Table I. Requirements per cluster ...... 5 Table II. Requirements per priority level ...... 5 Table III. Requirements per organization ...... 6
2. 2011 IN REVIEW ...... 7 2.1 Changes in the context ...... 7 2.2 Achievement of 2011 strategic objectives and lessons learned ...... 10 2.3 Summary of 2011 cluster targets, achievements and lessons learned ...... 11 2.4 Review of humanitarian funding ...... 21 2.5 Review of humanitarian coordination ...... 22
3. NEEDS ANALYSIS ...... 25 3.1 Underlying factors of the emergency ...... 25 3.2 Humanitarian caseload ...... 25 3.3 Priority humanitarian needs ...... 28
4. THE 2012 COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN ...... 31 4.1 Scenarios...... 31 4.2 The humanitarian strategy ...... 33 4.3 Strategic objectives and indicators for humanitarian action in 2012 ...... 34 4.4 Criteria for selection and prioritization of projects ...... 35 4.5 Cluster response plans ...... 38 4.5.1 Camp Coordination and Camp Management ...... 38 4.5.2 Coordination ...... 41 4.5.3 Early Recovery ...... 44 4.5.4 Education ...... 48 4.5.5 Food Security and Agriculture ...... 53 4.5.6 Health ...... 59 4.5.7 Nutrition ...... 63 4.5.8 Protection ...... 69 4.5.9 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene ...... 78 4.6 Logical framework of humanitarian action plan ...... 83 4.7 Cross-cutting issues ...... 87 4.8 Roles and responsibilities ...... 87
5. CONCLUSION ...... 90
ANNEX I: LIST OF PROJECTS ...... 91
ANNEX II: ADDITIONAL BASIC HUMANITARIAN AND DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS FOR THE PHILIPPINES . 94
ANNEX III: NEEDS ASSESSMENT REFERENCE LIST ...... 98
ANNEX IV: MAPS ...... 100
ANNEX V: PROGRAMMES THAT COVER NEEDS RELEVANT TO AND OUTSIDE THE SCOPE OF THE HAP ...... 109
ANNEX VI: DONOR RESPONSE TO THE 2011 HAP ...... 112 Table IV. Requirements and funding per cluster ...... 112 Table V. Requirements and funding per organization ...... 113 Table VI. Total funding per donor (to projects listed in the HAP) ...... 114 Table VII. Non-HAP funding per sector ...... 115 Table VIII. Total humanitarian funding per donor (HAP plus other) ...... 116
ANNEX VII: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...... 117
Please note that appeals are revised regularly. The latest version of this document is available on http://www.humanitarianappeal.net. Full project details, continually updated, can be viewed, downloaded and printed from http://fts.unocha.org.
iii
AFGHANISTANPHILIPPINES - Reference - Reference Map Map
Basco
Luzon Strait
Claveria Aparri San Nicolas Tuguegarao Tuao Vigan Tabuk Cabagan REGION I C a ILOCOS REGION CARCAR g Planan a
y a San Fernando n REGION II Baguio CAGAYAN VALLEY Bolinan Casiguran Dagupan Luzon Baler Philippine REGION III Tarlac Cabanatuan Sea CENTRAL LUZON Iba Pulilan REGION IV-A South San Fernando Polillo CALABARZON Laguna de Bay China MANILA Larap Trece Martires Calamba Daep Sea REGION V Batangas Lucena Naga BICOL REGION Boac Pili Virac Calapan Legazpi San Pascual Mindoro Bulan Romblon Catarman San Jose Masbate PHILIPPINES Calbayog REGION VIII REGION IV-B Kalibo EASTERN VISAYAS MIMAROPA Culasi Visayas Roxas Barugo Carigara Ta c l o ba n REGION VI Cadiz Bogo Guiuan Iloilo Ormoc WESTERN Fabrica Burauen VISAYAS Silay Danao Dumaran Cebu Anilao Palawan Kabankalan REGION VII Surigao Puerto Princesa CENTRAL VISAYAS Tanjay Mambajao Dumaguete Cortes Zamboanguita Cagayan Butuan Dipolog de Oro REGION XIII Oroquieta Prosperidad CARAGA Sulu Sea Tambulig Iligan REGION X Balac REGION IX Pagadian Marawi ZAMBOANGA Tagum Mindanao PENINSULA ARMM Cotabato Davao Kudat Zamboanga REGION XI DAVAO REGION Isabella Digos Isulan ARMM o Kota Jolo g Koronadal Jose Kinebelu la Abad Sandakan e Santos ip REGION XII 0 300 BANDAR SERI h rc SOCCSKSARGEN BEG AWAN A Celebes Sea km MMALAYSIAA L A Y S I A Balimbing lu Su BRUNEI PA L A U INDONESIA DARUSSALAM
IINDONESIAN D O N E
Legend
National capital Regional capital Populated place International boundary Regional boundary
ARMM Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao CAR Cordillera Administrative Region Region X Northern Mindanao
Disclaimers: Thedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialonthis map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Map data sources: CGIAR, United Nations Cartographic Section, ESRI, Europa Technologies, FAO, Flanders Marine Institute.
iv PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
1. Executive Summary
The population of Mindanao continues to be affected by the triple factors of insecurity, natural hazards and poverty. Heavy rains and severe weather that are affecting much of Asia have caused repeated flooding in central and southern Mindanao, displacing the population twice or even three times in some areas. The recurrent flooding has damaged agricultural land, social infrastructure and livelihoods, and reversed the gains in early recovery. This is against the background of a four-decade- long conflict between the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and Moro armed groups as well as sporadic clan fighting, which also gave rise to displacement in 2011.1 People are more vulnerable as a result of years of repeated displacement, degradation of basic social services, chronic poverty and underdevelopment.
An estimated 698,000 displaced, returnee, and Philippines (Mindanao) Humanitarian Action home-based people in six conflict-affected provinces Plan: Key parameters in central Mindanao2 need emergency relief and Duration: 12 months livelihood support. This is a 56% increase from January –December 2012 those targeted in the Humanitarian Action Plan Key Rainy season (June to 2011, which can be attributed in large part to new milestones in November); political displacements due to flooding. 2012: developments; security environment; reform of the Approximately 160,000 people are considered the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao most vulnerable due to the long-lasting effects of the Target 698,251 people 2008 confrontation between the Government and the beneficiaries: Moro Islamic Liberation Front, and other types of Total funding Funding request per armed conflicts that contribute to the insecure, request: beneficiary: complex and unpredictable environment. In this $37,912,468 $54 context, the Philippine Humanitarian Country Team aims to fill key gaps in health; food security; nutrition; water, sanitation and hygiene; shelter; protection monitoring; and rehabilitation of basic social infrastructure. In addition, there are 451,000 returnees and “home-based” people who require livelihood-based humanitarian programming until political stability and medium- and long-term development programmes begin to shift the root causes of displacement.
The overarching goal of the Humanitarian Action Plan for 2012 is to address the acute humanitarian needs of these people to carry them through the protracted crisis until the peace agreement between the Government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front is signed, without which an enabling environment for return and resettlement is difficult to establish. To achieve this, the Philippine Humanitarian Country Team, led by the United Nations Humanitarian Coordinator, has endorsed the following strategic objectives developed by the Mindanao Humanitarian Team in consultation with national and regional government counterparts: (1) to protect the affected population, particularly vulnerable individuals and groups, building on existing mechanisms; (2) to support the Government in responding to emergencies to reduce vulnerability of the affected population, based on assessed needs; and (3) to support the return to normality of affected populations, particularly livelihood opportunities, and strengthen the capacity of the local government and communities to do so. These objectives are built on those of 2011, and reflect the lessons learned, the evolving humanitarian situation and the most likely scenario agreed for 2012.
Operational challenges exist, including insecurity and limited humanitarian access in some areas, and expected changes in the leadership of local authorities, particularly in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. This will require continued monitoring, analysis and engagement with state and
1 Fifty rido-related incidents resulted in the displacement of an estimated 10,000 people compared to 45 incidents that displaced 6,000 people in 2010, according to OCHA incidents monitoring as of October 2011. 2 Central Minando comprises Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Maguidanao, North Cotabato, South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat.
1 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012 non-state actors. Community-level protection monitoring capabilities will be strengthened in partnership with local non-governmental organizations in order to gather timely information and at the same time strengthen the early warning system.
The Humanitarian Action Plan 2012 marks the second cycle of joint humanitarian programming in conflict-affected provinces in Mindanao. There is now a greater acceptance and support for this process amongst government counterparts, which the humanitarian actors have built on to prepare this action plan. For example, protection has been agreed as an overarching priority of the Humanitarian Action Plan in line with priorities set by the Government. The Humanitarian Country Team will continue to ensure complementarity with government-led humanitarian and development programmes, and help enhance institutional capacity of local government and communities.
The Humanitarian Action Plan 2012 seeks US$37,912,468 to save lives, and to support the well-being of the people in need.3 It comprises 30 projects coordinated by nine clusters. This represents an 8% increase in requirements compared to the original requirements for 2011, which comes from a rise in the number of target beneficiaries. The Humanitarian Action Plan 2012 reflects the best efforts of the Humanitarian Country Team in assessing needs and ensuring programmatic and geographical convergence of humanitarian action in central Mindanao to date. To ensure the delivery of critical aid the action plan needs sustained and increased funding in 2012.
3 All dollar signs in this document denote United States dollars. Funding for this plan should be reported to the Financial Tracking Service (FTS, [email protected]), which will display its requirements and funding on the current appeals page.
2 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012 Humanitarian Dashboard – Philippines (Mindanao) (as of 26 October 2011)
SITUATIONHumanitarian OVERVIEW Dashboard PEOPLE IN NEED PRIORITY NEEDS . Main characteristics of emergency: Provinces in Mindanao . WASH: Returnees have limited access to rehabilitated and improved water and have been in a state of low-intensity conflict since 1968. The sanitation facilities, incl. to emergency WASH response to new displacements. conflict, combined with violent clan feuds (rido) and natural . NUTRITION: Prevalence of severe acute malnutrition for the year is consistent disasters, has resulted in cycles of internal displacement. at 1-2%; limited access to community-based management of acute malnutrition in vulnerable communities; lack of nutrition capacity in emergencies, especially Outlook: 698,000 people affected by flooding in June and . for infant and young child feeding. Nutrition surveillance must be enhanced. armed conflicts. Many remain in need of humanitarian assistance to rebuild homes and establish livelihoods. Recent . FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE: High level of food insecurity among flooding in central Mindanao and an increase in violence returnees (42%)—higher than IDPs at 25%. Most returnees cannot afford to undermines early recovery. KEY FIGURES replace lost livestock and tools or to buy essential agricultural items, including seeds and fertilizers. . Most affected groups: IDPs and returnees. .159,465 people affected by armed conflict in Central Mindanao . HEALTH: Limited access to health resources and facilities in IDP communities, Most affected areas: The majority of IDPs from the 2008 incl. reproductive health services, particularly in rural areas affected by floods. . .95,698 women affected by conflict conflict are in Maguindanao Province, which was affected by . PROTECTION: Children face widespread abuse, exploitation, recruitment and .50,274 disaster-affected children aged 3-5 years extensive flooding in June 2011 and is the most impoverished trafficking. Exposure to unexploded ordnance and a volatile security situation area in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). .6.1% of under-five severe acute malnutrition causing fatalities and re-displacement. .9.8% of under-five global acute malnutrition . Main drivers of the crisis: The conflict (1968-present) between . CAMP COORDINATION AND CAMP MANAGEMENT: IDP tracking and the Government and the separatist movement of the Moro .70% of IDP and returnee households are food- information management including IDP camp management remains a priority. Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) is rooted in Filipino Muslims in insecure, 40% are highly or moderately food-insecure . EDUCATION: Lack of access to access life-saving education services for out-of- Mindanao (Bangsamoro) asserting their right to self- .62% of the population with access to safe drinking school children, youth and children aged 3-5. determination. Other armed groups, rido and natural disasters water (Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao) . EARLY RECOVERY: Returnees lack livelihood opportunities, resources and have also caused widespread displacement. .50,689 of out-of-school children and youth affected essential infrastructure for sustainable recovery. (OCHA 2011; HAP MYR 2011) (OCHA, NDRRMC, UNICEF, IOM, DSWD 2011; DOH 2008) (UNICEF/WHO 2009; WFP 01/2010; HAP 2011; IDMC 10/06/11)
2011 RESPONSE OVERVIEW . WASH: 40% of 616,155 people in need benefitted from WASH assistance. . Health: In average, 78% coverage of measles vaccination of children >5 in IDP and return sites of Maguindanao was achieved (initial target 80%). In 8/35 municipalities the coverage reached >95%. . Nutrition: 51% representing 40,000 <5 children in 11 target areas screened for community-based management of acute malnutrition (12/2010 – 04/2011). . Food Security and Agriculture: Reached 80% of the targeted 140,000 participants under food for work and food for training; 34.5% of 4,500 families targeted provided with livelihoods assistance; 63% of pregnant and lactating women provided with food incentives for seeking health and nutrition services in rural health units; 90% of the elementary school children reached under emergency school feeding assistance. . Education: 47% out of 42,000 children aged 3-15 targeted by the education cluster gained access to education in emergency sessions in secured environment and provided with learning materials. . CCCM: 76% of 200 IDP and return sites visited and assessed for needs. . Protection: Joint protection monitoring missions conducted and protection mechanisms integrated in community-based organizations targeting 50,958 targeted in 7 provinces and 1 city for early childhood care and development. MOA on 24/7 GBV hotlines being finalized; ~ 276 child-friendly spaces built. . Early Recovery: 55% of 150 target communities provided with assistances such as core shelter, barangay health stations and other assistance. 3 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012 POPULATION IN NEED OF HUMANITARIAN AND EARLY RECOVERY ASSISTANCE TREND ANALYSIS . The overall trend of conflict involves negotiations punctuated by widespread fighting which results in relatively few deaths but displaces hundreds of thousands (cycles of displacement-return- displacement). . Reports of armed clashes between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the New People’s Army in South Cotabato, North Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat and Agusan del Sur provinces and Davao City in July represent an increase in violence. . Between January-September 2011, inter-clan/family feuds (rido) have increased from 45 cases in 2010 to 50 cases in 2011. These incidents include use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) which marks a deterioration of security situation in Mindanao. . IDPs and returnees were further affected by severe floods in June and September/October 2011 (122,000 displaced at peak). . The local elections in the ARMM, source of violent conflict and instability in the region, have been postponed from August 2011 to 2013. It is also an important opportunity to resettle IDPs and to help returnees rebuild resilient communities. (OCHA 31/07/11; IDMC 10/06/11; HAP MYR 2011)
TIMELINE
OPERATIONAL CONSTRAINTS . Security: Remains limited for international agencies due to a volatile security environment. . Access: Security incidents and impact natural disasters hinder access to affected populations in some INDICATORS regions, particularly in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. . Data Collection: Targeted planning is challenged due to hindered data collection resulting in a Top-Level Outcome / Humanitarian Indicators subsequent lack of reliable figures on affected populations. Tracking of new displacement and needs Crude mortality rate per 1,000 people 5.1 (National); 7.9 (ARMM) NSO 2011 assessment is hindered by insecurity. Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births 24.9 (National); 56 (ARMM) UNDP MDG 2008 . Funding: The response by clusters and sub-clusters of the Mindanao Humanitarian Team is limited Prevalence of underweight children aged due to funding shortfalls. (HAP 2011; IDMC 30 June 2011) 26.2 (National); 28.8 (ARMM) FNRI 2008 0-5 years 9.8% Joint Emergency Nutrition and Food Under-five global acute malnutrition Security Assessment 2009 INFORMATION GAPS . CCCM: % of target beneficiaries assessed and needs communicated to the humanitarian community; Reference Indicators number of families that received shelter and NFI assistance. 88,546,087 (National); 4,118,327 (ARMM) Population . WASH: % of target beneficiaries reached. NSO 2011 . Health: % of target beneficiaries that have access to essential health services. Life expectancy (Female) 74.34 (National); 62.9 (ARMM) NSO 2011 . Nutrition: % of children screened for acute malnutrition. Life expectancy (Male) 68.81 (National); 61.9 (ARMM) NSO 2011 . Education: Number of children assessed/profiled (Functional) Literacy rate in % 10-64 years 86.4% (National); 62.9 (ARMM) . Protection: Number of municipalities monitored and responded to. old NSO 2011/2003 Early Recovery: % of population with access to basic infrastructure; Number of Disaster Reduction Purchasing power of the Philippine peso 0.57 (National); 0.49 (ARMM) NSO 2011 . Management (DRRM) Councils established and functional; Number of DRRM Plans formulated. 99 (UNDP Human Development Report 2010) HDI Rank (of 162)
4 1. Executive Summary
Table I. Requirements per cluster
Philippines (Mindanao) Humanitarian Action Plan 2012 as of 15 November 2011 http://fts.unocha.org
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by participating organizations. Requirements Cluster ($) CCCM 2,850,000 COORDINATION 1,061,540 EARLY RECOVERY 2,150,000 EDUCATION 3,000,000 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 14,400,199 HEALTH 2,401,828 NUTRITION 1,637,453 PROTECTION, INCL. CHILD PROTECTION AND SGBV 7,365,448 WASH 3,046,000 Grand Total 37,912,468
Table II. Requirements per priority level
Philippines (Mindanao) Humanitarian Action Plan 2012 as of 15 November 2011 http://fts.unocha.org
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by participating organizations. Requirements Priority ($) A - IMMEDIATE 6,745,803 B - HIGH 29,919,665 C - MEDIUM 1,247,000 Grand Total 37,912,468
5 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
Table III. Requirements per organization
Philippines (Mindanao) Humanitarian Action Plan 2012 as of 15 November 2011 http://fts.unocha.org Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by participating organizations. Requirements Proposing Organization ($) ACF - Spain 157,953 ASDSW 126,000 CEMILARDEF 162,625 FAO 1,996,225 HI 300,000 HOM 153,406 IOM 2,850,000 MTB 372,000 MYROi 350,000 NPP 500,000 OCHA 1,061,540 OXFAM GB 470,000 SC 899,500 UNDP 2,150,000 UNFPA 426,110 UNHCR 4,457,735 UNICEF 7,755,000 WFP 12,403,974 WHO 1,320,400 Grand Total 37,912,468
6 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
2. 2011 in review
2.1 Changes in the contexxt
In Minddanao, the sources of insecurity are multi-faceted. The four-decade-longg conflict between the Government of the Republic of the Philippinnes (GPH) and Moro armed groups, sporadic clan fighting, and threats of insurgencies have led to cycles of civilian displacements. Many of the conflict-affected areas are also prone to natural disasters. While the ceasefire between the Government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) continued to hold, at least 375,000 displaced, reeturnee, resettled and home-baased people in Mindanao affected by armed conflicts and flooding requireed humanitarian aid in 2011.
The status quo of a protracted and pervasive humanitarian situation has persisted in 2011 due to large-scale flooding and insecurity that caused displacement in central Mindanao, and a lack of major investment into rebuilding the livelihoods of affected populations. People are more vulnerable as a result of years of repeated displacement, degradation of basic social services, chronic poverty and underdevelopment.
The Humanitarian Action Plan for the A young IDP returning to the family home in Maguindanao | Conflict-Affected Provinces in Mindanao for Jason Gutierrez/IRIN 2011 marked the first joint programminng cycle of humanitarian action for conflict-affffected provinces in Mindanao. There is now a growing acceptance and support for the Humanitaarrian Action Plan (HAP) process amongst government counterparts, on which the humanitarian actors will build in 2012 to deliver aid and help enhance government capacity for emergency response.
Peace process between the Government and the MILF: In February 2011, the Aquino administration and the MILF began formal negotiations for a peace agreementt, contributing to the overall improvement of the political environment. The preceding negotiations between then-President Arroyo and the MILF had collapsed in August 2008, which triggered renewed fiighting that displaced an estimated 750,000 people in central Mindanao.
In earlyy August, President Aquino held unnprecedented talks with the MILF leader in Tokyo to accelerate the peace process, yet the momeentum appears to have stalled after the latest round of exploratory talks held three weeks later in Kuala Lumpur. The MILF had rejected the administration’s counter-pproposal to their set of proposals put forward in February 2011. There is a risk of significant civilian displacement if differences cannot be reconciled. The emergence of the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Movement (BIFM), a splinter grouup of the MILF, whose forces were responsible for attacks on civilians in August 2008, is another cause of concern. The humanitarian actors are closely monitoring the development and the impact thhis may have on the movement of the people.
An increase in clan fighting: There has been resurgence in clan conflicts locally known as rido since the “Maguindanao Massacre” of November 2009, in which members of a clan kiilled the relatives and supporters of a political rival as well as journalists. The most common sources of conflict are land disputes, political influence, issues of honour and economic interests. Typically a rido includes fighting between individuals or families; hoowever, it has a potential to draw in organizations and affiliations, most commonly the MILF, Moro National Liberation Front (MNNLLF), the army, local government units (LGUs), and private armed groups. For example, a rido between two families which
7 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
Major events that have had an impact on the humanitarian and development challenges in central Mindanao from 2000 to 2011 2000-2003 2004-2007 2008-2009 2010-2011 2000: President 2011: GPH-MILF Estrada’s “All-Out 2004: AFP pursuit of 2008: GPH-MILF peace peace negotiation War” strategy bandits and terrorists negotiation breaks down resumes displaces an estimated linked to Al Qaeda 900,000 people displaces 160,000 to An estimated 750,000 Flash floods and 200,000 people people are displaced, landslides in CARAGA 2003: Renewed majority of whom have region affects 590,000 operations by the returned after July 2009 people Armed Forces of the GPH-MILF ceasefire Philippines (AFP) in Flooding affects MILF stronghold 2008: Typhoon Frank 860,000 people in (“Buliok complex”) cause massive flooding central Mindanao displaces about 400,000 people 2009: “Maguindanao Massacre” displaces about 11,000 people erupted anew in August 2011 over land ownership in Datum Pang Municipality, Maguindanao Province, involved armed fighting between a MILF field commander and a BIFM commander. The fighting spread to neighbouring municipalities and across to North Cotabato Province where supporters of respective commanders took up arms. Over 2,000 households were displaced by this incident.
A response to a rido requires an agreed modus operandi, given the complexity of the motivations of the multiple actors involved. There are at least 17 ongoing ridos, each with its own history of protracted animosities. The humanitarian actors are responding by strengthening protection monitoring and providing emergency relief for acute needs. Security risks are multi-faceted: Other security risks persist in Mindanao. The communist New People’s Army (NPA) has carried out a country-wide guerrilla campaign against the Government since 1968. The Islamist Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), which is linked to Al-Qaeda and Jemaah Islamiyah, also poses a threat. Furthermore, use of private armed groups is widespread. These ‘militias’ are civilians who are organized and armed by government entities, elected officials, clans and insurgent groups.4
Incidents Monitored: Human‐induced (OCHA incidents monitoring) 16 NPA related incidents
14 Armed clashes
geographic (MILF/AFP/Rido/Terrorism/ ASG)
12 and
Kidnapping 10
occurence Criminality
of 8
date IED/Grenade locations 6 the
on
4 Trend NPA related incidents based
2 Trend Armed clashes related
incidents Incidents
of 0
Trend IED attacks
No. Dec‐10 Jan‐11 Feb‐11 Mar‐11 Apr‐11 May‐11 Jun‐11 Jul‐11 Aug‐11 Sep‐11 ‐2 Month/Year of incidence
4 Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (July 2011). Armed Violence in Mindanao: Militia and private armies.
8 2. 2011 in review
The activities of paramilitary groups such as Citizen Armed Force Geographical Units (CAFGU) and civilian volunteers’ organizations (CVO) exacerbate protection concerns for the civilians. Election-related violence is common, and tension was building as the elections for the Government of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) scheduled for August 2011 drew nearer. The elections have been postponed by the Republic Act 10153 to synchronize Incidents Monitored: Natural Disaster with the national and local elections
(OCHA Incidents Monitoring) planned for May 2013, and there are the 60 of threats that similar outbreaks in 50 locations
violence may accompany the lead-up date 40
on to the next elections. 30 20 Flashflood/Flooding based geographic
Overall, a lack of respect for the rule 10 Landslide
and 0 of law, proliferation of small arms, Earthquake
and risks of activities by kidnap-for- indicents
of ransom gangs and criminal groups occurences have reached an alarming level, No. Month/Year of incidence impeding humanitarian operations and development programmes.5
Seasonal flooding aggravated by more frequent and intense typhoons: Globally, the Philippines ranks third as a country with the highest disaster risk in the world, according to a 2011 United Nations (UN) study.6 Natural hazards include typhoons, floods, landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions, with an annual average of five destructive typhoons. Parts of Mindanao are susceptible to flooding caused by seasonal monsoon rain, which is aggravated by more frequent and intense typhoons. In May and June of 2011, torrential rains triggered widespread flooding in central Mindanao, affecting 860,000 people (total population: 4.1 million). At the height of the flooding, 12,000 families were displaced in Cotabato City and Maguindanao alone, who they took shelter in 60 evacuation centres. The ARMM Government led the joint Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis (DANA) with support from the Mindanao Humanitarian Team (MHT).
Furthermore, between one-third and half of the population in Mindanao is living below the poverty line. An increasing number of people live in vulnerable areas at risk from the impact of natural disasters; and many of these disaster-prone areas are also conflict-affected.
Support to livelihood: In addition to the internally displaced people (IDPs) in evacuation centres, people in host communities or those who have returned continue to struggle to survive and recover their livelihoods. They require minimum functioning basic social infrastructure, such as health facilities, schools and roads, and support in gaining livelihood opportunities to build back their lives and strengthen self-sufficiency.
5 The high level of insecurity has been persistently highlighted by foreign embassies in their travel advisories. 6 United Nations University (2011). WorldRiskReport 2011.
9 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
2.2 Achievement of 2011 strategic objectives and lessons learned
The following indicators and targets, which have been monitored by the clusters, are indicative of the overall achievements of the strategic objectives of the HAP 2011:
Strategic Objective 1: To support the Government to address the humanitarian needs of affected populations in a timely manner Indicator 2011 Target Achieved as of Sept. 2011 No. of beneficiaries received food and non-food items 94,000 people 80% No. of sites where children under five are screened for 100% of target sites 100% malnutrition using mid-upper-arm circumference Percentage of communicable disease outbreaks that 100% No outbreaks were controlled against the number detected recorded No. of families provided with emergency shelter 10,000 families 1% packages Strategic Objective 2: To establish an enabling environment for the implementation of durable solutions for affected populations No. of separated and unaccompanied children 100% of identified 100% identified and provided family-based care cases Strategic Objective 3: To develop the capacities of local government and communities to respond to emergencies and manage their early recovery No. of communities with demonstrated capacities to 46 priority return sites Needs further emergencies and manage early recovery capacitating No. of teaching personnel, day-care centre workers 1,143 teaching 22% and volunteers trained in education in emergency (EiE) personnel, day-care and other methods in emergency response centre workers and volunteers Strategic Objective 4: To establish structures and mechanisms to ensure the protection of vulnerable individuals and groups No. of site management committees organized and 200 IDP and return 76% functional sites
As of September 2011, most progress was made on strategic objective 1 on addressing the humanitarian needs of the affected people, particularly with respect to food security and nutrition. This may be reflective of the availability of funds. The Food Security and Agriculture Cluster was the first sector to raise funds, as early as March 2011, receiving 56% of the total contributions made available to date. The application process for the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) underfunded emergency grants concluded at the end of September 2011, and therefore, sectors with all or majority of their contributions allocated from this process have only begun implementing their proposed activities in the fourth quarter of 2011 (i.e. Protection, Health, Education).
There were less measurable achievements reported against strategic objectives 2, 3 and 4. Learning from this experience, the monitoring matrix of the strategic objectives has been strengthened in the HAP 2012.
10 2. 2011 in review
2.3 Summary of 2011 cluster targets, achievements and lessons learned
Cluster Indicator 2011 Target Achieved as of Objectives (abbreviated) September 2011 (abbreviated) (abbreviated) Camp Coordination and Camp Management Cluster Objective The availability of Population statistics 76% achieved 1 accurate data updated monthly for 200 Data gathering for 152 To collect, track, concerning IDP and IDP and return sites barangays (IDP and return analyse and returnee numbers and across six conflict- sites) conducted disseminate locations affected provinces information The availability of A report every two Produced three reports on concerning IDPs analytical reports of months displacement and return and returnees for displacement trends trends since June the use of the The availability of 200 site windows, each 76% achieved humanitarian accurate and updated updated every two 87 site windows and 65 community and ‘site windows’ months displacement tracking other stakeholders matrix completed since June Humanitarian issues Population statistics Displacement and return referred to appropriate updated monthly for 200 trends shared with partners clusters IDP and return sites Cluster Objective No. of families 10,000 families (50% of Provided shelter packages 2 provided with 100,000 individuals) to 68 families in Cotabato To ensure that emergency shelter City displaced families packages have adequate emergency shelter Cluster Objective Site management 200 IDP and return sites 76% achieved 3 committees organized across conflict-affected 152 sites covered To ensure that site and functional provinces management mechanisms are established Analysis and Challenges: CERF rapid response grants for June flood response enabled the CCCM Cluster to collect and share information relevant for proper response, referral and coordination across clusters. There was a difficulty in distinguishing response per cause of displacement as same communities affected by the 2008 armed conflict were also affected by the June floods. Some families were even displaced for the third time due to heavy rains at the end of September. The shortage in funding affected the implementation of project activities such as the shelter stockpiles and the strengthening of the DRRMC. Early Recovery
Cluster Objective No. of projects and At least 150 46 priority return sites in 1 initiatives that support communities Maguindanao provided To ensure the or lead to long-term (return/relocation/resettl with assistance integration and recovery and ement) supported within mainstreaming of development the six provinces early recovery aspects in interventions of all clusters Cluster Objective No. of families At least 30 families in Fully achieved (in terms of 2 provided with each of the 150 overall numbers of families To promote livelihood support communities are reached). 7,532 families sustainable non- provided with livelihood benefited from Quick agricultural support Impact Projects: 5,488 livelihoods, families from 18 return
11 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
Cluster Indicator 2011 Target Achieved as of Objectives (abbreviated) September 2011 (abbreviated) (abbreviated) essential areas in six municipalities infrastructure and of Maguindanao, 1,812 environmental families in three initiatives in IDP municipalities in Lanao del sites and return Norte and 232 families in areas. Madalum, Lanao del Sur No. and types of basic At least five community 10 Barangay Health infrastructure projects access roads/farm-to- Stations are operational in supported market road projects are the 46 priority return sites supported and barangay in Maguindanao (village) health centres in 46 priority return sites are functional Cluster Objective No. of site-specific At least 46 return sites Fully achieved 3 early recovery plans in Maguindanao have To support early formulated their recovery and respective early reintegration recovery plan initiatives by the No. of plans and At least 150 Preparations are ongoing affected initiatives supported communities in six 36 of these return communities provinces are supported communities have initial themselves with early recovery commitment of support initiatives from various agencies Cluster Objective No. of communities All identified return sites Needs additional support 4 with demonstrated have functional bodies Barangay councils in the To strengthen local capacities to respond which could lead 46 return sites have begun capacities for to emergencies and disaster preparedness functioning but needs effective manage early recovery and response further capacitating emergency response and management of early recovery Analysis and Challenges: Repeated displacements continue to hamper the sustainability of early recovery initiatives in the 150 return sites in Maguindanao and other parts of central Mindanao. Slow resource allocation / mobilization were also a challenge for implementing early recovery and rehabilitation. There is a need to look into livelihood activities as an alternative to current agri-based practices both at household and community levels to consider climatic change. Likewise, there is need to enhance local capacity for revenue generation, both for government and public-private enterprise, to reduce aid dependency and increase resiliency to recover from disasters. Education
Cluster Objective No. of schools, day 75% (409 of the 546) 36% achieved 1 care centres (DCCs) target affected schools, 50 DCCs, 75 schools, 62 To increase the and temporary DCCs and TLS TLS and CFS, 12 schools access of internally learning spaces (TLS) displaced children supported to educational No. of children’s 21,000 children’s 77% achieved services learning packs learning packs (30% of 16,069 children provided distributed for Grades 70,000 affected children with school packs 1-6 aged 6-11) No. of teacher’s packs 716 teacher’s packs (for 30% achieved distributed both elementary and 217 teacher’s packs secondary students distributed 32,200 at a ratio of 1 teacher: 45 students) No. of pupils’ chairs, 32,117 chairs, 485 2,976 chairs, 496 tables, tables and tables, 485 blackboards 62 blackboards chalkboards provided
12 2. 2011 in review
No. of para-teachers 100 para-teachers and 42% achieved and volunteers volunteers 42 volunteer educators (30 deployed TLS, 12 DCCs). Cluster Objective No. of teaching 327 day-care worker 22% achieved 2 personnel, DCC volunteers (9,800 30 school disaster risk To enhance the workers and children aged 3-5 reduction focal points capacity of volunteers trained in with 1:35 day-care trained teachers, day-care standards and worker to children 217 teachers and para- workers and frameworks ratio) teachers trained in volunteers in EiE 100 para-teachers education in standards 716 regular teachers emergencies (EiE) and psycho-social No. of teaching 1,143 teachers, day- 19% achieved personnel and care workers and 169 teachers in volunteers trained on volunteers Maguindanao; 45 EiE EiE and alternative workers (teachers, delivery learning volunteer educators) method (ADLM) trained Cluster Objective No. of EiE 33 EiE Preparedness 73% achieved 3 preparedness plans Plans (one in each 24 school-based disaster To increase the formulated participating management plans knowledge and municipality) formulated acceptance of No. of PTCAs, local 119 PTCAs, 33 LSBs 29% achieved education services school boards (LSBs) 35 PTCAs trained on the part of and other education affected stakeholders trained communities No. of communities 80% or 95 of the total 8% achieved with community affected communities Six communities in leaders that attend in Maguindanao, and two in meetings and Cotabato City and Northern participate in Kabuntalan education activities for displaced children. Cluster Objective No.of DepEd and other One DepEd ARMM Officials consulted: one 4 education leaders Secretary, five Division DepEd ARMM Secretary, To support (from NGOs) Superintendents, at four Division Education in consulted least 33 District Superintendents engaged, Emergencies Supervisors, 119 37 District Supervisors, 12 policies and Principals plus other school Principals standards, to education stakeholders include No.of workshops Nine policy workshops One policy workshop; tour mainstreaming, conducted TWG workshops; one accreditation and National workshop promotion of An EiE/DRR Recommendations for One process children attending framework developed EiE/DRR management documentation alternative mode of for implementation in policy for ARMM and One policy framework education the ARMM implementation (national) guidelines No. of ADLM modules Four ADLMs modules Contextualized EiE module reviewed and reviewed and modelled on English, Filipino and modelled Mathematics for elementary and secondary levels
13 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
Food Security and Agriculture Cluster Objective 1 At least 90% 10,000 households to be As a response to the flood To ensure adequate beneficiaries achieve assisted under the in Maguindanao Province food consumption for a household food vulnerable group and Cotabato City, WFP targeted consumption score feeding programme distributed 1,357 MTs of beneficiaries (FCS) of 35 and rice for 70,532 households above No. of women and 94,000 participants 80% of the planned men, boys and girls to be targeted under participants are reached receiving food and the food-for-training (75,200 FFW and 36,800 non-food items (FFT) programme FFT). (NFIs), by category 46,000 participants and as percentage of to be targeted under planned figures the food-for-work (FFW) programme Tonnage of food The Food Security Cluster distributed, by type, distributed about 7,000 MT as percentage through all the planned distribution programmes. Cluster Objective 2 The ‘community At least 50% Community asset score To increase the assets score’ improvement in the was not measured. access of targeted (measures the score by the 94,000 communities to increase in the participants to be assets in fragile number of targeted under the FFT transition situations functioning natural, programme physical and social infrastructure assets at the community level) No. of projects 46,000 participants 56% of target supported to create targeted under FFW beneficiaries reached or restore community 17,600 households 75,200 participants were assets provided with supported through more agriculture and than 500 community-based fisheries inputs to projects. restore their farming and fishing livelihoods Cluster Objective 3 Proportion of FFT 94,000 participants 39% of target To enhance the participants applying targeted under food-for- beneficiaries reached skills of targeted acquired skills for training 36,800 people participated communities thus improving livelihoods in FFT and enhanced their improving their livelihood skills resilience to shocks No. of women and Under FFT, 60% were men trained in women for sessions on livelihood-support food processing, vegetable thematic areas gardening and income- generating schemes. Cluster Objective 4 Average annual rate 90% or above of 70,000 Fully achieved To increase the of retention of pupils to be targeted 70,000 pupils served with enrolment of children in schools during the 2010/2011 lunch cooked at children, including assisted by Food school year elementary schools in IDPs and returnees, Security and Maguindanao, Lanao del in schools Agriculture Clusters. Sur Cluster Objective 5 Percentage of 10,000 pregnant and 63% of the targeted PLW To increase the pregnant and lactating women were reached attendance of lactating women reached pregnant and receiving at least four lactating women ante-natal and post- (PLW) at health natal visits in target centres areas
14 2. 2011 in review
Cluster Objective Number, quantity of At least 50% of 25% of agriculture and 6 distributed agriculture agriculture and fishery fishery inputs distributed To increase food and fishery inputs inputs distributed production among resettled and returnee households Analysis and Challenges: Contributions for the Food Security Cluster started to materialize during the second half of 2011, with most commodities purchased still to arrive for distribution as of September 2011. Thus, achievements were not necessarily high against the targets. Nevertheless, the Food Security Cluster managed to conduct emergency relief food distribution for the flood-affected populations in June 2011, the cost of which was recovered later by CERF. Health
Cluster Objective Availability of health At least one Medical Team To ensure the service providers in community health conducted 25 RH provision of IDP sites and return worker (CHW) per missions in Cotabato essential public areas 1,000 people in 46 City and in the health services IDP sites and return provinces of including areas. At least one Maguindanao and reproductive health visit from a midwife Sultan Kudarat for June (RH) in IDP sites per week for return flood response and return areas areas Eight IDP multi-sector At least one teams were organized functional IDP multi- in conflict-affected sector team per municipalities in conflict-affected Maguindanao and North municipality Cotabato. Four teams are currently deployed in areas with IDPs No. of beneficiaries Based on Overall coverage of served by health programme targets, 78% for children under- programmes out of the at least 80% five with eight/35 total population in IDP coverage of measles municipalities achieving sites and return areas vaccination for > 95% coverage7 children under five in 10,018 PLWs served; IDP sites and return and 478 health areas information session At least 80% of (HIS) conducted with women and girls in 11,950 participants the IDP sites consisting of women, provided with RH men, and young people services No. of communicable 100% of outbreaks No outbreaks recorded up disease outbreaks detected and controlled to September 2011 detected and controlled
7 Preliminary reports from Integrated Provincial Health Office (IPHO) Maguindanao on the Measles-Rubella Supplemental Immunization Activity.
15 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
Nutrition
Cluster Objective 1 No. of nutrition surveys At least one nutritional Active and passive To assess in a conducted assessment conducted screening for eight timely manner the in all targeted areas per municipalities in nutritional status of year Maguindanao, three in IDPs and host North Cotabato communities, No. of children 80% of children under More than 95% (>62,400) including score and screened using MUAC five in target areas are of children under five in severity of the screened using MUAC Maguindanao and North nutritional situation, every six months Cotabato screened from causes of December 2010 to malnutrition and September 2011 contextual factors, No. of sites where All target sites have Fully achieved to inform decision- screening is conducted active and passive Active and passive making and screening screening in all target sites response Cluster Objective No. of sites with Rural CMAM coverage 28 sites with therapeutic 2 functioning therapeutic > 50% feeding in Maguindanao To ensure the and targeted Urban CMAM coverage (22) and North availability of supplementary feeding >70% Cotabato (six); two appropriate and programmes Camp CMAM coverage referral hospitals comprehensive > 90% established treatment of acute Eight sites in malnutrition for Maguindanao with IDPs and host targeted supplementary communities feeding >50% of programme coverage in target sites No. of children, At least 50% of >90% of children in pregnant and children with severe target areas screened lactating women acute malnutrition with SAM enrolled in enrolled in CMAM (SAM) in target areas therapeutic feeding % of acutely enrolled in 3,200 pregnant and severely therapeutic feeding lactating women malnourished At least 50% of screened children six-59 children with 49% of children months enrolled or moderate acute screened with MAM admitted to malnutrition (MAM) in enrolled in therapeutic feeding target areas enrolled supplementary feeding programme in therapeutic programme as of May feeding 2011 No. of children and Recovery rate >75% Cure rate in therapeutic PLW successfully Death rate for feeding: 78% treated therapeutic care Death rate in <10% therapeutic feeding: 5% Mortality rate for supplementary care <3%
16 2. 2011 in review
Cluster Objective No. of skilled IYCF One counsellor or At least 25 members of six 3 counsellors and/or support group per 15-25 local NGO partners trained To ensure the functioning support mothers to provide IYCF promotion, support groups counselling support in eight and protection of municipalities in appropriate infant Maguindanao and three in and young-child North Cotabato feeding (IYCF) No. of powdered milk, Zero milk and breast Milk distribution noted in practices among infant formula, breast milk substitute donation Region XII and ARMM as IDPs and host milk substitutes, in target areas. All part of relief packs for the communities bottles, teats and breast milk substitute flood victims last June artificial nipple and milk powder use is 2011 donated, distributed monitored and and used in target controlled areas Cluster Objective No. of children aged 6- 90% of children 6-59 Fully achieved 4 59 months with access months are given at At least 90% of children To ensure that to fortified least two sachets of under five screened in children and complementary food or multiple micronutrient target areas provided with pregnant and multiple micronutrients powders per week multiple micronutrient lactating women powders powders have access to No. of pregnant and >90% of pregnant and At least 80% of children micronutrients from lactating women with lactating mothers are under five screened in fortified food, access to multiple given multiple target areas provided with supplements, or micronutrient micronutrients powders multiple micronutrient multiple supplements (including daily powders micronutrient iron-folic acid tablets) preparations No. of children aged 6- >80% coverage of Fully achieved 59 months supplementation >80% coverage of supplemented with activities among children supplementation by Vitamin A within the aged 0-59 months government past six months. No. of children aged >90% coverage of de- Fully achieved 12-59 months given worming activities All children 12-59 months de-worming tablets admitted in CMAM given within the past six deworming months. Analysis and Challenges: Though the Nutrition Cluster was able to achieve most of its targets, its interventions were still limited in geographic scope. Funding for the nutrition cluster HAP was mainly from CERF which was received only at the second half of the year. By this time, though, a lot of the targets were already on track to being achieved and the CERF grant allowed for an accelerated achievement of targets and for expansion of the interventions to cover natural disaster (i.e. flood) - affected communities. Protection
Cluster Objective Protection Cluster Protection Cluster Protection strategy 1 strategy developed partners agree on finalized, and members To ensure the and implemented and strategy and advocacy worked on key advocacy development of a key IDP policy and issues issues such as the IDP bill protection advocacy issues environment in addressed which protection principles are recognized and applied in all humanitarian responses
17 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
No. of information, CCCM-PC joint training advocacy and training conducted for five sessions completed on municipalities in protection Maguindanao principles/practice, IDP protection training mental and psycho- organized social health, mine-risk Protection workshop education, prevention with AFP conducted and management of Protection Cluster GBV, child protection, Information Campaign MRM, ToTs, child Guideline established trafficking and other and women’s rights areas pamphlets published Cluster Objective % of IDP population Baseline assessment 2 needs identified covered 96 priority To establish needs (disaggregated barangays through of returning IDP gender, age, community-based population and to vulnerable groups) protection monitoring (with strengthen 553 community-based community self- trained monitors) reliance and No. of mobilized Profiling of urban IDPs in livelihood communities Cotabato City and Sultan opportunities participating in Kudarat conducted; assessment and livelihood assistance for conduct of livelihood identified population is in activities effect Cluster Objective No. of areas where PC response directory 3 Protection Hotline, underway with cases To ensure the early warning, and referred for follow up by existence of response mechanisms relevant agencies, protection established and including CHR and DSWD mechanisms functional capable of providing support Cluster Objective No. of In the process of finalizing 4 communities/areas the memorandum of To ensure the where 24/7 GBV understanding with provision of hotline for GBV cases implementing partners essential protection is established and services in IDP functional sites and return No. or Organizing of the QRT is areas to all communities/areas underway in target children, women where a QRT for communities and other SGBV cases is vulnerable groups available and functional % of all QRTs with Post-rape kits to be used access to minimum by QRT are being procured supplies and equipment (e.g. post- rape kits)
18 2. 2011 in review
Cluster Objective No. of separated All separated and 349 vulnerable children 5 and unaccompanied children and their families in Region To prevent and unaccompanied in the affected areas are XII and Cotabato City, 140 address the children identified identified and provided in four provinces of ARMM separation of and provided with family-based care were identified and children and the family-based care provided family-based care promotion of Common family and referral services family-based care tracking and through FTR. reunification (FTR) system in place Setting-up functional FTR system in progress in coordination and government agencies. Cluster Objective No. of CFS 80% of displaced and 200 CFS built across 153 6 established in vulnerable children have barangays, 76 in the To provide psycho- displacement and access to psycho-social provinces of Maguindanao, social support to return sites support activities, e.g. Lanao del Sur, Lanao del children and their No. of youth and CFS, youth and Norte and North Cotabato. caregivers children’s clubs children’s clubs, etc. CFS equipped with WASH established facilities, and psycho-social activities No. of child protection 100% of child protection 124 Youth Focal Clubs programmes that have programmes in affected organized and 3,000 integrated psycho- areas have integrated community volunteers social in their work, in psycho-social in their trained on psycho-social in line with IASC MHPSS work, in line with IASC line with IASC guidelines Guidelines MHPSS Guidelines Cluster Objective % of reported All cases of GCRV in 45 cases of GCRV 7 cases of grave situations of conflict in reported, with six To establish a child rights the six provinces are verified. Two bi- mechanism to violations (GCRVs) reported and responded monthly Global systematically in situations of to Horizontal Notes monitor, report and conflict verified and submitted trigger response to responded to The proposed bill on the grave rights A system of MRM protection of children in violations and on GCRV is situation of armed protection established conflict (CSAC) has concerns of No. of periodic been passed at the children and reports produced Congress and filed at women the Senate Cluster Objective A programme for Reintegration Two implementing 8 reintegration of programme in place NGOs mutually To prevent and CAAFAGs is in for CAAFAGs endorsed by UN and address the place 100% of verified MILF for registering recruitment and % of reported cases of recruitment, children and monitoring use, as well as the cases of use and arbitrary >500 children arbitrary arrest and recruitment, use arrest and detention registered detention of and arbitrary arrest are responded to 180 community data- children and detention gatherers trained verified and Community needs responded to assessment across 18 MILF command areas completed Five high-risk barangays identified for possible community- based child protection interventions
19 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
Cluster Objective No. of community 80% of affected One NGO partner in 9 members reached communities reached central Mindanao To raise with MRE with MRE messages engaged in MRE awareness and messages System of response in About 300 community respond to No. of children place members reached with incidence of UXOs reached with MRE MRE advocacy and other messages About 600 children indiscriminate and reached with MRE illicit weapons advocacy Cluster Objective No. of CBCPN 80% of affected 124 CBCPN organized 10 established communities have across 107 barangays To establish No. of community community-based child in Cotabato City and community based welfare volunteers protection systems Maguindanao, seven child protection chosen and trained established and 13 child protection systems in affected Youth focal points networks were areas chosen and trained organized, respectively More than 480 community welfare volunteers trained 596 youth focal points chosen and trained Cluster Objective CPWG for the A CPWG to cover the CPWG for ARMM and 11 affected areas six areas is organized North Cotabato To establish with organized and organized Government functional Regular meetings are effective leadership No. of CPWG held held every two to three on child protection weeks. Referral group area of pathway linked with responsibility with CPWG, Protection links to other Cluster, Psycho-social cluster/sector Sub-cluster, Gender- mechanism on based Violence Sub- critical inter- cluster in place sectoral issues Cluster Objective LGUs able to provide All provincial and 80 LGUs oriented on 12 child protection municipal LGUs are child protection; 46 To build the response during trained and able to BCPCs oriented on capacities of LGUs emergencies provide services on child BCPC tasks and and communities to protection in responsibilities provide child emergencies Child protection plans protection integrated to Barangay response during Development Plan emergencies (BDP) CPWG is developing framework for the activation and training of BCPC with DILG WASH
Cluster Objective Government leads DoH leading WASH DoH continues co-leading To build the WASH activities Cluster meetings and WASH activities capacity of local activities Government and Joint response of At least one joint activity DANA conducted in communities to Government and per month Maguindanao (June 2011) operate and humanitarian agencies maintain WASH to WASH needs facilities to ensure sustainability
20 2. 2011 in review
2.4 Review of humanitarian funding
Humanitarian agencies appealed for $34.5 million in the Funding for the HAP 2011 HAP 2011. Funding in the early part of the year was slow (Source: FTS as of 15 Novemebr and the majority of contributions were recorded after the 2011) mid-year review (MYR). Humanitarian organizations $33.3 million 54% struggled in the early part of 2011 due to lack of funding requested at MYR funded and some agencies also accessed loan schemes from their headquarters to maintain their humanitarian programmes.
During the MYR, requirements were revised down to $33.3 million due to a slight decrease in target beneficiaries due to IDPs returning to their homes. Around $7.9 million in contributions had been recorded as of mid-year. As of early Octobeer, contributions and commitments of $18.0 million have been reccorded towards HAP activities, covering 54% of the revised requirements.
Funding coverage has varied widely Proportion of total funding received per Cluster among the clusters ranging from 0% to (Jan.-Nov. 2011) 84%. Only four clusters have received (Source: donor and agency reports to FTS as of 15 November 2011) 50% or more of required funding: Coordination (83%), Education (61%), Foodd Securityy and Agriculture (84%), andd Logistics (57%). Six clusters have recordedd less than 50% funding: Camp Coordinationn and Camp Management (CCCM) (37%), Early Recovery/ER (0%), Health (28%), Nutrition (33%), Protection (including Childd Protection, and Sexual and Gender-Basedd Violence/SGBV) (32%) and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) (39%).
The reduced commitment of funding has had direct effect on humanitarian action inn the Philiippines. In 2011, WASH partners reduced WASH provision to IDPs due to a lack of funding. In the Health Cluster, limited funding meant that primary health care, early warning, vaccination, and remote outreach programmes were reduced. A lack of funding also curtailed medium- and long-term initiatives to reduce chronic vulnerability and increase the population’s capacity to cope and build resilience, thus prolonging the need for humanitarian aid in the future. For example, investments in agriculture, education and ER sectors are crucial for bringing Mindanao out of the cycle of aid dependence.
Combined, Member States have so far contributed $9.6 million to Coordination, CCCM, Education, Food Security and Agriculture, and Protection (SGBV). Notably, the Philippines, which donated in- kind contributions of fortified rice, is the largest government donor to the HAP 2011 followed by Spain. (See Annex VI for details on donor response to the HAP 2011.)
21 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
The CERF was the largest channel of fundss with $8.4 million allocated to 14 prrojects. The funding was vital to respond to rapid-onset floods inn June when the CERF Rapid Response window allocated $4.9 million for life-saving programmes to five clusters: CCCM, Food, Logistics, Nutrition and WASH. The CERF underfunded second-round window allocated $3.5 milllion to five clusters: Protection (including Child Protection and SGBV), Agriculture, Health, WASH and Nutrition activities. The CERF supported projects in line with the priorities agreed to by the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT), thus contributing to the strengthening of humanitarian coordination.
Requirements Vs. Funding Received per Cluster (Jan.-Nov. 2011) Source: donor and agency reports to FTS as of 15 November 2011
Coverage: 37% 87% 0% 61% 84% 28% 57% 33% 32% 39%
2.5 Review of humanitarian coordination
Closer coordination with Government Cluuster Leads: The clusters have a sttrong implementation history in the Philippines, where the Government formally instituted the cluster approach in May 2007 with the HCT appointing Cluster Co-Leads that assumed a supporting role to the Government Leads. At the sub-national level in Mindanao, the cluster approach was activated in October 2008 for the response to the GPH-MILF confllict. In June 2011, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) and the HCT jointly established a Technical Working Group (TWG) on Humanitarian Assistance, consisting of key humanitarian partners with the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) co- chairing the group with the Office of Civil Defense (OCD), to ensure regular interaction and improve inter-cluster coordination for preparedness activities and response. The initial success of this mecchanism led to the replication of the TWG at the Mindanao level to Massive flooding inundates homes in Cotabato City in June 2011 | OCHA strengthen local coordination. The TWG is intended to address the
22 2. 2011 in review coordination challenge faced during the June flooding: two regional governments and a city government simultaneously invited the MHT members to participate in their coordination meetings, seeking support (ARMM, Region XII and Cotabato City).
Reaching out to 50 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) operating outside of Cotabato City: OCHA expanded MHT’s outreach beyond Cotabato City by facilitating and coordinating monthly meetings with NGOs in Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte Provinces to gather information and to share a more comprehensive picture of the overall situation with the wider humanitarian community. Contacts were also established with a consortium of NGOs operating in Eastern Mindanao and NGOs operating in the Zamboanga peninsula, Basilan, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi (ZamBASULTA areas in south- western Mindanao). The outreach to NGOs and the civil society is essential for mapping gaps in assistance and finding ways to fill them. NGOs step up to fill gaps in cluster leadership: Principles of Partnership are integral to the work of the MHT. The Government provides leadership, supported by the UN, International Organization for Migration (IOM), and a wide spectrum of NGOs who are active members of the cluster mechanism. However, securing a deployment of a dedicated cluster lead coordinator and high staff turnover in some clusters have been a challenge. NGOs, both international and national, who are not Global Cluster Leads have stepped up to co-lead clusters during difficult periods. This was the case in WASH (United Nations Children’s Fund/UNICEF and Action Contre la Faim/ACF) and the Temporary Shelter Working Group under CCCM (Mindanao Tulong Bakwet). Local partners have contributed local knowledge to enable a more context-specific approach to the response to the needs of their people.
23 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012 The Humanitarian Coordination Mechanism in the Philippines
24 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
3. Needs analysis
3.1 Underlying factors of the emergency
The overall underlying and immediate factors that drive Mindanao’s protracted humanitarian situation are:
Armed conflicts: Armed clan fighting continues to displace civilians in central Mindanao. For example, in February 2011, the rido over the ownership of land displaced 9,000 people in Kabacan Municipality in North Cotabato Province. Nearly 130 houses were burned, and school building and community structures were damaged. Another rido allegedly over a road construction project between a local elected official (barangay chairman) and a MILF follower displaced more than 8,000 people in the vicinity of Mangudadatu Municipality in Maguindanao Province in April. In July, armed skirmishes between two MILF field commanders displaced 48,000 people in Palimbang Municipality in Sultan Kudarat Province. Furthermore, intense armed fighting between the AFP and elements of MILF broke out in October in Al Barka town in Basilan Province, displacing at least 4,300 people.8
While the majority of the displacement is short-term, the IDPs require food, non-food items (NFIs), support for access to safe water and WASH facilities, and protection.
Insecurity: In addition to the armed conflicts, the proliferation of kidnap-for-ransom gangs, extortion groups and general criminality, including ‘bombs-for-hire’, adds to insecurity, hampering access for humanitarian actors and progress toward reconstruction and recovery (see Annex IV for maps on security and natural disaster incidents).9 In September, four roadside improvised explosive devices (IEDs) exploded in the centre of Cotabato City although they did not cause any casualties.
Recurrent natural disasters: Year-round floods affect populations across Mindanao. In May- June 2011, torrential rains triggered widespread flooding in central Mindanao, affecting 860,000 people. Many of the flooded areas were return areas of those displaced by the 2008 conflict between the GPH and the MILF. For example, in ARMM, 70% of the priority return areas, as identified by the Government, have been affected by flooding.
Poverty and lack of basic social services: The protracted conflict situation has slowed progress in development. ARMM has the second highest poverty incidence in the Philippines, which worsened from 25.0% to 38.1% between 2003 and 2009 (the national average was 20.0% and 20.9%). Twelve out of the 20 provinces with the highest poverty incidence in the Philippines are in Mindanao. According to the study by World Bank (WB) and the World Food Programme (WFP) The Challenges of Displacement and Recovery in central Mindanao (September 2011), hereafter “WB-WFP Survey”, about one-third of the surveyed households have poor access to basic social services and infrastructure, such as education, health care and roads.
3.2 Humanitarian caseload
An estimated 698,000 people affected by the June flooding and armed conflicts need emergency relief and livelihood support in six provinces in central Mindanao (total population: 5.7 million), according to assessments undertaken by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) and IOM. This is an 86% increase from 375,000 people targeted in the HAP 2011, which is attributed to the recurrent flooding since May 2011 and the resumption of IOM’s displacement tracking survey, which
8 Provincial Social Welfare Officer in Basilan (20 October 2011). 9 “Bombs-for-hire”: Experts in bomb-making offering their services for a payment.
25 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
26 3. Needs analysis had been suspended in November 2010 due to a funding shortage. Approximatelly 160,000 people are considered the most vulnerable due to the effects of the 2008 conflict, clan feuds or other types of armed conflicts and longer-term displacement.
According to DSWD and IOM, of the 698,000 people, 122,000 people who had been displaced by the flooding have returned to their places of origin. Another 42,000 people are in host communities (i.e. relatives and friends). An additional 250,000 people have been affected by floods, but are home-based and in need of ER support. ‘Home-based’ people are those who did not evacuate due to a lack of means to evacuate or out of fear of their homes being looted. There are 159,000 people who have been affected by armed conflicts and are home-based, with host-communities or have returned. (See chart below.)
Populattion in need of humanitarian assistance for HAP 2012
Affected population Province/City Male Female* Armed Natural Total conflicts** disasterrss*** Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) Lanao del Sur 7,011 10,190 11,140 6,061 17,201 Maguindanao 184,304 297,052 140,984 340,372 481,356 Soccsksargen Region (Region XII) Cotabato City 49,516 67,291 11 116,796 116,807 North Cotabato 6,969 7,466 1,571 12,864 14,435 South Cotabato 437 284 0 721 721 Sultan Kudarat 7,118 11,017 4,945 13,190 18,135 Northern Mindanao (Region X) Lanao del Norte 19,484 30,112 814 48,782 49,596 Total 274,839 423,412 159,465 538,786 Grand total 698,251 698,251 698,251 (Source: DSWD IDP registration, 29 July 2011; IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix, IOM Site window, 29 September 2011)10 * The gender breakdown is based on the ratio of male and female from the IDP survey of the 2008 armed conflict conducted by Department of Social Welfare and Development. ** “Armed conflicts” include 2008 GPH-MILF conflict, rido from 2009 to 2011 and other armed clashes.. *** “Natural disasters” primarily include flooding and flash flood.
Number of target beneficiaries by trigger The collection of accurate, gender- and (Source: DSWD IDP registration, 29 July 2011; IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix, IOM Site window, 29 September 2011) age-disaggregated information on the IDPs and others who have been affected by armed conflicts and natural disasters has been a common challenge across all clusters due to the fluid and sporadic nature of the displacement, insecurity and limited resoources to conduct assessments. The humanitarian caseload is expectted to increase when local authorities, IOM and other cluster partners compleette their planned assessments in the coming months (see Annex III for a refference list on needs assessments).
Profile of the conflict- and natural disaster-affected people in central Mindanao: The preliminary findings of the WB-WFP Survey, made available in September 2011, inform the overall needs analysis of the HAP. This is a comprehensive population-based survey of select areas in central Mindanao
10 IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix is an assessment tool used to track displacements in evacuation centres. IOM Site Windows is an assessment tool used primarily for flood-affected communities, host communities, return communitties and communities for resettlement. The assessments were undertaken between June and September 2011. The data from DSWD’s IDP registration is the cumulative number oof people displaced by flooding, wwho were registered from May to July 2011.
27 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012 undertaken in November and December 2010 to support strategies to address the long-term recovery needs of the conflict-affected people. The WB-WFP Survey revealed that more than 22% of the households surveyed have been displaced at least once during 2000-2010, with as many as one in ten of those households displaced five times or more. The displacements were both short-term (less than six months) and long-term (averaging 15.6 months). The majority do not flee far from their homes and remain in the same province. This may reflect the fact that many seek the help of family and friends in their locality. The profiles of the currently displaced, returnees and resettled people in central Mindanao are summarized in the following table:
Comparative profile of the currently displaced, returnees and resettled people in central Mindanao
Currently displaced Highest exposure to conflict-related violence, including destruction of dwelling (53%) and loss of assets and harvest (42%) Highest proportion of households with a poor (10%) or borderline (45%) Food Consumption Score (FCS) Poor access to basic services, including access to education (53% ranked bad to very bad) and health care (61% ranked bad to very bad) Poor general sense of security (only 53% considered themselves safe or very safe from crime and violence) Most frequent use of basic construction material for dwelling, such as wood planks, bamboo and palm (53%) Highest proportion of households without a toilet (45%) Highest proportion of households relying on natural resources and a range of activities such as charcoal production, mining or hunting for livelihood Returned to places of origin High proportion of households with a poor (9%) or borderline (34%) FCS Limited access to basic services, including access to education (37% ranked bad to very bad) and health care (53% ranked bad to very bad) Low general sense of security (63% considered themselves safe or very safe from crime and violence) Reliance on basic construction material for dwelling (35%) Highest proportion of households relying on farming for livelihood (51%) 86% recovered their residential plot and 72% recovered their farmland Resettled Low proportion of households with a poor (2%) or borderline (17%) FCS, similar to those who have never been displaced (1% and 14%, respectively) Better access to basic services, including access to education (8% ranked bad to very bad) and health care (24% ranked bad to very bad) High general sense of security (80% consider themselves safe or very safe from crime and violence) Least reliance on basic construction material for dwelling (15%) (Source: WB-WFP Survey, September 2011)
3.3 Priority humanitarian needs
Mindanao marks low on many of the humanitarian and development indicators in the Philippines. Crude death rate is worst in Maguindanao at 7.5 per 1,000 people (national average: 5.5). Under five mortality rate in ARMM is 45 per 1,000 live births (national average: 32). ARMM has the lowest percentage (14.4%) of deaths attended by health professionals.11 (See Annex II for additional basic and development indicators for the Philippines.) In this overall condition of generalized vulnerability and impaired social services, priority needs identified for the HAP 2012 are:
11 The ARMM-wide Investment Plan for Health (2008-2012).
28 3. Needs analysis
Health, Nutrition and WASH: Many of the health facilities are non-functional due to disrepair, lack of human resources, essential medicines, supplies and equipment. For example, in Lanao del Sur, only 82 out of 1,068 barangays (villages), have functioning barangay health stations. The routine disease surveillance system also requires strengthening, as highlighted during the June flooding: communicable diseases accounted for 30% of the deaths that could otherwise have been prevented. In Cotabato City, malnutrition, diarrhoea and pneumonia were the leading causes of morbidity following the June flooding, and caused the only reported deaths in children under five attributed to the disaster. The trend of acute malnutrition prevalence from 2010 to 2011 has shown a consistent SAM prevalence of 1-2% in central Mindanao after screening more than 60,000 children under five. Poor roads and mountainous terrain resulted in gaps in monitoring in Lanao del Sur. The absence of a national monitoring of SAM highlights the need to expand the current community monitoring of acute malnutrition in Mindanao.
Malnutrition has proven links to poor access to safe water in the household. According to the Nutrition Cluster, almost 80% of families with children with SAM reported lack of access to safe water. The DANA report on the June flooding showed that people in Maguindanao used water from unprotected wells, which were either destroyed or polluted by the floods. The need to provide clean water supply and sanitation in flood-affected areas, including health facilities and schools, remains critical. There is also an urgent need to desludge existing toilets and dispose of waste.
Food Security, Agriculture and ER: Over half of the households in Maguindanao studied in the WB-WFP survey have either poor or borderline FCS, which measures the diversity, frequency, and nutritional value of the food items consumed by the household. The FCS for poor or borderline communities was recorded at 40% in Lanao del Sur, 23% in Lanao del Norte and 18% in Sultan Kudarat. The Emergency Food Security and Livelihoods Study (EFSL 2011) by Oxfam and partners revealed that the majority of poor households in Maguindanao, Sultan Kudarat and North Cotabato did not have food stockpiles to last for a week.
Furthermore, the floods in June occurred at a time when most of the farmers were harvesting rice and corn. Large area of farmlands was inundated, leaving communities in dire need of food and livelihoods support until the next harvest in March 2012. The replacement of essential planting materials and agricultural assets is urgently required to help vulnerable crises-affected populations restore their productive activities.. In Maguindanao, 11,200 farmer households face food and livelihood insecurity while the fisheries sector reported major damage to fishing equipment and corals. Floods also damaged irrigation canals and dikes. A number of affected people resort to small income- generating activities such as tricycle-driving, given the lack of formal employment opportunities, reports the ER Cluster.
CCCM: Flood- and conflict-affected communities require hygiene kits, kitchen utensils, sleeping mats and clothing, according to assessments conducted by IOM in August and September 2011. Similar needs were reported by cluster partners for communities in temporary shelters and who experience intermittent rido-related displacement. In addition, displaced and returning families with damaged and/or dilapidated houses need immediate shelter repair assistance to improve the living conditions in IDP sites and return areas. Basic facilities in both IDP and return sites also require repair and rehabilitation towards improved health and security of the families.
Protection, including Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and Child Protection, and Education: Strengthening awareness on early warning, contingency planning and raising awareness on the guiding principles and rights of IDPs are priority needs identified by the Protection Cluster. In 2010-2011, the cluster monitored 70 casualties in ARMM due to mine explosions, 26 in Region IX, 17 in Region XI and 12 in Region XII.
GBV is often under-reported. In ARMM and Region XII, only 10% of health facilities have post-rape kits, and only 50% have trained staff to respond to GBV. The GBV Sub-Cluster received 51 reports of sexual violence against adults and 27 against children in ARMM and Regions X and XII for 2010-
29 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
2011. Improving access to quality services and fostering a safe environment foor treatment, recovery and reintegration is a priority for survivors response.
Grave child rights violations in situations of armed conflict remain widespreadd. The UN-mandated Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism (MRM) is in place in the Philippines with tthe aim of preventing and responding to these abuses which include killing and maiming, recruitment or use of children soldiers, attacks on schools and hospitals, rape or other grave sexual violence, abduction, and denial of humanitarian access for children. The Philippine Country Task Force on Moniitoring and Reporting has noted an increase of recorded grave child rights violations in the past two years. Facilitating response and access to services, continued monitoring of the development of thesse cases, and pursuing advocacy at all levels for mitigation and prevention have to be sustained.
Human trafficking, especially of women and children to both international and national destinations, is a widely known phenomenon. It is reported in Regions ARMM, XI and XII, and there is anecdotal and evidence-based data to suggest that areas across Maguindanao, especially Upi, have the highest flow of children trafficked in the country. A study conducted in GPH-MILF conflict-affected areas concluded that armed conflict and consequent recurrent displacement make women and girls more vulnerable to be trafficked. Recruiters take advantage of poverty, cyclic debt and unintentional acts of family members to traffic women and childrren; therefore there is a need to educate communities on preventing human trafficking.
Meanwhile, one in every four children is out of school in ARMM, often owing to intermittent displacement. The ARMM Government reports that boys constitute the majority of the drop-outs, and there is evidence that they have been recruitteed as child soldiers or child labourers and used by armed groups. Some IDP children who were displaced to urban areas have become juvenile delinquents who require tracking and assistance.
Seasonal calendar and critical events timeline*
* Sources: Incidents Monitoring, OCHA (January to September 2011); Philippine Atmospheric, Geophyysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA); International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centrre, Maize in thee Philippines (2004); and the ARMM website.
30 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan
4.1 Scenarios
Three possible scenarios for the humanitarian situation over the course of 2012 were developed in consultation with humanitarian actors and national and regional authorities during the HAP Workshop in August 2011. Cluster response plans and activities proposed by each cluster in this HAP are planned around the “most likely’ scenario and contingency planning is based on the “worst-case” scenario. The most likely scenario foresees delays to signing of the peace agreement. This could lead to tensions and conflicts with potentially serious humanitarian consequences. Furthermore, continual prevailing natural disasters could lead to substantial displacement.
Most Likely Scenario Phenomena Signing of the peace agreements is delayed and ceasefire agreement is maintained. Intensified conflict (e.g. rido) leads to a deterioration of the security situation and displacements, thus increasing the demand for humanitarian action. Security and access rendered more problematic, especially for the protection and delivery of humanitarian aid to affected populations. Extreme weather events lead to displacement and infrastructure damage. Potential Triggers Decreasing confidence in the peace process. Stalemate of GPH-MILF negotiations. Acceptance of the ARMM transition government. World economy slows investment in economic development in Mindanao. Obstructions (i.e. water lilies) cause flooding of waterways. Flood control systems are not in place. Affected Population Populations in conflict-affected areas. Social service, economic and agriculture sector. Rural and urban populations in low lying areas. Humanitarian Implications Increased demand for humanitarian aid. Reduced access to affected populations. Humanitarian actors maintain presence at 2011 level. Projected Number at Risk 698,000 people
The best-case scenario envisions a signing of the peace agreement and the results being widely accepted and sustained. The improved political context would see increased humanitarian access, decreased humanitarian needs and stabilization throughout Mindanao. Communities would be resilient to the effects of harsh natural disasters.
31 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
Best-Case Scenario Phenomena Stabilization of political and military environment. Commitment of the Government and MILF to sustain the peace process. Reduction in rido incidents, leading to fewer, sporadic and temporary population displacements. Improved livelihoods and access to health and protection services. Comprehensive agreement on socio-economic reforms. Community resilience to natural disasters, including the institution and functioning of early warning and surveillance systems for effective management and response to natural disaster. Common understanding and delivery of the criminal justice system. Improved health and protection of IDPs. Potential Triggers Signed peace agreement between the Government and MILF with no violence that could constrain humanitarian access. Resumption of peace talks between the Government and the Communist Party of the Philippines (NPA). Pressure exerted by international community and domestic, civil society to sign the peace agreement and continue with the peace talks. Economic stability and adequate budget allocation leading. Strengthened regional government that develops regional resolutions, i.e. to respond to rido. Preparedness measures in place to respond to natural disasters. Long-term strategy for the rehabilitation on the Mindanao River basin. Affected Population Mindanao population, including populations with existing vulnerabilities (i.e. IDPs, returnees). Humanitarian Implications Withdrawal of humanitarian assistance and shift to development programming. Increased demand for social services. Increased employment opportunities.
The worst-case scenario points to a stalling of the peace process, the deterioration of government functions, heightened hostilities throughout Mindanao and serious repercussions as a result of complex major natural disasters.
Worst-Case Scenario Phenomena Wide-scale armed offensives between Moro groups and the AFP, causing heightened insecurity and a further reduction of humanitarian space. Increased armed confrontations between Moro groups and civilian volunteer organizations. Proliferation of displacement, torture, abduction, killing and protection-related incidents. Increased surge of natural disasters. Disruption of government functions and social services including health and education. Spread of economic and food insecurity. Potential Triggers Complete breakdown of the peace process (GPH-MILF, GPH-MNLF, International Monitoring Team). Political instability related to the transition of the ARMM interim government. Occurrence of consecutive natural disaster events and no mitigation measures implemented. Affected Population Mindanao population. Humanitarian Implications Increased humanitarian consequences including mass population displacement, secondary/tertiary displacements and a cease of reintegration for returnees. Restricted access by humanitarian actors to affected populations. Complexity of natural disaster events is beyond the response capacity of the government. Urgent review of the HAP resulting in increased need for humanitarian assistance and efforts resource mobilization. Acute strain on contingency stocks. Projected Number at Risk 1.5 million people.
32 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan
4.2 The humanitarian strategy
The overarching goal of the HAP 2012 is to address the acute humanitarian needs of the people affected by armed conflicts and natural disaster in central Mindanao to carry them through the protracted crisis until the GPH-MILF peace agreement is signed, without which an enabling environment for return and resettlement is difficult to establish. The current Government administration plans to reach a peace settlement with the MILF by 2015. Protection, in the sense of ensuring survival and physical security of the people who are caught in armed conflicts, is the primary objective of this HAP. To achieve this, the HAP 2012 will aim to fill key gaps in health; food security; nutrition; wash; shelter; protection monitoring; and rehabilitation of basic social infrastructure damaged by floods and armed conflict for 698,000 people in central Mindanao. The targeted population are in IDP sites, return communities and host communities. People who have remained in conflict- and natural disaster-affected areas due to a lack of means to evacuate or out of fear of their homes being looted will also be supported. Insecurity remains the main challenge for humanitarian actors, particularly in responding to sporadic armed conflicts involving various parties such as the AFP, MILF, NPA and clans. Community-level protection monitoring capabilities will be strengthened in partnership with local NGOs to gather timely information and at the same time enhance the early warning system.
Livelihood support is critical in reducing vulnerability, strengthening resilience to shocks, and creating sustainable opportunities. However, there are few funding mechanisms in place that can provide timely assistance to a low-intensity, protracted conflict situation in a lower middle-income country.12 The HAP campaigns for support for livelihood activities in order to provide essential assistance until political stability and medium- and long-term development programmes begin to shift the root causes of displacement.
This will require a communications strategy to advocate funding and the appropriate level of humanitarian presence in Mindanao, targeting donors and the headquarters of humanitarian agencies. The advocacy will be backed by additional needs assessments that the HCT and the MHT will continue to seek to undertake to gather more accurate data and improve the analysis of the needs of the affected population. The findings will strengthen the implementation of this HAP and will be published in regular humanitarian updates consolidated by OCHA.
The Government has requested international humanitarian aid for other parts of Mindanao, and in particular, Basilan, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi Provinces of the ARMM. Insecurity has hampered humanitarian actors from undertaking needs assessments in these areas, and therefore, the HAP 2012 will remain focused on responding to needs assessed primarily in central Mindanao. This does not preclude a revision to expand the scope of the HAP, should humanitarian access improve in the ZamBASULTA region and needs are assessed.
The cluster response plans will further detail the proposed strategy and activities for each sector, including ways the cluster partners will complement the government-led humanitarian response as well as development programmes such as the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) 2012-2018. (See Annex V for a reference list on programmes planned or implemented by the government and development partners that are relevant to this HAP).
12 According to the Income Group defined by the WB, “lower-middle-income” refers to economies with 2010 gross national income per capita of “$1,006 to $3,975”. (http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications).
33 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
4.3 Strategic objectives and indicators for humanitarian action in 2012
The Humanitarian Coordinator (HC) led the discussion on the strategic objectives for 2012 during the HAP Workshop (15-16 August 2011, Cotabato City), where national and regional authorities and humanitarian organizations agreed to three priorities (see table below). These strategic objectives are built on those of HAP 2011, and reflect the lessons learned, the evolving humanitarian situation and the most likely scenario agreed for 2012.
The primary purpose of the HAP 2012 is to address the acute humanitarian needs of the people affected by armed conflicts and natural disasters in central Mindanao. In line with the priorities set by the Government, protection has been agreed as the overarching priority for the HAP 2012.
The strategic objectives also take into account opportunities to lead Mindanao out of a protracted crisis. The vulnerability of the people will be reduced by providing livelihood opportunities and building institutional capacity of local government and communities ahead of potential spikes in fighting or another major flooding. The longer-term goals of disaster risk reduction (DRR) articulated in the Philippine Republic Act 10121, also known as the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (DRRM Law), fall broadly under development cooperation and will be addressed by non- humanitarian mechanisms such as UNDAF 2012-2018. Eight indicators have been selected to monitor the overall humanitarian situation and the progress towards reaching the strategic objectives. The proposed monitoring system is three-tiered: (1) cluster partners monitor the implementation of their projects and share updates with their cluster leads; (2) cluster leads compile the information quarterly and analyze information against cluster objectives and indicators; (3) OCHA compiles the information for review by the HCT. The progress on strategic objectives will be published quarterly in the Mindanao Humanitarian Situation Updates, bi-annually on the Humanitarian Dashboard and during the HAP mid-year review, through a process managed by OCHA.
Strategic objective Indicator Target Monitoring method Strategic Objective 1 No. of affected people Baseline: SPHERE Clusters Monitoring Protect the affected in IDP sites and return standard. report (quarterly) population, particularly areas with access to Target: 6 regions / vulnerable individuals basic services that 698,251 people. and groups, building meet humanitarian Source: Clusters on existing standards, for example Monitoring Report. mechanisms SPHERE. No. of protection cases Baseline: Currently Protection Monitoring reported by state/non- being established. Report (quarterly) state actors that Source: Protection receive an adequate Monitoring Report. response. Prevalence of acute Baseline: 6.1% Nutrition Clusters malnutrition in children (National). Report (quarterly) under five years old Source: Department of below the national Science and average percentage. Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute, 2008. Crude mortality rate Baseline: The national NSO Quickstat average of 5.4 deaths (latest statistics) (per thousand people) (National, April 2011), National Statistics Office (NSO) Quickstat
34 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan
Strategic objective Indicator Target Monitoring method Strategic Objective 2 Coordination between Baseline: MHT Clusters Monitoring Support the the Government and contingency plan and report (quarterly) Government in the MHT to respond to Damage Assessment responding to disasters, including and Needs Analysis emergencies to reduce contingency planning, Source: Local vulnerability of the needs assessments Government and affected population, and response plans. related institutions based on assessed needs. Strategic Objective 3 Percentage of local Baseline: 17% Clusters Monitoring Support the return to government units with Target: 11 provinces, 8 report (quarterly) normality of affected a functional early cities and 50% of 213 populations, recovery plan in place municipalities particularly livelihood to support returnees opportunities, and affected by conflict and strengthen the natural disaster. capacity of the local Percentage of former Baseline: Currently Clusters Monitoring government and IDPs who acquire being established report (quarterly) communities to do so. additional livelihood Target: 10,000 families skills through targeted and 3,000 women early recovery / Source: Clusters livelihood activities. Monitoring Report Percentage of 50,000 Baseline: 80% Cluster Monitoring farmers who produce Source: FAO report (quarterly) sustainable quota of Target: 50,000 farmers food.
4.4 Criteria for selection and prioritization of projects
Projects put forward in this HAP have been selected and prioritized through a three-stage process guided by criteria agreed by the HCT and the MHT: (1) peer review within clusters and approval by cluster leads; (2) review by the HCT; and (3) final endorsement by the HC. Criteria for selection and prioritization of projects are: HAP Project Selection Criteria
1. The needs that the project plans to address must be confirmed by evidence that is solid by reason of first-hand assessment on the ground, or triangulation (multiple independent sources). 2. The project must contribute to the cluster objectives, and must contribute towards the achievement of at least one of the strategic objectives agreed at the HAP 2012 Workshop for the humanitarian operation in 2012.
3. The project must present a clear target in specified operational areas and should not duplicate actions implemented by other organizations.
4. The project must identify and respond to the distinct needs of women, girls, boys and men as well as vulnerable groups including the elderly and people with disabilities, or justify its focus on one group (i.e. targeted action).
5. The implementing agency must have a recognized capacity to implement the project. 6. The proposing organization must be part of existing coordination structures (cluster working group member).
7. The implementation of the project or part thereof must be feasible within the 12-month timeframe (considering access as well as organizational capacity).
35 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
8. The project must be cost-effective in terms of the number of beneficiaries and the needs to which the project intends to respond. 9. Wherever possible, the project shall include national NGOs and other national partners.
10. Projects should avoid repetition with projects in 2011; where such repetition is unavoidable, the proposing organization should justify why the particular project is needed for another year. HAP Project Prioritization Criteria
1. The project responds to life-saving needs of vulnerable people.
2. The project builds vulnerable people’s resilience to harm or threats. 3. The project aims to restore livelihood and can be implemented within the 12-month timeframe.
4. The project includes cross-cutting issues, e.g. gender, SGBV, age, people with disability.
5. The project is developed and implemented through a participatory approach that involves local authorities, communities and the civil society.
6. The project produces new data on needs that can be used by other organizations across sectors.
7. The project provides direct support (logistics, telecommunication, coordination, security and other common services) to life-saving assistance, protection or ER.
8. The project is a joint programme between international organizations and national NGOs.
9. The project supports UN Security Council-mandated operations. Seven of the nine prioritization criteria emanate from the three overarching strategic objects of the HAP 2012 to ensure that prioritized needs are addressed, with one criterion dedicated to immediate, life-saving activities. A criterion on joint programming has been added to promote Principles of Partnership and an extended Delivery as One approach supported by some donors, which encourages geographic and programmatic convergence of activities for efficiency and maximum impact. Attention is also given to UN Security Council mandated-operations undertaken in the Philippines that have humanitarian implications, such as Children and Armed Conflict.
The CERF’s life-saving criteria has been used to identify “life-saving” activities in the proposed project (criteria 1). A project with a Gender Marker code 2a or 2b is considered as meeting the criterion on including cross-cutting issues in terms of gender (criteria 4).
Requirements by priority Number of projects by priority $35 25 73% 79% $30 20 Millions $25
$20 15
$15 10 $10 18% 17% $5 5 10% 3% $0 0 Immediate High Medium Immediate High Medium
36 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
See Annex IV for additional maps on geographical coverage by province.
37 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
4.5 Cluster response plans
4.5.1 Camp Coordination and Camp Management
Summary of cluster response plan Government lead DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT / agency / Co-lead agency INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION TMS-ORG, DepEd-ARMM, RPDO-ARMM, PAMANA-ARMM, OCD- Cluster member ARMM, UNICEF, UNHCR, UNFPA, WHO, WFP, UNDP, OCHA, CFSI, organizations MTB, CEMILARDEF, Save the Children, Oxfam, MAPAD, ACF, HOM, MERN, MinHRAC, KFI, NPP Number of projects 3 1. Conduct and complete needs assessments in all IDP sites and return communities and disseminate the results to the government, humanitarian partners, and other stakeholders. 2. Provide up to 40,000 conflict and natural disaster-affected families with emergency shelter and NFI support based on agreed cluster Cluster objectives standards. 3. Improve the overall situation in sites expected to house IDPs for more than two weeks and conflict/flood-affected communities by establishing site management mechanisms and rehabilitate communal facilities. Number of beneficiaries 698,251 people Funds required $2,850,000 Immediate: $1,300,000 Funds required per High: $750,000 priority level Medium: $800,000 Contact information Dave Bercasio ([email protected])
Disaggregated number of affected population and beneficiaries Category of affected Number of people in need Targeted beneficiaries people Female Male Total Female Male Total IDPs 28,017 18,186 46,203 28,017 18,186 46,203 Conflict-affected 96,698 62,767 159,465 96,698 62,767 159,465 Flooded and flood- 151,326 98,228 249,554 151,326 98,228 249,554 affected Returnees 121,883 79,114 200,997 121,883 79,114 200,997 Host communities 25,488 16,544 42,032 25,488 16,544 42,032 Totals 423,412 274,839 698,251 423,412 274,839 698,251
The CCCM Cluster has made significant progress in data collection and needs assessment of displaced and affected populations due to armed conflict and natural disasters in central Mindanao. Despite the improvement in CCCM data collection, the cluster is unable to conduct mapping of all the IDP sites and return areas due to insufficient funding. In order to deliver effective and efficient humanitarian assistance to target beneficiaries, in particular, vulnerable groups such as women, children, the elderly, and the disabled, completion of assessments in all IDP sites and return areas has been identified as a priority. This objective supports the cluster’s proposed programme to provide up to 10,000 emergency shelter and 30,000 NFI kits to conflict- and natural disaster-affected populations.
The cluster also seeks to improve the overall situation in the IDP sites and return communities by establishing site management mechanisms and rehabilitation programmes of communal facilities in camps expected to house IDPs for more than two weeks and to affected communities. This will ensure
38 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan that those who experience prolonged displacement are provided with essential services and are able to live a dignified life.
A. Sectoral needs analysis
Identification of priority needs, populations and locations based on key indicators While the general trend in central Mindanao suggests that most IDPs are returning to their places of origin, 46,203 people continue to reside in IDP sites (including evacuation centres, transitional sites, makeshift shelters and relocation sites) and 249,554 people in flooded and flood-affected communities in Cotabato City, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, North Cotabato, South Cotabato, and Sultan Kudarat are in need of humanitarian assistance. For the 200,997 people who have returned, numerous challenges continue to persist including the lack of livelihood assistance. In the 52 return sites assessed by IOM, ongoing security concerns and lack of shelter and community infrastructure are the most cited impediments to sustainable return. In a recent IOM assessment of 87 IDP camps/evacuation centre sites, the following findings based on the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) humanitarian and other indicators reveal significant gaps in provision of basic services, particularly towards vulnerable groups:
Gaps in service delivery in IDP camps % of displaced people living in camps or collective centres that do not have an organized 74% site management committee % of IDP camps that have not had at least one NFI distribution in the last three months 91% % of IDP camps that do not offer programmes for disabled camp residents 95% % of IDP camps that do not offer programmes for elderly camp residents 94% % of IDP camps that do not offer programmes for children camp residents 87% % of IDP camps that do not offer programmes for women camp residents 84% Source: IOM (2011)
Similar results are also evident in return and flooded communities where only 38% of sites have received shelter assistance and 50% of the sites report lack of drinking water. In IDP sites and return communities alike, communal hygiene facilities, hygiene promotion and psycho-social programmes are severely needed. Communal facility rehabilitation must also take into account the distinct needs of vulnerable populations. For example, in the IOM-assessed IDP sites in Cotabato City where 76% of the residents are women, there were no separate toilets for men and women. Similar problems are reported across all sites including communal facilities not adequately lit during the night. The cluster also requires additional resources in order to institutionalize existing monitoring tools and transfer capacities to local government units, agencies and NGOs.
Based on the aforementioned situational analysis, it is imperative that support be provided towards the CCCM Cluster’s current project priorities.
Risk analysis Consultations within the CCCM Cluster and with other partners have identified that a decrease in confidence in the peace process between the Government and the MILF may result in ceasefire violations. An increase in ridos among local families/clans could also trigger further displacement. In the case where a significant deterioration of the political environment will occur, exacerbated by further natural disasters causing additional damage to livelihood assets, about 1.5 million of the civilian population will be affected. A decline in the security situation will impede humanitarian access to vulnerable population and prevent further mapping and needs assessment initiatives.
Inter-relations of needs with Shelter, WASH, Health and Protection Clusters In order to comprehensively address the needs of the affected population, continuing partnership with all clusters is necessary. The provision of shelter and communal rehabilitation programming, for example, requires close collaboration with the Shelter, WASH, and Health Clusters. Addressing the gaps in the specific needs of the most vulnerable groups (women, children, elderly, and disabled) and displaced populations in general requires a robust protection framework and coordinated consultation with the Protection Cluster.
39 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
B. Coverage of needs by actors not in the cluster or HAP Needs assessment and NFI distribution mechanisms continue to be a challenge, according to actors who are not members of the CCCM Cluster, in particular, local NGOs providing assistance to IDPs. Information management requires significant improvement. For example, in Maguindanao, the high level of illiteracy rate among the heads of households and the lack of birth registration makes it very difficult to collect disaggregated data especially age and the needs of specific vulnerable groups, especially women. This challenge makes it difficult to analyse age and gender-specific concerns. Other anecdotal accounts from NGOs suggests that while the presence of international organizations have significantly contributed to the improvement of NFI and shelter distribution mechanisms, engaging local community leaders to provide security guarantees and distribution access remains problematic.
C. Objectives, outcomes, outputs, and indicators Cluster Objectives Outcomes with Indicators with corresponding targets corresponding targets and baseline 1. Conduct and complete Needs of all IDP sites and return 100% of IDP sites and return needs assessment in all areas, especially those of areas assessed and needs IDP sites and return vulnerable groups and gender are communicated to the communities and specific needs are assessed other MHT clusters. disseminate the result to the and communicated to MHT government, humanitarian clusters towards timely provision partners, and other of humanitarian response. stakeholders. 2. Provide up to 40,000 Improved living conditions of up 40,000 shelter and NFI kits affected families with to 40,000 families with damaged are distributed to conflict- and emergency shelter and NFI or dilapidated shelters or lack in natural disaster-affected kits based on agreed cluster basic household items. households. standards. 3. Improve the overall situation Improved living conditions in up Site management committees in sites expected to house to 74 IDP sites and priority established and IDPs for more than two return communities through the repair/rehabilitation/upgrade weeks and conflict/flood- establishment of site of basic facilities implemented affected communities by management committees and in up to 74 IDP sites and establishing site rehabilitation of essential priority return communities. management mechanisms facilities with focus on the and rehabilitate communal specific needs of women, men facilities. and children and, the elderly and people with disabilities.
D. Cluster monitoring plan The cluster objectives will be monitored via regular displacement and return monitoring reports on needs and response. Distribution of emergency shelter and NFI kits will be monitored through distribution reports and DSWD’s Disaster Response Operations Monitoring and Information Centre reports. The cluster will utilize the displacement and tracking matrix and conduct an inventory of site management committees to monitor site management mechanisms and the rehabilitation of communal facilities.
Regular consultation among CCCM Cluster members and other partners is essential to ensure a coordinated response and feedback on ongoing priority projects.
E. Table of proposed coverage per area AREA ORGANIZATIONS Lanao del Sur Kalimudan Maguindanao and Cotabato City Save the Children North Cotabato Mindanao Tulong Bakwet South Cotabato Mahintana Sultan Kudarat OND HESED Lanao del Norte Kaabag Ranaw
40 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan
4.5.2 Coordination Summary of cluster response plan Government lead OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENCE / UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR THE agency / Co-lead COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS agency Cluster member OCHA, cluster members organizations Number of projects 1 Strengthen coordination to support delivery of humanitarian assistance to Cluster objectives the most vulnerable in the Philippines Number of 698,251 conflict/natural disaster-affected people beneficiaries (female: 423,412, male: 274,839) Funds required $1,061,540 Funds required per High: $1,061,540 priority level Contact information David Carden ([email protected])
A. Sectoral needs analysis
Identification of priority needs, populations and locations based on key indicators Despite the sustained ceasefire agreement in Mindanao, the need for humanitarian relief continues with vulnerable people affected by insecurity, sporadic conflict causing displacement, and compounded by endemic poverty and shocks such as natural disasters. In 2011, 375,000 displaced, returnee and home-based people required humanitarian assistance. These humanitarian needs call for united and coordinated action to address the existing caseload and establish a sustainable bridge to longer-term recovery and rehabilitation efforts. Given this, the humanitarian community in the Philippines is committed to strengthen the capacity of national and local governments and partners to respond to the protracted crisis and emerging disasters, as well as focus on response preparedness, thereby reducing the future humanitarian caseload. Coordination of needs assessments and response: There are more than 50 UN agencies, NGOs, government bodies, and other partners who manage humanitarian operations in Mindanao, and are members of the MHT and the HCT. This is a sizable number of organizations. In addition, the administrative structure is extremely complex in Mindanao. Humanitarian actors make the effort to coordinate with the autonomous government (i.e. ARMM), a city government geographically embedded in the ARMM but independent of it, and local, municipal, regional and national government counterparts. The response to the May-July flooding in central Mindanao that affected Regions X, XI, XII and ARMM demonstrated a need for an efficient and effective way to coordinate with respective government counterparts in their greatest hour of need. With effective coordination, aid can reach the right people at the right time, with fewer gaps and duplications.
Reaching out to local NGOs: As the majority of the humanitarian agencies are concentrated in central Mindanao, it is also important to continue to reach out to local NGOs who are active outside of the sphere of the MHT to ensure a coherent response. In 2011, OCHA began to hold regular coordination meetings in Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur. The high level of interest expressed by 44 organizations indicates the demand for coordination and information in these locations. Humanitarian access: Humanitarian actors are making efforts to remain apolitical while having to associate with peace building organizations, and state and non-state armed actors. In this complex operating environment, negotiating with all parties on issues such as access, the protection of civilians and aid workers, and on humanitarian principles is critical in ensuring that aid reaches those who need it.
41 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
Inter-agency contingency planning: The mmassive flooding of May-July 2011 was a reminder of Mindanao’s vulnerability to natural disasters. Periodic review of the multi-disaster contingency plan is a priority.
Gender mainstreaming: Clusters have reported evidence of disasters’ differential effect on girls, boys, women and men. For example, IDP registration undertaken by DSWD (Jully 2011) reported that 1.6 girls or women for every boy or a man were displaced during the flooding of May-July. Advocacy for gender mainstreaming, as well as other cross cutting issues, is essential.
Coordinated resource mobilization: The HAP 2011 took a while to attract funds, and the ER sector struggled the most to mobilize resources. There is clearly a need to raise general awareness on the importance of providing livelihood support to the affected people in order to help them out of the crisis. OCHA’s coordination function, including inter-cluster coordination, is critical in strengthening coordination and providing critical analyses of essential humanitarian information, in addition to promoting response preparedness at the regional level, led by government and supported by the humanitarian community. The OCHA country office provides a full range off coordination products and services, including mapping, information products, liaison with local authorities and coordination with local partners in support of the HCT and the MHT. At the Manila level, the OCHA office pursues and The Humanitarian Response website is a resource for all partners who work to support the people affected by emergencies in the reinforces efforts to strengthen the cluster Philippines. (htttp://ph.one.un.org/response/) structure and provide analysis for advocacy and deccisions that support field operations. The sub-office in Cotabato Ciitty monitors risks in Mindanao, maps security incidents, undertakes trend analyses and highlights gaps in needs. OCHA supports the multi-directional flow of information between the MHT based in Cotabato City and the HCT based in Manila to enhance coordinatiion of field activities. As a result of strengthened cluster coordination, the clusters are able to better identify gaps and overlaps in activiities and measure the impact of humanitarian action.
Risk analysis
Lack of dedicated cluster coordinators and high staff turnover in some sectors are a challenge to maintaining a functioning cluster system. Newly appointed government officials require orientation of the international humanitarian response mechanism and others will benefit from a re-familiarization. Appropriate level of cluster capacity and government counterparts who are well informed on the cluster system will help ensure a coordinatedd response during emergencies.
The new DRRM Act of 2010 (Republic Act 10121) lacks a reference to the cluster approach, and therefore the Government plans to streamline the existing cluster arrangement to ensure consistency. In the meantime, the Government, HCT and MHT, will consult closely through tthhe Government-HCT TWG mechanism whenever the roles and respponsibilities of each stakeholder are nnot apparent.
Coordination adds value to every humanitarian dollar spent. To ensure the deliivery of coordination services, coordination needs sustained and inncreased funding in 2012.
Inter-relations of needs with other sectors
The clusters are a crucial coordination mechhanism for the humanitarian community in the Philippines and ensure that humanitarian assistance is more predictable and effective in its assessment of needs
42 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan and implementation of targeted response. The Government considers the cluster approach as the mechanism to improve the delivery of humanitarian assistance during disaster response in a coordinated and effective approach, and has formally instituted the cluster approach in 2007. The HAP 2012 represents this broad cluster configuration, and therefore, coordination involves all sectors represented in this HAP. The HCT, MHT and the NDRRMC-HCT TWG provide an important inter- cluster coordination mechanism to improve overall coordination and make recommendations on issues related to international humanitarian assistance.
B. Coverage of needs by actors not in the cluster or HAP The humanitarian community in the Philippines recognizes the importance of effective coordination through the clusters to reduce the vulnerabilities of affected populations. Humanitarian initiatives and activities undergo rigorous consultation and assessment to ensure the needs of affected populations are met. While the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) and the Philippine Red Cross (PRC) are not active participants to the HAP 2012, they are observers to the HCT and are consulted on all phases of the HAP process.
C. Objectives, outcomes and outputs with indicators
Outcomes with corresponding targets Outputs with corresponding targets
Objective: Strengthened coordination to support delivery of life-saving humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable in the Philippines (Supports Strategic Objectives 1, 2 and 3) 1. Information analysis and information products 12 Situation Updates for 2012 provided to support operational needs and situational understanding (maps, 3W and 4 Who/What/Where updates for 2012 reporting) 2. Enhanced repository of information to support One information product per request to decision making and advocacy (messages, support decision making and advocacy talking points) 3. Humanitarian activities prioritized based on Eight clusters supported with comprehensive assessed needs and gaps by facilitating field- and current situation analyses. (cluster level consultation survey) 4. Resources mobilized for humanitarian activities 54% HAP funding level (baseline of HAP 2011)
D. Cluster monitoring plan Monitoring of indicators will be carried out on a regular and as needed basis through the preparation of monthly situation updates, analytical reports, joint missions and information products. The One Response Philippines website will make available a range of key information and data required for effective response and advocacy planning. Changes to the context and related humanitarian implications for coordination will be reflected in revisions of the cluster response plan.
E. Proposed coverage OCHA will support humanitarian coordination in Cotabato City, Iliagan City, Davo City and Manila.
43 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
4.5.3 Early Recovery
Summary of cluster response plan Government lead OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE / agency / Co-lead agency UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME Government organizations: OCD, DILG, DOLE, DAF, TESDA, RPDO- ARMM / Technical Management Staff of the Office of the Regional Cluster member Governor-ARMM organizations UN and I/NGOs: IOM, UNICEF, UNHCR, WFP, FAO, OXFAM-GB, JICA, SC, MTB, MYROi, CEMILARDEF, Devcon Number of projects 1 The Cluster aims to support the return to normality of affected populations, particularly livelihood opportunities and strengthen the capacity of the local government and communities to do so, by: Cluster objectives 1. promoting and supporting sustainable non-agri livelihood initiatives for 10,000 families in target priority sites; 2. providing technical skills trainings to 10,000 families in the identified priority sites. Number of 50,000 people (female: 15,000; male: 35,000), including 7,500 people in beneficiaries Agusan del Sur and Surigao del Sur Funds required $2,150,000 Funds required per High: $2,150,000 priority level Contact information Winston Aylmer Camarinas ([email protected])
Categories and disaggregated numbers of affected population and beneficiaries
Category of affected Number of people in need Targeted beneficiaries people* Female Male Total Female Male Total Maguindanao 297,052 184,304 481,356 4,500 10,500 15,000 North Cotabato 7,466 6,969 14,435 1,500 3,500 5,000 Sultan Kudarat 11,017 7,118 18,135 1,500 3,500 5,000 Lanao del Sur 10,190 7,011 17,201 1,500 3,500 5,000 Lanao del Norte 30,112 19,484 49,596 3,000 7,000 10,000 Cotabato City 67,291 49,516 116,807 750 1,750 2,500 Totals 423,128 274,402 697,530 12,750 29,750 42,500 * The Early Recovery Cluster will also target Agusan del Sur and Surigao del Sur Provinces, with following numbers of people in need extrapolated from OCD reports: Agusan del Sur (Total: 238,289 people with 142,913 female and 95,276 male; Target beneficiaries: 4,000 people; 1,200 female; 2,800 male) and Surigal del Sur (Total: 192,133 people with 115,280 female and 76,853 male; Total beneficiaries: 3,500 people; 1,050 female; 2,450 male).
A. Sectoral needs analysis
Identification of priority needs, populations and locations based on key indicators As the ER Cluster seeks to expand operationally to 11 priority provinces and 10 cities in Mindanao in 2012, the challenge remains in ensuring that poor agricultural and rural economies reeling from recurring disasters are able to secure food and restart livelihood activities. The cluster recognizes that the transitional needs of disaster-affected communities centre on:
providing women and men with access to livelihood opportunities and resources. rebuilding community assets and infrastructures to support livelihood activities, including access to market, especially for the most vulnerable sectors, i.e. women, elderly and people with special needs.
44 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan
reeorganizing community structures to strengthen protection and revitaliization of livelihood activities and productivity. Flooding damages agriculture and fishery production, and infrastructure: The NDRRMC reportedd that floods in the first half of 2011 damaged or destroyed large tracts of crop lands in 13 mainland provinces as well as the cities of Davao and Cotabato in Mindanao. The floods in the first quarter affected 815,507 people across five regions in Mindanao, with CARAGGA having the highest number of affected families at 113,732. They suffered from an estimated Philipppine peso (PHP) 72 million ($1.7 million) worth of damages to crops and PHP545,000 ($13,000) damages to infrastructure.
As a result of the flooding in June 2011, which affected 70% of the 46 return sites prioritized in the 2010 ARMM ER Plan, a total of 11,197 farmer households in 26 municipalities in Maguindanao (or 12.7% of the flood-affected families) faceed food and livelihood insecurity, according to DSWD Maguindanao (report of 29 June 2011). This was largely due to the widespread damages to crops. The DANA findings indicated that 14,962 hectares of rice, corn and vegetable fields and fruit trees were damaged with a total production loss of PHP84.9 million ($2.0 million). 12% of the rice field and 10% of the corn field have no chance of recovery. Furthermore, the fisheries sector reported a loss of fishing gears, equipment, cages, fish corals valued at seven million pesos ($162,000), affecting 690 fisher households in 22 municipalities in Maguindanao. An estimated cost of damages to irrigation canals/dikes and facilities was PHP19.3 million ($445,000).13
Lack of access to livelihood opportunitiees and resources: Twelve out of the 20 provinces of the country with high percentage of poverty incidence are in Mindanao, and four proovinces targeted for ER in the cluster response plan are included in this category: Agusan del Sur (51.2), Maguindanao (44.5), Lanao del Norte (39) and Lanao del Sur (36.8) with a combined population of 3.6 million14 and are vulnerable to risks/hazards. The high percentage of poverty incidence in Mindanao is attributed to the lack of access to livelihood opportunities and resources, and low income of the majority of subsistence communities. These communities are morre vulnerable to disasters, and in order to Source:: OXFAM (20111), EFSL survive, disaster-affected families often engage in short-term employment in the informal sector by becoming domestic helpers, hired labour, and agricultural migrant workers.
A targeted sampling of four flood-affected barangays in four municipalities of Maguindanao in OXFAM’s EFSL revealed that the main livelihood in these areas were farming (rice/corn), fishing, and weaving of kalakat (oil palm stalks) (also see chart on the types of livelihoods in Maguindanao). Women engage in kalakat weaving, mat weaving, gathering of suuso (snails), gathering kangkong (water spinach) and fish vending. Overall, lack of access to capital and farming inputs for replanting, poor access to market due to bad road conditions, and high cost of transport are key challenges for the disaster-affected households in rebuilding their livelihoods. In conflict-affected areas, the problem is compounded by protection issues.
The EFSL Study recommends food-for-work (FFW) (e.g. dredging work, working on dikes), communal gardening, vegetable-gardening, provision of fishing equipment such as banca (outrigger
13 National Irrigation Administration Maguindanao. 14 National Statistics Office (NSO) population data (2009).
45 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012 boats) and nets to assist ER. Women should be trained in dried fish processing and marketing, skills training in water lily and kangkong processing/marketing.
Risk analysis
ER initiatives are hinged on the safe return of displaced families to their places of origin or resettlement/relocation areas. Risks that are particularly pertinent to ER of disaster-affected communities are poor governance, limited resources, lack of community ownership, poor infrastructure (i.e. roads, local market), and unstable peace and security.
Inter-relations of needs with other sectors
The effectiveness and sustainability of ER efforts is closely linked with programmes and services provided by other clusters such as Food Security, Education, Health, Nutrition, WASH and Protection. For ER to gain momentum, damaged infrastructure such as roads, bridges, river dikes and irrigation canals should be rebuilt, rivers de-silted, and debris cleared.
B. Coverage of needs by actors not in the cluster or HAP The presence of other donor-funded programmes in Mindanao, and in ARMM in particular, have contributed to the continuing trust and confidence building programmes of the government to address the strategic and long-term issues of poverty, poor governance, and peace and development. These programmes include ARMM Social Fund assisted by the WB, which is working closely with DSWD; Japan-Bangsamoro Initiative for Reconstruction and Development (J-BIRD) funded by the Government of Japan working with the Bangsamoro Development Authority; education programmes funded by Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) working closely with the Department of Education (DepEd); and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)- funded Local Support Program for Economic Development, among others. Progress should be monitored and reported by all participating communities and implementing agencies to promote greater transparency, accountability and ownership.
C. Objectives, outcomes and outputs with indicators Overarching strategic objective: Support the return to normality of affected populations, particularly livelihood opportunities, and strengthen the capacity of the local government and communities to do so.
Outcomes with corresponding targets Outputs with corresponding targets Objective 1. To promote and support sustainable non-agricultural initiative for 10,000 families in the priority sites 10,000 disaster-affected families in target 10,000 disaster-affected families in target priority sites are able to access livelihood priority sites provided with livelihood support support and engaged in productive economic 3,000 women provided with skills training as activities part of livelihood support At least 30% of livelihood support activities are managed by women
D. Cluster monitoring plan The implementation of the cluster response plan will be jointly monitored by implementing partners at the community (barangay), municipal, provincial and regional levels throughout the duration of the project cycle. LGUs and communities will submit reports, which the cluster will review. A rapid base-lining, including capacity needs assessment, will be undertaken prior to project implementation to help set the goals to be attained by the end of 2012.
The cluster will use a monitoring tool, which will be designed to determine quantitative and qualitative impact of cluster actions to the communities and participating LGUs. The progress towards attaining outputs and outcomes will be monitored quarterly, while inputs and processes will be monitored monthly at all levels of implementation.
A Monitoring Body will be formed within the cluster with defined terms of reference to keep track of progress and to immediately address issues that may arise. United Nations Development Programme
46 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan
(UNDP) and key government partners such OCD, the DILG, and in ARMM, the Regional Planning and Development Office (RPDO), will join the Monitoring Body.
E. Table of proposed coverage per site
SITE / AREA ORGANIZATIONS Maguindanao and Cotabato City Cemilardef / Devcon / MYROi / OCD ARMM and OCD Region XII Sultan Kudarat and Tacurong City IOM / MTB / Devcon / OCD Region XII North Cotabato and Kidapawan IOM / MTB / OXFAM City Lanao del Sur & Marawi City OXFAM / OCD- ARMM / DILG – ARMM Lanao del Norte & Iligan City OXFAM / SC / OCD 10 Agusan Sur & Butuan City OXFAM / OCD - CARAGA Surigao Sur & the cities of Bislig OXFAM / OCD – CARAGA and Tandag Basilan & the cities of Isabela and OCD – ARMM / DILG – ARMM Lamitan Sulu OCD – ARMM / DILG – ARMM Tawi-Tawi OCD – ARMM / DILG – ARMM
47 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012 4.5.4 Education
Summary of cluster response plan Government lead DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN’S agency / Co-lead FUND agency Cluster member CFSI, KFI, CEMILARDEF, SC, MYROi, MPC, Balay Rehabilitation organizations Centre, Inc. Number of projects 1 1. Provide access to quality early childhood care and development (ECCD) and basic education through regular and alternative delivery modes, EiEs or ECCD in emergencies for 50,958 affected children in seven provinces and one city. Cluster objectives 2. Strengthen child rights and protective mechanism in learning institutions in seven provinces and one city. 3. Enhance capacities of education stakeholders on EiEs in affected areas of seven provinces and one city. 4. Support Education Cluster members in four regions. Number of 50,959 children, (27,705 female and 23, 254 male) beneficiaries Funds required $3,000,000 Funds required per High: $3,000,000 priority level Contact information Ma. Lourdes de Vera-Mateo ([email protected])
Categories and disaggregated numbers of affected children and beneficiaries
Category of affected Number of children in need Targeted beneficiaries children Female Male Total Female Male Total Children aged 3-5 30,486 19,788 50,274 12,194 7,915 20,109 Out of school children 9,209 13,813 23,022 3,754 5,631 9,385 aged 6-11 Out of school children 11,067 16,600 27,667 4,469 6,703 11,172 aged 12-15 In-school children age 6-11 50,069 24,665 74,734 5,007 2,466 7,473 In-school children age 12-15 22,806 5,387 28,193 2,281 539 2,820 Totals 123,637 80,253 203,890 27,705 23,254 50,959
A. Sectoral needs analysis
Identification of priority needs, populations and locations based on key indicators The Education Cluster will focus on addressing the needs of the most disadvantaged and vulnerable conflict- and flood-affected children in ARMM, Regions X and XII, and CARAGA in Mindanao. The cluster will continue to respond to the needs of affected children, with focus on the out-of-school children and youth (OSCY), boys, children aged 3-5, and children in learning institutions prone to attacks and to natural disasters (e.g.flooding). The HAP 2012 programme foci of education are based on needs analysis outlined below:
Conflict- and Disaster-related OSCY: While the HAP 2011 focused on in-school children in conflict-affected areas, there was limited education response for OSCY. The prioritization to target OSCY in the 2012 HAP is largely based on the cluster’s experience and direct interaction with this group of children. Currently, there is a significant information gap on tracking conflict and natural disaster-affected children that are out-of-school particularly those who have not been enrolled. Additional challenges include the need to systematically understand the current situation and the
48 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan hazards children are facing. Unlike in-schoool children, OSCY are more difficuult to monitor and are exposed to various vulnerabilities while outside the protective space of a school. In the absence of systematic gathering of information and statistics on the plight of disaster- affected OSCY, a useful approach is to use enrolment and cohort survival rate data. In Maguindanao, the cohort survival for school year 2009-10 is only about 30% (i.e. for every 1000 Grade 1 entrants, only 30 reach Grade 6). Likewise, in the same school year 2009-10, only 56% of children aged 6-11 were enrolled in school. This situation is echoed in other affected areas in Mindanao. For instance, in the same period, cohort survival for North Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat and Sarangani reached only 46%, 42% and 41%, respectively. Thus, a significant number of children are not able to access or continue schooling and become part of A young girl in a makeshift temporary shelter in Cotabato the OSCY. City after the flooding, June 2011 | OCHA
Children in conflict- or disaster-affected areas have a greater risk of dropping out of school. In a survey conducted by Save the Children (SC) in May 2011, among 128 displaced children, 54% noted that they no longer attended school due to economic difficulties faced by their families. They prefer to do livelihood activities and help their parents than go to school. On the other hand, the other 46% of children are hopeful they can return to school “if peace and order situation continues to be stable.”
In the Philippine setting, boys are more vulnerable to a wider range of hazards and risks related to health and nutrition, child labour and recruitment in armed movements: Based on the project report of Community and Family Services International (CFSI) for the period June to August 2010, one temporary learning space (TLS) in retuurrned site in Barangay Buayan, Datu Piang Municipality, Maguindanao Province registered 111 boys and 39 girls. A closer look revealed that most of the girls went back to the regular school. Thus, most oof those left behind were boys.
This trend is also observed in IDP camps and points of origin. In these areas, more school age boys engage in income-earning activities (i.e. triccycle driving) to help their parents in times of emergency and recovery. Data on gender parity index for cohort survival and participation rates also show that more girls are able to access education and continue to reach Grade 6 than boys. Again in Maguindanao for example, there were approxximately 40% girls as opposed to 23% boys who reached Grade 6 in school year 2009-10. In the same school year, 58% of girls were able to enrol in school while only 54% for the boys.
Children aged 3-5: Young children caught in the crossfiire of armed conflict or in the wake of natural disasters are extremely vulnerable. It is commonly acknowledged that early childhood is the most critical period for brain development and that early experiences create a foundation for lifelong learning and productivity. Exposure to prollonged stress due to the impact of a traumatic experience interferes with basic development and overall functioning of the brain. These facts point out the need to prioritize children aged 3-5 especially in times of emergencies. Howeverr, out of the 17,260 children aged 3-5 years targeted in the HAP 2011, only 4,734 were covered by education activities implemented by CFSI and an additional 350 children of the age group by SC.
Moreover, there is a need to provide ECCDD especially in times of emergencies when DCCs, usually the sole service providers, fail to function.. However, even when the DCCs function in times of emergencies, there is a need to reach out to children aged 3-5 years old. In Maguindanao alone, there is an estimated number of 73,777 children agged 3-5 (based on August 2007 Census). According to a DSWD report, 54% are able to access early childhood education (ECE) in the 765 DCCs in Maguindanao as of August 2011. Thus, there is a need to expand access to DCCs or alternative delivery modes to more than 30,000 children aged 3-5 especially in conflict- or diisaster-affected areas.
49 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
Children in learning institutions that are prone to attacks: Between November 2010 and February 2011, classes were interrupted in 11 schools due to threats against teachers, particularly those who served in the Barangay and the Sangguniang Kabataan (Youth Council) election in Datu Piang in October 2010. Consequently, more than 2,000 school children were not able to regularly attend classes. Evidently there is a need to explore mechanisms that will protect schools, teachers and children from these various forms of attacks. The attacks are not only attacks on civilians but also attacks against the right to education, including the right to a good quality education.15 In the HAP 2011, the Education Cluster, in collaboration with members of the Protection Cluster initiated efforts to establish schools as “zones of peace” in specific conflict-affected municipalities. There is a need to continue this effort to ensure that places of education are safe for the affected children and that peace education is enhanced to address the social aspects of the conflict.
Risk analysis
Major risks and assumptions that may affect the implementation of this cluster response plan are: (1) changes in government policy and legislation may impact activities, in particular the development of policy on EiEs; (2) changes in appointed and elected government officials, particularly at the level of the DepEd ARMM, would require new working relationships to be established and may curtail progress; (3) climate-related disasters; and (4) armed conflict.
Inter-relations of needs with other sectors
The Education Cluster will collaborate with the following to ensure programmatic convergence:
Protection Cluster, particularly Child Protection Working Group (CPWG) concerning tracking of OSCYs; strengthening of Barangay Council for the Protection of Children and supporting the efforts to establish schools as “zones of peace”.
Nutrition Cluster to run nutrition promotion sessions in schools, DCCs and TLS.
WASH Cluster to ensure that schools, DCCs and TLS have WASH facilities.
Food Security and Agriculture Cluster to support the process of declaring learning institutions as “zones of peace”.
B. Coverage of needs by actors not in the cluster or HAP AusAID assists project addressing the needs of indigenous peoples and Muslim communities in non- ARMM areas in Mindanao, and the Basic Education Assistance for Mindanao (BEAM) - ARMM project. United States Agency for International Development (USAID) assists Education Quality and Access for Learning and Livelihood Skills (EQuALLS) project. DepEd and DSWD also implement education projects in Mindanao.
15 The UNESCO publication Protecting Education from Attacks (2010) enumerates negative impacts of these incidents to the development of children.
50 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan
C. Objectives, outcomes, outputs, and indicators
Outcomes with corresponding targets Outputs with corresponding targets Objective 1. By the end of 12 months, 50,959 affected children in seven provinces and one city are able to access quality ECCD and basic education through regular and alternative delivery modes, EiEs or ECE in emergencies. Children reached are tracked and 100% of children reached are tracked and profiled. profiled. One enhanced tracking tool developed. Children covered are equipped with 80% of children covered are equipped with survival, survival, development and learning development and learning skills and referred to skills and referred to education service education service providers. providers. 150 TLS constructed and provided with learning Referred children are mainstreamed to materials and equipped with WASH facilities. formal schools, alternative learning 70% of teachers and volunteers in covered areas are systems or livelihood skills trained on EiE/DRR. opportunities. 150 WASH facilities constructed. 40% of referred children are mainstreamed to formal schools, alternative learning systems or given livelihood skills opportunities. Objective 2. Strengthen child rights and protective mechanism in learning institutions in seven provinces and one city in Mindanao. Protected and secured schools, children 16 signed Code of Conduct. and education workers. Eight formulated and integrated Child Protection Learning institutions risk and vulnerability Plans to school-improvement plan and school-based assessment conducted. management 16 guidance counsellors and school nurses capacitated on EiE, child rights and child protection. Learning institutions in four identified municipalities declared as “zones of peace”. Objective 3. Enhance capacities of education stakeholders on education in emergencies in affected areas of seven provinces and one city Increased resiliency of education 100% of the covered education stakeholders stakeholders and coping capacities in equipped with EiE, early childhood care and dealing with emergencies development in emergency (ECCDiE) and psycho- Responsive parent-teacher associations social care and support 100% of the PTA and BLGU (PTA) and Barangay local government fully supporting EiE and ECCDiE plans through units (BLGUs) in covered learning pledge/ commitment to support institutions in addressing EiE/DRR issues Objective 4. Support the organization of education clusters in four regions Functional regional education clusters Established and organized four regional Education ready to respond in times of emergencies Clusters
D. Cluster monitoring plan The Education Cluster will use the following monitoring tools and mechanisms to track indicators of outputs, outcomes, and impact of project activities:
Activity evaluation: This tool is administered immediately after a particular activity has been completed so as to solicit feedback and determine the effect on participants. It is usually done in writing but could also be done through verbal discussions with participants.
Mid-year project review and assessment: The Project Team shall conduct a mid-year assessment of the project to keep track of its progress, achievements, identified gaps, issues and areas for improvement.
51 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
Joint monitoring field visits: Education Cluster members shall conduct joint visits to project sites to assess progress of activities and identify gaps for collective action. This shall be done on at least a quarterly basis. Results of these visits shall form part of the project reports.
Project end evaluation: This is conducted to determine the overall impact of the project to target beneficiaries and communities and to identify lessons learned and success stories. Regular representatives of cluster members shall participate in this three-day evaluation.
Quarterly cluster reporting: The Education Cluster meets at least quarterly (or every month when needed) in Cotabato City and discusses needs and gaps, forthcoming activities and progress. Minutes are produced and disseminated.
Furthermore, policy development will generate documentation, attendance records will be kept of all workshops and training courses held and distribution reports will be kept.
E. Table of proposed coverage per site
SITE / AREA ORGANIZATIONS Lanao del Sur CFSI, SC Maguindanao CFSI, KFI, CEMILARDEF, SC, MYROi, MPC Cotabato City SC, CFSI North Cotabato SC, CFSI, MPC, Balay Rehabilitation Centre Inc. Sultan Kudarat KFI, CEMILARDEF Lanao del Norte CFSI, SC Basilan Nagdilaab Foundation, Education Development Centre (EDC), Philippine Business for Social Progress Agusan del Sur SC
52 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan 4.5.5 Food Security and Agriculture
Summary of cluster response plan
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT, Government lead DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, (Regions X and XII) and agencies / Co-lead DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES (ARMM) / agency WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Cluster member CFSI, ACF, MTB, DA, DENR, DOH, DepEd organizations Number of projects 2 Overall Objective: To improve food security and to improve agricultural productivity of people affected by armed conflicts and natural disasters. Sub-objectives: 1. To strengthen community-based institutions responsible for sector development and service provisions. 2. To ensure adequate food consumption for targeted beneficiaries. 3. To increase the access of targeted communities to assets in fragile, Cluster objectives transition situations. 4. To enhance the skills of targeted communities thus improving their resilience to shocks. 5. To increase food production among resettled and returnee households by restoring their agriculture based livelihoods. 6. To increase the school enrolment of children, including IDPs and returnees. 7. To increase the attendance of children under five, pregnant and lactating women, and children at rural/barangay health units. Number of Food Security: 634,008 people; Agriculture: 81,055 people beneficiaries Funds required Food Security: $12,403,974, Agriculture: $1,996,225 Funds required per High: $14,400,199 priority level Food Security: Stephen Anderson ([email protected]) Asaka Nyangara ([email protected]) Contact information Agriculture: Kazuyuki Tsurumi ([email protected]) Aristeo Portugal ([email protected])
Categories and disaggregated numbers of affected population and beneficiaries
Category of affected Targeted beneficiaries people (age group) Female Male Total Adults (>18) 109,937 105,625 215,562 Children (5-18) 103,471 99,413 202,884 Children (<5) 109,936 105,626 215,562 Totals 323,344 310,664 634,008
A. Sectoral needs analysis
Identification of priority needs, populations and locations based on key indicators The WB-WFP joint comprehensive assessment conducted in November and December 2010 in five conflict-affected provinces in central Mindanao (Maguindanao, Lanao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Sultan Kudarat and North Cotabato) reached 2,759 households and highlighted that the populations in conflict-affected areas are still facing livelihood challenges.
53 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
About 4% of the households in the surveyed area had a poor FCS and 21% met the criteria for borderline FCS. The proportion of borderline FCS was highest in Maguindanao and Lanao del Sur. In Maguindanao, over half the population had either a poor (12%) or borderline (44%) FCS. In Lanao del Sur, the proportions were 4% and 36%, respectively.
A significant correlation between the FCS and expenditures was observed in the survey. Female- headed households were more likely to have a poor FCS, compared to male-headed households. Among livelihood groups, the proportion of households with a poor or borderline FCS was highest among agriculturalists (respectively 5% and 29%), followed by natural resources exploiters (7% and 23% respectively).
The majority of the households reported engaging in agriculture (56%), the most common activity. This is followed by trade (25%), day labour (19%), and transportation (13%). With such heavy reliance on agriculture and the inevitable exposure to natural calamities, vulnerability of households remains high.
The monthly expenditures averaged PHP5,750 Mindanao accounts for a large percentage ($131) among the sampled households, with food of the national production of major crops accounting for an average of 53% of all the expenditures (highest in Maguindanao at 77%). Rubber (natural production) 100% Details on food expenditures show that most of the Pineapple 91% food expenditures are on rice (24% of the total expenditures, or over 40% of the food expenditures Cacao 90% at the time of the survey). Fish represents the second largest food expenditure (7% of the total Banana, coffee, coconut Over 50% expenditures). Among non-food expenditures, transportation was the heaviest burden, accounting Source: FAO (2011) for 10% of the total expenditures, followed by utilities such as electricity and water (4%), and services including education (4%) and health care (3%).
According to the report of FAO on the current agricultural situation in Mindanao (dry season 2009 to wet season 2010; see table on right), Mindanao accounts for over 40% of national food requirements and contributes more than 30% of the national food trade. Mindanao also contributed 25% of palay and 48% of corn to national production in the second semester of 2010. If wisely harnessed, Mindanao’s rich agricultural resources can address the needs of conflict- and natural disaster-affected populations and enhance the greater Philippine economy. However, in June 2011, the DA reported damages to 18,000 hectares of palay and corn in North Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat, and 14,000 hectares in Maguindanao. Undernutrition remains an area of concern in Mindanao (see Nutrition Cluster Response Plan).
Overall, the high level of food insecurity among returnees (42%) - higher than IDPs at 25% - indicates that returnees require enhanced assistance. Most returnees cannot afford to replace lost livestock and tools or to buy essential agricultural items, including seeds, pesticides and fertilizers. Furthermore, the floods in June 2011 occurred at a time when most farmers were harvesting rice and corn. Large areas of farmlands were inundated, leaving communities in need of food and livelihood support until the next harvest in March 2012.
Based on the above needs, the Food Security and Agriculture Cluster’s activities will continue to focus on food-insecure populations in conflict-affected municipalities in five provinces in central Mindanao (see table in section E on the proposed coverage by agency). The needs of food-insecure populations in natural disaster-prone municipalities will be also targeted. It is expected that this will enable increased access of target communities to assets in fragile/transition situations and hence support the geographical coverage of the agriculture intervention. The estimated targeted population is 634,008, including IDPs, returnees and affected populations who remained in their homes and did not evacuate. Planned activities enable a holistic, two-pronged approach to food security, integrating food assistance
54 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan with agricultural livelihood recovery. The activities will also aim to enhance the nutrition status through supplementary food distribution to undernourished children and pregnant and lactating mothers.
Risk analysis
Key contextual risks which could prevent the Food Security and Agriculture Cluster members from achieving the objectives include: (1) a resurgence of high food prices; (2) pipeline breaks due to lack of funding or other problems; and (3) insufficient capacity of implementing partners.
Inter-relations of needs with Nutrition, ER and Education Clusters
The Food Security and Agriculture Cluster will address undernourishmentt targeting moderate malnourished children between 6-59 months old and pregnant and lactatting women. This complements the Nutrition Cluster’s actions that target severely malnourished chiildren in the same age group. The Nutrition Cluster will continue the community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) in support of Department of Healtth (DoH) at national, regional and provincial level. The Food Security and Agriculture Cluster will cooperate with Nutrition and ER Clusters as much as possible to maximize synergy and geographical convergence.
Emergency School Feeding activities will also be strengthened through cooperation with the Education Cluster, which has a more comprehensive data of school age children that will help the Food Security and Agricculture Cluster to review the implementation strategy for the Emergency School Feeding programme. Furthermore, collaboration with DepEd and DA with regard to the school gardening project may lead to a collaboration in supplying vegeetable seeds and food items, which will enhance the nutrition value and variety of meals prepared in schools.
All actiivities under the Food Security and Agriculture Cluster are either based on geographic convergence or joint programming. For example, CMAM is a partnership between UNICEF, WFP, Women participating in the supplementary feeding SC, ACF, CFSI and regional and local programme | WFP governments. Similarly, WFP and FAO will complement each other with livelihood activities at the geographic and/or household level. Finally, the school meal programme will foster collaboration with the education secctor, where there are opportunities for convergence of support among WFP, UNICEF and NGOs as well as with bilateral donors (e.g.Japan, AusAID, USAID). Close coordination and collaboration with the ER Cluster will also be ensured to avoid duplication and bringging greater complementarities.
B. Coverage of needs by actors not in the cluster or HAP Collaboration with the Agrarian Reform Communities Project supported by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the ARMM Social Fuund supported by the WB and Japanese International Cooperaation Agency (JICA) will ensure coomplementarities with non-food inputs that will promote sustainable livelihoods.
C. Objectives, outcomes, outputs, and indicators The overall purpose of the Food Security and Agriculture Cluster is to consolidatte livelihood recovery of targeted food-insecure, conflict-affected communities in central Mindanao, and to strengthen their resilience to other shocks, and thus indirectly contribute to peace building.
55 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
Outcomes with Outputs with corresponding Indicators with corresponding targets targets corresponding targets and baseline Objective 1. To strengthen community-based institutions responsible for sector development and service provisions. Food supply or delivery Community-based project Percentage project sites that capacities of communities committees are established in community based project affected by shocks re- 100% of the project sites committees are established and established to support functioned recovery and avoid the Cooperation with at least 50 No. of CBOs cooperating with resumption of conflict community-based organizations the programmes of the cluster (CBOs) and local NGO partners members Objective 2. To ensure adequate food consumption for targeted beneficiaries. Food consumption improved 90% and above households’ Percentage of beneficiaries over assistance period for food consumption score will be achieve a household food target population more than 42 and above consumption score of 42 and above 100% of those assessed and No. of beneficiaries assisted found to be in need of food assistance are assisted 100% of assessed needs are Volume of food assistance met provided Objective 3. To increase the access of targeted communities to assets in fragile, transition situations. Re-establishment of Improvement of the score in at The ‘community assets score’ livelihoods supported, and least 50% of communities (measures the increase in the food and nutrition security of assisted number of functioning natural, communities and families physical and social affected by shocks improved infrastructure assets at the community level) 200 projects implemented No. of projects supported to create or restore community assets Objective 4. To enhance the skills of targeted communities thus improving their resilience to shocks. Re-establishment of 50 training conducted No. of women and men trained livelihoods supported, and in livelihood-support thematic food and nutrition security of areas communities and families At least 60% of participants Proportion of food for training affected by shocks improved used the acquired skills participants applying acquired skills for improving livelihoods Objective 5. To increase food production among resettled and returnee households. Food production among Agriculture input packages 100% of agriculture input resettled and returnee distributed to 100% of farmers packages distributed households increased to (returned IDPs) in the master list improve household food in time for the designated security cropping season Technical knowledge and 80% of targeted beneficiaries 80% or above of target skills of beneficiaries on used or employed the type of beneficiaries by type of inputs improved cropping practices inputs distributed have adopted improved enhanced 80% of targeted beneficiaries techniques who attended the craft and
56 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan
skill trainings have adopted the improved techniques on farming 16,211 rice and corn farmers Abandoned farm land has been 80% or above of the abandoned cultivated 8,105 hectares of cultivated and planted through farm land has been planted abandoned farmland with the provision of seeds, fertilizers seeds distributed and small tools 16,211 farmers gained 20- 80% of the targeted 80% or above of the over 30% yield increments through beneficiary have additional 16,000 farmers targeted, are planting improved and high 20-30% yield increments producing more food. yielding varieties of rice and 80% of farmers have corn and this contributed to adopted a more sustainable improved livelihood and food farming techniques security 80% of targeted beneficiaries have ready and nutritious food on the table from short- cycle vegetable plants 80% of targeted recipient families benefitted from milk/eggs from livestock and poultry Re-establishment of 73 projects implemented No. of agricultural related livelihoods supported, and project supported through FFAs food and nutrition security of communities and families affected by shocks improved Objective 6. To increase the enrolment of children, including IDPs and returnees, in schools assisted. Levels of education, basic 100,000 pupils to be targeted Average annual rate of retention nutrition and health increased of children in schools assisted through food and nutrition Average annual rate of retention Enrolment rate assistance and food and of children in schools assisted nutrition security tools
Objective 7. To increase the attendance of pregnant and lactating women and undernourished children at rural/barangay health units. Levels of education, basic 10,000 pregnant and lactating No. of pregnant and lactating nutrition and health increased women reached women receiving at least four through food and nutrition ante-natal and post-natal visits assistance and food and in target areas nutrition security tools 30,000 malnourished children No. of children covered with under three assisted assistance
D. Cluster monitoring plan The Food Security and Agriculture Cluster will monitor the implementation of the cluster response plan through: (1) distribution monitoring to ensure that targeted populations are receiving correct entitlements through proper means; (2) post-distribution monitoring to ensure that food consumption of assisted beneficiaries has improved at the household level and the food properly consumed, and to measure the impact of the assistance; and (3) project progress/completion monitoring of asset creation or skill enhancement activities.
Price monitoring will be conducted regularly to collect information on the price of basic needs of the beneficiaries, agricultural products, livestock and fisheries products as well as the cost of inputs in order to provide early warning information, which will prevent and mitigate potential food shortages or
57 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012 ill-effects of escalating prices. The monitoring data will be collected by cooperating partners, relevant departments of local governments, WFP and FAO.
In addition, WFP and FAO are planning to conduct additional assessments (see Annex for the needs assessment reference list). The results will provide baseline information to help monitor progress and impact of the planned activities in the HAP 2012. The cluster will also participate in any emergency assessment if the immediate gaps are identified and upon request by the local government.
Gender-related issues will be considered throughout the HAP process; in needs assessment and analysis, in identifying priorities for response and developing cluster response plans and projects, as well as in monitoring and evaluation. Disaggregated data per age and per sex will be collected, including criteria for beneficiaries that will prioritize female-headed households and the handicapped to contribute to gender equality. Gender-related findings that are highlighted by the implementation units will be used to strengthen cluster implementation policies.
E. Tables of proposed coverage per site
Beneficiaries of WFP by Province and Gender
Food-insecure returnees Other food-insecure populations Total Province Female Male Sub total Female Male Sub total Lanao del Sur 75,140 72,193 147,333 47,218 45,366 92,584 239,917 Maguindanao 66,823 64,203 131,026 76,735 73,725 150,460 281,486 North 5,231 5,025 10,256 1,837 1,766 3,603 13,859 Cotabato Sultan Kudarat 19,165 18,414 37,579 5,717 5,493 11,210 48,789 Lanao del 6,760 6,494 13,254 18,719 17,984 36,703 49,957 Norte Totals 173,119 166,329 339,448 150,225 144,334 294,560 634,008
Beneficiaries of FAO by Province and Gender Affected population (armed conflict and natural disasters) Province Female Male Total Maguindanao 28,050 26,950 55,000 North Cotabato 5,314 5,106 10,420 Sultan Kudarat 7,974 7,661 15,635 Totals 41,338 39,717 81,055
58 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan 4.5.6 Health
Summary of cluster response plan
Government lead DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH / WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION agencies / Co-lead agency Cluster member DoH, UNFPA, IOM, UNICEF, PRC, HOM, CEMILARDEF, MTB, MYRO, organizations WHO, YAPDN, UnYPAD, BMWFI, SC Number of projects 6 1. To ensure access of affected populations to essential health services Cluster objectives (to include mental health and psycho-social support, RH services). 2. To strengthen disease surveillance in emergencies. Number of Health: 648,655 people beneficiaries RH: 256,497 people Funds required $2,401,828 Immediate: $1,320,400 Funds required per High: $634,428 priority level Medium: $447,000 Dr. Gerardo P. Medina ([email protected]) Contact information Florence Tayzon ([email protected])
Categories and disaggregated numbers of affected population and beneficiaries
Targeted beneficiaries Target beneficiaries for RH Location Adolescents Female Male Total Female Male Total (age 15-21) Lanao del Sur 10,190 7,011 17,201 3,312 2,279 3,010 8,601 Maguindanao 297,052 184,304 481,356 96,542 59,899 84,237 240,678 Cotabato City 67,291 49,516 116,807 North Cotabato 7,466 6,969 14,435 2,426 2,265 2,527 7,218 South Cotabato 284 437 721 Sultan Kudarat 11,017 7,118 18,135 Totals 393,300 255,355 648,655 102,280 64,443 89,774 256,497
A. Sectoral needs analysis
Identification of priority needs, populations and locations based on key indicators IDPs, their host communities, and returning or resettled populations, still have limited access to basic social services including essential public health services. Human-induced and natural hazards affecting the populations of ARMM and Region XII place a further burden on the health sector, which is already weakened by a chronic lack of resources.
While the overall ratio of health facilities to No. of barangays with Barangay Health Stations population is theoretically within standards, this does not translate to appropriate access to health Lano del Sur 8%: 82 of 1,068 barangays services given the number of health facilities Maguindanao 49%: 200 of 490 barangays that are non-functional due to a state of disrepair, lack of human resources, or shortages North Cotabato 66%: 357 of 544 barangays of medicines, supplies and equipment. Moreover, many facilities have been damaged Source: Health Cluster (2011) by conflicts and flooding over the years, compromising their ability to continue to function in the aftermath of emergencies and disasters. The DoH's Health Facility Enhancement Programme sets out a list of 62 health facilities in ARMM that are in need of repair/renovation, and proposes the construction of 121 new facilities. For Region XII,
59 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012 some 44 health facilities are in need of repair/renovation and an additional 14 facilities need to be constructed. Beyond the infrastructure availability gap, there is a significant lack of health professionals serving affected communities. Typically, one rural health physician may be serving two to three municipalities or one midwife providing service to three to four barangays. Health care workers' reluctance to visit remote areas is often linked to the prevailing insecurity.
The health facilities that continue to operate do not provide a sufficient range of services. In Maguindanao especially, the number of health facilities with capacity to offer basic emergency obstetric and neonatal care (BEmONC) services in relation to the total population is below acceptable standards; around 90% of babies are still delivered at home by untrained traditional birth attendants. BEmONC facilities also lack resources. The lack of family planning services, due in large part to lack of funds and equipment, contributes to an increase in unwanted and unplanned pregnancies,
A lack of youth-focused health programmes contributes to the rise in the number of early marriages resulting in young pregnant women at high risk of mortality and morbidity as they are not physically developed nor psychologically prepared for motherhood. A low level of awareness about RH in the target communities leads to poor health-seeking behaviour. Furthermore, the provision of mental health and psycho-social support in emergencies as well as in the management of victims of SGBV is weak.
The routine disease surveillance system in place is unable to provide early warning of potential disease outbreaks and is particularly weak at the barangay level. This was highlighted during the June 2011 floods that affected Region XII and ARMM, where communicable diseases accounted for 30% of the deaths that could otherwise have been prevented with a functional surveillance system. Local health staff lack the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively respond to disease outbreaks..
Risk Analysis Floods brought about by monsoonal rains, renewed fighting between government and separatist forces, and an increase in clan fighting will adversely affect the health of affected populations. This may lead to new displacements, and result in a corresponding increase in the needs of those affected. At the same time, damage to health facilities due to the conflict or to floods, combined with an unstable security situation, will negatively impact the delivery of health services at the time they are needed most.
Interrelations of needs with other sectors Activities of the Health, WASH, and Nutrition Clusters are closely interlinked and the effectiveness of their cluster response is inter-dependent. Health sector activities will also need to be coordinated with CCCM and Protection Clusters.
B. Coverage of needs by actors not in the cluster or HAP Outside of the humanitarian context, several donor agencies and other developmental partners support the government health sector in strengthening service delivery, information management, capacity- building, programme management, ensuring access to basic services for those who need them most. The benefits of such assistance can be seen more strongly at the more progressive and urbanized areas, and less in the rural communities.
60 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan
C. Objectives, outcomes, outputs, and indicators
Outcomes with corresponding targets Outputs with corresponding targets Objective 1. To ensure access of affected populations to essential health services (to include mental health and psycho-social support, adult and adolescent RH services) Affected populations in target communities are Up to 80% of Barangay Health Stations able to access essential health services (BHSs) in target communities without stock of a selected essential drug in four groups of drugs based on DoH standards are replenished. Local health staff providing medical consultations and implementing public health programmes in target communities. Mobile health services provided to up to 80% of target communities without existing health facilities. Up to 80% of damaged BHSs in target communities repaired/renovated. At least one visit per week by a rural health midwife in return areas. Measles immunization coverage at least 95% in IDP sites and 90% in return areas. Reduced number of maternal and neonatal BHSs in the 10 target return sites equipped deaths in the target sites with BHSs by 50%. with a complete set of basic RH equipment Reduced maternal and neonatal deaths by and service providers trained in BEmONC to 25% in return sites without community health enable them to provide quality RH services. stations. At least 90% of births assisted by skilled attendants. Increased number of family planning users Family planning counselling provided and among the returnees by 50% in the target family planning supplies made available in the sites. 10 target sites. Decreased number of early marriages and teen pregnancies by 25% in the target sites. Objective 2. To strengthen disease surveillance in emergencies Unusual increase in cases of diseases with 100% of suspected outbreaks investigated outbreak potential are detected early and within 48 hours of detection. responded to. 100% of outbreaks with response initiated within 24 hours of confirmation. 100% of local health staff in target communities trained in the use of disease surveillance system.
D. Cluster monitoring plan The log frame matrix above will be used as the monitoring tool to track progress of implementation towards the attainment of objectives. Regular cluster meetings will include discussions of status of different activities in addition to review of records from local health facilities and joint monitoring missions to project sites.
61 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
E. Table of proposed coverage per site
SITE / AREA ORGANIZATIONS Lanao del Sur HOM: Butig, Madalum, Lumba-Bayabao WHO: All municipalities Maguindanao CEMILARDEF: Sultan sa Baronguis, Sharif Saydona Mustapha, Datu Abdullah Sangki HOM: Mangudadatu, Datu Paglas MTB: Datu Piang, Datu Saudi Ampatuan, Datu Anggal Midtimbang, Rajah Buayan, Mamasapano MYROi: Sharif Aguak, Sultan sa Baronguis, Sharif Saydona Mustapha, Datu Abdullah Sangki WHO: All municipalities North Cotabato CEMILARDEF: Alamada, Pres Roxas HOM: Tulunan MYROi: Midsayap WHO: All municipalities Sultan Kudarat CEMILARDEF: Palimbang, Bagumbayan, Lebak, Lambayong HOM: Columbio MYROi: Lambayong WHO: All municipalities
62 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan 4.5.7 Nutrition
Summary of cluster response plan Government lead DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN’S FUND agency / Co-lead agency Cluster member WFP, SC, ACF, other partners to be determined organizations Number of projects 3 1. To promote, support and protect appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, including early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding from birth to six months, and appropriate complementary feeding practices from six months beyond, among mothers, pregnant and lactating women, and fathers in the affected and vulnerable population by ensuring access to appropriate counselling support. 2. To ensure access of children under five and pregnant and lactating women in affected communities to micronutrients from fortified food, Cluster objectives supplements or multiple micronutrient preparations. 3. To establish and maintain access of all affected or vulnerable municipalities to appropriate and comprehensive treatment of acute malnutrition for children under five. 4. To provide timely, updated data on nutritional status of the affected population and vulnerable groups, including prevalence of malnutrition, underlying causes of malnutrition and other contextual factors. 5. To support the strengthening of government capacity to respond to nutrition needs during emergencies. Number of 107,436 people beneficiaries Funds required $1,637,453 Funds required per High: $1,637,453 priority level Contact information Paul Andrew G. Zambrano ([email protected])
Categories and disaggregated numbers of affected population and beneficiaries
Number of people in need* Targeted beneficiaries Children under Pregnant Total Category of five** and affected people Lactating female male total girls boys Women*** Lanao del Sur 7,011 10,190 17,201 1,262 1,834 534 3,630 Maguindanao 184,304 297,052 481,356 33,175 53,469 14,033 100,677 North Cotabato 6,969 7,466 14,435 1,254 1,344 531 3,129 Total 198,284 314,708 512,992 35,691 56,647 15,098 107,436 * Figures based on DSWD and IOM data as of September 2011 (consolidated by OCHA) ** Beneficiary children under five = total population x 0.20 (estimated children under five) x 0.90 (target coverage) *** Beneficiary women = total number of women x 0.47 (child bearing age) x 0.18 (average fertility rate) x 0.90 (target coverage)
63 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
A. Sectoral needs analysis
Identification of priority needs, populations and locations based on key indicators Children with SAM have a nine-fold risk of dying compared to non-malnourished children.16 High prevalence of acute malnutrition is revealed in localized assessments and programme monitoring data of ongoing nutrition interventions, specifically in CMAM being implemented in 13 municipalities in Maguindanao, six municipalities in North Cotabato, one municipality in Lanao del Sur, and Cotabato City. As summarized in the following table, it is clear that across all areas, the prevalence of SAM is consistent at 1-2%, while the global acute malnutrition (GAM) is more varied, mainly due to the variation in the prevalence of MAM.
Summary of acute malnutrition trends Source Children 6- SAM MAM GAM* (Title, Agency, Month/Year, Areas 59 months Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence covered) assessed 1. Nutrition Survey Agency ACF Month / Year Oct - Dec 2010 Areas covered North Cotabato (2 2,028 0.9-2% 5.0%-8.4% 5.9-10.3% municipalities); Lanao del Sur (1 municipality) 2. Programme monitoring data of CMAM and screening and admission data Agency UNICEF, Save the Children, WFP, CFSI Month / Year Dec 2010 – Jul 2011 >53,000 1.05-2% 3-4% 4-6% Areas covered Maguindanao (8 municipalities); North Cotabato (3 municipalities) 3. Post-floods MUAC Screening Agency Save the Children, ACF Month / Year Jun - Jul 2011 1,803 1-2% 3-6% 4-8% Areas covered Cotabato City, Maguindanao 4. Follow-up Nutrition Survey Agency UNICEF, ACF, Nutrition Cluster Month / Year Planned for Oct - Nov 2011 * GAM = Global acute malnutrition (combined SAM and MAM prevalence)
In Cotabato City, malnutrition, diarrhoea and pneumonia were the leading causes of morbidity17 following the floods of June 2011, which also greatly affected Maguindanao and North Cotabato, and resulted in the only reported deaths in children under five attributed to the disaster. The capacity-building component for government and other partners, specifically for Nutrition in Emergencies is key to ensure successful implementation and ensure that preparedness and ER issues are partly addressed. For nutrition, these efforts should be aligned with recent national-level developments in nutrition, such as roll-out trainings on Nutrition in Emergencies, and the development of the national protocol for management of acute malnutrition.
IYCF in Emergencies: Protection and promotion of breastfeeding in evacuation camps and homes were priority areas of intervention identified during the inter-cluster planning session hosted by DoH in March 2011 as well as in DANA in Maguindanao after the floods of June 2011, which showed there were no specific interventions aimed at protection of breastfeeding in any of the affected areas. Diarrhoea, pneumonia, and other infectious diseases such as measles are effectively prevented by promotion and protection of appropriate IYCF practices which have been shown to reduce mortality
16 World Health Organization (WHO): Child Growth Standards and the identification of SAM in infants and children, A Joint Statement by WHO and UNICEF (2009). 17 Health Emergency Response Operations, Progress Report No.8 (19 July 2011).
64 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan by up to 19%.18 Problems on breastfeeding due to the emergency were documented in both the 2009 assessment and 2011 emergency nutrition programme monitoring data. This activity needs to be scaled up in vulnerable areas, whether by government or by cluster partners providing support.
Management of acute malnutrition: There is a clear, consistent prevalence of SAM in affected areas, regardless of heterogeneity of population and hazards (i.e. conflict, natural disasters). CMAM is the only globally established appropriate and effective intervention and is currently implemented by SC and ACF with support from UNICEF. CMAM is implemented at the municipal level through the rural health unites (RHUs) with community-based volunteers and health workers. This ensures access by all barangays, return areas, relocation sites and evacuation centres within the catchment area of these health facilities. However, CMAM area coverage is still very limited. In the DANA of June 2011, only eight out of the 19 flood-affected municipalities in Maguindanao had access to CMAM. Also, not all return areas of IDPs from the 2008 conflict have access to the programme. Cases of SAM continue to be found and enrolled in ongoing programmes. CMAM needs to be continued and established in new vulnerable areas to increase access to this life-saving intervention. Nutrition surveillance: Strengthened nutritional surveillance is required to determine the current nutritional status of the affected population in central Mindanao, especially the current GAM prevalence and the underlying factors leading to poor nutrition status. In October and November 2011, a nutrition survey will be completed to determine the most recent GAM prevalence in selected areas (see Annex for needs assessment reference list). A larger-scale survey should be done within 2012 for a more comprehensive, up-to-date analysis of the nutrition scenario in the region. Micronutrient deficiencies: The repetitive displacements and food security issues, coupled with increased risk of disease leads to development or exacerbation of micronutrient deficiencies in children under five and pregnant and lactating women, which are strongly related to maternal death during childbirth, low birth weight infants, increased risk of death due to infectious disease, and even poor mental development. Micronutrient supplementation remains a key nutrition intervention during emergency scenarios.
Risk analysis The pre-existing vulnerabilities to malnutrition persist and are easily exacerbated by repeated bouts of conflicts, displacement and natural disasters, specifically floods. Major security-related incidents, especially large-scale displacements, will greatly hamper nutrition activities and will result in poor programme indicators (i.e. defaulter rates, coverage).
Due to the lack of national programmes and protocols on management of acute malnutrition, successful implementation of CMAM and supplementary feeding programmes is still largely determined by the capacity of partners to continue technical and human resource support to local health centre staff and hospitals.
Inter-relations of needs with other sectors WASH: In 2009, the second strongest link with malnutrition was found to be poor access to safe water in the household. Almost 80% of families of children with SAM reported no access to safe water. At the health facility or the camp level, access to drinking water and facilities for hand washing are correlated with improved treatment outcomes for children with acute malnutrition. Families with malnourished children should be a priority group in distribution of WASH supplies (e.g. hygiene kits).
Health, mental health, psycho-social support: Infectious diseases, including measles, are highly associated with development of SAM and with even higher risk of mortality. Access to basic health services at local health facilities in affected communities and evacuation camps, is critical. Active and passive screening for acute malnutrition should be part of routine heath service delivery, and referral systems should include referrals of malnourished children. Lastly, the mental and psycho-social well- being of mothers is very much correlated to development of malnutrition in children and treatment
18The Lancet Child Survival Series, Vol. 362 (July 2003).
65 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012 outcomes.19 Mental health and psycho-social support services should also target mothers of acutely malnourished children. Food security: Families with children who are acutely malnourished require specific support in terms of protection rations to protect other children from malnutrition and to prevent sharing of therapeutic food at home which results in poorer treatment outcomes. Child Protection: Community-Based Child Protection Networks (CBCPNs) will be involved in efforts to ensure that children with acute malnutrition are identified, enrolled in appropriate programmes, and remain in the programme until they are cured. As a preparedness strategy, this network can be accessed to ensure that children undergoing treatment are tracked and referred to the most accessible CMAM site even if they are displaced.
Education: Schools, temporary learning spaces, day care centres, and child friendly spaces (CFS) are good places to screen children for malnutrition and to give key nutrition promotion messages to both mothers and children.
B. Coverage of needs by actors not in the cluster or HAP Major actors involved in the work of nutrition in central Mindanao are members of the cluster and are consulted on the HAP.
C. Objectives, outcomes, outputs, and indicators
Outcomes with Outputs with corresponding Indicators with corresponding corresponding targets targets targets and baseline Objective 1. To promote, support and protect appropriate IYCF practices, including early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding from birth to six months, and appropriate complementary feeding practices from six months beyond, among mothers, pregnant and lactating women, and fathers in the affected and vulnerable population by ensuring access to appropriate counselling support Prevent reduction from Establishment of at least one One support group established baseline of the rates of functional breastfeeding support per municipality with defined appropriate IYCF group composed of government, membership and coverage. practices after an NGO, and community members At least one breastfeeding safe emergency. per municipality with capacity for havens established per All milk product IYCF assessment and municipality. distribution in evacuation counselling. One breastfeeding safe havens centres (ECs), relocation Establishment of safe haven for established per EC. sites, resettlement areas, breastfeeding in every EC. IYCF assessment sessions return areas are Determination of number of conducted in all ECs. documented and reported children under six months, At least 90% of lactating to the cluster. newborns, children 6-23 mothers in ECs or affected >90% of lactating mothers months, and pregnant and areas availing of the safe availing of services lactating women in ECs within havens for breastfeeding. through the breastfeeding 72 hours or less from onset of Rates of exclusive safe havens. the disaster. breastfeeding, early initiation of Determination of baseline rates breastfeeding, and appropriate of appropriate IYCF practices complementary feeding prior to within 72 hours or less from emergency or near the onset onset of the disaster. and after interventions. Monitoring and reporting of 100% of milk code violations 100% of violations of policies on documented and reported. milk product distribution.
19 Adequacy of maternal care (and its effects on breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices) is a major underlying factor in the development of malnutrition globally.
66 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan
Objective 2. To ensure access of children under five and pregnant and lactating women (PLW) in affected communities to micronutrients from fortified food, supplements or multiple micronutrient preparations Reduce risks attributable to >90% of children under five and >90% of children under five who micronutrient deficiencies in in target areas received at least received micronutrient powder PLW, boys and girls under two sachets of micronutrient supplementation. five. powders. >90% of PLW who received >90% of PLW in target areas micronutrient powder who received micronutrient supplementation. supplements enough to meet >80% of children under five who daily requirements. received Vitamin A >80% coverage of Vitamin A supplementation in the past six supplementation for children 6- months. 59 months within the past six >90% of children 12-59 months months. who received deworming in the >90% of children 12 months to past six months cycle. 59 months in target areas given >80% of beneficiaries with deworming tablets within the adequate and appropriate usage past six months. of supplements received. Objective 3. To establish and maintain access of all affected or vulnerable municipalities to appropriate and comprehensive management of acute malnutrition for children under five. Cure rate >75%, death All target municipalities At least 10 capacitated rate <5% (<3% in capacitated on CMAM, from municipalities or sites. supplementary feeding), screening, treatment, to follow- >75% Cure rate. defaulter rate <15%. up. <5% death rate. >50% CMAM >80% of families of children with <15%defaulter rate. programme coverage in acute malnutrition who receive >50% CMAM Programme rural areas. WASH supplies. coverage. >70% CMAM >80% of children screened with programme coverage in acute malnutrition who were urban areas. admitted into the programme. >90% CMAM >80% of families with acutely programme coverage in malnourished children provided evacuation camps. with WASH supplies. Objective 4. To provide timely, updated data on nutritional status of the affected population and vulnerable groups, including prevalence of malnutrition, underlying causes of malnutrition and other contextual factors. Nutrition status of children Conduct of one nutrition survey One nutrition survey conducted in target areas and to determine prevalence of 80% of children under five underlying factors malnutrition for the year screened using MUAC. determined Active screening for acute 100% of referred cases malnutrition using mid-upper managed arm circumference (MUAC) reaching at least 80% of children under five in all target areas. All capacitated health facilities doing both active and passive screening for acute malnutrition. All capacitated health facilities doing referral of acute malnutrition with complications. Objective 5. To support the strengthening of government capacity to respond to nutrition needs during emergencies. At least one Nutrition in Supported the conduct of Nutrition No. of regional roll-out trainings Emergencies training in Emergencies roll-out training for conducted. supported each for ARMM ARMM and Region XII. and for Region XII.
67 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
D. Cluster monitoring plan Standard programme indicators for selective feeding programmes (i.e. cure rate, death rate, defaulter rate, programme coverage) will be monitored to identify gaps and formulate the response. Other interventions will follow standard cluster indicators (e.g. IYCF and micronutrient supplementation indicators).
Screening data will also be monitored to identify children in need at the household and health facility level as well as for use in prevalence estimates (see Needs Analysis section).
Gender disaggregated data on girls and boys under five screened and admitted, and other indicators will be monitored to enable analysis by gender and to identify any gender biases in screening and/or management.
Monitoring data will be compiled and reported on a monthly basis by the municipality to allow timely response to gaps.
Site monitoring will be completed to ensure adherence to standard treatment protocols. Critical information management tools will continue to be used (i.e. databases and monitoring templates), and will be refined to further facilitate information management.
Activities such as capacity-building and training sessions will be documented, collected and reviewed.
Monthly cluster meetings will be conducted to monitor progress of activities relative to targets, to identify gaps and constraints, and to identify emerging needs and other developments.
Updates from all programmes will be shared with the MHT during regular meetings and through monthly Humanitarian Situation Updates.
E. Table of proposed coverage per site
SITE / AREA ORGANIZATIONS Lanao del Sur UNICEF, ACF Maguindanao UNICEF, SC North Cotabato UNICEF, SCh, ACF
68 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan 4.5.8 Protection
Summary of cluster response plan
Cluster lead agency UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES United Nations: UNHCR (Protection Cluster Co-Lead), UNFPA (GBV Sub-Cluster Lead), UNICEF (Child Protection Sub-Cluster), IOM, OCHA, UNDP, WFP Government: DSWD, DILG, PNP-Mindanao, OCD, OPAPP, DoH, CHR Cluster member NGOs: ACF, ALG, Balay-Rehabilitation, BIRTH-Dev, BMWFI, CBCS, organizations CEMILARDEF, CFSI, Child Alert, CSOFP, ECOWEB, HOM, HTLMI, Kadtuntaya (KFI), Kalimudan (KFI), KAWAGIB, KI, LAFCCOD, LAHRA, MARADECA, MinHRAC, MMCEAI, MTB, MPC, MYROi, NPP, OXFAM, PCBL, PI, RDRRAC, RWCRC, SC, SILDAP-SEM, TLWOI, UnYPAD, UnYPhil, UnYPhil-Women, etc. Protection: 4 Number of projects Child Protection: 1 GBV: 1 1. To coordinate provision of essential protection services in IDP sites and return areas to all children, women and other vulnerable groups, including people with special needs. 2. To strengthen the protection and access to rights for IDPs and communities at risk of displacement. 3. To strengthen mechanisms and build the capacities of LGUs and communities on protection and response including abuse, exploitation and trafficking of children during emergencies. 4. To recognize and utilize alternative dispute resolution mechanisms provided that they do not violate existing national and international Cluster objectives laws and the provisions of the standard operating procedures against GBV. 5. To improve access to quality services for GBV survivors in conflict- affected areas. 6. To raise awareness about GBV and institute GBV prevention measures in communities. 7. To prevent and respond to cases of grave child rights violations in situations of armed conflict, including implementing Action Plans and strategies with armed forces and groups on the issue of the recruitment and use of children. Protection: 698,251 people Number of GBV: 256,497 people beneficiaries Child Protection: 90,000 (<18 year olds); 150,000 (total beneficiaries) $7,365,448 Funds required Protection: $5,257,735; GBV: $107,713; Child Protection: $2,000,000 Funds required per Immediate: $3,105,403 priority level High: $4,260,045 Protection: Arjun Jain ([email protected]) Contact information GBV: Florence Tayzon ([email protected]) Child Protection: Patrick Halton ([email protected])
69 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
Categories and disaggregated numbers of affected population and beneficiaries 20 21 22 23
Category of affected Targeted beneficiaries GBV people Female Male Total Female Male Adolescents Lanao del Sur 7,011 10,190 17,201 3,312 2,279 3,010 Maguindanao 184,304 297,052 481,356 96,452 59,899 84,237 Cotabato City 49,516 67,291 116,807 North Cotabato 6,969 7,466 14,435 2,426 2,265 2,527 South Cotabato 437 284 721 Sultan Kudarat 7,118 11,017 18,135 Lanao del Norte 19,484 30,112 49,596 102,280 64,443 89,774 Total 274,839 423,412 698,251 256,497
A. Sectoral needs analysis
Identification of priority needs, populations and locations based on key indicators
General: With geographical and organizational expansion of the Protection Cluster in 2011, the cluster members have observed protection needs among affected populations in areas beyond GPH- MILF conflict-affected areas (CAA) across Mindanao. Events threatening life, safety and security have been reported across Mindanao from island Provinces in ARMM in the west to the Region XI in the east, XIII in the north to XII in the south.
In Region IX, communities are affected by military activities involving government forces, non- state and terrorist groups. In Region X, there still are displaced people mostly found in host families as a result of armed conflicts in 2000, 2003, and 2008. Among them, there are lumad or indigenous populations. In Region XI, communities are largely affected by armed conflict between the government troops and the Communist Party of the Philippines, New People’s Army (CPP-NPA). Many communities, mostly lumad communities, have been affected by short term but recurrent displacements and facing heightened protection risks. In Region XII and ARMM, communities have not yet found durable solutions from armed conflict prior to 2008. Recurrent clan feuds also continue to threaten population. In Region XIII, communities including those of lumad’s continue to be affected by armed conflict between government forces and the CPP-NPA, as well as development projects. In addition, natural calamities caused by typhoons continue to put population at risk.
Gaps in needs assessment and information management: Though the humanitarian community is aware of the alarming situation across Mindanao, there is substantial unavailability of and/or lack of access to protection related data as a result of disproportional presence of humanitarian agencies and limitation in the Protection Cluster’s networking, especially in Regions IX, X and XIII. Furthermore, in case of the UN-MILF Action Plan on the recruitment and use of children, assessments, beneficiary mapping, and accumulation of data, namely the registration of children associated with armed groups,
20 IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix, assessment tool used for evacuation centres/camps (assessment date from June to September 2011). 21 IOM Site Window, assessment tool used primarily for flooded or flood affected sites and other types of sites such as host community, return, and resettled communities (assessment data from August to September 2011). 22 DSWD IDPs registration in Maguindanao (29 July 2011). 23 Note: Child Protection project: ‘Protection of Children Affected by Armed Conflict, including Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups’ – this project comprises the UN mandated MRM for Grave Child Rights Violations, and Action Plans and strategies with armed actors on the issue of recruitment and use of minors. It does not always conform to breakdown by geographical area-based on recognized administrative units, as the target beneficiaries are often identified and delineated among the command structure of non-state armed groups. For the UN-MILF Action Plan on recruitment and use, up to 2,000 children are expected to be registered during the HAP 2012 period. Reintegration services will be inclusive and community-based therefore reaching up to 50,000 children. It is stressed that registration of children (and therefore mapping of beneficiaries) is an integral part of the project itself for which HAP funding is requested. This will take place across 21 base commands and four fronts of the MILF-Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (BIAF).
70 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan is part of the project itself for which HAP funnding is requested. The Protection Cluster needs to reach out more to existing protection networks, especially in regions with data gaps. Eqqually, a community- based protection monitoring web can be replicated in areas outside of GPH-MILF CAA to timely identify and respond to protection needs.
There is a need for a databank on affected populations and standardized data collection mechanism, including mechanisms for IDP registration, thus ensuring a better understanding of the magnitude of the issues on the ground. Age, gender and diversity need to be further mainstreamed in data collection and project implementation in order to capture and respond to specific risks faced by affected populations. The absence of a streamlined registration system of affected population has been the reason for unequal assistancce provided among beneficiaries causinng unnecessary speculation and jealousy among vulnerable displaced communities. There also is an immediate need to advocate for An elderly farmer displaced by rido in Maguindanao | more presence of organizations which can David Swanson/Integrated Regional Infoformation Network (IRIN) respond to needs of people with special needs.
In reality, there still is a lack of clarity and limited application of the definition oof IDP by authorities exclude groups who would be regarded as displaced within the international normative framework. Today, the humanitarian community advocate for the Internal Displacement Act of 2011 to be enacted in the Senate and the House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress, whhich would clarify its definition and application. In finding durable solutions to affected populations, a focus on voluntary aspectss of the return process is essential. An absence of protection components in return, reintegration and relocation policies and strategies at municipal level to achieve durable solutions to forced displacement today continue to cause removal of IDPs from IDP listing and/or forced them to return.
Threat to Life, Safety, Security and Freedom of Movement: At the community level, there is a need for the humanitarian community to invest in empowering communities. TThrough establishing early warning mechanisms, including contingency plans, and equipping communities with knowledge on the rights of IDPs, namely Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, commmmunities would build a stronger community-based foundation. Commmunities with solidarity, knowledge and preparation are resilient to disasters, less vulnerable to displacement, less likely to cause events to interrupt peace, and can better prevent and/or manage when in crisis.
There is a strong need for the humanitarian community to be involved in advocating for civilian protection, including rights of IDPs. Through Protection Cluster network, we receive reports that civilian structures are damaged and/or occupied, civilians, including women and children, are coerced into assisting armed actors, civilians disappeared or were abducted, civilians that are arbitrary or illegally detained or arrested, civilians are restricted in terms of free movement and so on.
Explosive remnants of war and IEDs: Pressence and incidents of unexploded ordnance (UXO) have been reported in at least in Regions ARMM, XI and XIII. The AFP has the capacity to demine, yet demining does not take place in a timely manner, especially in areas controlled by non-state armed actors due to the Government force’s involvement in armed conflicts. In additiion, the population is hesitant to report incidents to the authorities as they do not want to be perceived as taking sides in the conflict. UXO risk-awareness at community level is not conducted regularly by any agency across Mindanao.
71 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
In GPH-MILF CAA, funding is urgently needed to operationalize Philippine Campaign to Ban Landmines (PCBL) and Swiss Foundation for Mine Action (FSD), which is mandated by the Government and the MILF as partners in the Joint Mines/UXO Clearance Project. In other CAAs, there is a need to identify agencies for demining and mine/UXO risk awareness. An absence of specialized organizations continues to leave populations vulnerable to incidents and the humanitarian community continues to work without any mapping of possible UXO and other explosive remnants in armed conflict-affected areas.
GBV: The IDP return areas in Maguindanao and North Cotabato Provinces lack an effective surveillance, monitoring and rescue system for GBV cases. Access to appropriate and immediate medical and psychological care for GBV survivors is weak, and the referral system for GBV survivors needs strengthening. For GBV survivors, fostering a safe environment for treatment, recovery and reintegration is a priority. There is a need to increase the number of health facilities with post-rape kits and trained staff to respond to GBV incidents and the number of functional and culturally appropriate houses of refuge. Child protection: Grave child rights violations in situations of armed conflict remain widespread.24 The UN mandated MRM is in place in the Philippines since 2007 with the aim of preventing and responding to such abuses, which include killing and maiming, recruitment or use of children by armed groups, attacks on schools and hospitals, rape or other grave sexual violence, and abduction of children and denial of humanitarian access for children. The Philippine Country Task Force on Monitoring and Reporting (CTFMR) has noted the increase of recorded grave child rights violations the past two years. This may be more indicative of the vigilance in documenting child rights violations than an escalation of armed conflict. Despite obvious security restrictions, the Child Protection Cluster has recorded 38 children (8 girls and 30 boys) killed and 40 maimed (24 boys and 16 girls) as a result of the armed conflict in 2010, representing a significant increase from the cases recorded in 2009 (12 children killed and 40 injured). There were also more attack on schools recorded in 2010 (41 incidents) than in 2009 (10 cases). Facilitating response, continued monitoring the development of these cases, and pursuing advocacy at all levels for mitigation and prevention have to be sustained. Advocacy efforts, including through capacity-building and orientation activities, would be undertaken to expand the MRM’s geographical coverage and improve its implementation. The Child Protection Cluster will work with government and civil society groups for the MRM.
The UN-MILF Action Plan on the issue of recruitment and use of minors remains in process. Children associated with the MILF-BIAF are being registered across all command areas with potential coverage of 3,847 barangays. The Action Plan includes the establishment of Child Protection Units within the command structure of the BIAF, widespread awareness raising and multi-sector responses to the recruitment dynamic. The Action Plan is a joint UN undertaking and is a valuable entry point to remote and otherwise hard to reach conflict-affected communities. As with other grave child rights violations, protecting children from recruitment and use requires building a protective environment for children; strengthening community cohesion through civil society groups. The 2012 project period will see the continued registration of children associated with the MILF-BIAF across all base command areas and fronts, including the independent verification of the process. The project period will also see roll-out of awareness-raising activities for MILF commanders, religious leaders and other community members. Through community-based protection networks and advocacy within and between religious communities, prevention mechanism and referral pathways will be developed.
CBCPNs are a critical child protection tool in the context of conflict-affected Mindanao. Networks composed of members of the communities are mobilized to identify and address child protection concerns while developing functional linkages with the Barangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC) thus increasing accountability and improving sustainability. Additionally, CBCPNs maintain CFSs, establish youth and children’s clubs and initiate multifarious child protection activities, including psycho-social support, in their respective communities. Currently implemented only in ARMM and Region XII, there is a need to expand its network in other regions. While a major
24 Verified reports gathered by UN CTFMR.
72 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan concern is high incidence of separated, unaccompanied and missing children, CBCPNs are designed to protect all children in the community and are vital to protecting children at source. Through CBCPN, there is a need to strengthen documentation, tracking and monitoring of these children.
Human and Child Trafficking: Human trafficking, especially of women and children to both international and national destinations, is a widely known phenomenon in Mindanao.25 Reports from DSWD and CHR show incidence of trafficking in Regions ARMM, XI and XII, however there is anecdotal and evidence-based data to suggest that areas across Maguindanao and Upi have the highest flow of children trafficked in the country. A study conducted by Mindanao Migrants Centre for Empowering Actions, Inc in GPH-MILF CAA concluded that armed conflict and consequent recurrent displacement make women and girls more vulnerable to be trafficked. Recruiters take advantage of poverty, cyclic debt and unintentional act of family members to traffic women and children, therefore there is a need to educate communities on human trafficking. The study outside of CAA is not yet conducted and there is a need to have more understanding on the magnitude of the issue and correlation with vulnerability, including displacement and conflict. There is a need to operationalize roles and responsibilities of Government agencies in anti-human trafficking and strengthen the Provincial Council on Anti-Trafficking (PCAT) which lacks finance for preventative actions, and raise awareness and responsive activities. In addition, the reactivation of the Local Council for the Protection of Children (LCPC) and BCPC to prevent human trafficking could be achieved through orientations.
Loss of Civilian Status: It is estimated that less than one quarter of the population have a birth certificate, due to obstacles such as the distance to municipal Local Civil Registry (LCR) office, financial difficulty, lack of understanding of the document’s importance, traditionally not practiced and so on. There is a need to raise awareness on the importance of having birth certificates, which can be critical protection tools for freedom of movement especially in time of displacement and are also tools that grant access to certain rights. In reality, it is estimated less than half of the population have a physical access to LCR and many live hours of walk, if not days, away. There is a need to reinforce the existing mechanism for populations living in the interior, including lumads, to have equal access to Birth Certificates.
Risk analysis The following are risk factors that particularly affect the implementation of protection activities: (1) the ongoing peace processes, GPH-MILF and GPH-CPP/NPA are forward looking and protection risks will naturally increase if the peace processes collapses; (2) the affected populations may be more vulnerable if assistance is focused on returnees and the balance is lost between assistance to returnees and displaced population.
Inter-relations of needs with other sectors Continuation of strong relationship and consultation with all clusters is essential, as protection is a core component and cross-cutting element of humanitarian response. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and other members of the Protection Cluster attend other cluster meetings and work closely in the field ensuring convergence of activities. Given that protection is one of the core and cross-cutting issues that affects all clusters, additional efforts need to be made to develop a multi-year protection strategy that has the endorsement of all the clusters. Similarly, data processed by the protection cluster should be made available to other clusters so that we are working on a common basis.
B. Coverage of needs by actors not in the cluster or HAP UNHCR and other cluster members are broadening their partnerships in areas and issues that have not been covered until now. Over time as these relationships strengthen, new partners and emerging issues will be included in the agenda of the Protection Cluster. Already over 60 agencies are members of the Protection Cluster and meetings are held in Cotabato, Iligan and Davao. At the same time, a protection strategy that is multi-year and endorsed by all clusters would assist in creating a common
25 Case data from DSWD.
73 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012 vision among all stakeholders. UNHCR will also ensure that, as the cluster lead for Protection, projects undertaken by it are endorsed by the Protection Cluster to receive widest coverage.
C. Objectives, outcomes, outputs, and indicators
Outcomes with corresponding Outputs with corresponding Indicators with corresponding targets targets targets and baseline Objective 1. To coordinate provision of essential protection services in IDP sites and return areas to all children, women and other vulnerable groups, including people with special needs. Protection services available in Standardized protection six regions. monitoring system is in place in six regions. No. of reported cases that are responded to. Residents in 250 barangays are 200,000 people receive free birth issued with free birth and and marriage registration marriage registration documents in six provinces. documents.
Objective 2. To strengthen the protection and access to rights for IDPs and communities at risk of displacement Rights of IDPs and communities IDP bill passed at national level. at risk are respected. Objective 3. To strengthen mechanisms and build the capacities of LGUs and communities on protection and response including abuse, exploitation and trafficking of children during emergencies. Protection environment No. of capacity-building training enhanced. held on IDP protection among duty bearers including the military. Children affected by armed Community-based child No. of CBCPNs established conflict and emergencies protection networks and developed benefit from a protective established in selected areas. No. of CFS established. environment. Psycho-social support No. of child protection issues Children affected by armed provided through CFSs and handled through CBCPN. conflict and emergencies youth clubs. No. of children availing of receive psycho-social psycho-social support through support. CFS. Objective 4. To recognize and utilize alternative dispute resolution mechanisms provided that they do not violate existing national and international laws and the provisions of the GBV SOPs. Women and child rights No. of traditional leaders and legislation or policies are religious leaders trained to established with Ulama and make referrals for GBV cases Shariah justice as entry points. following the GBV standard operating procedures in three provinces. No. of communities recognizing traditional leaders and religious leaders as GBV cases entry points.
74 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan
Objective 5. To improve access to quality services for SGBV survivors in conflict-affected areas. SGBV survivors accessing No. of medical staffs trained quality medical, psycho-social on gender responsive and judiciary services. provision of services. No. of functional half-way homes No. of survivors served (medical, psycho-social, legal). No. of duty bearers providing appropriate response to GBV cases . No. of reported cases resolved in court. No. of communities oriented on GBV standard operating procedures. Objective 6. To raise awareness about GBV and institute GBV prevention measures in communities. Women and girls are aware of No. of women and girls At least 20% of women and GBV and women’s rights. attending GBV info sessions. girls in return areas informed Communities instituting GBV No. of communities with about SGBV. prevention measure. women and child protection At least 50% of communities desks. with women and child No. of communities with protection desks. barangay protection desks. At least 20% of communities with barangay protection desks. Objective 7. To prevent and respond to cases of grave child rights violations in situations of armed conflict. MRM is expanded across Partners for MRM are trained. No. of reported cases that are CAAs in Mindanao. Data management system is responded to. UN-MILF Action Plan is fully developed. No. of CAAFAG registered. implemented. CAAFAG are registered. No. of CAAFAG that receive a CAAFAG receive a package package of reintegration and of reintegration and healing healing services. services.
D. Cluster monitoring plan
Monitoring method Indicator(s) Targets (form & schedule) monthly or quarterly S.O. 1: Protect the affected population, particularly vulnerable individuals and groups, building on existing mechanisms in all regions of Mindanao. No. of data/cases by Regions IX, XI, XII, Field reports and follow up state/non-state actors reported CARAGA and island visits across regions. provinces of ARMM. Field visits No. of reported cases Data sheets responded to. Case management files Monitoring forms No. of LGUs who attended the All regions Attendance sheets capacity-building activities Workshop reports
75 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
No. of regions with functional ARMM, Regions IX, X, Case management files half-way homes/safe houses CARAGA. Workshop reports for GBV survivors. All regions No. of medical staff trained on especially .ARMM. gender responsive provision of services. No. of reported cases that are All regions. Case management files. responded to Monitoring forms. % of individuals requesting for ARMM, Regions X, XI. Birth certificates. government services with birth registration documents No. of province in 6 regions with All regions. Field reports and follow up child protection services visits. Field visits. Data sheets. No. of provinces/areas with All regions. Field reports and follow up existing community-based visits. protection monitoring networks Field visits. No. of LGUs with protection and All regions. Reports and contingency response plans in place i.e. plans. integrated in their contingency plans No. of community-based All regions. Field reports and follow up protection networks developed visits. Field visits. No. of Ulama and Shariah justice ARMM and an additional Strategic plans of action. systems identified as entry points province. Court records, case for incorporating women and child management files. rights legislation or policies
76 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
E. Map of proposed coverage per site
77 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
4.5.9 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
Summary of cluster response plan Government lead DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH / UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN’S FUND agency / Co-lead agency Cluster member OXFAM, MTB, ACF International, ASDWS, Mindanao Emergency organizations Response Network Number of projects 7 1. To ensure affected populations, particularly children, women and other vulnerable sectors, have access to WASH services according to assessed needs, including in schools and rural health units. Cluster objectives 2. To support the Government and local communities to respond and recover from emergencies through advocacy and capacity development. Number of Total of 236,000 people: 137,000 female, 99,000 males, 105,000 children beneficiaries Funds required $3,046,000 Funds required per Immediate: $1,020,000 priority level High: $2,026,000 Contact information Tim Grieve ([email protected])
Categories and disaggregated numbers of affected population and beneficiaries
Category of Number of people in need Targeted beneficiaries affected people Female Male Total Female Male Total IDPs 28,017 18,18646,203 25,000 18,000 43,000 Conflict-affected 96,698 62,767 159,465 24,000 18,000 42,000 Flooded and 151,326 98,228 249,554 60,400 42,100 102,500 flood-affected Returnees 121,883 79,114 200,997 18,000 15,000 33,000 Host communities 25,488 16,544 42,032 9,000 6,500 15,500 Totals 423,412 274,839 698,251 136,400 99,600 236,000
A. Sectoral needs analysis
Identification of priority needs, populations and locations based on key indicators Conflict and natural disasters have aggravated the already poor WASH situation in Mindanao triggered by the repetitive use of sites, including schools used as evacuation centres. In a recent situation analysis by UNICEF, a third of the Philippines’s communities with less than 50% of households with access to water were in ARMM, and Regions IX and XII; specifically, the provinces of Maguindanao, North Cotabato, Lanao del Sur, Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, Sultan Kudarat and the Zamboanga peninsula. These provinces were also in the bottom 44 in the ranking on household access to toilets, with the five provinces of ARMM in the bottom nine.26 In 2010, the Basic Education Information System (BEIS) showed that student to toilet bowl ratio in Sulu was as high as 1 to 796.27
Water: Almost all areas identified by the assessments done in June 2011 in Maguindanao, North Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat were prone to flooding, which increase the risk of contaminating or destruction of water points, depriving communities of access to safe drinking water. For example, the wide use of unprotected hand-dug wells and flood-prone hand pumps in return areas and key
26 STREAMS and UNICEF (2011), WASH Situation Analysis in Poor and Under-Served Communities in the Philippines. 27 Basic Education Information System (2010).
78 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan evacuation centres are often contaminated thus reducing access to safe drinking water and increasing the risk of water-borne diseases.
Quick facts on WASH % of Households Student to toilet Province with Sanitary toilets* bowl ration** Sulu 15.5 797 Lanao del Sur 14.6 285 Basilan 56.0 288 Tawi-Tawi 49.5 113 Maguindanao 48.70 93 North Cotabato 73.4 89 Sultan Kudarat 65.5 93 * Philippines Field Health Service Information System. ** Basic Education Information System (2011).
In the Humanitarian Response Consortium (HRC) Rapid Assessment Report of June 2011, water quality was questionable in several water sources tested. The recommendations called for an immediate response for improving water monitoring systems and the development of more flood- resilient water systems. Furthermore, the assessment identified a need for continued support for IDPs in ensuring access to safe drinking water including clean water storage facilities and safe water boiling practices (the most common option for clean water) and only a small portion of those families assessed had access to other methods such as bios, filters and chlorination.
The DANA report of May 2011 showed that 40% of the population had no access to alternative water supply immediately after the floods.
Out of the 130 schools assessed by SC in May 2011, only 40% of schools had access to water points and 60% of the schools assessed did not have access to water. Water points are critical for pupils and for IDPs who use schools as evacuation centres.
Sanitation: The DANA report also showed that 67% of the latrines in the communities assessed were damaged or submerged in water. This was consistent with HRC Rapid Assessment Report (June 2011) found that the alternative to the absence of functional latrines was open defection except for those evacuation centres and relocation sites where latrines were made available. Open defecation near rivers is the common practice when families do not have latrine access. UNICEF’s monitoring visits to WASH project sites observed that the main challenge with communal latrines was desludging. Also, schools used as evacuation centres were prone to vandalism. Sanitation facilities were non-functional in many of the CMAM health sites. There is a need to raise the physical level of the latrines that are commonly located on the ground in flood-prone or marsh areas. The HRC report indicated that communal latrines in evacuation centres, places of origin and resettlement areas were often shared by men and women and many users considered them unsafe, particularly at night and there is no lighting.
Hygiene: The HRC Rapid Assessment revealed a high level of hygiene practices, specifically handwashing as a result of hygiene promotion activities implemented in evacuation centres. However, these practices were reported to have declined when the evacuees moved back to their places of origin. Soap is a major need in areas of return to sustain adequate sanitation and hygiene practices.
The HRC Rapid Assessment also reported cases of leptospirosis, a disease transmitted when animal waste contaminates waterways during floods, particularly due to the absence or obstruction to drainage. Animal waste, open defecation and solid waste, combined with flood water, contaminates the surface and ground water causing water-borne diseases such as diarrhoea and skin diseases.
79 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
Risk analysis
Proximity of many communities to rivers and marshes in the Liguasan Marsh of Maguindanao and North Cotabato renders them susceptible to flooding. The high water table makes it difficult to reach potable water, and septic tanks are prone to flooding or seepage, posing a contamination risk to potable water sources. A further challenge is the low number of local contractors capable of drilling boreholes, constructing facilities and even desludging septic tanks to the quality required.
Inter-relations of needs with other sectors
Overall, the WASH Cluster will complement health and nutrition outcomes through the strengthening of water quality monitoring systems, increasing sanitation coverage and improving hygiene practices. According to the Nutrition Cluster situation reports of 2011, access to safe water in the majority of CMAM therapeutic centres was a problem as many of the health centres have non-functional water systems. The practice in CMAM therapeutic centres is to carry water from Cotabato City. The WASH Cluster will support rural health units and therapeutic feeding centres in affected areas by assessing the WASH needs in these facilities and addressing them as necessary.
The WASH Cluster will also work with the Education Cluster concerning the access of children to WASH facilities in schools/ECCD centres.
Furthermore, the WASH Cluster will continue to work in collaboration with the CCCM Cluster to identify IDPs and returnees.
Priority needs of women and girls in North Cotabato, Maguindanao, Sultan Kudarat and Cotabato City
Priority needs Key indicators Underlying and Interrelations Risks identified identified immediate causes Privacy in terms of % of gender- Religious Protection Limited latrines and segregated practices Cluster access to bathing facilities latrines especially in funding that are % of gender Islam- Standards in segregated by segregated denominated approach, gender. Privacy bathing areas methodology for breast feeding facilities To avoid and and addressing % of latrines domestic conflict processes menstrual needs. for with that may arise should be sanitary from any established disposal bins suspicious acts due to lack of privacy
B. Coverage of needs by actors not in the cluster or HAP There are no other actors implementing WASH activities. The private sector is contracted by NGOs who are members of the WASH Cluster.
80 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan
C. Objectives, outcomes, outputs, and indicators
Outcomes with corresponding Indicators with corresponding targets and baseline targets Cluster Objective 1. To ensure affected populations, particularly children, women and other vulnerable sectors, have access to WASH services according to assessed needs, including in schools and Rural Health Units. 80% of IDPs and returnees have Percentage of households with access to at least 15 litres of safe access to an adequate supply of water per person per day. The baseline varies from site to site but safe water according to the evidence above, most IDPs and returnees do not have adequate access to safe water. 80% of IDPs and returnees have Percentage of IDPs and returnees with access to toilet facilities. access to toilet facilities Most IDPs and returnees do not have access to sanitary toilets. 80% of IDPs have access to Percentage of IDPs with access to bathing facilities. Most IDPs bathing facilities in evacuation and returnees do not have access to bathing facilities. centres 80% household receive a family Percentage of households with access to a family hygiene kit. hygiene kit One hygiene kit each for a returned family and a family in evacuation centres, with each kit designed to last one month. 80% of households with water Percentage of households with water treatment and safe storage treatment and safe storage (e.g. (e.g. water kits, etc.). One hygiene kit each for a returned family water kits, etc.) and a family in evacuation centres. 100% of families of children with Percentage of families of children with acute malnutrition with acute malnutrition receive a access to a hygiene kit, water kit and ORS. As this activity has hygiene kit, water kit and oral only started, very few families with malnourished children have rehydration salt (ORS). received this support. Cluster Objective 2. To support the Government and local communities to respond and recover from emergencies through advocacy and capacity development
80% of households have access Percentage of households with access to a hygiene promotion to a hygiene promotion programme. Many of the evacuation centres had access to programme. hygiene promotion when families arrived at the evacuation centres but this programme needs continual support.
D. Cluster monitoring plan The Lead Agency, DoH will monitor the overall implementation of the cluster response plan with the support of the co-lead, UNICEF, during WASH cluster meetings. Appropriate planning and reporting formats will be developed and strengthened to ensure that humanitarian needs and gaps are addressed. Joint assessments and field visits will be undertaken.
Coordination with other clusters will be undertaken through bilateral meetings and the MHT meetings on a regular basis. A monitoring plan is currently being developed by SC, funded by UNICEF. This will be scaled up in 2012.
81 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
E. Map of proposed coverage per site
82 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
4.6 Logical framework of humanitarian action plan
Strategic Corresponding cluster objectives (abbreviated) Key indicators with targets Objective PRIORITY SECTORS: Health; Food Security and Agriculture; Nutrition; Water, Sanitation and Hygiene; CCCM; Protection; Education
1. Protect the Health Ensure access to essential health services, including Essential drugs are replenished in up to 80% of targeted affected population, mental health and psycho-social support and RH barangay health stations. particularly services. Mobile health services provided to up to 80% of target vulnerable communities without existing health facilities.. individuals and Up to 80% of targeted barangay health stations that have groups, building on been damaged are rehabilitated. existing mechanisms. Food Ensure adequate food consumption. >90% households have food consumption score of >42. Security and Increase food production among resettled and returnee 100% of targeted farmers, who are returnees, receive Agriculture households to restore food security. agriculture inputs in time for the designated cropping season. Nutrition Ensure access of children under five and PLW in >90% of children under five received at least two sachets affected communities to micronutrients from fortified of micronutrient powders. food, supplements or multiple micronutrient >90% of PLW received micronutrient supplements to meet preparations. daily requirements. Establish and maintain access of all affected or Cure rate >75%, death rate <5% (<3% in supplementary vulnerable municipalities to appropriate and feeding), default rate <15%. comprehensive management of acute malnutrition for >50% CMAM programme coverage in rural areas. children under five. >70% CMAM programme coverage in urban areas. >90% CMAM programme coverage in evacuation camps. >80% of children screened with acute malnutrition are admitted into the programme.
83 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
WASH Ensure access to essential WASH services, including in 80% of IDPs and returnees have access to an adequate schools and rural health units supply of safe water. 80% of IDPs and returnees have access to toilet facilities. 80% of IDPs have access to bathing facilities in evacuation centres. 80% of households receive a family hygiene kit. 100% of families of children with acute malnutrition receives a hygiene kit, water kit and ORS. CCCM Provide conflict- and natural disaster-affected families 40,000 affected households receive emergency shelter and with emergency shelter and NFI support. NFI kits. Protection Provide essential protection services in IDP sites and Standardized protection monitoring system is in place in six return areas to all children, women and other vulnerable regions. groups, including people with special needs. Strengthen mechanisms and build the capacities of Community-based child protection networks established in LGUs and communities on protection and response, selected areas (target being established). including abuse, exploitation and trafficking of children Psycho-social support provided through CFSs and youth during emergencies. clubs (target being established). Respond to and prevent cases of grave child rights No. of reported cases that are responded to (target being violations in situations of armed conflict. established). Education Provide access to quality ECCD and Basic Education 80% of children covered are equipped with survival, through regular and alternative delivery modes, development and learning skills and referred to education Education in Emergencies or ECCD. service providers. 150 TLS constructed and provided with learning materials and equipped with facilities. 70% of teachers and volunteers in covered areas are trained on EiEs. SECTORS ADDRESSING URGENT NEEDS: Health; Nutrition; CCCM; WASH; Coordination
84 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan
2. Support the Health Strengthen disease surveillance in emergencies. 100% of suspected outbreaks investigated within 48 hours Government in of detection. responding to emergencies to Nutrition Support appropriate IYCF practices, including early >90% of lactating mothers in evacuation centres or affected reduce vulnerability initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding from areas avail of the safe havens for breastfeeding. of the affected birth to six months, and appropriate complementary population, based feeding practices from six months beyond, among on assessed needs mothers, PLW, and fathers by ensuring access to appropriate counselling support. Provide timely, updated data on nutritional status of the 80% of children under five screened using MUAC. affected population and vulnerable groups, including prevalence of malnutrition, underlying causes of malnutrition and other contextual factors. CCCM Conduct needs assessments in all IDP sites and return 100% of IDP sites and return areas assessed and needs communities and disseminate the results humanitarian communicated to the MHT. and other stakeholders. WASH Support the Government and local communities to 80% of households has access to a hygiene promotion respond and recover from emergencies through programme. assisting with hygiene promotion programmes. Coordination Strengthen coordination to support delivery of Monthly humanitarian situation updates published to humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable. support operational needs and enhance situational understanding. SECTORS ADDRESSING ER NEEDS AND BUILD LOCAL CAPACITY TO RESPOND TO EMERGENCIES: CCCM; ER; Education; Food Security and Agriculture; Nutrition; Protection
85 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
3. Support the CCCM Improve the overall situation in IDP sites and conflict- Camp management committees established and return to normality and flood-affected communities by establishing site communal facilities rehabilitated in up to 74 IDP sites and of affected management mechanisms and rehabilitate communal priority return communities. populations, facilities. particularly ER Promote and support sustainable non-agri livelihood livelihood 10,000 disaster-affected families in target priority sites initiatives for families in target priority sites. opportunities, and provided with livelihood support. strengthen the Education Strengthen child rights and protective mechanism in Learning institutions in four identified municipalities capacity of the local learning institutions. declared as “Zones of Peace”. government and communities to do Food Support the re-establishment of livelihood and food and >50% of communities assisted improve their ‘community so. Security nutrition security by improving access to assets. assets score’, which measures the increase in the number and of functioning natural, physical and social infrastructure Agriculture assets at the community level. Enhance the livelihood skills of the beneficiaries to >60% of food-for-training (FFT) participants use their strengthen communities’ resilience to shocks. acquired skills. Nutrition Strengthen government capacity to respond to nutrition At least one Nutrition in Emergencies training supported in needs during emergencies. ARMM and Region XII. Protection Strengthen the protection and access to rights for IDPs IDP bill passed at national level. and communities at risk of displacement. Utilize alternative dispute resolution mechanisms for No. of communities recognizing traditional leaders and GBV, provided that they do not violate existing national religious leaders as GBV cases entry points (target being and international laws and the provisions of the GBV established). standard operating procedures. Improve access to quality services for SGBV survivors No. of medical staffs trained on gender responsive in conflict-affected areas. provision of services (target being established). No. of survivors served (medical, psycho-social, legal) (target being established). Raise awareness about GBV and institute GBV >20% of women and girls in return areas are informed prevention measures in communities. about SGBV. > 50% of communities have women and child protection desks.
86 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan
4.7 Cross-cutting issues
Gender: Gender mainstreaming is underscored in the HAP 2012 such that women, girls, men and boys are equitably targeted. Clusters have identified steps to integrate gender coonsiderations in their cluster response plans with support from UN Women Philippines. For examplee, Food Security and Agriculture Cluster will ensure equal participation of women in its project committees and training events. IIt will also track gender indicators in all phases of its programme monitoring.
In 2012, the collection of gender disaggregaate information will improve now that gender indicators have been incorporated in inter-agency rapid needs assessment and post-emergency assessment tools. Agencies will work closely with government line ministries to deliver gender and age-sensitive protection and assistance in the priority IDP sites and return areas.
People with disability: There are approximately 942,000 people with disabilities in the Philippines.28 People with disability are often overlooked in emergency relief despite their vulnerability to disasters and conflicts, and therefore, it is critical thatt their needs, concerns and abilities are taken into account in the design of the HAP. Given that baseline data is significantly lacking in Mindanao, the clusters have been encouraged to ensure that their planned needs assessments will cover disability concerns.
Protection: The primary focus of protection is the ‘do no harm’ approach in humanitarian programming, which takes into consideration the need to improve communities’ resilience to shocks and reduce its threats and vulnerabilities. Protection monitoring has been articulated in the overall objectives of the HAP 2012 and the project selection crc iteria so that the safetty and dignity of the affected population will be prioritized. To further improve protection, the right to information of affected populations will be strengthened through community organization activities aimed at improving dialogue between the beneficiaries and humanitarian actors. ER and livelihood support: ER is mainstreamed in the majority of the cluster response plans. In the context of Mindanao, the focus of ER is on providing livelihood opportunities and strengthening the provision of basic social services such as health care and WASH. A farmer returns to his rice field abandoned during the height of the 2008 GPH-MILF conflict | Jason Gutierrez/IRIN
4.8 Roles and responsibilities
The Philippines HCT: As per the IASC guidance, the HCT aims to: (i) ensurre sound coordination and communication in respect of humanitarian action in the Philippines among UUN agencies, NGOs, and international organizations that participate in the HCT coordination mechanisms, and (ii) ensure that humanitarian action in the Philippines iss conducted in accordance with humanitarian principles, is timely, effective and efficient, and contributes to longer-term recovery.
The HCT is led by the HC, who is also the UN Resident Coordinator and the UN Designated Official. OCHA supports the HC and the HCT with coordination, information maanagement, resource mobilization and policy advocacy. Currently, 18 UN agencies and seven international non- governmental organizations (INGOs) are meembers with the ICRC, IFRC and six donor agencies as observers. The INGOs represent the Philipppines INGO Network (PINGON), a consortium of more
28 National Statistics Office (2000).
87 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012 than 20 INGOs. (See diagramme on the HCT membership.) The HC also chhaairs the UN Country Team, Security Management Team, and the CTFMR (on Grave Child Rights Viiolations in Situations of Armeed Conflict) in her other capacities.
Humanitarian action in support of the GGovernment: Eight clusters and three sub-clusters are operational in Mindanao, each led by government cluster leads supported by MHT co-leads. While humanitarian assistance is the primary responsibility of the government, the HCT operates in support of the government whenever possible. A Mindanao TWG was established to strreengthen the link with Mindanao Regional DRRM Councils chaired by OCD Directors. (See section 2.5 for a diagramme on the humanitarian coordination structure in the Philippines.)
Outside of the MHT structure, OCHA liaises with the Mindanao Development Authority (MinDA), the International Monitoring Team (IMT), which monitors the implementattiion of the ceasefire agreement between the Government and thhe MILF, and the donors, on behalf of the humanitarian community. Civil-military coordination has aalso been established with the AFP.
Engaging the local donor community: The development of the HAP has been ttransparent to donors, who have been kept abreast of the issues and priorities of the HAP at various sttages of the planning process. The HC will lead donor field visits, supported by the HCT, MHT and OCHA, to acclimatize the donor community on the protracted humanitarian situation, as well as to demonstrate the impact of project convergence in affected areas. OCHA will also brief donors on the situation and priority gap areas in need of support on behalf of the HCT and the MHT.
The Philippine Huumanitarian Country Team
88 4. The 2012 common humanitarian action plan
Membership of the Mindanao Humanitarian Team by Cluster
CCCM Cluster Lead (Government): DSWD Cluster Co-Lead: IOM Cluster members and other humanitarian stakeholders: ACF MAPAD OCHA UNHCR CEMILARDEF MERN Oxfam UNICEF CFSI MinHRAC SC WFP HOM MTB UNDP WHO KFI NPP UNFPA ER Cluster Lead (Government): OCD Cluster Co-Lead: UNDP Cluster members and other humanitarian stakeholders: OPAPP, PAMANA ILO MTB UNHCR CEMILARDEF IOM MYROi UNICEF CFSI JICA OXFAM WFP FAO KFI SC Education Cluster Lead (Government): DepEd Cluster Co-Lead: UNICEF Cluster members and other humanitarian stakeholders: CHED-ARMM DSWD CEMILARDEF Save the Children DOST-ARMM, RXII DTI CFSI TESDA Food Security and Agriculture Cluster Lead (Government): DSWD Cluster Co-Lead: WFP Cluster members and other humanitarian stakeholders: DA DOH FAO SEEDTECH DENR ACF MAPAD UnYPAD DepEd CFSI Health Cluster Lead (Government): DoH Cluster Co-Lead: WHO Cluster members and other humanitarian stakeholders: BMWFI IOM MYROi UNICEF CEMILARDEF KFDAI PRC UNYPAD HOM MTB UNFPA YAPDN Nutrition Cluster Lead (Government): DoH Cluster Co-Lead: UNICEF Cluster members and other humanitarian stakeholders: CMYC ACF HOM MTB SC BMW Kadtabanga MYROi WFP CEMILARDEF Foundation NYPAD WHO CFSI MERN-Ranaw Protection including Child Protection and SGBV Cluster Lead (Government) for child protection Cluster Co-Lead: UNHCR, UNICEF (Child and SGBV : DSWD Protection), UNFPA (SGBV) Cluster members and other humanitarian stakeholders: ILO ACF IMT-HRD MPC TLWOI Balay Inc. IOM MTB UNDP Bantay Ceasefire JICA OCHA UNFPA BDA KFI Oxfam UNICEF CFSI ZFD Mindanao Migrants PCBL UnYPhil-Women HOM Centre PI WFP IBS MinHRAC WASH Cluster Lead (Government): DoH Cluster Co-Lead: UNICEF Cluster members and other humanitarian stakeholders: ACF MTB PRC UnYPAD ASDSW Oxfam SC
89 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
5. Conclusion
The lack of a comprehensive peace agreement in Mindanao continues to affect the lives of the people. Insecurity, frequent displacement and lack of adequate ER support will continue to increase the risks and vulnerabilities of the already impoverished people. The impact of flooding as a result of severe weather has been significant this year with displacements and destruction of livelihoods including basic infrastructure. These floods have occurred in returnee areas of central Mindanao out of the 2008 armed conflict, leading to repeated A village elder speaks of hope for recoveery after his community displacements within a year. Other forms experiences repeated diisplacements | David Swanson/IRIN of insecurities in Mindanao are the cyclical clan feuds, and the protracted war waged byy the CPP/NPA, both of which have affected civilians and have caused sporadic displacements. Theree is a need to monitor the protection of civilians, address food insecurity, step up health support to rurral communities, and increase the provision of clean water and sanitation facilities, nutrition support to vulnerable groups, and education neeeds.
It is imperative that emergency assistance to displaced people in Mindanao as result of renewed conflict or natural disaster be addressed. This includes the possibility of large-scale displacement should the peace process collapse and ceasefire break down. The humanitarian community together with the Government should be prepared to respond to such an emergency. It is fundamental that ER assistance go in tandem with emergency response to mitigate the impact. Withouutt this kind of support, the most vulnerable groups in the communiity risk falling into emergency category, in particular the children under five. There is also a need to support the local government capacitiies in addressing both the emergency response and coordination.
The HAP 2012 will target the needs of 698,215 people in Mindanao for both immediate and ER assistance based on assessed needs. Lack of funding support will place these communities in continuous need of humanitarian aid without allowing them to advance to sustaaiinable livelihood and recovery.
90 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
Annex I: List of projects
Philippines (Mindanao) Humanitarian Action Plan 2012 as of 15 November 2011 http://fts.unocha.org
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by participating organizations.
Project code Title Proposing Requirements Priority Location (click on hyperlinked agency ($) project code to open full project details)
CCCM
Information Management System for Provincial Profiling and Multiple PHI-12/CSS/44194/298 IOM 750,000 B - HIGH Monitoring of IDPs, Returnees, locations and Host Communities Provision of Emergency Shelter Assistance and Essential Non- A - Multiple PHI-12/S-NF/44259/298 Food Item Support to Conflict and IOM 1,300,000 IMMEDIATE locations Natural Disaster-affected Populations Improving Humanitarian Condition C - Multiple PHI-12/S-NF/44269/298 in IDP sites in Selected Provinces IOM 800,000 MEDIUM locations in Mindanao
Sub total for CCCM 2,850,000
COORDINATION
Strengthening humanitarian Multiple PHI-12/CSS/44195/119 coordination and advocacy in the OCHA 1,061,540 B - HIGH locations Philippines
Sub total for COORDINATION 1,061,540
EARLY RECOVERY
Provision of Livelihood Support to Multiple PHI-12/ER/44321/776 the Disaster Affected UNDP 2,150,000 B - HIGH locations Communities in Mindanao
Sub total for EARLY RECOVERY 2,150,000
EDUCATION
Ensuring continued access to quality education of disaster- Multiple PHI-12/E/44426/124 UNICEF 3,000,000 B - HIGH affected and most vulnerable locations children
Sub total for EDUCATION 3,000,000
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
Restoring Agricultural Livelihoods in Conflict and Flood Affected Multiple PHI-12/A/44301/123 Communities in Maguindanao, FAO 1,996,225 B - HIGH locations North Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat of central Mindanao Assistance to IDPs, Returnees and other Food-insecure Multiple PHI-12/F/44417/561 WFP 12,403,974 B - HIGH Households in Conflict-affected locations Areas of central Mindanao
Sub total for FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 14,400,199
91 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
Project code Title Proposing Requirements Priority Location (click on hyperlinked agency ($) project code to open full project details)
HEALTH
Provision of Basic Healthcare Services and Increased Health C - Multiple PHI-12/H/44318/14098 seeking Behavior among MTB 247,000 MEDIUM locations Internally Displaced People in the Returned Areas Ensuring access to reproductive Multiple PHI-12/H/44331/1171 health services in conflict affected UNFPA 318,397 B - HIGH locations areas in Mindanao. Integration of Mental Health (MH) Multiple PHI-12/H/44441/14911 Service into Primary Health Care HOM 153,406 B - HIGH locations in ARMM and Region 12 Support better access to health services response of returned communities in selected C - Multiple PHI-12/H/44479/14106 municipalities of Maguindanao, MYROi 200,000 MEDIUM locations Lanao Del Sur, North Cotabato and South Cotabato, Saranggani and Sultan Kudarat Ensuring Access to Essential Health Care for Conflict- and A - Multiple PHI-12/H/44564/122 WHO 1,320,400 Natural Hazard-affected IMMEDIATE locations Populations in Mindanao Ensuring Well-being of Out of School Youth & Children (OSYC) Multiple PHI-12/H/45012/14111 CEMILARDEF 162,625 B - HIGH in Returned & Resettled Sites for locations Conflict Affected Communities.
Sub total for HEALTH 2,401,828
NUTRITION
Ensuring the Nutrition Support for Children and Families in Selected Multiple PHI-12/H/44190/124 UNICEF 1,105,000 B - HIGH Municipalities Affected by locations Emergencies in Mindanao Prevention and Treatment of Multiple PHI-12/H/44320/5647 Acute Malnutrition in central ACF - Spain 157,953 B - HIGH locations Mindanao Project Code Ensuring the Nutrition Support for Children and Families from PHI-12/H/44442/6079 Municipalities that are Vulnerable SC 374,500 B - HIGH ARMM to the Chronic Effects of Armed Conflict and Disasters
Sub total for NUTRITION 1,637,453
PROTECTION, INCL. CHILD PROTECTION AND SGBV
Monitoring Vulnerable Groups in Multiple PHI-12/CSS/43994/14100 Conflict-Affected Areas in NPP 500,000 B - HIGH locations Mindanao Protection Monitoring, Data A - Multiple PHI-12/CSS/44431/120 UNHCR 3,105,403 Management and Response IMMEDIATE locations Mainstreaming disability and PHI-12/P-HR- Multiple inclusion of people with disabilities HI 300,000 B - HIGH RL/44324/5349 locations in Mindanao emergency response Prevention and Management of PHI-12/P-HR- Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in Multiple UNFPA 107,713 B - HIGH RL/44333/1171 Conflict Affected Areas in locations Mindanao Strengthening the relationship between communities and state- PHI-12/P-HR- Multiple managed humanitarian and UNHCR 1,352,332 B - HIGH RL/44421/120 locations protection services in a non- discriminatory manner.
92 Annex I: List of projects
Project code Title Proposing Requirements Priority Location (click on hyperlinked agency ($) project code to open full project details)
Protecting Children Affected by PHI-12/P-HR- Armed Conflict and Emergencies UNICEF 2,000,000 B - HIGH All regions RL/45954/124 in Mindanao
Sub total for PROTECTION, INCL. CHILD PROTECTION AND SGBV 7,365,448
WASH
WASH Assistance for disaster affected families in Maguindanao, A - Multiple PHI-12/WS/44145/5120 OXFAM GB 470,000 Sultan Kudarat and North IMMEDIATE locations Cotabato De-sludging Initiatives for IDPs’ Multiple PHI-12/WS/44237/14098 MTB 125,000 B - HIGH Sanitation in central Mindanao locations Improving capacity to quality Multiple PHI-12/WS/44285/6079 WASH and WASH-in-Emergency SC 525,000 B - HIGH locations supplies and services in schools Ensuring sufficient and resilient Multiple PHI-12/WS/44425/124 WASH Services for the return UNICEF 1,100,000 B - HIGH locations communities in Mindanao Ensuring WASH Services for A - Multiple PHI-12/WS/44429/124 Disaster Affected Areas in UNICEF 550,000 IMMEDIATE locations Mindanao Institutionalizing Water Quality Multiple PHI-12/WS/44436/14109 Monitoring in North Cotabato ASDSW 126,000 B - HIGH locations Province Ensure safe access for Water, sanitation and hygiene response Multiple PHI-12/WS/44482/14106 to returned communities in MYROi 150,000 B - HIGH locations Maguindanao, North Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat
Sub total for WASH 3,046,000
Grand Total 37,912,468
93 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
Annex II: Additional basic humanitarian and development indicators for the Philippines
Most Previous Trend recent data * data Economic status Population by region National 88,546,087 Source: NSO Quickstat as of Region IX 3,221,922 Aug 2011 (Zamboanga Peninsula) Region X 3,939,578 (Northern Mindanao) Region XI (Davao) 4,147,911 Region XII 3,822,130 (SOCCSKSARGEN) Region XIII (CARAGA) 2,288,854 ARMM 4,118,327 Consumer price index National 174.0 173.5 ↓ (2000=100) Region IX 178.2 Source: NSO, Apr-July 2011 (Zamboanga Peninsula) Consumer price index is a Region X (Northern 186.7 measure of change in the Mindanao) average retail price of goods Region XI (Davao) 183.5 and services commonly Region XII 176.5 purchased by a particular group (SOCCSKSARGEN) of people in a particular area. Region XIII (CARAGA) 187.0 ARMM 202.5 Purchasing power of the peso National 0.57 0.58 ↔ Source: NSO, Jul 2011 Region IX 0.56 0.56 ↔ (National), Jul 2011 (Provinces) (Zamboanga Peninsula) Purchasing power of the Peso Region X 0.54 0.55 ↔ shows how much the peso in (Northern Mindanao) the base period is worth in another period. It gives an Region XI (Davao) 0.54 0.55 ↔ indication of the real value of Region XII 0.57 0.58 ↔ the peso in a given period (SOCCSKSARGEN) relative to the peso value in the Region XIII (CARAGA) 0.53 0.54 ↔ base period. ARMM 0.49 0.50 ↔
(Previous data as of Apr 2011) Health Crude death rate per 1,000 National 5.1 5.45 ↔ population Region IX 6.0 6.0 ↔ Source: NSO (Zamboanga Peninsula) Quickstat Aug.2011 for 2010- Region X 6.0 6.0 ↔ 2015 (Northern Mindanao) Region XI (Davao) 6.0 6.0 ↔ (Previous data as of Apr 2011) Region XII 5.5 5.5 ↔ (SOCCSKSARGEN) Region XIII (CARAGA) 6.5 6.5 ↔ ARMM 7.9 7.9 ↔
94 Annex II: Additional basic humanitarian and development indicators for the Philippines
Life expectancy (male) National 68.81 66.11 ↑ Source: NSO Quickstat as of Region IX 66.6 Feb-Aug 2011 for 2010-2015 (Zamboanga Peninsula) Region X 66.9 (Northern Mindanao) Region XI (Davao) 67.1 Region XII 67.4 (SOCCSKSARGEN) Region XIII (CARAGA) 65.9 ARMM 61.9 Life expectancy (female) National 74.34 71.64 ↑ Source: NSO Quickstat as of Region IX 71.7 Feb-Aug 2011 for 2010-2015 (Zamboanga Peninsula) Region X 72.1 (Northern Mindanao) Region XI (Davao) 71.9 Region XII 72.3 (SOCCSKSARGEN) Region XIII (CARAGA) 71.3 ARMM 62.9 Infant mortality rate National 24.9 24 ↔ (per 1000 live births) Region IX 14 38 ↑ Source: Millennium (Zamboanga Peninsula) Development Goals (MDG) 4th Region X 19 22 ↑ Progress Report, 2010, 2008 (Northern Mindanao) figures Region XI (Davao) 34 28 ↓ UNDP – MDG Rate of Progress, Region XII 23 21 ↓ 2006 (SOCCSKSARGEN) Region XIII (CARAGA) 21 28 ↑ ARMM 56 31 ↓ Maternal mortality rate National Source: NSO 2006 Region IX 58 (Zamboanga Peninsula) Region X 88 (Northern Mindanao) Region XI (Davao) 82 Region XII 49 (SOCCSKSARGEN) Region XIII (CARAGA) 45 ARMM 12 Contraceptive prevalence rate National 50.6 49.3 ↑ (percentage) Region IX 43.8 48.3 ↓ Source: NSO National Family (Zamboanga Peninsula) Planning Survey Region X 53.3 55.4 ↓ 2005-2008 (Northern Mindanao) Region XI (Davao) 60.2 57.2 ↑ Region XII 54.1 50.3 ↑ (SOCCSKSARGEN) Region XIII (CARAGA) 51.8 52.9 ↓ ARMM 15.1 20 ↓
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Number of Government National 2.7 health workforce per 10,000 Region IX 3 population (Zamboanga Peninsula) (MD+nurse+midwife) Region X 3.4 Source: DoH Field Health (Northern Mindanao) Information System 2008 Region XI (Davao) 2.3 Region XII 3 (SOCCSKSARGEN) Region XIII (CARAGA) 2.1 ARMM 3.3 Measles vaccination rate (9- National 79 11 months) (percentage) Region IX 86.0 Source: DoH Field Health (Zamboanga Peninsula) Service Information System Region X 82.0 2008 (Northern Mindanao) Region XI (Davao) 77 Region XII 81 (SSOCKSARGEN) Region XIII (CARAGA) 81 ARMM 79 Food Security and Nutrition % returnee HH according to Poor Food Consumption 9 15 ↓ food consumption score (<28, Borderline Food 34 30 ↑ 28-42, 42+) in central Consumption Mindanao Acceptable Food 57 55 ↔ Source: The Challenges of Consumption Displacement and Recovery in central Mindanao, Nov-Dec 2010 (World Bank and WFP) Prevalence of underweight National 26.2 24.6 ↓ children 0-5 years old Region IX 33.3 33.9 ↔ Source: Food and Nutrition (Zamboanga Peninsula) Research Institute, 2008 Region X 26 25.4 ↓ National Nutrition Survey (Northern Mindanao) Region XI (Davao) 26.3 23.1 ↓ Region XII 30.5 27.8 ↓ (SOCCSKSARGEN) Region XIII (CARAGA) 28.8 24.3 ↓ ARMM 28.8 38 ↑ WASH Proportion of population National 82 80.6 ↑ access to safe drinking water Region IX 86 (percentage of the total (Zamboanga Peninsula) population) Region X 98 Sources: Field Health Service (Northern Mindanao) Information System 2008, DoH; Region XI (Davao) 91 National Economic and Region XII 87 Development Authority (NEDA), th (SOCCSKSARGEN) MDG 4 Progress Report, 2010 Region XIII (CARAGA) 81.2 (national figure, 2006) ARMM 62
96 Annex II: Additional basic humanitarian and development indicators for the Philippines
Proportion of population with National 77 84.2 ↓ sanitary toilet facilities Region IX 85 (percentage of the total (Zamboanga Peninsula) population) Region X 85 Sources: Field Health Service (Northern Mindanao) Information System 2008, DoH; Region XI (Davao) 78 th NEDA, MDG 4 Progress Region XII 74 Report, 2010 (national figure, (SOCCSKSARGEN) 2006) Region XIII (CARAGA) 33 ARMM 81 Other vulnerability indices ECHO Vulnerability and Crisis National 2 Vulnerability Index Index score score 3 Crisis Index score (Global Needs Assessment 2010-2011) 2009 UNDP Human National 0.638: 99th of 162: Development Index score and Medium Human rank Development Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2010 IASC Early Warning - Early National Priority 3 Priority 2 ↑ Action rating Jul.–Oct. 2011; Priority 2 (Jul 2010) Priority 3 (Jul 2011) * ↑ situation improved; ↓ situation worsened; ↔ situation remains more or less same.
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Annex III: Needs assessment reference list
Existing and planned assessments, and identification of gaps in assessment information EVIDENCE BASE FOR THE 2012 HAP: EXISTING NEEDS ASSESSMENTS Geographic areas and population groups Cluster/sector Lead agency and partners Date Title or Subject targeted CCCM Cotabato City; central Mindanao, and IDPs, IOM Jun. to Displacement Tracking Matrix and returnees, resettled communities, host Sep. 2011 Site Window communities Education All regions in Mindanao DoH (secondary data) 2010-2011 DoH Regular Reports Education, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur and Sulu SC, MERN-RANAW May 2011 Emergency Education WASH Assessment Report Food Security central Mindanao WFP, WB Nov. 2010 World Bank-WFP Joint – Jan. 2011 Comprehensive Assessment Food Security Maguindanao (four municipalities) OXFAM 2011 Emergency Food Security and and Livelihood Livelihoods Study Nutrition North Cotabato (two municipalities); Lanao del ACF Oct. – Dec. Nutrition Survey Sur (one municipality) 2010 Nutrition Maguindanao (eight municipalities); North UNICEF, SC, WFP, CFSI Dec. 2010 Programme Monitoring Data of Cotabato (three municipalities) – Jul. 2011 CMAM and Screening And Admission Data WASH North Cotabato (four municipalities); Sultan OXFAM, Humanitarian Response Jun. 2011 Rapid Assessment Report Kudarat (two municipalities); Cotabato City (nine Consortium evacuation centres) All sectors Maguindanao ARMM Government and MHT Jun. 2011 Damage Assessment and Needs members Analysis, ARMM Floods CURRENT GAPS IN INFORMATION Cluster/sector Geographic areas and population groups targeted Title/Subject ER Agusan del Sur; Surigao del Sur Needs assessment of the affected areas (e.g. access to livelihood opportunities and resources; existing government structures with ER plan) Education Armed conflict and natural disaster-affected regions in Needs assessment of OSCY; learning institution prone to attacks Mindanao Health central Mindanao Validation of existing BHS and its corresponding needs Protection Region IX Protection related reports WASH central Mindanao Comprehensive WASH needs assessments
98 Annex III: Needs assessment reference list
PLANNED NEEDS ASSESSMENTS Geographic areas and Funding needed Cluster/sector population groups Lead agency and partners Planned date Title/Subject (amount) and its targeted source CCCM Basilan, Sulu and Tawi- IOM and local NGOs Oct. 2011 Displacement tracking matrix Tawi ER UNDP,OCD, LGU 2012 Joint needs assessment which includes capacity needs assessment Food Security and central Mindanao WFP End of 2011 Market/household assessment Agriculture Food Security central Mindanao WFP Early 2012 Food security assessment Health (RH) and ARMM and central UNFPA DoH-ARMM and Nov. 2011 - SRH assessment $50,000 to be Protection (SGBV) Mindanao DSWD-ARMM Jan. 2012 funded by AusAID Nutrition UNICEF, ACF, Nutrition Oct-Nov. 2011 Follow-up nutrition survey Cluster Protection All regions in Mindanao UNHCR, CHR, partner 2012 Protection monitoring report NGOs
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Annex IV: Maps
100 Annex IV: Maps
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102 Annex IV: Maps
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104 Annex IV: Maps
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106 Annex IV: Maps
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Annex V: Programmes that cover needs relevant to and outside the scope of the HAP
Relevant Clusters Location, Timeframe, Project Title and Description Agency in HAP 2012 Requirement ($) Government-led ER Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016 Nation-wide National Economic The Plan focuses on good governance and anti-corruption, with the aim to increase 2011-2016 and Development employment and reduce poverty. Authority (NEDA), GPH ER Payapa at Masaganang Pamayanan (PAMANA, Peaceful and Resilient Communities) Conflict-affected areas nation-wide Office of the President, 4,000 core shelter projects Maguindanao: $4 million for five GPH municipalities ER Mindanao Strategic Development Framework 2010-2020 Mindanao NEDA The Framework aims to accelerate growth and reduce poverty. 2010-2020 ARMM Government ER ARMM ER Plan ARMM ARMM Government The overall focus of the Plan is to restore the capacities of national and local institutions $10.2 million (Jul. – Dec. 2010) and communities to recover from crisis, build back better and to prevent relapse to crisis. ER, Health, ARMM Transition and Investment Support Plan ARMM Office of the President, Education The Plan focuses on solving poverty, high rate of unemployment, poor health Plan is being finalized (Oct. 2011) GPH conditions, poor basic education and poor governance in ARMM. $198 million Health, Nutrition, Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) ARMM GPH Education Conditional Cash Transfers, grants to improve health, nutrition and education 2011-2015 World Bank $5.8 million (2011) and $6.9 million (2012) All sectors Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan (Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social GPH Services Community sub-project grants International financial institutions
Agriculture and Mindanao Rural Development Program Adaptable Program Loan 1 2000-2012 programme divided in Department of Livelihoods The Programme is designed as poverty reduction programme for farmers and fisher four phases Agriculture, GPH folks, and to support the establishment of marine protected areas. It supports the $506.2 million World Bank Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act by increasing public investment for agriculture sectors in Mindanao. ER Disaster Risk Management Development Loan with Catastrophe Deferred To be implemented nationwide from Department of Drawdown Option Programme 13 Sep 2011 to 31 Oct 2014 Finance, GPH
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Relevant Clusters Location, Timeframe, Project Title and Description Agency in HAP 2012 Requirement ($) Strengthen the institutional capacity for DRRM efforts; mainstream DRR measures in Loan $500 million World Bank development planning ER, Food Security Mindanao Rural Development Project Phase 2 22 municipalities in 26 provinces of Department of The Project aims to enhance livelihood opportunities of targeted communities. Mindanao and 43 municipalities of Agriculture, GPH six provinces in ARMM World Bank Mar 2007- Dec 2012 $83.8 million Education National Programme Support for Basic Education Nationwide World Bank The Programme aims to strengthen school-based management, improve teaching June 2006- December 2011 effectiveness and develop national standards $200 million Health Second Women’s Health and Safe Motherhood Project (WHSMP) Coverage includes Surigao del Sur World Bank Focus on RH services and integration of women’s health Province, CARAGA Region Apr 2005- Jun 2012 $16 million, which also covers Sorsogon Province, Bicol Region All sectors Mindanao Trust Fund - Reconstruction and Development Ongoing. Multi-donors The programme assisted 28 conflict-affected communities in ARMM to organize and build capacity of People’s Organizations. It also contributed to community investment planning and provision of small grants for community development priorities. Thirty-four sub-projects helped build community centres, water system, solar dryer, warehouse and access roads with total grant allocation of $448,000. Mindanao Trust Fund is a mechanism through which development partners pool and coordinate official development assistance to conflict-affected communities in Mindanao. All sectors ARMM Social Fund 2002-2009: $33.6 million World Bank, JICA Community Development Assistance Component Programme (Social Infrastructure 2010-2013: $30 million to cover project). This includes subprojects on Strategic Regional Infrastructure, supported by additional 596 barangays in ARMM JICA. $161,000 (2011) and $242,000 (2012) Development Partners ER ER and Rehabilitation for central Mindanao central Mindanao UNDP funded by EU The project aims to support the efforts of national and local government in facilitating Jan. 2011 – Jan. 2013 the return or resettlement and ER of populations displaced by the armed conflicts from $5.5 million Aug 2008 onwards. ER Disaster and Climate Risk Management 2006-2013 United States The Project supports the Government, NGOs and communities in DRR and climate $19.8 million Provident Loan change adaptation. Health Health Promotion and Communication Project 2007-2012 USAID All sectors UN Development Assistance Framework 2012-2018 Nation-wide UN agencies UNDAF supports the realization of the Millennium Development Goals, and has a focus
110 Annex V: Programmes that cover needs relevant to and outside the scope of the HAP
Relevant Clusters Location, Timeframe, Project Title and Description Agency in HAP 2012 Requirement ($) on poverty reduction, good governance, environmental stability and DRR 2012-2018 $368 million All sectors Mindanao Peace and Development Programme Focus on conflict-affected areas in USAID, United States The Programme supports infrastructure development, governance and social services ARMM Provident Loan improvement, and expansion of economic opportunities in conflict-affected areas. 2008-2012 1. Growth with Equity in Mindanao Barangay Infrastructure Projects $190 million 2. Micro-enterprise access to banking 3. Barangay Justice System 4. Transparency and Accountable Governance Project 5. Credit Union Empowerment and Strengthening Programme ER (Education, Japan-Bangsamoro Initiatives for Reconstruction and Development (J-BIRD) Conflict-affected area in Mindanao JICA WASH) The project aims to enable the people and the communities in the conflict-affected Ongoing since Dec. 2006 areas to rebuild their livelihood. The project supports the construction or rehabilitation As of Oct. 2011, J-BIRD has of schools, training centres, water supply systems and health centres, and provision of disbursed $136 million. post-harvest facilities and equipment.
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Annex VI: Donor response to the 2011 HAP
Table IV. Requirements and funding per cluster
Mindanao Humanitarian Action Plan 2011 as of 15 November 2011 http://fts.unocha.org
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and participating organizations.
Cluster Original Revised Carry- Funding Total Unmet % Uncommitted requirements requirements over resources requirements Covered pledges available ($) ($) ($) ($) ($) ($) ($) A B C D E=C+D B-E E/B F
CCCM 4,435,700 4,015,662 - 1,499,984 1,499,984 2,515,678 37% -
COORDINATION 246,888 324,759 - 269,494 269,494 55,265 83% -
EARLY RECOVERY 1,075,950 1,075,950 - - - 1,075,950 0% -
EDUCATION 2,828,150 2,828,150 - 1,735,915 1,735,915 1,092,235 61% -
FOOD AND 11,941,675 11,941,675 - 10,072,374 10,072,374 1,869,301 84% - AGRICULTURE
HEALTH 2,554,415 2,526,948 - 707,546 707,546 1,819,402 28% -
LOGISTICS - 350,000 - 200,069 200,069 149,931 57% -
NUTRITION 2,014,000 2,014,000 - 656,548 656,548 1,357,452 33% -
PROTECTION, INCL. CHILD 5,537,704 5,537,704 - 1,788,514 1,788,514 3,749,190 32% - PROTECTION AND SGBV
WASH 3,893,044 2,643,322 - 1,019,762 1,019,762 1,623,560 39% -
Grand Total 34,527,526 33,258,170 - 17,950,206 17,950,206 15,307,964 54% -
NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments
Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.) Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed. Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 15 November 2011. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (fts.unocha.org).
112 Annex VI: Donor response to the 2011 HAP
Table V. Requirements and funding per organization
Mindanao Humanitarian Action Plan 2011 as of 15 November 2011 http://fts.unocha.org
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and participating organizations.
Participating Original Revised Carry- Funding Total Unmet % Uncommitted organization requirement requirement over resources requirements Covered pledges available ($) ($) ($) ($) ($) ($) ($) A B C D E=C+D B-E E/B F FAO 2,141,675 2,141,675 - 1,651,134 1,651,134 490,541 77% - IOM 4,285,890 3,209,143 - 1,686,967 1,686,967 1,522,176 53% - MinHRAC 291,557 291,557 - - - 291,557 0% - MTB 307,912 - - - - - 0% - MYROi 261,055 - - - - - 0% - OCHA 246,888 324,759 - 269,494 269,494 55,265 83% - SC 1,452,700 800,000 - - - 800,000 0% - UNDP 1,075,950 1,075,950 - - - 1,075,950 0% - UNFPA 808,410 840,630 - 593,649 593,649 246,981 71% - UNHCR 3,994,147 3,994,147 - 1,000,002 1,000,002 2,994,145 25% - UNICEF 9,042,150 9,042,150 - 3,753,705 3,753,705 5,288,445 42% - WFP 9,800,000 10,150,000 - 8,621,309 8,621,309 1,528,691 85% - WHO 819,192 1,388,159 - 373,946 373,946 1,014,213 27% - Grand Total 34,527,526 33,258,170 - 17,950,206 17,950,206 15,307,964 54% -
NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments
Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.) Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed. Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 15 November 2011. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (fts.unocha.org).
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Table VI. Total funding per donor (to projects listed in the HAP)
Mindanao Humanitarian Action Plan 2011 as of 15 November 2011 http://fts.unocha.org
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and participating organizations. Donor Funding % of Uncommitted Grand pledges Total ($) ($) Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) 8,368,252 47% - Philippines 3,547,705 20% - Spain 2,359,541 13% - New Zealand 1,351,413 8% - Canada 1,001,001 6% - Japan 700,000 4% - Australia 346,800 2% - Sweden 245,184 1% - European Commission 24,310 0% - Saudi Arabia 6,000 0% - Grand Total 17,950,206 100% -
NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments
Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.) Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed. Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 15 November 2011. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (fts.unocha.org).
114 Annex VI: Donor response to the 2011 HAP
Table VII. Non-HAP funding per sector
Other humanitarian funding to Philippines 2011 as of 15 November 2011 http://fts.unocha.org
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and participating organizations. Sector Funding % of Uncommitted Grand pledges Total ($) ($) COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES 1,029,283 80% - SECTOR NOT YET SPECIFIED 249,943 20% - Grand Total 1,279,226 100% -
NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments
Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.) Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed. Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 15 November 2011. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (fts.unocha.org).
115 PHILIPPINES (MINDANAO) HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2012
Table VIII. Total humanitarian funding per donor (HAP plus other)
Philippines 2011 as of 15 November 2011 http://fts.unocha.org
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and participating organizations. Donor Funding % of Uncommitted Grand pledges Total ($) ($) Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) 8,368,252 44% - Philippines 3,547,705 18% - Spain 2,359,541 12% - New Zealand 1,351,413 7% - United States 1,149,943 6% - Canada 1,001,001 5% - Japan 700,000 4% - Sweden 374,467 2% - Australia 346,800 2% - European Commission 24,310 0% - Saudi Arabia 6,000 0% - Grand Total 19,229,432 100% -
NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments
Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.) Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed. Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 15 November 2011. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (fts.unocha.org).
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Annex VII: Acronyms and abbreviations
3Ws Who/What/Where 4Ps Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
ADB Asian Development Bank ACF Action Contre la Faim (Action Against Hunger) ADLM alternative delivery learning method AFP Armed Forces of the Philippines ALG Alternative Law Group ARMM Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao ASDSW A Single Drop for Safe Water ASG Abu Sayyaf Group AusAid Australian Agency for International Development
BCPC Barangay Council for the Protection of Children BDA Bangsamoro Development Agency BEIS Basic Education Information System BEmONC basic emergency obstetric and neonatal care BHS barangay health station BIAF Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces BIFM Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Movement BIRTH-Dev Balay Integrated Rehabilitation Centre for Total Human Development BLGU barangay local government unit BMW Bangsamoro Women BMWFI Bangsamoro Women Foundation for Peace and Development, Inc.
CAA conflict-affected areas CAAFAG children associated with armed forces and armed groups CAFGU Citizen Armed Forces Geographical Unit CBCPN community-based child protection network CBCS Consortium of Bangsamoro Civil Society CBOs community-based organizations CCCM camp coordination and camp management CEMILARDEF central Mindanao Integrated Livelihood Assistance for Rural Development Foundation CERF Central Emergency Response Fund CFS child-friendly space CHAP common humanitarian action plan CHED Commission on Higher Education CHR Commission on Human Rights CHW community health worker CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CMAM community-based management of acute malnutrition CMYC central Mindanao Youth Centre CPP/NPA Communist Party of the Philippines/New People’s Army CPWG Child Protection Working Group CSOFP Civil Society Organization Forum for Peace CSAC children in situation of armed conflict CTFMR Country Task Force on Monitoring and Reporting CVO civilian volunteer organization
DA Department of Agriculture DAF Department of Agriculture and Fisheries DANA Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis DCC day care centre DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DepEd Department of Education Devcon Development and Construction DILG Department of the Interior and Local Government DoH Department of Health DOLE Department of Labour and Employment DOST Department of Science and Technology DRR disaster risk reduction DRRM disaster risk reduction and management DRRMC Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development
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DTI Department of Trade and Industry
EC evacuation centre ECE early childhood education ECCD early childhood care and development ECCDiE early childhood care and development in emergency ECHO European Commission Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection ECOWEB Eco-system Work for Essentials Benefits EDC Education Development Centre EiE education in emergency EFSL Emergency Food Security and Livelihood Study EQuALLS Education Quality and Access for Learning and Livelihood Skills ER early recovery
FCS food consumption score FFT food-for-training FFW Food-for-work FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FSD Swiss Foundation for Mine Action FTR family tracking and reunification FTS Financial Tracking Service
GAM global acute malnutrition GBV gender-based violence GCRV grave child rights violation
HAP Humanitarian Action Plan HC Humanitarian Coordinator HCT Humanitarian Country Team HIS health information session HOM Health Organization for Mindanao HRC Humanitarian Response Consortium HRD Human Resources Development HTLMI Higa-onon Ha Mogsauwa Ta Lanao Inc. (Higa-onon United in Lanao, Incorporated)
IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee IBS Institute of Bangsamoro Studies ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IDP internally displaced people IED improvised explosive device ILO International Labour Organization IM information management IMT International Monitoring Team INGO international non-governmental organization IOM International Organization for Migration IPHO Integrated Provincial Health Office IRIN Integrated Regional Information Network IYCF infant and young child feeding
J-BIRD Japan-Bangsamoro Initiative for Reconstruction and Development JICA Japanese International Cooperation Agency
KAWAGIB (not an acronym – name of organization) KFI Kadtuntaya Foundation Incorporated KFDAI Kadtabanga Foundation for Peace and Development Advocates, Inc. KI Kapamagogopa, Inc
LAFCCOD Lanao Aquatic and Marine Fisheries Centre for Community Development, Inc. LAHRA Lanao Alliance of Human Rights Advocates LGU local government unit LCPC Local Council for the Protection of Children LCR Local Civil Registry LSB local school board
MAM moderate acute malnutrition MARADECA Maranao People Development Centre Inc. MAPAD Mindanao Assistance for Peace and Development MDG Millennium Development Goals MERN Mindanao Emergency Response Network MILF Moro Islamic Liberation Front
118 Annex VII: Acronyms and abbreviations
MILF-BIAF Moro Islamic Liberation Front - Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces MHPSS mental health and psycho-social support MHT Mindanao Humanitarian Team MinDA Mindanao Development Authority MinHRAC Mindanao Human Rights Action Centre MMCEAI Mindanao Migrants Center for Empowering Action, Inc. MOA memorandum of agreement MPC Mindanao People’s Caucus MRE mine risk education MRM Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism MTB Mindanao Tulong Bakwet MT metric ton MTB Mindanao Tulong Bakwet MUAC mid-upper-arm circumference MYR mid-year review MYROi Muslim Youth Religious Organization, Inc.
NDRRMC National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council NEDA National Economic Development Authority NFI non-food item NGO non-governmental organization NPA New People’s Army NPP Nonviolent Peaceforce Philippines NSCB National Statistical Coordination Board NSO National Statistics Office
OCD Office of Civil Defence OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OPAPP Office of the Presidential Advisor on the Peace Process OSCY out-of-school children and youth
PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration PAMANA Payapa at Masaganang Pamayanan (Resilient Communities for Peace and Development) PTA parent-teacher association PC Programme Coordinator PCAT Provincial Council on Anti-Trafficking PCBL Philippine Campaign to Ban Landmines PHP Philippine peso PI Plan International PINGON Philippines international non-governmental organizations network PLW pregnant and lactating women PNP Philippine National Police PRC Philippine Red Cross PTCA Parent-Teacher Community Association
QIP quick-impact projects QRT Quick Response Team
RDRRAC Ranaw Disaster Response and Rehabilitation Assistance Centre, Inc. RH reproductive health RHU rural health unit RPDO Regional Planning and Development Office RWCRC Ranao Women and Children Resource Centre, Inc.
SAM severe acute malnutrition SC Save the Children SEEDTECH Socio-Economic Engineering and Environmental Development Technology Foundation SGBV sexual and gender-based violence SILDAP-SEM Silingang Dapit sa Sidlakang Mindanao – Southeastern Mindanao SOP standard operating procedures STREAMS Streams of Knowledge (a coalition of NGOs on water and sanitation)
TESDA Technical Education and Skills Development Authority TLS temporary learning space TLWOI Teduray Lambangian Women’s Organization Inc ToT training of trainers TMS-ORG Technical Management Services-Office of the ARMM Regional Governor TWG Technical Working Group
UN United Nations
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UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UXO unexploded ordnance UnYPAD United Youth for Peace and Development UnYPhil-Women United Youth of the Philippines-Women USAID United States Agency for International Development
WASH water, sanitation and hygiene WB World Bank WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization WHSMP Women’s Health and Safe Motherhood Project
YAPDN Young Advocates for Peace and Development network
ZamBASULTA Zamboanga, Basilan, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi
120
OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (OCHA)
United Nations Palais des Nations New York, N.Y. 10017 1211 Geneva 10 USA Switzerland