Simon Imbert-Vier Afars, Issas... and the Making of the "Djiboutian Nation
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An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg. -
Local History of Ethiopia an - Arfits © Bernhard Lindahl (2005)
Local History of Ethiopia An - Arfits © Bernhard Lindahl (2005) an (Som) I, me; aan (Som) milk; damer, dameer (Som) donkey JDD19 An Damer (area) 08/43 [WO] Ana, name of a group of Oromo known in the 17th century; ana (O) patrikin, relatives on father's side; dadi (O) 1. patience; 2. chances for success; daddi (western O) porcupine, Hystrix cristata JBS56 Ana Dadis (area) 04/43 [WO] anaale: aana eela (O) overseer of a well JEP98 Anaale (waterhole) 13/41 [MS WO] anab (Arabic) grape HEM71 Anaba Behistan 12°28'/39°26' 2700 m 12/39 [Gz] ?? Anabe (Zigba forest in southern Wello) ../.. [20] "In southern Wello, there are still a few areas where indigenous trees survive in pockets of remaining forests. -- A highlight of our trip was a visit to Anabe, one of the few forests of Podocarpus, locally known as Zegba, remaining in southern Wello. -- Professor Bahru notes that Anabe was 'discovered' relatively recently, in 1978, when a forester was looking for a nursery site. In imperial days the area fell under the category of balabbat land before it was converted into a madbet of the Crown Prince. After its 'discovery' it was declared a protected forest. Anabe is some 30 kms to the west of the town of Gerba, which is on the Kombolcha-Bati road. Until recently the rough road from Gerba was completed only up to the market town of Adame, from which it took three hours' walk to the forest. A road built by local people -- with European Union funding now makes the forest accessible in a four-wheel drive vehicle. -
8.. Colonialism in the Horn of Africa
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The state, the crisis of state institutions and refugee migration in the Horn of Africa : the cases of Ethiopia, Sudan and Somalia Degu, W.A. Publication date 2002 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Degu, W. A. (2002). The state, the crisis of state institutions and refugee migration in the Horn of Africa : the cases of Ethiopia, Sudan and Somalia. Thela Thesis. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:30 Sep 2021 8.. COLONIALISM IN THE HORN OF AFRICA 'Perhapss there is no other continent in the world where colonialism showed its face in suchh a cruel and brutal form as it did in Africa. Under colonialism the people of Africa sufferedd immensely. -
DJIBOUTI: Implementing the 10- Point Plan of Action
DJIBOUTI: Implementing the 10- Point Plan of Action Djibouti has always been a favoured destination for migrants and refugees from countries in the region, notably Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia. The migrant population is estimated to represent 20 per cent of the total population of the country. The Djiboutian population shares strong ethnic links (Somali, Afar) with Somaliland, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Yemen, which explains the migratory movements between these countries. Djibouti has been described as an oasis of peace in a stormy desert, in a sub region rife with insecurity: the ongoing threat of a border war between Eritrean and Ethiopia, the continuing battle between supporters of the Government in Somalia and the supporters of the opposition Islamists, and the recent turmoil in Kenya. The economic and political stability in the country has attracted thousands of impoverished people in search of better economic prospects. The situation took a new twist over the past two to three years with the increased use of Djibouti as a transit country by smugglers and traffickers en route to the Arab Gulf States and to Europe. The country’s proximity to more prosperous countries in the Arab Gulf and the hope to continue their journey to more developed western countries has therefore equally worked as a pull factor for migrants. During the first months of 2008, a large number of migrants and refugees chose the route by boat to Yemen via Djibouti as an alternative to exposure to reckless smugglers in Bossaso, Somalia. Since January 2008, 2,213 new arrivals from South/Central Somalia have been registered by UNHCR, the peak being in February with 1,100 persons (Jan: 251; Mar: 862). -
Chemin-De-Fer
Hugues Fontaine Jean-Jacques Salgon UNE SAISON EN AFRIQUE Philippe Oberlé Ce petit ouvrage est né de circonstances exceptionnelles suite à la crise sanitaire qui a touché la quasi-totalité de la planète : la fermeture, deux mois à peine après son inauguration le 21 janvier 2020, de l’exposition Rimbaud - Soleillet. Une saison en Afrique présentée à la bibliothèque Carré d’Art à Nîmes, et sa réouverture et pro- longation décidées jusqu’au 20 septembre. De ce fait, ce volume conçu après coup à partir du concept de l’exposition et de l’essentiel de ses textes se donne comme SOMMAIRE un petit livre-catalogue : non pas un véritable catalogue de l’exposition, mais un livre qui veut en conserver une trace. Les ouvertures de chapitres sont illustrées de photographies de l’exposition elle-même, tandis que leurs contenus présentent une Une saison en Afrique 8 sélection des documents exposés (leur reproduction exhaustive eût nécessité un à Jean-Marc Boutonnet-Tranier. RIMBAUD RIMBAUD L’invention d’une rencontre 13 volume beaucoup plus important). Les textes des panneaux ont été revus et harmonisés pour une lecture fluide page après page. Deux textes inédits, rédigés par les auteurs Vers l’Orient 18 SOLEILLET du projet, Hugues Fontaine, commissaire de l’exposition, et Jean-Jacques Salgon, SOLEILLET Arthur Rimbaud 33 conseiller littéraire, veulent témoigner du recul pris, par la force des choses, sur ce Paul Soleillet 43 travail de plus de deux années. Philippe Oberlé, conseiller historique, a comme à UNE SAISON UNE SAISON Le buste de Soleillet 50 son habitude soigneusement vérifié le tout et inspiré l’entreprise de ses propositions Obock 58 et remarques appréciées. -
Djibouti: Z Z Z Z Summary Points Z Z Z Z Renewal Ofdomesticpoliticallegitimacy
briefing paper page 1 Djibouti: Changing Influence in the Horn’s Strategic Hub David Styan Africa Programme | April 2013 | AFP BP 2013/01 Summary points zz Change in Djibouti’s economic and strategic options has been driven by four factors: the Ethiopian–Eritrean war of 1998–2000, the impact of Ethiopia’s economic transformation and growth upon trade; shifts in US strategy since 9/11, and the upsurge in piracy along the Gulf of Aden and Somali coasts. zz With the expansion of the US AFRICOM base, the reconfiguration of France’s military presence and the establishment of Japanese and other military facilities, Djibouti has become an international maritime and military laboratory where new forms of cooperation are being developed. zz Djibouti has accelerated plans for regional economic integration. Building on close ties with Ethiopia, existing port upgrades and electricity grid integration will be enhanced by the development of the northern port of Tadjourah. zz These strategic and economic shifts have yet to be matched by internal political reforms, and growth needs to be linked to strategies for job creation and a renewal of domestic political legitimacy. www.chathamhouse.org Djibouti: Changing Influence in the Horn’s Strategic Hub page 2 Djibouti 0 25 50 km 0 10 20 30 mi Red Sea National capital District capital Ras Doumeira Town, village B Airport, airstrip a b Wadis ERITREA a l- M International boundary a n d District boundary a b Main road Railway Moussa Ali ETHIOPIA OBOCK N11 N11 To Elidar Balho Obock N14 TADJOURA N11 N14 Gulf of Aden Tadjoura N9 Galafi Lac Assal Golfe de Tadjoura N1 N9 N9 Doraleh DJIBOUTI N1 Ghoubbet Arta N9 El Kharab DJIBOUTI N9 N1 DIKHIL N5 N1 N1 ALI SABIEH N5 N5 Abhe Bad N1 (Lac Abhe) Ali Sabieh DJIBOUTI Dikhil N5 To Dire Dawa SOMALIA/ ETHIOPIA SOMALILAND Source: United Nations Department of Field Support, Cartographic Section, Djibouti Map No. -
Migrant Smuggling: Paths from the Horn of Africa to Yemen and Saudi
Migrant smuggling Paths from the Horn of Africa to Yemen and Saudi Arabia Peter Tinti This report examines the smuggling networks facilitating irregular migration from the Horn of Africa to countries in the Arabian Peninsula, also referred to as the Gulf. In addition to analysing the structure and modus operandi of migrant smuggling networks, the author considers the extent to which these networks are involved in other forms of organised criminal activity, such as arms and narcotics trafficking. The report concludes with recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders operating in the Horn of Africa and Yemen. AFRICA IN THE WORLD REPORT 7 | NOVEMBER 2017 Introduction Key points Although it receives far less media and policy attention, the number of Foreign donors and bilateral irregular migrants travelling from the Horn of Africa to Yemen and Saudi partners should promote Arabia dwarfs the number migrating from the Horn of Africa toward Europe. general capacity-building of In 2016, a record 117 107 irregular arrivals were recorded in Yemen, 83% of relevant state institutions, which were Ethiopian. Somalis comprised the remaining 17%.1 rather than focusing on migrant smuggling, when training law- The numbers detected crossing along the same routes in 2017, close to enforcement, judiciary, and 55 000 as of the end of May,2 are lower than in 2016, but these flows still border-control staff. represent a substantial movement of people, raising several questions about human security, organised crime, regional migration management policies, Policies to counter migrant and to a lesser extent armed conflict in Yemen.3 Given the deteriorating smuggling must be country security situation in Yemen and limited monitoring in the transit countries of specific and adequately Djibouti and Somalia, it is likely that actual arrivals are considerably higher account for the social, than those recorded, with migrants also seeking to avoid detection by local economic and political context governments as well as humanitarian and aid agencies during their journey. -
Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa 1880–1995
Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa 1880–1995 PATRICK MANNING published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge, CB2 2RU, United Kingdom 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011–4211, USA 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia © Cambridge University Press 1988 © P. Manning 1998 First edition Wrst published 1988 as Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa 1880–1985 Reprinted 1989, 1994 Second edition 1998 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press First published 1998 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeset in Times 9.5/11.5pt [vn] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Manning, Patrick, 1941– Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa, 1880–1985 / Patrick Manning. p. cm Bibliography. Includes index. ISBN 0 521 64255 8. ISBN 0 521 64519 0 (pbk.) 1. Africa, French-speaking Equatorial – History – 1884–1960. 2. Africa, French-speaking Equatorial – History – 1960– 3. Africa, French-speaking West – History – 1884–1960 4. Africa, French-speaking West – History – 1960– I. Title DT532.5.M36 1988 [email protected] – dc19 87-26550 ISBN 0 521 64255 8 hardback ISBN 0 521 64519 0 paperback Contents List of illustrations page -
French Colonialism Unmasked
FRENCH C OLONIALISM UNMASKED The Vichy Years in French West Africa R U T H G I N I O 1 French Colonialism Unmasked 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 [First Page] 12 13 [-1], (1) 14 15 Lines: 0 to 11 16 17 ——— 18 * 507.0pt PgVar ——— 19 Normal Page 20 * PgEnds: PageBreak 21 22 23 [-1], (1) 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 BOB — University of Nebraska Press / Page i / / French Colonialism Unmasked / Ruth Ginio 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 [-2], (2) 14 15 Lines: 11 to 40 16 17 ——— 18 * 382.4pt PgVar ——— 19 Normal Page 20 * PgEnds: Eject 21 22 23 [-2], (2) 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 France Overseas: 32 Studies in Empire 33 and Decolonization 34 35 series editors 36 Philip Boucher 37 38 A. J. B. Johnston 39 James D. Le Sueur 40 Tyler Stovall BOB — University of Nebraska Press / Page ii / / French Colonialism Unmasked / Ruth Ginio 1 2 3 ruth ginio 4 5 6 7 French Colonialism Unmasked 8 9 The Vichy Years in French West Africa 10 11 12 13 [-3], (3) 14 15 Lines: 40 to 59 16 17 ——— 18 * 104.0pt PgVar ——— 19 Normal Page 20 * PgEnds: PageBreak 21 22 23 [-3], (3) 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 University of Nebraska Press 32 Lincoln and London 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 BOB — University of Nebraska Press / Page iii / / French Colonialism Unmasked / Ruth Ginio 1 © 2006 by the Board of Regents 2 of the University of Nebraska 3 All rights reserved Manufactured in the 4 United States of America 5 ⅜ϱ 6 7 Library of Congress 8 Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ginio, Ruth, 1966– 9 French colonialism unmasked: the 10 Vichy years in French West Africa 11 / Ruth Ginio. -
SLAVERY, ISLAM and DIASPORA Africa World Press
SLAVERY, ISLAM AND DIASPORA AFRICA WORLD PRESS Publications in Association with the Harriet Tubman Institute for Research on the Global Migrations of African Peoples Toyin Falola and Paul E. Lovejoy, eds., Pawnship, Slavery and Colonial- ism in Africa, 2003 Donald G. Simpson, Under the North Star: Black Communities in Upper Canada before Confederation (1867), 2005 Paul E. Lovejoy, Slavery, Commerce and Production in West Africa: Slave Society in the Sokoto Caliphate, 2005 Paul E. Lovejoy, Ecology and Ethnography of Muslim Trade in West Africa, 2005 Naana Opoku-Agyemang, Paul E. Lovejoy and David Trotman, eds., Africa and Trans-Atlantic Memories: Literary and Aesthetic Manifesta- tions of Diaspora and History, 2008 Boubacar Barry, Livio Sansone, and Elisée Soumonni, eds., Africa, Brazil, and the Construction of Trans-Atlantic Black Identities, 2008 Carolyn Brown and Paul E. Lovejoy, eds., Repercussions of the Atlantic Slave Trade: The Interior of the Bight of Biafra and the African Diaspora, 2009 Behnaz Asl Mirzai, Ismael Musah Montana, and Paul E. Lovejoy, eds., Slavery, Islam and Diaspora, 2009 Ana Lucia Araujo, Mariana Pinho Cândido and Paul E. Lovejoy, eds., Crossing Memories: Slavery and African Diaspora, 2009 SLAVERY, ISLAM AND DIASPORA Behnaz A. Mirzai, Ismael Musah Montana and Paul E. Lovejoy Copyright © 2009 Behnaz A. Mirzai, Ismael Musah Montana and Paul E. Lovejoy First Printing 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Book design: Saverance Publishing Services Cover design: Ashraful Haque Cover artwork: “North African man in travelling costume”, ca. -
New Imperialism and the Legal Disentanglement of Dichotomies
New Imperialism and the Legal Disentanglement of Dichotomies New Imperialism and the Legal Disentanglement of Dichotomies This thesis will, firstly, construct the factual and legal fundaments on which the (research of the) master thesis rests, by defining New Imperialism and analyzing its factual and legal implications in practice. Secondly, it analyzes the legal doctrine with regard to colonialism, more specifically, New Imperialism in the framework of the law of nations in the second half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. In this respect, a special focus will be laid on the relation between the colonizing power and the peoples on the newly discovered, conquered and occupied territories. And, thirdly, it (partly) deconstructs the leading and determining dichotomy in international law between the civilized and non-civilized world in the second half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. Addressing the strengths and weaknesses of several dichotomies, like naturalism v. positivism, civilization v. non-civilization and territorial sovereignty v. private property of land, will be the central issue throughout the thesis. Master thesis prepared for the „Research Master in Law‟ Supervisor: Prof. Dr. R.C.H. Lesaffer Written by Mieke van der Linden Education: Research Master in Law (two-years-variant) ANR: 223364 E-mail: [email protected] Date: 28th of June, 2010 1 New Imperialism and the Legal Disentanglement of Dichotomies Preface The underlying Master Thesis forms part of a broader PhD research project, which is still in a preliminary stage and bears the following title: Dominium and Imperium in the Treaty Practice of the Age of New Imperialism in the Heart of the African Continent (1870-1914): State Responsibility for Grave Historical Injustices. -
European Territorial Claims on the Coasts of the Red Sea, and Its Southern Approaches, in 1885 Author(S): Rawson W
European Territorial Claims on the Coasts of the Red Sea, and Its Southern Approaches, in 1885 Author(s): Rawson W. Rawson Source: Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, Vol. 7, No. 2 (Feb., 1885), pp. 93-119 Published by: Wiley on behalf of The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1800296 Accessed: 27-06-2016 04:34 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Wiley, The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography This content downloaded from 128.197.26.12 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 04:34:32 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms ( 93 ) European Territorial Claims on the Coasts of the Bed Sea, and its Southern Approaches, in 1885. By Sir Eawson W. Eawson, k.c.m.g. Map, p. 136. Much has been said, written, and ignorantly repeated concerning the occupation of various localities in the Eed Sea, and at its southern entrance, but very little is generally known as to the real position of European authority in these parts.