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Telecommunications Act of 1996 UNDERSTANDING THE PUBLIC SWITCHED TELEPHONE NETWORK AUTOMATIC NUMBER IDENTIFICATION. IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION DIGITS (ANI.. 11) ................................................................................................................... 34 Section 3 - Switching Impacts .................................................................................................. 35 EQUAL ACCESS END OFFICES (EAEO) ......................................................................... 35 TOLL SWITCHES FOR IXCs ............................................................................................. 35 MULTIPLE LD NETWORKS .............................................................................................. 35 LONG DISTANCE NETWORK TOPOGRAPHY .............................................................. 35 SIGNALING CHANGES ..................................................................................................... 36 TOLL FREE NUMBERS ...................................................................................................... 36 ROUTING REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................. 36 AMA REQUIREMENTS...................................................................................................... 37 INTRALATA COMPETITION ............................................................................................ 37 CANADIAN EQUAL ACCESS ........................................................................................... 38 CUSTOM LOCAL AREA SIGNALING SERVICES (CLASS) ......................................... 38 CMRS INTERCONNECTION.. ............................................................................................. 38 Section 4 -Billing Impacts ....................................................................................................... 38 Section 5 - Non-tangible Consequences .................................................................................... 38 THE PRESENT - 1996 - 2004 ..................................................................................................... 39 Section 1 - Regulatory ............................................................................................................... 39 TELECOMMUNICATIONSACT OF 1996 (TA-96) .......................................................... 39 TA-96 IMPACT ON THE KINGSBURY COMMITMENT ............................................... 40 Section 2 - Numbering Impacts ................................................................................................ 40 CONTRACT NUMBERING ADMINISTRATION ............................................................ 40 LOCAL NUMBER PORTABILITY .................................................................................... 41 LOCATION ROUTING NUMBER (LRN) .......................................................................... 41 THOUSANDS-BLOCK.. POOLING ..................................................................................... 41 Section 3 - Switching Impacts .................................................................................................. 42 MULTIPLE LOCAL NETWORKS...................................................................................... 42 ROUTING REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................. 42 AMA REQUIREMENTS.. ...................................................................................................... 42 Section 4 -Billing Impacts ....................................................................................................... 43 Section 5 - Non-tangible Consequences .................................................................................... 43 Section 6 - Growth Through Acquisition and Mergers ............................................................ 43 ... Section 7 - Competition in All Levels ...................................................................................... 43 THE FUTURE - BEYOND 2004 ................................................................................................. 44 Section 1 - Numbering.. .............................................................................................................. 44 Section 2 - Switching - VoIP .................................................................................................... 44 Section 3 -Responsibility for Change ...................................................................................... 45 Section 4 - End User Impacts ................................................................................................... 45 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................ 46 Section 1 - Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 48 THE REAL ISSUE ................................................................................................................ 48 THE CLASH ......................................................................................................................... 49 CONSEQUENCES ............................................................................................................... 50 RECOMMENDED SURGERY ............................................................................................ 51 Section 2 - The Answer ............................................................................................................ 52 version 1.00 Page 4 of 63 February 2004 UNDERSTANDING THE PUBLIC SWITCHED TELEPHONE NETWORK Appendix .Reference Tables and Figures ................................................................................... 53 TABLE 1: NANP ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................... 53 TABLE 2: STRUCTURE OF THE ITU RECOMMENDATION E.164 NUMBER FIELDS:53 TABLE 3: COMMON WIRELINE CUSTOMER DIALED PREFIXES AND ACCESS CODES FOR ORIGINATING CALLS .................................................................................... 53 TABLE 4: PLAN ORIGINATING CALL TYPES AND CONVENTIONS ........................... 54 TABLE 5: 11X CODES (Used in SXS offices) ........................................................................ 55 TABLE 6: N11 CODES ............................................................................................................ 55 TABLE 7: NO0 CODES ............................................................................................................ 55 TABLE 8: DUAL TONE MULTI-FREQUENCY SIGNALING ............................................ 55 TABLE 9: ADDITIONAL NUMBERING NEEDS OF CMRS SERVICE PROVIDERS ...... 56 FIGURE 1 NATIONAL TOLL DIALING PLAN ................................................................... 57 FIGURE 2 EQUAL ACCESS TOLL DIALING PLAN (POST MFJ) ..................................... 58 FIGURE 3 TOLL AND LOCAL DIALING PLAN POST (TA 96) ........................................ 59 FIGURE 4 HYBRID INTERWORKING NETWORK ............................................................ 60 Glossary of Terms ......................................................................................................................... 61 Bibliography and Illustrations....................................................................................................... 63 Version 1.00 Page 5 of 61 February 2004 UNDERSTANDING THE PUBLIC SWITCHED TELEPHONE NETWORK DEDICATION Tom Brokaw defined them as “America’s Finest Generation”. They came home from fighting World War I1 and built the finest telephone network in the world. It is in their memory that I dedicate this document. Version 1 .OO Page 6 of 63 February 2004 UNDERSTANDING THE PUBLIC SWITCHED TELEPHONE NETWORK About the Author Author’s Introduction David Bench has t has been over 125 years since the spent over 38 years Iinvention of the telephone. The original in the telephone industry. telephone was a simple device that operated Prior to his employment on Direct Current (DC). The telephone has at Nortel Networks, he evolved and has become a normal way ,of worked for a long- life and an expected appliance in our homes, distance company, two large independent offices and even on our persons. Millions of holding companies, and a Bell Operating people have used the telephone without Company. While employed by Alltel, he thought or worry about its functions or its served as a consultant for Alltel Middle East reliability. It is the one appliance, in the and provided consulting services to Mobile home, that people never worried about. If it Telephone Systems of Kuwait. He also broke, or ceased to function, the phone taught Traffic Engineering for the United company fixed or replaced it. Most people States Independent Telephone Association lived their lives thinking that there is only (USITA) for three summers at Michigan one “phone company”. In the, late 1960s, State’University. He also served on the Ernestine, a character on Laugh In, indicated USlTA Traffic Engineering Committee. she was from “The Phone Company”. In the ’ movie, “The President’s Ahalyst, the While at Nortel Networks, David has been antagonist worked for TTC (The Telephone part of DMS1100 Systems Engineering, Company). In reality there were hundreds DMS-10 Product Marketing, US Standards of telephone companies. All of these Management and now, Strategic Standards. telephone companies completed calls to the rest of ‘the world through l&g distance . , David is an authority
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