March 23, 2021 u vol. 118 u no. 12

From the Cover

e2022598118 Visualizing biochemical networks e2022255118 Ocean warming and Yangtze River flooding e2019145118 effects of tropical volcanic eruptions e2022466118 Revised timing of Neanderthal disappearance e2010714118 Host–parasite dynamics in the tropical Andes

Contents

THIS WEEK IN PNAS—This week’s research highlights Cover image: Pictured is an effective eiti1221118 In This Issue graph depicting the nonlinear logical redundancy present in biochemical network regulation and signaling. CORE CONCEPTS—A brief introduction to emerging topics in science Effective graphs reveal that some e2103183118 Bioplastics offer carbon- advantages but are no panacea interactions are more important than M. Mitchell Waldrop others owing to dynamical redundancy and nonlinearity. Alexander J. Gates et al. used 78 experimentally validated QNAS—Interviews with leading scientific researchers and newsmakers systems biology models to show that e2102936118 QnAs with Kenneth W. Kinzler effective graphs can characterize causal Sandeep Ravindran and redundant relationships and explain See Inaugural Article, e2022410118, in vol. 118, issue 12 how control signals and perturbations propagate through biochemical pathways. This approach can enhance RETROSPECTIVE understanding of multivariate dynamical e2101879118 Watt W. Webb: His measurements of the seemingly inaccessible systems. See the article by Gates et al., broadened the horizons of biophysics e2022598118. Image credit: Rion Brattig Elliot Elson Correia, Joana Carvalho (Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal), Xuan Wang, Luis M. Rocha PROFILE—The life and work of NAS members (Indiana University, Bloomington, IN), e2103317118 Profile of Judy Lieberman and Alexander J. Gates (Northeastern Jennifer Viegas University, Boston, MA). See Inaugural Article, e2022830118, in vol. 118, issue 9

COMMENTARIES e2102059118 Adult specifier E93 takes control of reproductive cyclicity in mosquitoes David Martı´n See companion article, e2021910118, in vol. 118, issue 8 e2102169118 Learning active nematics one step at a time Anna Frishman and Kinneret Keren See companion article, e2016708118, in vol. 118, issue 10

LETTERS e2026320118 Exploring sexual orientation beyond genital arousal: Using large-scale online dating contact behavior to study male and female bisexuality Ho Fai Chan, Benno Torgler, and Stephen Whyte

Free online through the PNAS open access option. PNAS u March 23, 2021 u vol. 118 u no. 12 u iii–ix Downloaded by guest on September 27, 2021 e2100746118 Reply to Chan et al.: Better delineating female e2022987118 Chemical pumps and flexible sheets and male sexual orientation spontaneously form self-regulating J. Jabbour and J. Michael Bailey oscillators in solution e2020432118 Relationship between wild-living and village- Raj Kumar Manna, Oleg E. Shklyaev, living dogs in New Guinea and Anna C. Balazs Peter D. Dwyer and Monica Minnegal BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY e2022368118 Reply to Dwyer and Minnegal: Genetics e2011815118 Rules of contact inhibition of locomotion for supersedes observational records cells on suspended nanofibers regarding New Guinea canids Jugroop Singh, Aldwin Pagulayan, Brian A. Camley, Kylie M. Cairns, Suriani Surbakti, Heidi G. Parker, and Amrinder S. Nain James K. McIntyre, Hendra K. Maury, Meagan Selvig, Margaretha Pangau-Adam, Apolo Safonpo, Leonardo e2017719118 Protein design-scapes generated by microfluidic Numberi, Y. P. Runtuboi, Elaine A. Ostrander, DNA assembly elucidate domain coupling in and Brian W. Davis the bacterial histidine kinase CpxA Iain C. Clark, Bruk Mensa, Christopher J. Ochs, Nathan W. Schmidt, Marco Mravic, Francisco J. Quintana, William F. DeGrado, and Adam R. Abate INAUGURAL ARTICLE e2022403118 Molecular assemblies of the catalytic domain e2022410118 Targeting loss of heterozygosity for cancer- of SOS with KRas and oncogenic mutants specific immunotherapy Zahra Moghadamchargari, Mehdi Shirzadeh, Chang Michael S. Hwang, Brian J. Mog, Jacqueline Douglass, Liu, Samantha Schrecke, Charles Packianathan, Alexander H. Pearlman, Emily Han-Chung Hsiue, David H. Russell, Minglei Zhao, and Arthur Laganowsky Suman Paul, Sarah R. DiNapoli, Maximilian F. Konig, e2025094118 Crystal structure of a far-red–sensing Drew M. Pardoll, Sandra B. Gabelli, Chetan Bettegowda, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Bert Vogelstein, cyanobacteriochrome reveals an Shibin Zhou, and Kenneth W. Kinzler atypical bilin conformation and spectral tuning mechanism Sepalika Bandara, Nathan C. Rockwell, Xiaoli Zeng, Zhong Ren, Cong Wang, Heewhan Shin, Shelley S. BRIEF REPORTS Martin, Marcus V. Moreno, J. Clark Lagarias, and Xiaojing Yang e2100918118 Paradoxical androgen receptor regulation by small molecule enantiomers e2022012118 Computationally designed pyocyanin Katherin Patsch, Chao Liu, Grzegorz Zapotoczny, demethylase acts synergistically with Yuanye Sun, Harish Sura, Nolan Ung, Ren X. Sun, tobramycin to kill recalcitrant Bethany Haliday, Chen Yu, Mayada Aljehani, Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms Jerry S. H. Lee, Boris A. Kashemirov, David B. Agus, Chelsey M. VanDrisse, Rosalie Lipsh-Sokolik, Charles E. McKenna, and Daniel Ruderman Olga Khersonsky, Sarel J. Fleishman, e2019893118 Using artificial intelligence to improve and Dianne K. Newman COVID-19 rapid diagnostic test e2018459118 Neuronal circuits overcome imbalance in result interpretation excitation and inhibition by adjusting David-A. Mendels, Laurent Dortet, Ce´cile Emeraud, connection numbers Saoussen Oueslati, Delphine Girlich, Jean-Baptiste Nirit Sukenik, Oleg Vinogradov, Eyal Ronat, Sandrine Bernabeu, Silvestre Bahi, Gary J. H. Weinreb, Menahem Segal, Anna Levina, Atkinson, and Thierry Naas and Elisha Moses e2024548118 Spatial tuning of electrophysiological e2022598118 The effective graph reveals redundancy, responses to multisensory stimuli canalization, and control pathways reveals a primitive coding of the in biochemical regulation body boundaries in newborns and signaling Irene Ronga, Mattia Galigani, Valentina Bruno, Jean- Alexander J. Gates, Rion Brattig Correia, Xuan Wang, Paul Noel, Andrea Gazzin, Cristina Perathoner, Andrea and Luis M. Rocha Serino, and Francesca Garbarini + + e2017168118 Conductance selectivity of Na across the K + channel via Na trapped in a tortuous trajectory Kenichiro Mita, Takashi Sumikama, Masayuki PHYSICAL SCIENCES Iwamoto, Yuka Matsuki, Kenji Shigemi, and Shigetoshi Oiki APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES CHEMISTRY e2019996118 Mono- and bilayer smectic liquid crystal ordering in dense solutions of e2012529118 Immunoediting role for major vault protein in “gapped” DNA duplexes apoptotic signaling induced by bacterial Prabesh Gyawali, Rony Saha, Gregory P. Smith, Miroslaw N-acyl homoserine lactones Salamonczyk, Prakash Kharel, Soumitra Basu, Ruipeng Li, Josep Rayo, Rachel Gregor, Nicholas T. Jacob, Rambabu Masafumi Fukuto, James T. Gleeson, Noel A. Clark, Antal Dandela, Luba Dubinsky, Alex Yashkin, Alexander Ja´kli, Hamza Balci, and Samuel Sprunt Aranovich, Manikandan Thangaraj, Orna Ernst, Eran Barash, Sergey Malitsky, Bogdan I. Florea, Bastiaan P. e2021768118 Enhanced cavity coupling to silicon vacancies Krom, Erik A. C. Wiemer, Valerie A. Kickhoefer, in 4H silicon carbide using laser irradiation Leonard H. Rome, John C. Mathison, Gunnar F. and thermal annealing Kaufmann, Herman S. Overkleeft, Benjamin F. Cravatt, Mena N. Gadalla, Andrew S. Greenspon, Rodrick Kuate Tsaffrir Zor, Kim D. Janda, Richard J. Ulevitch, Vladimir V. Defo, Xingyu Zhang, and Evelyn L. Hu Kravchenko, and Michael M. Meijler

iv u www.pnas.org Contents Downloaded by guest on September 27, 2021 EARTH, ATMOSPHERIC, AND PLANETARY SCIENCES e2018494118 A multicountry perspective on gender e2021528118 On the effects of the ocean on atmospheric differences in time use during COVID-19 CFC-11 lifetimes and emissions Laura M. Giurge, Ashley V. Whillans, Peidong Wang, Jeffery R. Scott, Susan Solomon, and Ayse Yemiscigil John Marshall, Andrew R. Babbin, Megan Lickley, e2021474118 Attention recruits frontal cortex in David W. J. Thompson, Timothy DeVries, Qing human infants Liang, and Ronald G. Prinn Cameron T. Ellis, Lena J. Skalaban, Tristan S. Yates, e2022255118 Historic Yangtze flooding of 2020 tied to and Nicholas B. Turk-Browne extreme Indian Ocean conditions e2023069118 Evidence supporting a time-limited 周震强 谢尚平 Zhen-Qiang Zhou ( ), Shang-Ping Xie ( ), hippocampal role in retrieving 张人禾 and Renhe Zhang ( ) autobiographical memories e2023023118 Conditions and extent of volatile loss from the Adrian W. Gilmore, Alina Quach, Sarah E. Moon during formation of the Kalinowski, Estefanı´a I. Gonza´lez-Araya, Procellarum basin Stephen J. Gotts, Daniel L. Schacter, Romain Tarte`se, Paolo A. Sossi, and Fre´de´ric Moynier and Alex Martin

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES SOCIAL SCIENCES e2019145118 Global hydroclimatic response to tropical e1907351118 Years of good life is a well-being indicator volcanic eruptions over the last millennium designed to serve research on sustainability Ernesto Tejedor, Nathan J. Steiger, Jason E. Smerdon, Wolfgang Lutz, Erich Striessnig, Anna Dimitrova, Roberto Serrano-Notivoli, and Mathias Vuille Simone Ghislandi, Anastasia Lijadi, Claudia Reiter, Sonja Spitzer, and Dilek Yildiz MATHEMATICS e2021359118 Impacts of introducing and lifting e2021244118 Point configurations, phylogenetic trees, nonpharmaceutical interventions and dissimilarity vectors on COVID-19 daily growth rate and Alessio Caminata, Noah Giansiracusa, Han-Bom compliance in the United States Moon, and Luca Schaffler Surya Singh, Mujaheed Shaikh, Katharina Hauck, e2026449118 Local criteria for the unit equation and the and Marisa Miraldo asymptotic Fermat’s Last Theorem Nuno Freitas, Alain Kraus, and Samir Siksek BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

PHYSICS ANTHROPOLOGY e2018977118 Visualizing the double-gyroid twin e2017144118 Sex differences in early experience and the Xueyan Feng, Mujin Zhuo, Hua Guo, development of aggression in and Edwin L. Thomas wild chimpanzees e2019578118 Evolution and global charge conservation for H. Sabbi, Melissa Emery Thompson, Zarin P. polarization singularities emerging from Machanda, Emily Otali, Richard W. Wrangham, non-Hermitian degeneracies and Martin N. Muller Weijin Chen, Qingdong Yang, Yuntian Chen, and Wei Liu APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES e2014631118 Monitoring tumor cell death in murine tumor SOCIAL SCIENCES models using deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging ANTHROPOLOGY Friederike Hesse, Vencel Somai, Felix Kreis, Flaviu e2022466118 Reevaluating the timing of Neanderthal Bulat, Alan J. Wright, and Kevin M. Brindle disappearance in Northwest Europe Thibaut Devie`se, Gre´gory Abrams, Mateja Hajdinjak, BIOCHEMISTRY Ste´phane Pirson, Isabelle De Groote, Ke´vin Di e2017719118 Modica, Michel Toussaint, Valentin Fischer, Dan Protein design-scapes generated by microfluidic Comeskey, Luke Spindler, Matthias Meyer, Patrick DNA assembly elucidate domain coupling in Semal, and Tom Higham the bacterial histidine kinase CpxA Iain C. Clark, Bruk Mensa, Christopher J. Ochs, Nathan W. Schmidt, Marco Mravic, Francisco J. ECONOMIC SCIENCES Quintana, William F. DeGrado, and Adam R. Abate e2021976118 Extreme weather events and military conflict over seven centuries in ancient Korea e2022403118 Molecular assemblies of the catalytic domain Tackseung Jun and Rajiv Sethi of SOS with KRas and oncogenic mutants Zahra Moghadamchargari, Mehdi Shirzadeh, Chang Liu, Samantha Schrecke, Charles Packianathan, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES David H. Russell, Minglei Zhao, and Arthur Laganowsky e2021745118 Testosterone reduces generosity through e2025094118 Crystal structure of a far-red–sensing cortical and subcortical mechanisms cyanobacteriochrome reveals an 高晓雪 Jianxin Ou, Yin Wu, Yang Hu, Xiaoxue Gao ( ), atypical bilin conformation and Hong Li, and Philippe N. Tobler spectral tuning mechanism e2016569118 Communicating artificial neural networks Sepalika Bandara, Nathan C. Rockwell, Xiaoli Zeng, develop efficient color-naming systems Zhong Ren, Cong Wang, Heewhan Shin, Shelley S. Rahma Chaabouni, Eugene Kharitonov, Emmanuel Martin, Marcus V. Moreno, J. Clark Lagarias, Dupoux, and Marco Baroni and Xiaojing Yang

Contents PNAS u March 23, 2021 u vol. 118 u no. 12 u v Downloaded by guest on September 27, 2021 e2012800118 Computationally designed peptide e2022600118 ATM controls the extent of DNA end resection macrocycle inhibitors of New Delhi by eliciting sequential posttranslational metallo-β-lactamase 1 modifications of CtIP Vikram Khipple Mulligan, Sean Workman, Tianjun Sun, Jinhua Han, Li Wan, Guixing Jiang, Liping Cao, Feiyu Stephen Rettie, Xinting Li, Liam J. Worrall, Timothy W. Xia, Tian Tian, Xiaomei Zhu, Mingjie Wu, Michael S. Y. Craven, Dustin T. King, Parisa Hosseinzadeh, Huen, Yi Wang, Ting Liu, and Jun Huang Andrew M. Watkins, P. Douglas Renfrew, Sharon Guffy, e2026336118 The aryl hydrocarbon receptor facilitates the Jason W. Labonte, Rocco Moretti, Richard Bonneau, Natalie C. J. Strynadka, and David Baker human cytomegalovirus-mediated G1/S block to cell cycle progression e2018024118 Discovery of a caspase cleavage motif Pooya Naseri-Nosar, Maciej T. Nogalski, antibody reveals insights into noncanonical and Thomas Shenk inflammasome function Christopher W. Davies, Irma Stowe, Qui T. Phung, DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Hoangdung Ho, Corey E. Bakalarski, Aaron Gupta, e2013239118 Yingnan Zhang, Jennie R. Lill, Jian Payandeh, A switch from noncanonical to canonical Wnt Nobuhiko Kayagaki, and James T. Koerber signaling stops neuroblast migration through a Slt–Robo and RGA-9b/ARHGAP– e2019649118 Sortase-assembled pili in Corynebacterium dependent mechanism diphtheriae are built using a latch mechanism Lorenzo Rella, Euclides E. Fernandes Po´voa, Jonas Scott A. McConnell, Rachel A. McAllister, Mars, Annabel L. P. Ebbing, Luc Schoppink, Marco C. Brendan R. Amer, Brendan J. Mahoney, Christopher K. Betist, and Hendrik C. Korswagen Sue, Chungyu Chang, Hung Ton-That, and Robert T. Clubb e2025196118 Chromatin remodelers and lineage-specific factors interact to target enhancers to e2024865118 Crtc modulates fasting programs associated establish proneurosensory fate within with 1-C metabolism and inhibition of otic ectoderm insulin signaling Jinshu Xu, Jun Li, Ting Zhang, Huihui Jiang, Tian Wang, Ezra Wiater, Xinmin Zhang, John B. Aarthi Ramakrishnan, Bernd Fritzsch, Li Shen, Thomas, and Marc Montminy and Pin-Xian Xu

ECOLOGY BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY e2003955118 Stage-specific overcompensation, the hydra e2015728118 Modulation of a protein-folding landscape effect, and the failure to eradicate an revealed by AFM-based force spectroscopy invasive predator notwithstanding instrumental limitations Edwin Grosholz, Gail Ashton, Marko Bradley, Chris Devin T. Edwards, Marc-Andre LeBlanc, Brown, Lina Ceballos-Osuna, Andrew Chang, and Thomas T. Perkins Catherine de Rivera, Julie Gonzalez, Marcella e2019566118 Type III secretion system effector proteins are Heineke, Michelle Marraffini, Linda McCann, Erica mechanically labile Pollard, Ian Pritchard, Gregory Ruiz, Brian Turner, and Carolyn Tepolt Marc-Andre´ LeBlanc, Morgan R. Fink, Thomas T. Perkins, and Marcelo C. Sousa e2010714118 Contrasting drivers of diversity in hosts and parasites across the tropical Andes e2019631118 Mechanism of misfolding of the human prion protein revealed by a pathological mutation Sabrina M. McNew, Lisa N. Barrow, Jessie L. Williamson, Spencer C. Galen, Heather R. Ma´ximo Sanz-Herna´ndez, Joseph D. Barritt, Jens Skeen, Shane G. DuBay, Ariel M. Gaffney, Sobek, Simone Hornemann, Adriano Aguzzi, Andrew B. Johnson, Emil Bautista, Paloma Ordon˜ez, C. and Alfonso De Simone Jonathan Schmitt, Ashley Smiley, Thomas Valqui, e2025126118 Mechanistic basis for ubiquitin modulation of John M. Bates, Shannon J. Hackett, a protein energy landscape and Christopher C. Witt Emma C. Carroll, Naomi R. Latorraca, Johanna M. e2012318118 Trait similarity in reef fish faunas across the Lindner, Brendan C. Maguire, Jeffrey G. Pelton, world’s oceans and Susan Marqusee Matthew McLean, Rick D. Stuart-Smith, Se´bastien Ville´ger, Arnaud Auber, Graham J. Edgar, M. Aaron MacNeil, Nicolas Loiseau, Fabien Leprieur, CELL BIOLOGY and David Mouillot e2011815118 Rules of contact inhibition of locomotion for e2023872118 Experimental evidence of the importance of cells on suspended nanofibers multitrophic structure for species persistence Jugroop Singh, Aldwin Pagulayan, Brian A. Camley, Ignasi Bartomeus, Serguei Saavedra, Rudolf P. Rohr, and Amrinder S. Nain and Oscar Godoy e2016730118 A conformational switch driven by phosphorylation regulates the ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES activity of the evolutionarily e2019034118 Higher airborne pollen concentrations conserved SNARE Ykt6 correlated with increased SARS-CoV-2 Kaitlyn McGrath, Shivani Agarwal, Marco Tonelli, infection rates, as evidenced from Mykola Dergai, Anthony L. Gaeta, Andrew K. Shum, 31 countries across the globe Jessica Lacoste, Yongbo Zhang, Wenyu Wen, Daayun Athanasios Damialis, Stefanie Gilles, Mikhail Sofiev, Chung, Grant Wiersum, Aishwarya Shevade, Sofia Viktoria Sofieva, Franziska Kolek, Daniela Bayr, Maria P. Zaichick, Damian B. van Rossum, Ludmilla Shuvalova, Plaza, Vivien Leier-Wirtz, Sigrid Kaschuba, Lewis H. Jeffrey N. Savas, Sergei Kuchin, Mikko Taipale, Kim A. Ziska, Leonard Bielory, La´szlo´ Makra, Maria del Mar Caldwell, Guy A. Caldwell, Dirk Fasshauer, Trigo, COVID-19/POLLEN study group, and Gabriela Caraveo and Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann

vi u www.pnas.org Contents Downloaded by guest on September 27, 2021 EVOLUTION e2019524118 Diverse innate stimuli activate basophils through e2022466118 Reevaluating the timing of Neanderthal pathways involving Syk and IκBkinases disappearance in Northwest Europe Christophe Pellefigues, Palak Mehta, Sally Chappell, Bibek Thibaut Devie`se, Gre´gory Abrams, Mateja Hajdinjak, Yumnam, Sam Old, Mali Camberis, and Graham Le Gros Ste´phane Pirson, Isabelle De Groote, Ke´vin Di e2025830118 Analysis of chronic inflammatory lesions of Modica, Michel Toussaint, Valentin Fischer, Dan thecolonforBMMFRepantigenexpression Comeskey, Luke Spindler, Matthias Meyer, Patrick and CD68 macrophage interactions Semal, and Tom Higham Timo Bund, Ekaterina Nikitina, Deblina Chakraborty, e2021221118 Genomic analysis of the brassica pathogen Claudia Ernst, Karin Gunst, Boyana Boneva, Claudia turnip mosaic potyvirus reveals its Tessmer, Nadine Volk, Alexander Brobeil, Achim spread along the former trade Weber, Mathias Heikenwalder, Harald zur Hausen, routes of the Silk Road and Ethel-Michele de Villiers Shusuke Kawakubo, Fangluan Gao, Shifang Li, e2025944118 High-salt diet suppresses autoimmune Zhongyang Tan, Ying-Kun Huang, Charith Raj demyelination by regulating the Adkar-Purushothama, Chennappa Gurikar, blood–brain barrier permeability Phoowanarth Maneechoat, Pissawan Chiemsombat, Shin-Young Na, Mathangi Janakiraman, Alexei Seint San Aye, Naruto Furuya, Oleksiy Shevchenko,   Leliavski, and Gurumoorthy Krishnamoorthy Josef Spak, Dijana Skoric, Simon Y. W. Ho, and Kazusato Ohshima e2100825118 A time course transcriptomic analysis of host and injected oncogenic cells reveals new GENETICS aspects of Drosophila immune defenses e2021244118 Point configurations, phylogenetic trees, Di Chen, Arghyashree Roychowdhury-Sinha, Pragya and dissimilarity vectors Prakash, Xiao Lan, Wenmin Fan, Akira Goto, Alessio Caminata, Noah Giansiracusa, Han-Bom and Jules A. Hoffmann Moon, and Luca Schaffler MEDICAL SCIENCES e2005753118 Kleine-Levin syndrome is associated with birth e2022410118 Targeting loss of heterozygosity for cancer- difficulties and genetic variants in the specific immunotherapy TRANK1 gene loci Michael S. Hwang, Brian J. Mog, Jacqueline Douglass, Aditya Ambati, Ryan Hillary, Smaranda Leu- Alexander H. Pearlman, Emily Han-Chung Hsiue, Semenescu, Hanna M. Ollila, Ling Lin, Emmanuel H. Suman Paul, Sarah R. DiNapoli, Maximilian F. Konig, During, Neal Farber, Thomas J. Rico, Juliette Drew M. Pardoll, Sandra B. Gabelli, Chetan Faraco, Eileen Leary, Andrea N. Goldstein-Piekarski, Bettegowda, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Bert Vogelstein, Yu-Shu Huang, Fang Han, Yakov Sivan, Michel Shibin Zhou, and Kenneth W. Kinzler Lecendreux, Pauline Dodet, Makoto Honda, Natan Gadoth, Sona Nevsimalova, Fabio , Takashi e2021758118 Vagus nerve stimulation activates two distinct Kanbayashi, Rosa Peraita-Adrados, Guy D. Leschziner, neuroimmune circuits converging in the spleen Rosa Hasan, Francesca Canellas, Kazuhiko Kume, to protect mice from kidney injury Makrina Daniilidou, Patrice Bourgin, David Rye, Shinji Tanaka, Chikara Abe, Stephen B. G. Abbott, Jose´ L. Vicario, Birgit Hogl, Seung Chul Hong, Shuqiu Zheng, Yusuke Yamaoka, Jonathan E. Lipsey, Guiseppe Plazzi, Geert Mayer, Anne Marie Nataliya I. Skrypnyk, Junlan Yao, Tsuyoshi Inoue, William Landtblom, Yves Dauvilliers, Isabelle Arnulf, T. Nash, Daniel S. Stornetta, Diane L. Rosin, Ruth and Emmanuel Jean-Marie Mignot L. Stornetta, Patrice G. Guyenet, and Mark D. Okusa e2021757118 Decoupling expression and editing preferences e2026650118 The intrinsic instability of the hydrolase of ADAR1 p150 and p110 isoforms domain of lipoprotein lipase facilitates Tony Sun, Yingpu Yu, Xianfang Wu, Ashley Acevedo, its inactivation by ANGPTL4- Ji-Dung Luo, Jiayi Wang, William M. Schneider, Brian catalyzed unfolding Hurwitz, Brad R. Rosenberg, Hachung Chung, Katrine Z. Leth-Espensen, Kristian K. Kristensen, and Charles M. Rice Anni Kumari, Anne-Marie L. Winther, Stephen e2023613118 The synaptonemal complex imposes crossover G. Young, Thomas J. D. Jørgensen, interference and heterochiasmy and Michael Ploug in Arabidopsis MICROBIOLOGY Laia Capilla-Pe´rez, Ste´phanie Durand, Aure´lie e2022012118 Computationally designed pyocyanin Hurel, Qichao Lian, Aure´lie Chambon, Christelle demethylase acts synergistically with Taochy, Victor Solier, Mathilde Grelon, tobramycin to kill recalcitrant and Raphael Mercier Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION Chelsey M. VanDrisse, Rosalie Lipsh-Sokolik, e2007194118 JNK signaling prevents biliary cyst formation Olga Khersonsky, Sarel J. Fleishman, and Dianne K. Newman through a CASPASE-8–dependent function of RIPK1 during aging e2012529118 Immunoediting role for major vault protein in Katrin Mu¨ller, Hanna Honcharova-Biletska, Christiane apoptotic signaling induced by bacterial Koppe, Miche`le Egger, Lap Kwan Chan, Anne T. N-acyl homoserine lactones Schneider, Lena Ku¨sgens, Friederike Bo¨hm, Yannick Josep Rayo, Rachel Gregor, Nicholas T. Jacob, Rambabu Boege, Marc E. Healy, Johannes Schmitt, Sarah Dandela, Luba Dubinsky, Alex Yashkin, Alexander Comtesse, Mirco Castoldi, Christian Preisinger, Marta Aranovich, Manikandan Thangaraj, Orna Ernst, Eran Szydlowska, Enrico , Nadine T. Gaisa, Sven H. Barash, Sergey Malitsky, Bogdan I. Florea, Bastiaan P. Loosen, Simone Jo¨rs, Frank Tacke, Christoph Krom, Erik A. C. Wiemer, Valerie A. Kickhoefer, Roderburg, Verena Keitel, Johannes G. Bode, Peter Leonard H. Rome, John C. Mathison, Gunnar F. Boor, Roger J. Davis, Thomas Longerich, Fabian Kaufmann, Herman S. Overkleeft, Benjamin F. Cravatt, Geisler, Mathias Heikenwalder, Achim Weber, Mihael Tsaffrir Zor, Kim D. Janda, Richard J. Ulevitch, Vladimir V. Vucur, and Tom Luedde Kravchenko, and Michael M. Meijler

Contents PNAS u March 23, 2021 u vol. 118 u no. 12 u vii Downloaded by guest on September 27, 2021 e2006717118 HflX is a GTPase that controls hypoxia- NEUROSCIENCE induced replication arrest in slow- e2021745118 Testosterone reduces generosity through growing mycobacteria cortical and subcortical mechanisms Jie Yin Grace Ngan, Swathi Pasunooti, Wilford Jianxin Ou, Yin Wu, Yang Hu, Xiaoxue Gao (高晓雪), Tse, Wei Meng, So Fong Cam Ngan, Huan Hong Li, and Philippe N. Tobler Jia, Jian Qing Lin, Sze Wai Ng, Muhammad e2018459118 Taufiq Jaafa, Su Lei Sharol Cho, Jieling Lim, Neuronal circuits overcome imbalance in Hui Qi Vanessa Koh, Noradibah Abdul excitation and inhibition by adjusting Ghani, Kevin Pethe, Siu Kwan Sze, Julien connection numbers Lescar, and Sylvie Alonso Nirit Sukenik, Oleg Vinogradov, Eyal Weinreb, Menahem Segal, Anna Levina, e2013336118 Toxoplasma gondii association with host and Elisha Moses mitochondria requires key mitochondrial protein import machinery e2023069118 Evidence supporting a time-limited Matthew L. Blank, Jing Xia, Mary M. Morcos, hippocampal role in retrieving Mai Sun, Pamela S. Cantrell, Yang Liu, autobiographical memories Xuemei Zeng, Cameron J. Powell, Adrian W. Gilmore, Alina Quach, Sarah E. Nathan Yates, Martin J. Boulanger, Kalinowski, Estefanı´a I. Gonza´lez-Araya, and Jon P. Boyle Stephen J. Gotts, Daniel L. Schacter, and Alex Martin e2016810118 Estimating maximal microbial growth rates from cultures, metagenomes, and single e2011876118 Rapid initiation of cell cycle reentry cells via codon usage patterns processes protects neurons from Jake L. Weissman, Shengwei Hou, amyloid-β toxicity and Jed A. Fuhrman Stefania Ippati, Yuanyuan Deng, Julia van der Hoven, Celine Heu, Annika van Hummel, Sook Wern Chua, e2016818118 Lineage-specific selection and the evolution of Esmeralda Paric, Gabriella Chan, Astrid Feiten, virulence in the Candida clade Thomas Fath, Yazi D. Ke, Nikolas K. Haass, Sheena D. Singh-Babak, Tomas Babak, Hunter B. and Lars M. Ittner Fraser, and Alexander D. Johnson e2013136118 Meis homeobox genes control progenitor e2023245118 Structural basis for selective AMPylation of competence in the retina Rac-subfamily GTPases by Bartonella Naoko Dupacova, Barbora Antosova, Jan Paces, effector protein 1 (Bep1) and Zbynek Kozmik Nikolaus Dietz, Markus Huber, Isabel Sorg, Arnaud e2022097118 Goepfert, Alexander Harms, Tilman Schirmer, Directed information exchange between and Christoph Dehio cortical layers in macaque V1 and V4 and its modulation by e2023988118 The cyanobacterial taxis protein HmpF selective attention regulates type IV pilus activity in Demetrio Ferro, Jochem van Kempen, Michael Boyd, response to light Stefano Panzeri, and Alexander Thiele Thomas V. Harwood, Esthefani G. Zuniga, HoJun Kweon, and Douglas D. Risser e2025373118 Functional and genetic analysis of PHYSIOLOGY + viral receptor ACE2 orthologs e2017168118 Conductance selectivity of Na across + + reveals a broad potential host the K channel via Na trapped in a range of SARS-CoV-2 tortuous trajectory Yinghui Liu, Gaowei Hu, Yuyan Wang, Wenlin Kenichiro Mita, Takashi Sumikama, Masayuki Ren, Xiaomin Zhao, Fansen Ji, Yunkai Zhu, Fei Iwamoto, Yuka Matsuki, Kenji Shigemi, Feng, Mingli Gong, Xiaohui Ju, Yuanfei Zhu, and Shigetoshi Oiki Xia Cai, Jun Lan, Jianying Guo, Min Xie, Lin Dong, Zihui Zhu, Jie Na, Jianping Wu, Xun Lan, Youhua Xie, Xinquan Wang, Zhenghong Yuan, Rong Zhang, PLANT BIOLOGY and Qiang Ding e2018122118 Electrochromic shift supports the membrane e2026153118 A safe and highly efficacious measles virus- destabilization model of Tat-mediated based vaccine expressing SARS-CoV-2 transport and shows ion leakage during stabilized prefusion spike Sec transport Mijia Lu, Piyush Dravid, Yuexiu Zhang, Sheetal Trivedi, Anthony H. Asher and Steven M. Theg Anzhong Li, Olivia Harder, Mahesh KC, Supranee Chaiwatpongsakorn, Ashley Zani, Adam Kenney, e2022547118 The receptor-like kinases BAM1 and Cong Zeng, Chuanxi Cai, Chengjin Ye, Xueya Liang, BAM2 are required for root Masako Shimamura, Shan-Lu Liu, Asuncion Mejias, xylem patterning Octavio Ramilo, Prosper N. Boyaka, Jianming Qiu, Pengfei Fan, Emmanuel Aguilar, Mariem Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Jacob S. Yount, Mark E. Bradai, Hao Xue, Hua Wang, Tabata Peeples, Amit Kapoor, Stefan Niewiesk, Rosas-Diaz, Weihua Tang, Sebastian and Jianrong Li Wolf, Heng Zhang, Lin Xu, e2026785118 One or two injections of MVA-vectored and Rosa Lozano-Dura´n vaccine shields hACE2 transgenic mice e2022982118 A co-opted steroid synthesis gene, maintained from SARS-CoV-2 upper and lower in sorghum but not maize, is associated respiratory tract infection with a divergence in leaf Ruikang Liu, Jeffrey L. Americo, Catherine A. Cotter, wax chemistry Patricia L. Earl, Noam Erez, Chen Peng, Lucas Busta, Elizabeth Schmitz, Dylan K. Kosma, and Bernard Moss James C. Schnable, and Edgar B. Cahoon

viii u www.pnas.org Contents Downloaded by guest on September 27, 2021 POPULATION BIOLOGY SYSTEMS BIOLOGY e2026580118 Oocyte age and preconceptual alcohol use are e2022598118 The effective graph reveals redundancy, highly correlated with epigenetic imprinting canalization, and control pathways of a noncoding RNA (nc886) in biochemical regulation Brittany L. Carpenter, Tanaka K. Remba, Stacey L. Thomas, and signaling Zachary Madaj, Lucy Brink, Rochelle L. Tiedemann, Alexander J. Gates, Rion Brattig Correia, Xuan Wang, Hein J. Odendaal, and Peter A. Jones and Luis M. Rocha SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE e2020154118 Yeast optimizes metal utilization based e2018100118 Better outcomes for pest pressure, insecticide use, on metabolic network and and yield in less intensive agricultural landscapes enzyme kinetics Vesna Gagic, Matthew Holding, William Venables, Yu Chen, Feiran Li, Jiwei Mao, Yun Chen, Andrew D. Hulthen, and Nancy A. Schellhorn and Jens Nielsen

Contents PNAS u March 23, 2021 u vol. 118 u no. 12 u ix Downloaded by guest on September 27, 2021