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ICAR-IIWM News Water Management Vol Yeeke=ÀDevegHe - Yee.pe.Òe.meb. mecee®eej ICAR - Indian Institute of ICAR-IIWM News Water Management Vol. 18, No. 2 July-December, 2017 Director’s Column cereals would help in fetching better market price of farm produce with enhanced net Water : A Key to Doubling Farmers Income income. The most important part is the crop planning, which needs to be done keeping from irrigated agro-ecosystems. Then only water resources of a region and the water farmer's net income will be doubled from intake by various crops in mind. For example their farm activities. high water consuming crops like paddy and Better water resource development through sugarcane should be grown in high rainfall harvesting of rainwater in reservoirs, farm areas. There is a need for integrated water ponds, even in soil prole would help in use policy. We should develop a system of increasing the crop area under irrigation. judicious and integrated use of water Further development of irrigation infrastructure throughout the country. and rejuvenation of existing facilities should This premier institute has developed several be taken up as a step towards our aim to viable technologies on water management double farmer's income by 2022. Providing on putting continuous efforts for a period of irrigation to crops during dry spells would be a about three-decades. The notable of them mitigation option to total crop failure as well are: determining water requirement and n India, irrigated area is about 65.7 as increasing productivity through conjunctive irrigation scheduling for different crops in million ha, which is 47% of net use from different sources of irrigation viz. selected agro-ecological sub-regions, tank- cultivated area of about 141 million ha, canal, tanks, wells, farm ponds etc. Existing cum-well system in irrigated commands, I water saving technologies viz. micro-irrigation and only about 26 million ha is under raised and sunken bed system in medium and irrigated double cropping. Hon'ble Prime may be popularized among farmers. low lands for crop diversication, pond-based Minister of the country has urged upon The integrated approach of water management integrated farming systems, rainwater doubling farmers' income by 2022. Therefore, along with other agricultural development or conservation techniques and multiple use of it is essential that farm productivity is practices should be ne-tuned and adopted. conserved water, sub-surface water increased in irrigated as well as in rainfed Yield improvement may be achieved through harvesting, integration of system of rice conditions. The primary objective should be genetic or biotechnological advancements intensication with sh culture, lessening to enhance the area irrigated more than like better crop varieties with improved water use in high value aquaculture, once. As water supply is a major factor to nutritional status, stress tolerance and agronomic practices for irrigation water achieve this target, water is certainly a resistant to inset-pests and diseases. All saving and enhancing water use efciency, driving force to double the farmer's income. recommended agronomic practices should conjunctive use of water through bore-wells, In general, crop productivity in rainfed areas be in tune with agro-ecological sub-regions, dug-wells and ponds on farmers' participatory is about half of those in irrigated elds. soil test based fertilizer and fertigation approach, conjunctive use of fresh water Moreover, productivity in rainfed areas is recommendations in the form of integrated and poor quality water, development of unpredictable due to uncertainty of rainfall farming systems approach. For farmers surface drainage system for low lying areas and other extreme climatic events viz. having small and fragmented holdings, and development of package of practices for drought, terminal heat stress etc. A better water conservation and distribution at bio-drainage; development of rubber check water management for every farm enterprises community basis or integrated watershed dams for watersheds, micro-irrigation with assured source of irrigation sets the management approach can help in better technology for different crops and enhancing foundation towards sustainable production water management. Diversication of crops crop produce quality for different agro- systems at the farmer's level. At the same along with adopting micro-irrigation ecological sub-regions etc. There is a need to time, there must be a jump in the production systems from cereal-based farming to disseminate those technologies to double per unit amount of any input or investment pulses, oilseeds, millets and/ or other coarse the farmer's income in the country. Concept : Dr. S.K. Ambast Compiled, Edited and Layout Design : Dr. A.K. Thakur, Dr. K.G. Mandal, Dr. P. Panigrahi, Dr. O.P. Verma & Dr. Rachana Dubey Visit us at : www.iiwm.res.in Research Achievements Scope of Using Agro-based Paper Mill Wastewater in Irrigation Paper industry is the largest industry in NO3, organic carbon, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn, with PME in all the four soil types. These India and a water intensive industry, with no detection of Cd, Cr and Pb. To were substantially decreased particularly consumes as high as 60 m3 and releases determine its impact on soil properties and EC by 15.38 to 166% after washing with 150-175 m3 wastewater per metric tonne water quality on four types of soil (red & water. Water scarcity is a problem and of paper produced. In a study on chemical lateritic, red & yellow, alluvial coarse and might be going to hit agricultural analysis of wastewater, the treated paper ne texture) revealed that the leachate as production under vulnerable eco-system. mill efuent (PME) of COS Board, well as soils get enriched with various ions Apart from supplying different amounts of Jagatpur, Cuttack was found neutral in during the progress of leaching with PME plant nutrients, the treated PME has been reaction (pH7.0), low saline (EC,1.32 (Figure). A net increase of organic carbon, found as a supplementary source of dS/m), rich in Ca (154.71 mg/l), Mg (53.28 Ca, Mg and P was observed, i.e., 0.34 to irrigation for acidic to neutral, non-saline mg/l), Cl (779.9 mg/l), HCO3 (91.5 mg/l), SO4 1.53, 0.4 to 1.17, 0.18 to 0.73 and 7.06 soils, mostly dominated in humid to sub- (88.5 mg/l), and moderate to low amount of to 26.85 times, respectively after leaching humid regions. Characteristics of leachate collected with time during leaching with paper mill efuent through different soil types Madhumita Das, O.P. Verma, R. Sethi and A.K. Nayak Delineation of Waterlogged Area for Fitting-in Suitable Cropping System In India, 11.6 Mha area remains row 54) for both pre-monsoon (April-May) cropping system were developed with their unproductive due to water logging problem. and post-monsoon period (November) package of practices. The supervised However, there are several technological procured from ISRO, Govt. of India. The classication of images were done for tting options for converting this vast area into ground truthing data from visit of the area in different crops like water chestnut in productive agriculture depending on nature and topo-sheet maps procured from Survey Odisha and Typha in West Bengal (in of water logging. With this aim, waterlogged of India, Govt. of India, Dehradun were also gures). The possible district-wise capture areas in eastern India was rstly delineated utilized for the study. Thematic maps were shery practices, integrated sh + water and suitable crops / options for those areas prepared for pre-monsoon and post- chestnut production system, lotus and were suggested. monsoon period for different districts. makhana cultivation were identied in these Excluding the area under perennial rivers delineated waterlogged areas. Scope for Increase in waterlogged area in post- and streams, the increase in spread of integrated rice-sh farming, cultivation of monsoon period was assessed for in total landlocked waterlogged areas were overaged rice seedlings after damage of rst twelve districts of Bihar, West Bengal and estimated. Depending upon the nature of sowing, Kharuhan (double-transplanting) Jharkhand taking help of georeferenced waterlogging, suitable aquaculture and cultivation and using submergence tolerant satellite P6- LISS-III imagery (path 106 and 2 ICAR-IIWM News July-December, 2017 paddy cultivar 'Swarna sub-1', intervention found suitable for Typha cultivation in east aquaculture intervention. Water chestnut with bio-drainage vegetation in low lying Medinipur and adjoining Howrah district in cultivation in a delineated waterlogged area areas were identied. For tting in suitable West Bengal. Similarly, in Odisha, in in Balasore district gave net prot of crops in identied tidal waterlogged areas waterlogged areas of Balasore district out of `117,000/- per ha through integrated water along bank of Rup Narayan river from study 92452.61 ha study area, 607.87 ha was chestnut and aquaculture with net water area of 2,86,100 ha, 928 ha area was found suitable for integrated water chestnut- productivity of ` 7.31/m3 of water. Water chestnut and Typha cultivation areas S. Roy Chowdhury, A.K. Nayak, R.K. Mohanty, P.S. Brahmanand and S.K. Ambast Density-dependent Water Use in High-value Aquaculture Aquaculture is a highly protable farm necessity. Further, more often than not, from ICAR-Indian Institute of Water enterprise and livelihood option for a large farmers carry out unplanned water exchange Management, Bhubaneswar, quantied the number of farmers in India. Under changing during culture period that becomes optimum total water requirement and climate scenario, water budgeting and counterproductive and uneconomical, thus consumptive water use through hydrological density-dependent water use are two major there has been the need to determine ideal water balance study. They assessed the water requirements in improving aquaculture amount of water required for successful productivity, production performance and performance.
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