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Materials for a Historical Dictionary of New Persian Loanwords in Old Anatolian and Ottoman Turkish from the 13Th to the 16Th Century

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Materials for a Historical Dictionary of New Persian Loanwords in Old Anatolian and Ottoman Turkish from the 13Th to the 16Th Century Studia Turcologica Cr acoviensia 13 Jagiellonian University · Institute of Oriental Studies Studia Turcologica Cr acoviensia 13 Founded by Edited by Stanisław Stachowski Marek Stachowski Kraków 2013 Jagiellonian University · Institute of Oriental Studies Marzanna Pomorska Materials for a Historical Dictionary of New Persian Loanwords in Old Anatolian and Ottoman Turkish from the 13th to the 16th Century Kraków 2013 Reviewer Marek Stachowski Typographical arrangement and typesetting Michał Németh Cover and layout design Kamil Stachowski © Copyright by Marzanna Pomorska and Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego First edition, Kraków 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced without permission in writing from the Publisher. This volume has appeared thanks to the financial support of the Jagiellonian University’s Faculty of Philology ISBN 978-83-233-3618-1 ISSN 1425-1937 www.wuj.pl Jagiellonian University Press Editorial Offices: ul. Michałowskiego 9/2, 31-126 Kraków Phone: +48 12 631 18 80, +48 12 631 18 82, Fax: +48 12 631 18 83 Distribution: Phone: +48 12 631 01 97, Fax: +48 12 631 01 98 Cell Phone: +48 506 006 674, e-mail: [email protected] Bank: PEKAO SA, IBAN PL80 1240 4722 1111 0000 4856 3325 Dedicated to Professor Stanisław Stachowski Contents Introduction ............................................................................................. 9 Abbreviations ............................................................................................ 11 Glossary ...................................................................................................... 13 Introduction In 1972, Stanisław Stachowski began publishing his Studien über die neupersischen Lehnwörter im Osmanisch-Türkischen in the Cracow annual “Folia Orientalia”. The series was finished in 1979 and almost twenty years later reprinted in Turkey as Osmanlı Türkçesinde Yeni Farsça Alıntılar Sözlüğü. Wörterbuch der neupersischen Lehn- wörter im Osmanisch-Türkischen (Simurg, İstanbul 1998). It presents 686 New Persian loanwords in the Ottoman language, extracted from original transcription texts dating to the 16th–18th centuries. It was Stanisław Stachowski who encouraged us to research New Persian loans in both Old Anatolian and Ottoman Turkish texts dating from the earlier period of the 13th–16th centuries. All the sources we have had at our disposal are written in the Arabic script, thereafter transcribed into the Latin script and edited by modern scholars. The vocabulary presented here has been extracted from dictionaries added to each of these editions. The ortography and transliteration used by the respective editor are retained unchanged (except if obvious misprints or mistakes occur); the same is valid for the meanings of the specific words adduced in the language of the given edition. Persian izafet constructions, proper names as well as such words whose phonetic shape or meaning cannot be readily identified are excluded from this dictionary. If a word is attested in various phonetic or graphematic forms the one possibly close to that in Redhouse’s dictionary was used as the headword of the respective entry here. Nominal and verbal derivatives of the specific loanwords are adduced in order to establish to what extent New Persian borrowings were productive in Turkish. Since our purpose is first of all to present historical documentation of New Persian loanwords in Old Anatolian and early Ottoman Turkish, Persian etyma, cited after standard dictionaries by authorities like F. J. Steingass, H. Junker & B. Alavi, and Yu. A. Rubinchik, are only suggested as most possible sources of the borrowings. As a matter of fact, a cooperation with experts in historical dialectology of Persian and comparative phonology of Iranian languages is absolutely necessary for establishing precise form, meaning and the source language or dialect. * We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Kinga Maciuszak and Marek Sta­ chowski for their valuable comments. Abbreviations AH = Zajączkowski, A.: Traktat Arystotelesa o sztuce wojennej Ādāb-i ḥarb w wersji osmańsko­tureckiej (Ms. İstanbul, Topkapĭ Sarayĭ, B. 369). – Part I: Rocznik Orientalistyczny XXXI/2 (1968): 23–105; part II: Rocznik Orientalistyczny XXXIII/1: 7–76. AŞ = Eraslan, K.: Ak Şemseddin’in dinî­tasavvufî şiirleri. – Türk Dili Araştırmaları Yıllığı – Belleten 1984 (ed. 1987): 11–85. CSD = Ersoylu, H.İ.: Cem Sultan’ın Türkçe Divan’ı [= Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu. Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları 543], Ankara 1989. DKK = Ergin, M.: Dede Korkut Kitabı. Metin – sözlük [= Türk Kültürünü Araştırma Enstitüsü IV/A2], Ankara 1964. DUP = Mélikoff­Sayar, I.: Le Destān d’Umūr Pacha (Düstūrnāme-i Enverī). Texte, traduction et notes [= Bibliothèque Byzantine. Documents 2], Paris 1954. GT = Özkan, M.: Mahmûd b. Kādî-i Manyâs. Gülistan tercümesi. Giriş – inceleme – metin – sözlük [= Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu. Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları 562], Ankara 1993. Junker–Alavi = Junker, H., Alavi, B.: Wörterbuch Persisch-Deutsch, Leipzig 1977. MN = Korkmaz, Z.: Ṣadr’d-dīn Şeyhoğlu. Marzubān-nāme tercümesi. İnceleme – metin – sözlük – tıpkıbasım [= Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih­Coğrafya Fakültesi Yayınları 219. Malazgirt Zaferinin 900. Yıldönümü Kutlama Serisi III], Ankara 1973. PN = Hengirmen, M.: Güvâhî. Pend-Nâme. (Öğütler ve atasözleri) [= Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları 549. 1000 Temel Eser Dizisi 99], Ankara 1990. Räsänen = Räsänen, M.: Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen, Helsinki 1969. Redhouse = Redhouse Yeni Türkçe-İngilizce sözlük. New Redhouse Turkish- English dictionary, İstanbul 1992. RIN = Adamović, M.: Die Rechtslehre des Imām an-Nasafī in türkischer Bearbeitung vom Jahre 1332 [= Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes XLIX, 3], Stuttgart 1990. Rubinčik = Rubinčik, Yu.A.: Persidsko-russkij slovaŕ, Moskva 1970. Stachowski = Stachowski, S.: Osmanlı Türkçesinde Yeni Farsça Alıntılar Söz lüğü. Wörterbuch der neupersischen Lehnwörter im Osmanisch-Türkischen [= Simurg. Dil ve Edebiyat Dizisi 5], İstanbul 1998. 12 Abbreviations Steingass = Steingass, F.J.: A comprehensive Persian-English dictionary, London & New York 1988. SV = Mansuroğlu, M.: Sultan Veled’in Türkçe manzumeleri [= İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları 765], İstanbul 1958. ŞH = Mansuroğlu, M.: Anadolu Türkçesi (XIII. asır). Şeyyad Hamza’ya ait üç manzume. – İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Dergisi 1/3–4 (31 Aralık 1946): 180–195. ŞMK = Yelten, M.: Şirvanlı Mahmud. Kemâliyye. Giriş – inceleme – cümle bilgisi – metin – sözlük [= İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları 3255], İstanbul 1993. TKT = Tekin, A.: Şirvanlı Mahmûd. Tarih-i İbn-i Kesîr Tercümesi (4. cilt, 1. kısım). Dil özellikleri – metin – sözlük [= Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu. Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları 700), Ankara 1998. TN = Tulum, M.: Sinan Paşa. Tazarru’nâme [= Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Büyük Türk Yazarları ve Şairleri Komisyonu Yayınları 8. Dinî ve Tasavvufî Eserler Serisi 1], İstanbul 1971. TŞ = Verbung, A.C.: TheTu ḥfe-i Şāhidī: A Sixteenth Century Persian­ Ottoman Dictionary in Rhyme. Part I. – Archivum Ottomanicum 15 (1997): 5–88. VG = Smith, G.M.: Yūsuf-i Meddāḥ: Varqa ve Gülşāh. A fourteenth century Anatolian Turkish Menevī, Leiden 1976. YED = Timurtaş, F.K.: Yunus Emre Divanı [= Kültür ve Turizm Bakan­ lığı Yayınları 380. Gençlik ve Halk Kitapları Dizisi 16], Ankara 1986. YEDT = Tatçı, M.: Yunus Emre Divânı. II. Tenkitli metin [= Kültür Ba­ kanlığı Yayınları 1281. Klasik Türk Eserleri Dizisi 14], Ankara 1990. YUZ = Demirel, M.: Kemal Paşazâde. Yusuf u Züleyha. Seçmeler [= Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Yayınları 513. 1000 Temel Eser Dizisi 92], Ankara 1983. Glossary A âb ‘water’ – 1368: āb ‘water’ (VG 6591); 1430: âb ‘su’ (GT 243); 1445: āb ‘id.’ (MN 299); 1482: âb ‘id.’ (TN 355); 2/XV: āb ‘id.’ (CSD 285); XV: āb ‘id.’ (AŞ 57); XV/XVI: âb ‘id.’ (YUZ 209). – = NPers. āb ‘water; river’. âbâd ‘prosperous, flourishing; cultivated, inhabited’ – XIII/XIV: âbâd ‘ma�� mur, bayındır, şen’ (YED 267); 2/XV: ābād ‘id.’ (CSD 285); XV/XVI: âbâd ‘id.’ (YUZ 209). – Der.: 1482: âbâd kıl- ‘mâmûr et�, şenlendir�’ (TN 355). – = NPers. ābād ‘city, building, habitation; cultivated, peopled, full of buildings and inhabitants’. – Cf. Stachowski No. 1. âbâdân ‘prosperous, flourishing; cultivated, inhabited’ – XIII/XIV:âbâdan ‘ba�� yındır, mamur, şen’ (YED 267); 1445: abadan ‘id., bakımlı’ (MN 299); 1482: âbâdân ‘mâmûr, bakımlı’ (TN 355). – = NPers. ābādān, nearly synonymous with but more emphatic than ābād (↑). – Cf. Stachowski No. 1. âbdâr ‘1. beautiful, fine; pleasant, nice; 2. gleaming; 3. fresh, juicy’ – 1482:âb-dâr ‘güzel, hoş, lâtif; tâze, tarâvetli’ (TN 355); 2/XV: ʿāb-dār (!, = āb-dār, M.P.) ‘zarif, güzel; parlak, sulu, taze’ (CSD 285). – = NPers. āb-dār ‘watery, moist, juicy; of a good water (as a diamond or a sword); keen, sharp; glancing, dazzling, resplendent’. âbdest ‘ritual ablution, washing of the hands, face, and other parts, with certain ceremonies used by the Muhammadans before prayer’ – 1332: abdest ‘das rituelle Waschen’ (RIN 339); XIV: abdest ‘abdest’ (DKK 169); 1445: ābdest ‘id.’ (MN 299); 1451: ābdest ‘id.; namaz kılmadan önce el, ağız, burun, yüz, kol, baş, kulak, ayak yıkama’ (TKT 635). – Der.: 1332: abdestlü ‘rituell rein, gewaschen’ (RIN 339); 1332: abdestsüz ‘ungewaschen’ (ib.). – = NPers. āb-dast ‘the ablution or washing of the hands, face, and other parts, with certain ceremonies by the Muhammadans before prayer’. – Cf. Stachowski
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