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Wetland Fen Assessment & Floristic Inventory

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Wetland Fen Assessment & Floristic Inventory Wetland Fen Assessment & Floristic Inventory February North Star Nature Preserve Open Space 2018 Pitkin County, Colorado Prepared by: Peak Ecological Services, LLC 301 Boulder Canyon Drive, PO Box 827 Nederland, Colorado 80466 Pitkin County Open Space and Trails North Star Nature Preserve Open Space Wetland Fen Assessment & Floristic Inventory North Star Nature Preserve Open Space Pitkin County, Colorado Summary The results of the fen assessment reveal that the preliminary fen boundary as previously mapped by Golder (2015) appears to be accurate. No additional fens are present within the North Star Nature Preserve; however, the southern portion of the James Smith Open Space west of the river does support several organic rich soils, one of which is a Histic Epipedon (organic layer 8 inches thick). At the time of assessment in late September groundwater levels at three sites in the north central area of the fen were 24 to 28 inches below the soil surface, however the capillary fringe was observed near the soil surface. Other areas of the fen had ponded water throughout the growing season. The extent to which the drainage ditch, which bisects the fen, is affecting long term functioning of the fen is unknown. The floristic survey of the Preserve resulted in a total of 180 species being documented, 18 percent of which are non-native and nine species are Colorado Listed Noxious Weeds. No rare plants tracked by the Colorado Natural Heritage Program were found; however, there is one uncommon plant, the slender spire orchid (Piperia unalascensis). Finally, a Floristic Quality Assessment was conducted of the Preserve which indicated that the flora is moderately impacted by anthropogenic activities. prepared for: Pitkin County Open Space and Trails 806 West Hallam St (Forest Service Building) Aspen, CO 81611 prepared by. Peak Ecological Services, LLC 301 Boulder Canyon Drive, PO Box 827 Nederland, CO 80466 February 2018 – Wetland Fen Assessment & Floristic Inventory i Pitkin County Open Space and Trails North Star Nature Preserve Open Space Table of Contents Section / Title Page 1.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Definition of Fen................................................................................................................................. 1 3.0 Fen Assessment – Soils....................................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Methods ......................................................................................................................................... 2 3.2 Results ............................................................................................................................................ 2 3.3 Discussion ....................................................................................................................................... 4 4.0 Floristic Inventory .............................................................................................................................. 4 4.1 Survey Methods ............................................................................................................................. 4 4.2 Results ............................................................................................................................................ 4 4.2.1 Floristics ................................................................................................................................... 4 4.2.2 Floristic Quality Assessment. ................................................................................................... 5 4.2.3 Noxious Weeds ........................................................................................................................ 6 5.0 Conclusion and Recommendations .................................................................................................... 7 6.0 Figures ................................................................................................................................................ 8 7.0 References........................................................................................................................................ 11 Appendix A. Vascular Plant Species List North Star Nature Preserve .............................................. A1-A8 February 2018 – Wetland Fen Assessment & Floristic Inventory ii Pitkin County Open Space and Trails North Star Nature Preserve Open Space List of Figures Number / Title Page Figure 1. Location of Soil Data Pits ............................................................................................................ 9 Figure 2. Floristic Survey Tracks .............................................................................................................. 10 List of Tables Number / Title Page Table 1. Soil Sampling Results. North Star Nature Preserve ..................................................................... 3 Table 2. Floristic Quality Assessment Results. North Star Nature Preserve. ............................................ 6 Table 3. Noxious Weeds. North Star Nature Preserve. 2017 .................................................................... 6 List of Photos Number / Title Page Photo 1. North Star Fen (9/25/2017). ....................................................................................................... 1 Photo 2. Beaked sedge (Carex utriculata), a dominant plant of the fen (9/12/17). ................................. 1 Photo 3. David Buscher, soil scientist, examing wetland soils on the Smith Open Space (9/25/17). ...... 2 Photo 4. Beaked sedge close-up (9/25/17). .............................................................................................. 4 Photo 5. Slender spire orchid at North Star (July 12, 2017). .................................................................... 5 Photo 6. Dense stand of the noxious weed oxeye daisy, west of the river (7/28/2017). ........................ 6 February 2018 – Wetland Fen Assessment & Floristic Inventory iii Pitkin County Open Space and Trails North Star Nature Preserve Open Space 1.0 Introduction The North Star Nature Preserve (175-acres) and the adjacent James H. Smith Open Space (70+ acres) are unique and valuable tracts of open space on the edge of Aspen – an ecological sanctuary that encompasses significant wetland and riparian ecological communities and wildlife habitat (PCOST, 2015). These properties, collectively called the North Star Nature Preserve (Preserve), encompass a flat bottomland bisected by the Roaring Fork River and bounded by steep mountainsides. Some of the original riparian and wetland habitat on the Preserve was drained and willows were eliminated to grow agricultural grasses in the 1950’s (PCOST, 2015). However, there are still areas of high quality wetlands on the Preserve, including an herbaceous fen located at the northwest corner and a willow shrub wetland beaver pond complex along the southern boundary of the Preserve. Other vegetation types present include narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifoliai) riparian forest, stands of aspen (Populus tremuloides) with conifers, mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana) shrublands, and upland meadows dominated by agricultural grasses. The purpose of this Fen Assessment and Floristic Inventory is to provide Pitkin County Open Space and Trails (PCOST) with baseline information on the soils and vegetation of the mapped wetland fen, and to determine if fens exist elsewhere on the property. In addition, a list of all vascular plant life encountered within the Preserve (Appendix A) is included to provide PCOST with baseline information which supports the existing “targeted” quantitative monitoring that is already occurring on the Preserve. Comprehensive inventories of plant life are an important part of land management and could be used to make informed decisions about land management activities and conservation. Photo 1. North Star Fen (9/25/2017). 2.0 Definition of Fen Fens are rare and ecologically significant wetlands in Colorado and the Rocky Mountains and are colloquially known as “old-growth” wetlands because they can be thousands of years old. They are ancient ecosystems 8,000 to 12,000 years old. Even though they occupy a small percentage of the landscape, they provide important headwater quality functions, including carbon storage, water storage, wildlife habitat, and biodiversity. A fen is defined as a groundwater-fed wetland with saturated organic soils, commonly known as peat (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2000). Regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) have required fens to meet the formal criteria established for organic soils (Histosols) in the USDA soil taxonomy (USACE, 2017). The criteria include the duration of saturated conditions, organic carbon Photo 2. Beaked sedge (Carex utriculata), a dominant content, and a minimum thickness of 40 cm (16 plant of the fen (9/12/17). February 2018 – Wetland Fen Assessment & Floristic Inventory 1 Pitkin County Open Space and Trails North Star Nature Preserve Open Space in) of peat (in the upper 80 cm (32 in of soil) (USDA, 1994). Others such as Johnston, et al. (2012), utilize a different definition of fens with a minimum peat thickness of 30 cm (12 in). For purposes of this report, we define fens at the outer limit of the Histosol soils, commonly referred to as peat; and
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