Mcpherson Precinct Structure Plan (PSP 1055): Targeted Heritage Review of St Germains (HO16), Southside Lodge (HO130) and Herita

Final Report McPherson Precinct Structure Plan (PSP 1055): Targeted Heritage Review of St Germains (HO16), Southside Lodge (HO130) and Heritage Assessment of 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North, Victoria

Client Metropolitan Planning Authority 11 November 2015

Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd

Authors Sylvana Szydzik, Rick Bullers and Bradley Ward

MELBOURNE: 292 Mt Alexander Road Ascot Vale VIC 3056 GEELONG: PO Box 8048 Newtown VIC 3220 BRISBANE: Level 22, 127 Creek Street Brisbane QLD 4000 ADELAIDE: 8 Greenhill Road Wayville SA 5034 CANBERRA: PO Box 6067, O’Connor ACT 2602 www.ehpartners.com.au | (03) 9377 0100 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank the following organisations for their contribution to the project:  Metropolitan Planning Authority for project and site information.  Heritage Victoria.

Cover Photo: St Germains (HO16), Southside Lodge (HO130) and 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North (Photo by Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd)

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 ii DOCUMENT CONTROL

McPherson Precinct Structure Plan (PSP 1055): Targeted Heritage Review of St Germains (HO16), Activity Southside Lodge (HO130) and Heritage Assessment of 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North St Germains (HO16) at 95 McCormacks Road, Clyde North, Southside Lodge (HO130) at 465 Address Pattersons Road, Clyde North, and 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North, Victoria Project number 6837 Project manager Sylvana Szydzik Report author(s) Sylvana Szydzik, Rick Bullers and Bradley Ward Report reviewer Oona Nicolson Other EHP staff N/A Mapping Monique Elsley File name 6837_McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde and Clyde North_Finalv2_RB_11112015 Client Metropolitan Planning Authority Bioregion Gippsland Plain CMA Port Phillip and Westernport Council City of Casey

Report versions Comments Comments updated by Date submitted Draft v1 Draft for internal QA review - 04.06.2015 Draft v2 Draft to client for comment Sylvana Szydzik 12.06.2015 Final v1 Final report to client Rick Bullers 3.08.2015 Final v2 Revised Final report to client Rick Bullers 11.11.2015

Copyright © Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd This document is subject to copyright and may only be used for the purposes for which it was commissioned. The use or copying of this document in whole or part without the permission of Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd is an infringement of copyright.

Disclaimer Although Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd have taken all the necessary steps to ensure that an accurate document has been prepared, the company accepts no liability for any damages or loss incurred as a result of reliance placed upon the report and its contents.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 iii ABBREVIATIONS

Acronym Description Act, the Heritage Act 1995 CHA Cultural Heritage Advisor CHL Commonwealth Heritage List CMA Catchment Management Authority CMP Conservation Management Plan DEPI Department of Environment and Primary Industries (Victoria) DoE Department of the Environment (Commonwealth) DPC Department of the Premier and Cabinet (Victoria) DTPLI Department of Transport, Planning and Local Infrastructure (Victoria) EES Environment Effects Statement EPBC Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 HHA Historical Heritage Assessment HO Heritage Overlay HV Heritage Victoria MPA Metropolitan Planning Authority NES National Environmental Significance NHL National Heritage List NTR National Trust Register (Victoria) PSP Precinct Structure Plan RNE Register of the National Estate SLV State Library of Victoria VHI Victorian Heritage Inventory VHR Victorian Heritage Register VWHI Victorian War Heritage Inventory WHL World Heritage List

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd was commissioned by the Metropolitan Planning Authority (MPA) to prepare a Targeted Heritage Review of two properties and a Heritage Assessment of one property within the McPherson Precinct Structure Plan (PSP 1055). Two of these properties are listed on the Heritage Overlay of the Casey Planning Scheme: St Germains (HO16) at 95 McCormacks Road, Clyde North; and Southside Lodge (HO130) at 465 Pattersons Road, Clyde. The third property, located at 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North, is not currently listed on any heritage register, but was observed by the MPA as part of their site investigation (Map 1). The Targeted Heritage Review aimed to review the current statements of significance of the two existing Heritage Overlay sites, HO16 and HO130, and provide a statement of significance for 10 Smiths Lane, if heritage significance assessment was justified, as no previous heritage assessment has been conducted. The significance statements would outline significant elements of these places, as well as providing appropriate curtilage requirements and management recommendations for all three.

Methods

The heritage review consisted of a background assessment and a site inspection. The background assessment consisted of searches of available documentary evidence to establish the historical development of the three places and any historical associations, including relevant heritage registers and databases, previous historical and archaeological publications and unpublished reports, and a review of the environmental context of the study area, as well as consultation with Council, landowners and Heritage Victoria.

The site inspection consisted of a physical assessment of the three properties to identify significant heritage fabric and features.

Results

St Germains (HO16)

St Germains (HO16) comprises a late Victorian Italianate dwelling constructed c.1890 and a remnant ornamental landscape of mature tree plantings, located at 95 McCormacks Road, Clyde North (Map 2a). The dwelling was constructed by Alexander Patterson, an early landholder, described as one of the most influential men in the Cranbourne district. Site inspection indicated that the dwelling appears to have retained the structural features present in 1975 photographs and the two previous heritage assessments. Other features noted in the immediate surrounds of St Germains include a chain of dams to the north and north east of the dwelling, farm sheds to the east, a circular driveway to the immediate north, rose garden to the immediate west, a swimming pool and conservatory to the immediate east and a garage and tennis court to the immediate south of the dwelling. These features are not considered to be associated with the values

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 v the site was originally listed for, and therefore, are not considered to form part of the heritage values of the place.

A significance assessment was prepared by Context (2004b); the site was assessed to be of local significance to the City of Casey for the following reasons:  Historically, HO16 is significant for the relative age and size of the dwelling and the association with early pastoral history of the region. HO16 provides a representative example of a substantial rural homestead of the pastoral era. HO16 is also of historical significance as the residence of locally prominent figure Alexander Patterson, and the association with other members of the regionally important Patterson family (Criterion A, D and H).  Aesthetically, HO16 is significant as a representative example of a late Victorian Italianate residence set in remnant ornamental garden (Criterion E).

A subsequent assessment by Barker and Hislop (2012) recommended increasing the curtilage substantially to incorporate the ornamental lake to the north of the homestead so as to retain views to and from the homestead. It is the conclusion of the current assessment that the existing curtilage of HO16 be amended to include only those items considered to encapsulate the listed heritage values of the place, including the removal of sheds to the east (Map 3a), but include the two ornamental palm trees west of the rose garden. Whilst Barker and Hislop’s recommended curtilage included the ornamental lake to the north, incorporating views to and from the homestead, it is considered unnecessary to include the lake within the heritage curtilage as it is a relatively modern construct and does not directly contribute to the listed heritage values of the place. The retention of views can be better protected by the establishment of a regional reserve/conservation area under the PSP process. Southside Lodge (HO130) Southside Lodge (HO130), formerly ‘Kurrajong’, comprises two Kurrajong trees (Brachychiton populneus) located in the southern corner of the property at 465 Pattersons Road, Clyde North (Map 2b). When originally identified in the 1998 assessment (Butler and Associates), the listing also included a timber hipped and gabled roof house with a veranda and Hawthorn hedges immediately north of the Kurrajong trees. The site inspection confirmed the presence of the two Kurrajong trees and the absence of the timber dwelling, identified in a review of aerial photography. As the timber dwelling and hedges are no longer present, they are not considered to form part of the heritage values of the place any longer. Though archaeological deposits associated with the dwelling may remain, no visible surface evidence of the dwelling remains. The site was assessed to be of local significance to the City of Casey for the following reason:  Aesthetically, HO130 is significant as a rare example of the Kurrajong tree (Brachychiton populneus) within the City of Casey, and the pairing of the two trees either side of the entry to the former dwelling (Criterion E). The former statement of significance prepared by Butler and Associates (1998: 73-74) included potential historic significance of the timber dwelling and Hawthorn hedges for their association with the Cadd family, an early pioneering family of Cranbourne. Given the dwelling and hedges no longer remain, the statement of significance has been revised to omit these features.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 vi The Meadows, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North The Meadows, located at 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North, comprises an early to mid-Victorian brick dwelling, constructed in the mid-nineteenth century (Map 2c). Though the dwelling is currently set in a garden of planted exotic and indigenous trees, due to their recent age (post 1980s), these are not considered to be associated with the heritage values the site.

The site was assessed to be of local significance to the City of Casey for the following reasons:  Historically, The Meadows, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North is significant for the early age of the dwelling, its association with the early pastoral history of the region and as the residence of Terence O’Connor, a prominent pastoral pioneer of the region (Criterion A and H).

Summary of Management Recommendations

St Germains (HO16) Recommendation 1: St Germains (HO16) be retained

It is recommended St Germains (HO16) be retained and incorporated into the McPherson Precinct Structure Plan. The retention of this place provides the opportunity to enhance the proposed development by reflecting the region’s early pastoral character.

Recommendation 2: Amendment of existing Heritage Overly Curtilage of HO16 It is recommended the curtilage of St Germains (HO16) be amended to include the home paddock at the south, east and west (Map 3a) and follow uncomplicated and easily recognised boundary lines, including some existing fencelines. The proposed curtilage is defined as follows:  The northern boundary is defined by northernmost point of historic driveway (follows existing HO);  The eastern boundary is defined by the easternmost point of the driveway;

 The southern boundary is defined by existing fence lines and the branch point of the driveway; and  The western boundary is defined by the western edge of a Tree Protection Zone for the western palm (Phoenix canariensis), defined by a 5m radius from the centre of the trunk.

The proposed curtilage will include the immediate home paddock, encompassing the dwelling as well as the remnant ornamental garden surrounding the dwelling and palm trees to the west. This will ensure preservation of all features identified as significant.

Recommendation 3: Establishment of a Conservation Area Part of the appeal of St Germains is its setting. Retention of open space to the north of the dwelling, including views to and from the dwelling, will enhance the aesthetics of the place by helping to preserve a sense of open space, interpreting its function as a pastoral homestead. These views are not considered to directly contribute to the significance values of the place. Therefore it is recommended that these values be protected within Conservation Area 36 (see below).

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 vii Recommendation 4: Planning Guidelines in Proximity to HO16 Part of the property is affected by Conservation Area 36 under the Biodiversity Conservation Strategy for Melbourne’s Growth Corridors (BCS) (Department of Environment and Primary Industries 2013). Under the BCS there is an expectation that a large regional park will be established on the land surrounding the homestead to the north, east and west. No urban development is permitted inside Conservation Area 36.

Should urban development approach the curtilage of St Germains (HO16), planning guidelines should seek to retain a sense of open space around the place, which will assist in interpreting the associations of the heritage place with its pastoral/farming origins. Guidelines should be developed for any development that abuts the Heritage Overlay polygon boundary. Such guidelines should specify design requirements for appropriate height, setbacks and presentation of developments which face the heritage place that contribute to that sense of open space.

Recommendation 5: Conservation Management Plan for HO16 It is recommended a Conservation Management Plan (CMP) be prepared for St Germains (HO16) prior to the subdivision of the property in which it is located.

The CMP should be prepared by a heritage architect or another appropriate heritage professional. The CMP will identify the heritage values and significance of HO16 in further detail than the current assessment, and will be the principal guiding document for future decisions about the conservation, management and use of HO16. Recommendation 6: Compatible Future Uses for HO16 Without pre-empting the recommendations of a CMP, compatible future uses may include ongoing residential occupation, or non-industrial light commercial enterprises such as low-key accommodation (e.g. bed and breakfast), a community centre or restaurant similar to the adaptive re-use of ‘Eynesbury’ homestead near the Werribee River.

Southside Lodge (HO130, formerly ‘Kurrajong’) Recommendation 1: HO130 be Retained It is recommended that HO130 be retained and incorporated into the McPherson Precinct Structure Plan, and renamed as ‘Kurrajong Trees’. Recommendation 2: Reduction of existing Heritage Overly Curtilage of HO130 It is recommended that the Heritage Overlay Curtilage for HO130 be reduced from the current extent (comprising the whole of the property; Map 2b) to include only the features identified to be of significance (Section 5.3): the two Kurrajong trees. The heritage place is therefore recommended to include only the two Kurrajong trees, the land beneath and beyond the outer edge of the canopy of the trees extending another 10 m (Map 3b). This assessment considers the revision of the curtilage will not impact the significance nor the heritage values identified for this place.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 viii Recommendation 3: Planning Guidelines in Proximity to HO130 Should urban development approach the curtilage of HO130, planning guidelines should seek to retain the trees’ use as an ‘entrance-border’, which will assist in interpreting the associations of the heritage place with its former function. Guidelines should be developed for any development that abuts the Heritage Overlay polygon boundary. Such guidelines should specify design requirements for appropriate height, setbacks and presentation of developments which face the heritage place that contribute to that entrance border function. Any ground disturbance works should be cognisant of the trees’ root zone and works should be designed to ensure that no detrimental impacts to the trees occur either above or below ground.

Recommendation 4: No further works in relation to archaeological potential The field inspection did not identify any evidence of the timber dwelling that that formed part of the original heritage citation for HO130. Therefore, it is considered the condition of any remaining archaeological deposits at the location of this dwelling is unlikely to be of sufficient quality to meet the thresholds for inclusion of this place on the Victorian Heritage Inventory. The Meadows, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North

Recommendation 1: The Meadows, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North be retained It is recommended The Meadows, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North be retained and incorporated into the McPherson Precinct Structure Plan. The retention of this place provides the opportunity to enhance the proposed development by reflecting the region’s early pastoral character. Recommendation 2: Inclusion of The Meadows, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North on the Heritage Overlay of Casey Planning Scheme

It is recommended The Meadows, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North be subject to a Heritage Overlay in the Casey Planning Scheme. The recommended curtilage for this place is a polygon that includes the dwelling and associated land extending for a distance of 20 m from the dwelling (Map 3c).

Recommendation 3: Planning Guidelines in Proximity to The Meadows Should urban development approach the curtilage of The Meadows, planning guidelines should seek to retain a sense of open space around the place, which will assist in interpreting the associations of the heritage place with its pastoral/farming origins. Guidelines should be developed for any development that abuts the Heritage Overlay polygon boundary. Such guidelines should specify design requirements for appropriate height, setbacks and presentation of developments which face the heritage place that contribute to that sense of open space. Recommendation 4: Conservation Management Plan for The Meadows It is recommended a Conservation Management Plan (CMP) be prepared for The Meadows, 10 Smiths Lane, prior to the subdivision of the property in which it is located. The CMP should be prepared by a heritage architect or another appropriate heritage professional. The CMP will identify the heritage values and significance of the building in further detail, and will be the principal guiding document for future decisions about the conservation, management and use of the place.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 ix Recommendation 5: Compatible Future Uses for The Meadows Without pre-empting the recommendations of a CMP, compatible future uses may include ongoing residential occupation, or non-industrial light commercial enterprises such as low-key accommodation (e.g. bed and breakfast) or a café or restaurant.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 x CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION...... 1 1.1 Background and Scope of Works ...... 1 1.2 Name of Cultural Heritage Advisors...... 2 1.3 Aboriginal Heritage ...... 2

1.4 Location ...... 2 1.5 Proposed Activity ...... 3 1.6 Name of Client ...... 3

1.7 Name of Owners and Occupiers ...... 3 1.8 Report Review and Distribution...... 3 1.9 Heritage Legislation ...... 3

2 ST GERMAINS (HO16) ...... 4 2.1 Historical Context...... 4 2.1.1 Aboriginal History...... 4

2.1.2 Pastoralism and Settlement...... 4 2.1.3 Land Title Holders ...... 5 2.2 Database Searches...... 13

2.3 Previous Assessments...... 14 2.4 Current Curtilage ...... 16 2.5 Review of Aerial Imagery ...... 17

2.6 Site Inspection...... 19 3 SOUTHSIDE LODGE (HO130) ...... 23 3.1 Historical Context...... 23

3.1.1 Aboriginal History...... 23 3.1.2 Pastoralism and Settlement...... 23 3.1.3 Land Title Holders ...... 24

3.3 Previous Assessment...... 27 3.4 Current Curtilage ...... 28 3.5 Review of Aerial Imagery ...... 28

3.6 Site Inspection...... 30

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 xi 4 ‘THE MEADOWS’, 10 SMITHS LANE, CLYDE NORTH...... 31 4.1 Background Review/historical context...... 31 4.1.1 Aboriginal History...... 31

4.1.2 Pastoralism and Settlement...... 31 4.1.3 Land Title Holders ...... 33 4.2 Database Searches...... 36

4.3 Previous Assessment...... 36 4.4 Current Curtilage ...... 37 4.5 Review of Aerial Imagery ...... 37

5 REVISED STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE ...... 43 5.1 Assessing Cultural Significance...... 43 5.2 Cultural Heritage Significance of St Germains (HO16) ...... 44

5.3 Cultural Heritage Significance of Southside Lodge (HO130, formerly ‘Kurrajong’)...... 44 5.4 Cultural Heritage Significance of The Meadows, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North ...... 45 6 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 46

6.1 St Germains (HO16) ...... 46 6.2 Southside Lodge (HO130, formerly ‘Kurrajong’) ...... 47 6.3 The Meadows, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North ...... 48

MAPS ...... 49 APPENDICES ...... 57 REFERENCES...... 65

Appendices

Appendix 1: Heritage Legislation ...... 58 Appendix 2: Significance Assessment...... 61 Appendix 3: Glossary ...... 63

Tables Table 1: Owners and Occupiers ...... 3

Table 2: Leaseholders of St Germains (Spreadborough and Anderson 1983: 183; Billis and Kenyon 1932: 246) ...... 5

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 xii Table 3: Summary of Historical Land Ownership of at 95 McCormacks Road, Clyde North (Source: Certificate of Title, Dept. of Lands)...... 10

Table 4: Heritage Databases ...... 13 Table 5: Leaseholders of St Germains (Spreadborough and Anderson 1983: 183; Billis and Kenyon 1932: 246) ...... 24

Table 6: Summary of Historical Land Ownership of at 465 Pattersons Road, Clyde North (Source: Certificate of Title, Dept. of Lands)...... 26 Table 7: Heritage Databases ...... 26

Table 8: Summary of Historical Land Ownership of at 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North (Source: Certificate of Title, Dept. of Lands)...... 35 Table 9: Heritage Databases ...... 36

Table 10: Heritage Criteria...... 43

Figures

Figure 1: St Germains Run (Source: BPHS 1982: 4)...... 5 Figure 2: Alexander Patterson (Gunson :79)...... 6 Figure 3: Excerpt from a 1937 Parish map, approximate location of St Germains (HO16) shown by red circle (State Library of Victoria 2015a) ...... 9 Figure 4: Excerpt from a 1948 Parish of Cranbourne Map, approximate location of St Germains (HO16) shown by red circle, within Alexander Patterson’s property (State Library of Victoria 2015b) ...... 9

Figure 5: View south west over front entrance of ‘St Germains’, 1975 (State Library of Victoria 2015c)...... 11 Figure 6: View south east over the front entrance of ‘St Germains’, 1975 (State Library of Victoria 2015c) .. 11 Figure 7: View north west over rear of ‘St Germains’, 1975 (State Library of Victoria 2015c)...... 11

Figure 8: View east over west wing of ‘St Germains’, 1975 (State Library of Victoria 2015c)...... 12 Figure 9: View west over east wing of ‘St Germains’, 1975 (State Library of Victoria 2015c)...... 12 Figure 10: View over former stable and outbuildings, since demolished, 1975 (State Library of Victoria 2015c)...... 12 Figure 11: View south over front doorway of ‘St Germains’, 1975 (State Library of Victoria 2015c)...... 13 Figure 12: View north west over rear courtyard of ‘St Germains’, showing domed well, 1975 (State Library of Victoria 2015c)...... 13 Figure 13: Draft map showing current curtilage of HO16 in purple and the new curtilage as proposed by Barker and Hislop (2012) in pink...... 16

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 xiii Figure 14: 1964 Aerial Image showing original alignment of driveway, a row of planted trees south and west of the dwelling, and associated farm sheds to the east (Melbourne 1963 Project, Run 35) ...... 17

Figure 15: 1980 Aerial Image (Department of Crown Lands and Survey, Cranbourne 7921-1/80, Run 8) ...... 18 Figure 16: 1991 Aerial Image (Melbourne 1991 Project, Run 31)...... 18 Figure 17: 2002 Google Earth Image showing extension of the dam system north of dwelling, new alignment of the driveway, and the construction of the pool to the east and garage to the south (Google Earth 2015) 19 Figure 18: 2006 Google Earth Image showing established rose garden west of the dwelling (Google Earth 2015)...... 19

Figure 19: Excerpt from a 1937 Parish map, showing Crown Allotment 69C in red circle (State Library of Victoria 2015a)...... 25 Figure 20: Excerpt from a 1948 Parish of Cranbourne Map showing Thomas Cadd’s property (State Library of Victoria 2015b) ...... 25 Figure 21: 1964 Aerial Image showing outline of property and the current extent of HO103 in red, and the Kurrajong trees and timber dwelling in red circle in the southern corner of the property (Melbourne 1963 Project, Run 35) ...... 28 Figure 22: 2004 Google Earth Image showing outline of property and the current extent of HO103 in red, and the Kurrajong trees and timber dwelling outlined in red in the southern corner of the property (Google Earth 2015)...... 29 Figure 23: 2006 Google Earth Image showing outline of property and the current extent of HO103 in red, and the Kurrajong trees outlined in red in the southern corner of the property (Google Earth 2015) ...... 29

Figure 24: Cardinia Creek Runs (Source: BPHS 1982: 4)...... 32 Figure 25: Excerpt from a 1937 Parish map, approximate location of ‘The Meadows’ shown by red circle (State Library of Victoria 2015a) ...... 34

Figure 26: Excerpt from a 1948 Parish of Cranbourne Map, approximate location of ‘The Meadows’ shown by red circle, within Terence O’Connor’s property (State Library of Victoria 2015b)...... 34 Figure 27: 1964 Aerial Image showing location of The Meadows in red square, note the absence of associated outbuildings and limited vegetation immediately surrounding the dwelling (Melbourne 1963 Project, Run 35) ...... 37 Figure 28: 1980 Aerial Image showing location of The Meadows in red square (Department of Crown Lands and Survey, Cranbourne 7921-1/80, Run 8) ...... 38 Figure 29: 1991 Aerial Image showing location of The Meadows in red square (Melbourne 1991 Project, Run 31)...... 38

Figure 30: 2006 Google Earth image showing location of The Meadows in red square...... 39 Figure 31: 2010 Google Earth image showing development of the riding school and the location of ‘The Meadows’ in red square ...... 39

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 xiv Plates Plate 1: View south over homestead ...... 20

Plate 2: View south over front entrance to homestead...... 20 Plate 3: View north across rear courtyard ...... 21 Plate 4: Farm sheds and large oak tree east of homestead...... 21

Plate 5: Trellis walkway, pool and paved area east of homestead...... 21 Plate 6: Rose garden to west of homestead ...... 21 Plate 7: Two palms west of the rose garden, looking south ...... 21

Plate 8: View of palms looking east towards the ornamental garden and house...... 21 Plate 9: Driveway entrance and garage south of homestead ...... 22 Plate 10: View north east over northern dam, showing the bluestone feature...... 22

Plate 11: View north over the two Kurrajong trees, showing former location of dwelling to right of the horse shed in the background ...... 30 Plate 12: View north over the two Kurrajong trees ...... 30

Plate 13: View east over the two Kurrajong trees...... 30 Plate 14: View north over the two Kurrajong trees showing former driveway...... 30 Plate 15: View south west over front of dwelling ...... 40

Plate 16: View south east over western side of dwelling...... 40 Plate 17: Front door of dwelling ...... 41 Plate 18: Sash window along front of dwelling...... 41

Plate 19: View north west over eastern side of dwelling...... 41 Plate 20: View north east over rear of dwelling ...... 41 Plate 21: View north east over garage at rear of dwelling...... 42

Plate 22: View north over replanted garden in front of dwelling ...... 42 Plate 23: View along roof of front veranda...... 42 Plate 24: Roofing slate identified in the garden surrounding the dwelling...... 42

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 xv Maps Map 1: Location of St Germains (HO16), Southside Lodge (HO130) and 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North within the McPherson PSP...... 50 Map 2: Current Curtilage of St Germains (HO16), Southside Lodge (HO130) and extent of 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde ...... 51

Map 3: Proposed Curtilage of St Germains (HO16), Southside Lodge (HO130) The Meadows, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde ...... 54

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 xvi 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background and Scope of Works

Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd was commissioned by the Metropolitan Planning Authority (MPA) to prepare a Targeted Heritage Review of two properties and Heritage Assessment of one property within the McPherson Precinct Structure Plan (PSP 1055). Two of these properties are listed on the Heritage Overlay of the Casey Planning Scheme: St Germains (HO16) at 95 McCormacks Road, Clyde North; and Southside Lodge (HO130) at 465 Pattersons Road, Clyde. The third property, located at 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North, is not currently listed on any heritage register, but was observed by the MPA as part of their site investigation (Map 1).

The project brief agreed upon by Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd and Metropolitan Planning Authority is as follows:  A review of the Statements of Significance previously prepared for HO16 and HO130 and any associated heritage assessments for the properties. This will include:

o the Casey Heritage Study (2004); o the draft Heritage Assessment for St Germains, 95 McCormacks Rd, Clyde North (Heritage Insight, 2012); and

o any other known and available heritage assessments previously undertaken.  An assessment of the heritage significance of the homestead and associated vegetation at the Oakwood Riding School, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North;  A review of the National Heritage List (NHL), Victorian Heritage Register (VHR), Victorian Heritage Inventory (VHI) and the National Trust of Australia (Victoria) register to identify any current listings associated with these sites and obtain copies of any studies carried out within the area;  A review of the Casey Thematic Environmental History and its applicability to the three places;  Consultation with Council, landowners and Heritage Victoria (if relevant)to discuss any heritage issues that are known by these stakeholder groups to exist within the three sites;  A review of available documentary evidence to establish the historical development of the three places (including changes to the heritage fabric) and any historical associations. This will include:

o Discussions with current landowners (and previous landowners where those details are available);

o A review of any Council plans (where available), regarding any material changes to the fabric of the properties;

o A review of historical mapping and digitised photographs (as held by the State Library, Public Records Office and City of Casey);

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 1 o Consultation with local heritage societies (Berwick Pakenham and Cranbourne Shire Historical Societies); and

o Relevant and available secondary references (local history books); and  A brief review of the land use of the subject site, including Aboriginal land use practices, and cultural landscape analysis;

 A physical assessment of HO16, HO130 and the dwelling at 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North to identify significant heritage fabric (where land access is available); and  Preparation of a report detailing the results of the assessment, revised statements of significance for the existing Heritage Overlay sites HO16 and HO130, and a statement of significance, if justified, for 10 Smiths Lane, including what is and is not significant, appropriate curtilage requirements and management recommendations for each place.

1.2 Name of Cultural Heritage Advisors

This report was prepared by Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd Archaeologists and Heritage Advisors Sylvana Szydzik and Bradley Ward. The quality assurance review was undertaken by Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd Director/Principal Heritage Advisor Oona Nicolson. The field work was undertaken by Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd Archaeologist and Heritage Advisor Bradley Ward. Mapping was provided by Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd GIS Officer Monique Elsley.

1.3 Aboriginal Heritage

The scope of works for this project did not include an assessment of Aboriginal cultural heritage.

1.4 Location

The three properties included in this assessment are St Germains (HO16) at 95 McCormacks Road, Clyde North, Southside Lodge (HO130) at 465 Pattersons Road, Clyde North, and 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North, Victoria (City of Casey) (Map 1). The cadastral details of the properties are as follows:

 St Germains (HO16): 95 McCormacks Road, Clyde North; Volume: 10566, Folio: 432, Lot: 2 and Title Plan: PS438755.  Southside Lodge (HO130) at 465 Pattersons Road, Clyde North; Volume: 10871, Folio: 183, Lot: 1 and Title Plan: PS531836; and 1720 Pound Road, Clyde North; Lot: 2, Title Plan: PS531836.  Oakwood Riding School at 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North; Volume: 09570, Folio: 889, Lot: 1, Title Plan: LP146177.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 2 1.5 Proposed Activity

The MPA requires a review and assessment of the heritage significance of three properties within the McPherson PSP (1055). Two of the sites are currently registered on the Heritage Overlay of the Casey Planning Scheme, St Germains (HO16) at 95 McCormacks Road, Clyde North and Southside Lodge (HO130) at 465 Pattersons Road, Clyde North. The third property comprises a homestead and vegetation at 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North, which was identified by the MPA as having potential heritage significance.

Under cl.43.01 of the Planning Scheme, a Permit is required from the City of Casey to subdivide land, demolish or remove a building, construct roads and fences, externally alter heritage buildings, carry out works or repairs that change the appearance of a heritage place and remove, destroy or lop a tree where tree controls apply (amongst other provisions).

1.6 Name of Client

This report has been commissioned by the Metropolitan Planning Authority (MPA).

1.7 Name of Owners and Occupiers

Table 1 below present the owner and occupiers of the properties assessed during the Targeted Heritage Review.

Table 1: Owners and Occupiers

Property Owner Occupier

St Germains (HO16), 95 McCormacks Road, Clyde North Kerrie Volders Kerrie Volders

Southside Lodge (HO130) at 465 Pattersons Road, Clyde North Graham McTaggart Michael Hughes

Southside Lodge (HO130) at 1720 Pound Road, Clyde North Tony Austin Tony Austin

The Meadows at Oakwood Riding School, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North Michael Hocking/Leanna Bray Jill Shannon

1.8 Report Review and Distribution

Copies of this HHA will be lodged with the following organisations:

 Metropolitan Planning Authority; and  Heritage Victoria.

1.9 Heritage Legislation

An overview of the Victorian Heritage Act 1995, the Victorian Planning and Environment Act 1987 and the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999is included in Appendix 1.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 3 2 ST GERMAINS (HO16)

St Germains is a late Victorian Italianate style homestead located at 95 McCormacks Road, Clyde North. St Germains is listed on the Heritage Overlay of the Casey Planning Scheme as HO16 and the National Trust Register as B3143.

2.1 Historical Context

2.1.1 Aboriginal History At the time of European contact, the eastern side of Port Phillip Bay lay within the traditional lands of people from the Bun wurrung language group (Clark 1990: 364), who shared a cultural and linguistic affinity with the Woi wurrung, Ngurai-illam wurrung, Djadja wurrung, Wada wurrung and Duang wurrung language groups. Collectively these groups were known as the Kulin Nation occupying the south central Victorian region (Howitt 2001). According to Clark (1990: 364-7), the clan most likely to have occupied the land which the study area forms a part of was the Mayune balug clan. From the mid-1830s the land of the Bun wurrung and neighbouring language groups was occupied as European pastoralists spread out to graze sheep and cattle (Presland 2010: 87). The Bun wurrung was one of five different language groups in the Port Phillip District that made up the Kulin Nation were one of the first Victorian clans to be contacted by Europeans, as early as 1803 in Sorrento, and had contact with whalers and sealers from the beginning of the nineteenth century. In resistance, they allied with the Wurundjeri, forming what early writers called “the two Melbourne tribes” (Massola 1959: 180). Following French and English exploration, there was the failed settlement at Sorrento in 1803, and the settlement at Corinella in 1826. The foundation of the city of Melbourne also affected the way in which the Bun Wurrung and neighbouring language groups could move on the landscape. The contacts between the Aboriginal people and European people were plagued with conflicts, and often these resulted in several deaths. European diseases such as influenza, to which the Kulin peoples had no immunity, played a large part in the decline in population that followed European settlement (Presland 2010: 90).

2.1.2 Pastoralism and Settlement In 1835, the first parties travelling overland from Sydney arrived in Victoria, known as the Port Phillip District prior to the separation from New South Wales in 1851 (Context 2004a: 5). These parties were in search of grazing lands and permanent fresh water for cattle and sheep, and established large pastoral runs on the rich grasslands of Berwick, Pakenham and Cranbourne (Context 2004a: 5).

The land on which St Germains is located once formed part of the St Germains pastoral run (Figure 1) along Cardinia Creek, 6 miles east of Cranbourne, covering an area of 5,760 acres which supported 300 cattle (Spreadborough and Anderson 1983: 183; Billis and Kenyon 1932: 246). The St Germains run was first licensed by the New South Wales Orders in Council to James Buchanan. The date on which this occurred is recorded as October 1846 in Spreadborough and Anderson (1983: 183) and February 1845 in Billis and Kenyon (1932: 246).

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 4 Figure 1: St Germains Run (Source: BPHS 1982: 4)

In 1848 (January as recorded by Billis and Kenyon [1932: 246], 4 October as recorded by Spreadborough and Anderson [1983: 183]), the St Germains run was gazetted, and Alexander Patterson, a successful grazier and influential Cranbourne resident, is listed as the first leaseholder. Patterson built a home of tea tree, wattle and daub on the property in 1851, erected yards and bought in stock as he extended the clearing (Williams 1984: 23; Gunson 1968: 51). Subsequent leaseholders are presented in Table 2, until the cancellation of the run in August 1873

Table 2: Leaseholders of St Germains (Spreadborough and Anderson 1983: 183; Billis and Kenyon 1932: 246)

Date Leaseholder February 1845 / October 1846 James Buchanan January 1848 / 4 October 1848 A Patterson 7 March 1860 Vaughan and Wild 9 December 1862 John Myers September 1869 Alexander Patterson 8 August 1873 Forfeited

2.1.3 Land Title Holders Land in the Cranbourne and Lyndhurst districts was surveyed in 1852 by the government surveyor, HB Foot, who created the new township of Cranbourne out of the pastoral runs Mayune, Towbeet and Heifer Station

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 5 (Context 2004a: 11). By 1854, large tracts of land were being sold east of Cranbourne, and by 1856, land between Cranbourne, Western Port Bay and the Carrum Swamp was offered for sale (Context 2004a: 11).

St Germains (HO16) originally formed part of Crown Allotment 73, Parish of Cranbourne, marked as St Germains Pre-emptive Right on a 1937 Parish Plan of Cranbourne (Figure 3). According to the Land Title for Vol. 02107 Fol. 203 and a 1937 Cranbourne Parish Plan, Alexander Patterson purchased the title on 7 December 1888, in conjunction with neighbouring Crown Allotments 70 and 71 (Figure 4). Patterson previously leased the St Germains run, and was granted the Pre-emptive right to the 640 acre St Germains homestead block. Pre-emptive right was established by the Sale of Waste Lands Act in 1847, which allowed squatters to purchase the land on which their homesteads were located before any land in the locality was made available for general purchase (Context 2004a: 8). Patterson was granted this right on 5 March 1855 (Context 2004a: 10).

Alexander Patterson, described as one of the most influential men in the Cranbourne district, was born in Berwickshire, Scotland, in 1813 (Gunson 1968: 51). Patterson came to South Australia with his parents in 1839, and managed stations at Wannon and Glenelg before taking up the St Germains lease (Gunson 1968: 51). Patterson was involved with the Port Phillip Farmer’s Society, founded in 1848 (Context 2004a: 34). The Society provided advice to the Government on ‘all matters concerning agricultural and pastoral matters’ and held regular shows throughout Victoria (Context 2004a: 35). Patterson also helped establish the Mornington Farmers Society, a branch of the Port Phillip Farmers Society, and was nominated as one of the nine committee members (Context 2004a: 35). Patterson developed a strain of Shorthorn which was well adapted to the local area, and bred horses and sheep, some of his products winning prizes in the Mornington Society shows on the 1850s (Gunson 1968: 51).

Figure 2: Alexander Patterson (Gunson :79) Patterson was also a member of the Cranbourne Road Board, established in 1860 to aid the construction of new roads, complete district road surveys, and raise finance to pay for new roads (Context 2004a: 65). Patterson was also involved in obtaining a manse and church buildings for the Cranbourne Scots Presbyterian Church, which opened on 27 May 1860 (Gunson 1968: 60). Patterson also served as a shire councillor for fourteen years, including a term as a president in the 1870s (Gunson 1968: 60). Terence O’Connor, owner of the adjoining property to the north, once stated ‘no man has done more for Westernport than Alexander Patterson’ (Gunson 1968: 51).

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 6 The original wattle and daub house constructed by Patterson was demolished in 1893, presumably after the construction of the current dwelling (Gunson 1968: 51). Williams noted the original home had crumbled away, however, an adjoining portion of it built from hand-made brick is still standing (Williams 1984: 23). The Heritage Place Report for the site (Heritage Victoria 2015a) indicates the current dwelling was constructed c. 1890 in two stages, from hand-made bricks from clay quarried on the property, and was the centre of many social activities (Williams 1984: 23). Information provided by a former owner suggests the rear courtyard of the current dwelling forms the older section of the dwelling, while the front of the house may have been an addition to accommodate the enlargement of the Patterson family in the latter half of the nineteenth century (Barker and Hislop 2012: 10) After Patterson’s death in 1896, the title passed to one of his sons, Thomas Patterson, on 3 March 1897, who continued to manage the estate (Williams 1984: 23). Of interest, Thomas Patterson wrote a letter to the editor of The Argus in 1931, in which he states ‘King Barak, the last chief of the Yarra Yarra Tribe, was of peculiar interest to me, as it was from him I learned the meaning of ‘Barnibyrnong’ the native name of St Germains, my father’s station on the Cardinia Creek in Westernport’, (Tuesday 17 November 1931: 6). According to Thomas Patterson, Barnibyrnong translated as the haunt of the ring tailed opossum. Patterson goes on to mention St Germains was a favourite camping place of the Boonerang [sic] tribe, from whom he learned ‘a good deal of their language’ while growing up there. The nearby Pattersons Road bears the name of this early pioneering family. In 1910 the title was subdivided to include Crown Allotment 73 and only a portion of Crown Allotment 70, and was transferred to Thomas Hilary Fitzgerald. At this time, Sutherland (1977: 397 in Heritage Victoria 2015a) notes the property contained 2,548 acres, ‘seven miles of acacia hedges, a substantially built modern brick house with 16 rooms, a large underground cellar and tanks, men’s quarters, stables, stockyards etc.’. According to the Heritage Place Report (Heritage Victoria 2015a), after the subdivision of the estate, the local population growth necessitated the construction of a school nearby on Ballarto Road. In 1915, the title was transferred to William Bell, a grazier. At this time, Crown Allotments 70 and 73 were further subdivided, and the title expanded to include additional parcels to the north and south. The current alignment of McCormacks Road is also marked on the title plan. In 1918, the title passed to Charles Edward McCormick, a Sergeant of Police. Mr and Mrs McCormick lived at St Germains with their three daughters, Elizabeth, Katherine and Anita, and three sons, Joseph, Charles and Desmond (Williams 1984: 31). Charles and Joe McCormick were very active members of the local football club and other sporting bodies, as well as the Clyde-Cardinia Rural Fire Brigade, and in the 1920s and 1930s, Kate McCormick ran the first post office in the area from one of the front rooms of St Germains homestead (Williams 1984: 23). In 1924 McCormick established Lisbaun School in a four room cottage on the farm, on behalf of the residents of Cardinia Creek (Williams 1984: 23). Lisbaun closed in 1937. The farm was worked by Mr and Mrs McCormick and Mr Joe McCormick (Williams 1984: 31). Initially, they concentrated on dairying, and later changed to fattening cattle, up to 200 head at a time (Williams 1984: 31). On numerous occasions, cattle and sheep topped the sales at Newmarket and Dandenong (Williams 1984: 31). After his death on 3 July 1942, the title passed to Joseph McCormick and Timothy McCormick, both farmers, on 12 November 1956. In 1964, the McCormick family left Cardinia, and were given a warm farewell social in the Cardinia Hall (Williams 1984: 32).

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 7 In 1965, the title passed to Leslie Vivian Seymour, a dairyman. In 1972, the title was subdivided to form part of Crown Allotment 70 and 73 north of present day McCormacks Road and part of Section 74, and passed to George Flawith Knowles and Alan Flawith Knowles. In 1996, George Flawith Knowles died and probate was granted to Alan Flawith Knowles on 20/5/1997. On 7/2/2001, ownership passed to the current owner, Kerrie Dianne Volders.

The following poem ‘A Tribute to St Germains’ by M.B.G. Campbell is presented in Williams (1984: 32).

A hundred years have come and gone, Since St. Germains was born. Of hand-made bricks from local clay, Which from this land was torn.

A meandering creek behind it. The old Kar Din Yarr flows, Whilst etched against the skyline A majestic fir tree grows.

Once an old memorial garden, Each tendered tree and shrub a prayer. For a cherished pioneer member Who once often tarried there.

Sweeping around the drive-way. Commanding homestead verandas high, Glancing away in the distance, One feels the world pass by …

A gracious home with dignity Of a period long passed by, A slice of priceless history Which, thank God, is not to die …

The State Library of Victoria holds several photographs of St Germains, taken in 1975. These show the stuccoed homestead in good condition, with a veranda along the front and partially around the eastern and western side (Figure 5). A small rose garden bed is located immediately in front of the homestead, and several large oak and pine trees are located surrounding the homestead (Figure 6). The rear courtyard has a veranda, and a small garden (Figure 7), and the domed well in the courtyard is visible in Figure 12. The western wing is surrounded by lawn and tree plantings (Figure 8). A driveway or horse trotting track with a timber fence is located on the eastern side of the dwelling (Figure 9). Figure 10 shows the former stables and outbuildings, which have since been demolished.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 8 Figure 3: Excerpt from a 1937 Parish map, approximate location of St Germains (HO16) shown by red circle (State Library of Victoria 2015a)

Figure 4: Excerpt from a 1948 Parish of Cranbourne Map, approximate location of St Germains (HO16) shown by red circle, within Alexander Patterson’s property (State Library of Victoria 2015b)

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 9 Table 3: Summary of Historical Land Ownership of at 95 McCormacks Road, Clyde North (Source: Certificate of Title, Dept. of Lands)

Year Title Volume Folio Owner/s Comment Transferred Allotments 73, 70 and 71, Parish of 07/12/1888 Alexander Patterson of Cranbourne Cranbourne, County of Mornington 02107 203 Alexander Patterson died on the 29/12/1896. Thomas Patterson of the Equitable 3/3/1897 Thomas Patterson is registered as proprietor Building, Collins Street, Melbourne of the will and executor of probate Crown Allotment 73 and part of Crown Thomas Hilary Fitzgerald of 03390 983 12/01/1910 Allotment 70, Parish of Cranbourne, County Beaconsfield Hotel, St Kilda Esquire of Mornington Transfer from Thomas Hilary Fitzgerald to William Bell 30/7/1915, Crown Portion 1, Parish of Pakenham, part of Crown William Bell of St. Germain, Clyde, 30/07/1915 Allotments 70 and 73, and part of Crown Grazier Section 74, known as Cardinia Creek Pre- 03922 294 emptive Right, Parish of Cranbourne, County of Mornington Charles Edward McCormick died 3/7/1942. Charles Edward McCormick of ‘St. Probate of his will was granted to Joseph 19/6/1918 Germains’, Clyde, Sergeant of Police McCormick and Charles McCormick 12/11/1956. Part of Crown Portion 1, Parish of Pakenham, Joseph McCormick and Timothy part of Crown Allotments 70 and 73, and part 08137 787 12/11/1956 Charles McCormick, both of Clyde, of Crown Section 74, known as Cardinia Farmers Creek Pre-emptive Right, Parish of Cranbourne, County of Mornington Part of Crown Portion 1, Parish of Pakenham, part of Crown Allotments 70 and 73, and part Leslie Vivian Seymour of Holton Road, 08561 664 16/07/1965 of Crown Section 74, known as Cardinia Dandenong, Dairyman Creek Pre-emptive Right, Parish of Cranbourne, County of Mornington Lots 1, 2 and 3, Title Plan 910003H (formerly George Flawith Knowles of known as part of Crown Allotment 70 and 73 Cranbourne Road, Hampton Park and 07/01/1972 and part of Section 74, Parish of Cranbourne, Alan Flawith Knowles of South County of Mornington known as Cardinia Gippsland Highway, Hampton Park 08919 002 Creek Pre-emptive Right) George Flawith Knowles died on 12/11/1996, Alan Flawith Knowles of ‘St. Germain’, 20/05/1997 probate of his will has been granted to Alan 75 McCormacks Rd, Clyde Flawith Knowles of ‘St Germain’ Kerrie Dianne Volders, of 75 10566 432 07/02/2001 Lot 2, Plan of Subdivision 438755B McCormacks Rd, Clyde

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 10 Figure 5: View south west over front entrance of ‘St Germains’, 1975 (State Library of Victoria 2015c)

Figure 6: View south east over the front entrance of ‘St Germains’, 1975 (State Library of Victoria 2015c)

Figure 7: View north west over rear of ‘St Germains’, 1975 (State Library of Victoria 2015c)

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 11 Figure 8: View east over west wing of ‘St Germains’, 1975 (State Library of Victoria 2015c)

Figure 9: View west over east wing of ‘St Germains’, 1975 (State Library of Victoria 2015c)

Figure 10: View over former stable and outbuildings, since demolished, 1975 (State Library of Victoria 2015c)

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 12 Figure 11: View south over front doorway of ‘St Figure 12: View north west over rear courtyard of Germains’, 1975 (State Library of Victoria 2015c) ‘St Germains’, showing domed well, 1975 (State Library of Victoria 2015c)

2.2 Database Searches

A review of the following heritage databases was conducted on 11 May 2015.

Table 4: Heritage Databases

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 13 Heritage Database Description that are only listed on the RNE no longer have statutory heritage protection. Listings on the NHL, CHL, WHL and RNE are accessed via the Australian Heritage Database (AHD), managed by DoE. The Victorian Heritage Register (VHR), established by the Victorian Heritage Act 1995, Victorian Heritage Register provides the highest level of statutory protection for historical sites in Victoria. Only the State’s most significant historical sites are listed on the VHR. The Victorian Heritage Inventory (VHI), established by the Victorian Heritage Act 1995, provides the statutory protection for all historical archaeological sites, areas or relics, and Victorian Heritage Inventory private collections of relics, in Victoria. Sites listed on the VHI are not of State significance but are usually of regional or local significance. The study area is located within the City of Casey and is governed by the Casey Planning Local Council Scheme. Planning schemes set out policies and provisions for the use, development and protection of land. The National Trust of Australia (Victoria) is an independent, not-for-profit organisation that classifies a number of heritage places. Listing on the National Trust Register (NTR) does not National Trust Register impose any statutory protection, however often National Trust listings are supported by the local council Planning Scheme.

The search identified 95 McCormacks Lane, Clyde North on the following list and register:  Heritage Overlay of the Casey Planning Scheme as St Germains (HO16); and  National Trust Register as St Germains Homestead (B3143).

2.3 Previous Assessments

St Germains (HO16) has been included in the following heritage assessments. Heritage of the City of Casey: Historic Sites in the former Cranbourne Shire (Butler and Associates 1996) St Germains was identified in Butler and Associates (1996: 6-7), who compiled the following site description:

This large Italianate style stuccoed and verandahed [sic] hipped roof house is set in the remnants of what was once an ornamental pleasure garden with specimens including Washingtonia sp. palm, Canary Island date palm, cordyline, Brachychiton sp. (Kurrajong), stone pines and elms in the paddocks near the house.

Like the Tooradin Estate house (Also assessed in this study), St Germains has a gable in the hipped concave-profile verandah, aligned with the front door. In addition, it has protruding hipped-roof window bays on either side of the door. The door itself has deeply moulded panels and side and top lights, with coloured leadlight glazing typical of the late 19th century. Verandah posts survive but the friezes, brackets and capital are gone (currently being reinstated?).

Other elements include typical eaves bracketing, cemented and corniced chimneys, a slate roof and a rear service yard with well and encircling verandah (timber posts and capitals). Typically, the walls in this section have not been stuccoed. The walls are cavity brick.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 14 Changes

The verandah detail has been removed and the verandah floor replaced. The rear verandah floor is now concrete, part of the verandah is enclosed and one of the rear chimneys has been modified.

Butler and Associates (1996:7) determined St Germains was of regional significance, and provided the following statement:

St Germains is of regional significance for the relative age and size of the house, the remanants of its ornamental landscape setting and its connection with the early pastoral history of the region. Most of all it has value as a creation for the locally prominent figure, Alexander Patterson, and the home of other members of the regionally important Patterson family.

Casey Heritage Study Volume 2: Heritage Place and Precinct Citations (Context 2004b) St Germains was also included in the 2004 Heritage Study prepared by Context. Context (2004b: 835) provided the following statement of significance in the heritage citation prepared for St Germains:

What is Significant

'St Germains', comprising the house constructed c.1890 and the associated mature garden, at McCormack's Road Clyde.

How is it significant?

'St Germains' is of local historic and aesthetic significance to the City of Casey.

Why is it significant?

Historically, 'St Germains' is significant for the relative age and size of the house and its connection with the early pastoral history of the region. Most of all it has value as the residence for the locally prominent figure, Alexander Patterson, and the home of other members of the regionally important Patterson family (Australian Heritage Council (AHC) criteria A4, D2 and H1).

Aesthetically, 'St Germains' is significant as a representative example of a Victorian Italianate residence with remnants of its ornamental landscape setting (AHC criterion E1).

Heritage Assessment (Draft): St Germains Homestead, 95 McCormacks Road, Clyde North (Barker and Hislop 2012)

In 2012, Barker and Hislop prepared a draft Heritage Assessment of St Germains Homestead, which aimed to provide clear direction and advice on elements of significance within the existing Planning Scheme Heritage Overlay listing, and provide appropriate curtilage requirements and management recommendations as they relate to this listing. Barker and Hislop concluded an appropriate curtilage for the place should consider the views from the main entrance of the homestead, including the lake to the north, and the rose garden and inner fence line to the west. Using old parish maps, documentary evidence and other historic material combined with a recent aerial photograph, Barker and Hislop determined an appropriate curtilage for HO16 should include the former home yard containing additional historic vegetation, and protect the views north of the house (Barker and Hislop 2012: 18) (Figure 13).

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 15 Figure 13: Draft map showing current curtilage of HO16 in purple and the new curtilage as proposed by Barker and Hislop (2012) in pink

Barker and Hislop concluded the extended curtilage for HO16 would:

 Conserve elements that contribute to the significance of St Germains as a representative example of a nineteenth century rural farm complex;  Ensure future development does not have an adverse impact upon the setting of St Germains; and

 Conserve/reveal views that contribute to the significance of St Germains, including views of the place from surrounding areas and views from the homestead to the north. Barker and Hislop (2015: 18) recommended the boundary of HO16 be redefined based on the above assessment, and that consideration should be given to providing an open space buffer/public reserve around the place by any future planning for the immediate surrounds. However, this will already be achieved as part of Conservation Area 36 to the north of the curtilage (see discussion below; Map 2a).

2.4 Current Curtilage

The current curtilage for St Germains (HO16) under the Heritage Overlay of the Casey Planning Scheme comprises a polygon that includes the dwelling, some of the associated historic trees as well as more recent farm sheds to the east (Map 2a). The current curtilage was defined Context (2004b) based on the identified heritage values, which are outlined above.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 16 Part of the property is affected by Conservation Area 36 under the Biodiversity Conservation Strategy for Melbourne’s Growth Corridors (BCS) (Department of Environment and Primary Industries 2013) (Map 2a). Under the BCS there is an expectation that a large regional park will be established on the land surrounding the homestead to the north, east and west. No urban development is permitted inside Conservation Area 36.

2.5 Review of Aerial Imagery

Aerial imagery from 1964 to 1991 show the original driveway approaching the dwelling from the west, a line of mature trees south west of the dwelling, and the development of farm sheds and other buildings to the east of the dwelling (Figure 14 to Figure 16). An ephemeral drainage or creek line is located north east of the dwelling, which appears to be dammed in the 1964 (Figure 14) and the 1980 (Figure 15) images. This forms the easternmost dam in the chain constructed prior to 2002 (Figure 17). Figure 17 also shows the alignment of the new driveway, construction of the pool to the east and garage to the south of the dwelling, as well as some trees standing along the original driveway. Figure 18 shows the rose garden to the west of the dwelling, established prior to 2006. The original driveway has all but disappeared, and trees have been planted in an avenue along the new driveway.

Figure 14: 1964 Aerial Image showing original alignment of driveway, a row of planted trees south and west of the dwelling, and associated farm sheds to the east (Melbourne 1963 Project, Run 35)

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 17 Figure 15: 1980 Aerial Image (Department of Crown Lands and Survey, Cranbourne 7921-1/80, Run 8)

Figure 16: 1991 Aerial Image (Melbourne 1991 Project, Run 31)

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 18 Figure 17: 2002 Google Earth Image showing extension of the dam system north of dwelling, new alignment of the driveway, and the construction of the pool to the east and garage to the south (Google Earth 2015)

Figure 18: 2006 Google Earth Image showing established rose garden west of the dwelling (Google Earth 2015)

2.6 Site Inspection

A site inspection was completed on 14 May 2015 by Ecology and Heritage Partners Cultural Heritage Advisor and Archaeologist Bradley Ward. The site assessment confirmed the features visible in a review of aerial imagery and documented the present condition of the dwelling and surrounds.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 19 A circular driveway is located at the front (northern) entrance to the house (Plate 1). The dwelling appears to have retained the structural features present in the 1975 photographs (Section 2.1.3), the front and sides of the house are stuccoed while the brick walls are exposed in the rear courtyard. The front doorway retains a moulded door set between leadlight windows. Iron lacework has been re-introduced since the 1975 photographs were taken, along the front veranda (Plate 2). The domed well remains in the rear courtyard. Two farm sheds and a second dwelling are located approximately 60-100m east of the house. A large Oak tree is located adjacent to one of the farm sheds (Plate 4). Additions to the dwelling and surrounds that were not present in the 1963 to 1991 aerial images included:

 a paved rear courtyard with a hedge around well, a paved multi level area to rear, leading to the garage, and the construction of a small garden bed and hedges to the south of the dwelling (Plate 3);  a paved trellis walkway leading from rear courtyard past the back of east wing to a conservatory (added to eastern wing), and a pool surrounded by a trellis walkway with two pool houses at each corner (Plate 5). Previous assessment (Barker and Hislop 2012: 10) identified the garage and conservatory were designed by leading heritage architect Robert Sands;

 an English style hedged rose garden immediately west of the dwelling, incorporating several palm trees of the remnant ornamental garden (Plate 6);  two contemporary palm trees (Phoenix canariensis and Washingtonia robusta) located immediately west of the rose garden (Plates 7 and 8) – subsequent arborist advice indicates that these two trees are 80-120 years old and are potentially contemporaneous with the construction of the house;  a garage and driveway entrance south of homestead (Plate 9);

 a large dam approximately 50 m in front of the house, along the edge of which the current owners are constructing an area for a rotunda (Plate 10).

Plate 1: View south over homestead Plate 2: View south over front entrance to homestead

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 20 Plate 3: View north across rear courtyard Plate 4: Farm sheds and large oak tree east of homestead

Plate 5: Trellis walkway, pool and paved area east of Plate 6: Rose garden to west of homestead homestead

Plate 8: View of palms Plate 7: Two looking east palms west of towards the the rose ornamental garden, garden and looking south house

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 21 Plate 9: Driveway entrance and garage south of Plate 10: View north east over northern dam, showing homestead the bluestone feature

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 22 3 SOUTHSIDE LODGE (HO130)

Southside Lodge, formerly known as ‘Kurrajong’, comprises two Kurrajong trees at 465 Pattersons Road, Clyde North. Southside Lodge is listed on the Heritage Overlay of the Casey Planning Scheme as HO130.

3.1 Historical Context

3.1.1 Aboriginal History At the time of European contact, the eastern side of Port Phillip Bay lay within the traditional lands of people from the Bun wurrung language group (Clark 1990: 364), who shared a cultural and linguistic affinity with the Woi wurrung, Ngurai-illam wurrung, Djadja wurrung, Wada wurrung and Duang wurrung language groups. Collectively these groups were known as the Kulin Nation occupying the south central Victorian region (Howitt 2001). According to Clark (1990: 364-7), the clan most likely to have occupied the land which the study area forms a part of was the Mayune balug clan. From the mid-1830s the land of the Bun Wurrung and neighbouring language groups was invaded as European pastoralists spread out to graze sheep and cattle (Presland 2010: 87). The Bun wurrung were one of the first Victorian clans to be contacted by Europeans, as early as 1803 in Sorrento and had contact with whalers and sealers from the beginning of the nineteenth century. In resistance, they allied with the Wurundjeri, forming what early writers called “the two Melbourne tribes” (Massola 1959: 180). Following French and English exploration, there was the failed settlement at Sorrento in 1803, and the settlement at Corinella in 1826. The foundation of the city of Melbourne also affected the way in which the Bun Wurrung and neighbouring language groups could move on the landscape. The contacts between the Aboriginal people and European people were plagued with conflicts, and often these resulted in several deaths. European diseases such as influenza, to which the Kulin peoples had no immunity, played a large part in the decline in population that followed European settlement (Presland 2010: 90).

3.1.2 Pastoralism and Settlement In 1835, the first parties travelling overland from Sydney arrived in Victoria, known as the Port Phillip District prior to the separation from New South Wales in 1851 (Context 2004a: 5). These parties were in search of grazing lands and permanent fresh water for cattle and sheep, and established large pastoral runs on the rich grasslands of Berwick, Pakenham and Cranbourne (Context 2004a: 5). The land on which Southside Lodge is located on land that once formed part of the St Germain pastoral run (see Figure 1) along Cardinia Creek, 6 miles east of Cranbourne, covering an area of 5,760 acres which supported 300 cattle (Spreadborough and Anderson 1983: 183; Billis and Kenyon 1932: 246). The St Germains run was first licensed by the New South Wales Orders in Council to James Buchanan. The date on which this occurred is recorded as October 1846 in Spreadborough and Anderson (1983: 183) and February 1845 in Billis and Kenyon (1932: 246).

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 23 In 1848 (January as recorded by Billis and Kenyon 1932: 246; 4 October as recorded by Spreadborough and Anderson 1983: 183), the St Germains run was gazetted, and A. Patterson is listed as the first leaseholder. Subsequent leaseholders are presented in Table 5, until the cancellation of the run in August 1873.

Table 5: Leaseholders of St Germains (Spreadborough and Anderson 1983: 183; Billis and Kenyon 1932: 246)

3.1.3 Land Title Holders Land in the Cranbourne and Lyndhurst districts was surveyed in 1852 by the government surveyor, HB Foot who created the new township of Cranbourne out of the pastoral runs Mayune, Towbeet and Heifer Station (Context 2004a: 11). By 1854, large tracts of land were being sold east of Cranbourne, and by 1856, land between Cranbourne, Western Port Bay and the Carrum Swamp was offered for sale (Context 2004a: 11). The land on which Southside Lodge is located originally formed part of Section 69C, Parish of Cranbourne (Figure 19). According to the Land Title for Vol. 01310 Fol. 968 and a 1948 Parish of Cranbourne, Thomas Cadd Senior purchased the title in 1881 (Figure 20). The property adjacent to the south east was marked as a reserve for camping and water pumps (Figure 20). Thomas Cadd arrived in Australia in 1855, and took up land elsewhere in Clyde in 1862, where he cleared the land and planted a vineyard (Butler and Associates 1998: 73). Cadd also earned money as a splitter, and by 1867, had started contracting for the shire and the government (Butler and Associates 1998: 73).

Cadd is listed as a farmer in the Cranbourne Shire Rate Books, occupying a house and three acres on Crown Allotment 41 in the 1860s (Butler and Associates 1998: 74). According to Butler and Associates (1998: 74), Cadd took up the thirty two acres as part of Reserve C, Crown Allotment 69 around 1871, 10 years earlier than listed on the Land Title, with an annual value of £10. Butler and Associates (1998: 73) determined the timber hipped and gabled roof house that formed part of the original heritage citation of HO130 was built around this time.

In 1884, Thomas Cadd died, and probate of his will was granted to Ann Cadd in 1889. In 1890, Ann Cadd sold the property to William Humphries, with a slight increase in annual value (Butler and Associates 1998: 74). Humphries moved to Geelong in the 1920s, but remained listed in the Cranbourne Shire Rate Books at this property (Butler and Associates 1998: 74). In 1925, Humpries died, and letters of administration were granted to Mary Jane Baxter of Kilgour Street, Geelong. In 1929, the property passed to Edgar Marshall Gunton. Butler and Associates (1998: 74) estimate it is at this time the Kurrajong trees were likely planted.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 24 Figure 19: Excerpt from a 1937 Parish map, showing Crown Allotment 69C in red circle (State Library of Victoria 2015a)

Figure 20: Excerpt from a 1948 Parish of Cranbourne Map showing Thomas Cadd’s property (State Library of Victoria 2015b)

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 25 Edgar Marshal Gunton died 2 November 1993, and probate of his will granted to Brian Henry Gunton and Kevin Howard Gunton. The property remained in Kevin Gunton’s name until 2005, when it was sold to the current owners, Graham and Gail McTaggart.

Table 6: Summary of Historical Land Ownership of at 465 Pattersons Road, Clyde North (Source: Certificate of Title, Dept. of Lands)

Year Title Volume Folio Owner/s Comment Transferred Allotment 69C, Parish of Cranbourne, County 12/10/1881 Thomas Cadd of Clyde, Farmer of Mornington Ann Cadd of Hernbank Cottage near Thomas Cadd died 1/03/1884, probate of his 3/3/1890 Clyde will was granted to Ann Cadd 30/5/1889 William Humphries of Pakenham, 3/3/1890 Transfer from Ann Cadd Farmer William Humphries died 4/11/1925, letters of Edgar Marshall Gunton of Clyde, administration were granted to Mary Jane 4/3/1929 01310 968 Farmer Baxter of Kilgour Sheet, Geelong, Widow. Edgar Marshall Gunton is now the proprietor Edgar Marshal Gunton died 2/11/1993, probate of his will granted to Brian Henry Kevin Howard Gunton of 248 Power 24/8/1994 Gunton of 98 Webster St, Alexandra and Rd, Endeavour Hills Kevin Howard Gunton of 248 Power Rd, Endeavour Hills Margaret Olive Gunton and Kevin 22/08/1996 Howard Gunton of 248 Power Road, Endeavour Hills Graham John McTaggart and Gail 10871 183 09/06/2005 McTaggart of 475 Pattersons Road, Cyde

3.2 Database Searches

A review of the following heritage databases was conducted on 11 May 2015.

Table 7: Heritage Databases

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 26 Heritage Database Description Indigenous and historic heritage places throughout Australia. Following amendments to the Australian Heritage Council Act 2003, the RNE was frozen on 19 February 2007, and no new places have been added or removed since then. The RNE ceased as a statutory register in February 2012, although items listed on the RNE may continue to be considered during approvals processes. Many items on the RNE have been listed on the NHL or CHL. They may also be registered on State or local heritage registers. In these cases, those items are protected under the relevant Commonwealth or State heritage legislation. However, items that are only listed on the RNE no longer have statutory heritage protection. Listings on the NHL, CHL, WHL and RNE are accessed via the Australian Heritage Database (AHD), managed by DoE. The Victorian Heritage Register (VHR), established by the Victorian Heritage Act 1995, Victorian Heritage Register provides the highest level of statutory protection for historical sites in Victoria. Only the State’s most significant historical sites are listed on the VHR. The Victorian Heritage Inventory (VHI), established by the Victorian Heritage Act 1995, provides the statutory protection for all historical archaeological sites, areas or relics, and Victorian Heritage Inventory private collections of relics, in Victoria. Sites listed on the VHI are not of State significance but are usually of regional or local significance. The study area is located within the City of Casey and is governed by the Casey Planning Local Council Scheme. Planning schemes set out policies and provisions for the use, development and protection of land. The National Trust of Australia (Victoria) is an independent, not-for-profit organisation that classifies a number of heritage places. Listing on the National Trust Register (NTR) does not National Trust Register impose any statutory protection, however often National Trust listings are supported by the local council Planning Scheme.

The search identified 465 Pattersons Road, Clyde North listed on the following:  Heritage Overlay of the Casey Planning Scheme as Southside Lodge (former ‘Kurrajong’) (HO130).

3.3 Previous Assessment

City of Casey Heritage Study: Cranbourne, Knox (Butler and Associates 1998) Kurrajong was identified in Butler and Associates (1998: 73), who compiled the following site description:

This is a timber hipped and gabled roof house with a verandah, Hawthorn hedges and two notable Kurrajongs (Brachychiton populneus) at the front, distinguished by their rarity and pairing either side of the path.

Butler and Associates (1998: 73) determined the timber dwelling was constructed around 1870-1880 by the first landowner, Thomas Cadd Senior. The timber dwelling and Kurrajong trees were assessed by Butler and Associates (1998: 74) to be of local significance:

These two notable Kurrajongs (Brachychiton populneus) at the front of the property are of significance to the City of Casey because of their rarity and the pairing either side of the entry path.

The house, although altered in detail, is of potential local significance, being probably associated with the noted Cadd family, early Cranbourne pioneers, along with the remnant Hawthorn hedges which also evoke the nineteenth century.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 27 Casey Heritage Study Volume 2: Heritage Place and Precinct Citations (Context 2004b) Context (2004b: 598) included a citation for Kurrajong (HO130) at 465 Pattersons Road, Clyde North. It appears, however, the wrong information has been included in the citation, which describes a red brick house with a driveway off Thompsons Road, and associations with Clyde Pioneering family the Facey’s.

3.4 Current Curtilage

The current curtilage for Southside Lodge (HO130) under the Heritage Overlay of the Casey Planning Scheme comprises the original Crown Allotment 69C, Parish of Cranbourne, now formed by the two properties at 465 Pattersons Road, Clyde North and 1720 Pound Road, Clyde North (Map 2b). As is common practice (Heritage Victoria 2012), the current extent of the provision includes the whole title parcel.

3.5 Review of Aerial Imagery

Review of aerial imagery available from the Melbourne 1963/64 Project, the Melbourne 1970 Project, Department of Crown Lands and Survey Cranbourne and Garfield 1981, Melbourne 1991 Project and Google Earth was undertaken. Images from 1963 to 2004 show the timber dwelling and two Kurrajong trees identified by Butler and Associates (1998), as well as several large trees and farm buildings to the north (). Recent review of the Google Earth imagery shows the timber dwelling was demolished between 2004 and 2006. Figure 22 shows the outline of the property and the current curtilage of HO130 on the 2004 Google Earth image. The Kurrajong trees and timber dwelling are outlined in the southern corner of the property. Figure 23 shows the two Kurrajong trees remain, however the dwelling and row of trees immediately north have been removed.

Figure 21: 1964 Aerial Image showing outline of property and the current extent of HO103 in red, and the Kurrajong trees and timber dwelling in red circle in the southern corner of the property (Melbourne 1963 Project, Run 35)

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 28 Figure 22: 2004 Google Earth Image showing outline of property and the current extent of HO103 in red, and the Kurrajong trees and timber dwelling outlined in red in the southern corner of the property (Google Earth 2015)

Figure 23: 2006 Google Earth Image showing outline of property and the current extent of HO103 in red, and the Kurrajong trees outlined in red in the southern corner of the property (Google Earth 2015)

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 29 3.6 Site Inspection

A site assessment was completed on 14 May 2015 by Ecology and Heritage Partners Cultural Heritage Advisor and Archaeologist Bradley Ward. The site inspection confirmed the presence of the two Kurrajong trees and the absence of the timber dwelling. The former location of the dwelling is within a small paddock with a horse shelter, just north of the two Kurrajong trees (Plate 11). Though grassed, no remains of the house, surface artefacts or any other evidence of domestic occupation were noted during the inspection. As a result, it was not considered substantial archaeological features remain at the location of the dwelling. The Kurrajong trees are located in a paddock and are in good condition, the easternmost tree has a swing attached to a lower branch (Plate 12 - Plate 14).

Plate 11: View north over the two Kurrajong trees, Plate 12: View north over the two Kurrajong trees showing former location of dwelling to right of the horse shed in the background

Plate 13: View east over the two Kurrajong trees Plate 14: View north over the two Kurrajong trees showing former driveway

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 30 4 ‘THE MEADOWS’, 10 SMITHS LANE, CLYDE NORTH

‘The Meadows’, part of Oakwood Riding School, is a brick dwelling located at 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North. The dwelling is not currently included on any heritage lists or registers, and was identified by the MPA for inclusion in this assessment.

4.1 Background Review/historical context

4.1.1 Aboriginal History At the time of European contact, the eastern side of Port Phillip Bay lay within the traditional lands of people from the Bun wurrung language group (Clark 1990: 364), who shared a cultural and linguistic affinity with the Woi wurrung, Ngurai-illam wurrung, Djadja wurrung, Wada wurrung and Duang wurrung language groups. Collectively these groups were known as the Kulin Nation occupying the south central Victorian region (Howitt 2001). According to Clark (1990: 364-7), the clan most likely to have occupied the land which the study area forms a part of was the Mayune balug clan. From the mid-1830s the land of the Bun Wurrung and neighbouring language groups was invaded as European pastoralists spread out to graze sheep and cattle (Presland 2010: 87). The Bun wurrung were one of the first Victorian clans to be contacted by Europeans, as early as 1803 in Sorrento and had contact with whalers and sealers from the beginning of the nineteenth century. In resistance, they allied with the Wurundjeri, forming what early writers called “the two Melbourne tribes” (Massola 1959: 180). Following French and English exploration, there was the failed settlement at Sorrento in 1803, and the settlement at Corinella in 1826. The foundation of the city of Melbourne also affected the way in which the Bun Wurrung and neighbouring language groups could move on the landscape. The contacts between the Aboriginal people and European people were plagued with conflicts, and often these resulted in several deaths. European diseases such as influenza, to which the Kulin had no immunity, played a large part in the decline in population that followed European settlement (Presland 2010: 90).

4.1.2 Pastoralism and Settlement In 1835, the first parties travelling overland from Sydney arrived in Victoria, known as the Port Phillip District prior to the separation from New South Wales in 1851 (Context 2004a: 5). These parties were in search of grazing lands and permanent fresh water for cattle and sheep, and established large pastoral runs on the rich grasslands of Berwick, Pakenham and Cranbourne (Context 2004a: 5). Terence O’Connor, described as a long time influential figure in the Cranbourne District, was among the first to move stock across the Dandenong Creek in the 1830s (Gunson 1968: 19). O’Connor, who later took up the Cardinia Creek pastoral run (Figure 24) of which 10 Smiths Lane forms a part, is thought to have originally come to the region as an overseer for Captain John Gardiner, who laid claim to all the grazing lands in the Carrum Swamp area (Gunson 1968: 19). According to Spreadborough and Anderson (1983: 157), the Cardinia Creek No. 1 run, covered an area of 5,120 acres and supported 650 cattle (Billis and Kenyon 1932: 166). The Cardinia Creek run was licenced by

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 31 the New South Wales Orders in Council to Robert Henry in 1842 (Spreadborough and Anderson 1983: 157). The Obituary of Mr John Henry, son of Robert, describes how his parents first arrived in Victoria in 1842 and, shortly after, took up a cattle run, The Meadows, on Cardinia Creek between Berwick and Pakenham (The Argus, Monday 15 May 1933).

Figure 24: Cardinia Creek Runs (Source: BPHS 1982: 4)

On 4 October 1848, the Cardinia Creek run was gazetted. Terence O’Connor is listed as the leaseholder from 7 May 1851 until the cancellation of the run in 1856 (Spreadborough and Anderson 1983: 157; Billis and Kenyon 1932: 166). According to Williams (1984: 20), Terence O’Connor built one of the first substantial homes in the district, after he took up the cattle run bordering the west bank of Cardinia Creek in 1838. Though there is discrepancy in the dates, the current dwelling under investigation is likely the building described by Williams (1984: 20), due to its form and its location. Known as The Meadows, the dwelling was constructed of double brick with a slate roof and an all-around veranda and was located at the end of Thompsons Road.

Confusingly, there were several pastoral runs in the region with the name of Cardinia Creek (Figure 24). The original Cardinia Creek run was actually located just north of the Cranbourne Shire, and was taken up by O’Connor until 1851 (Williams 1984: 6; Gunson 1968: 35). Within the Cranbourne Shire the Greenmount Run, part of which Robert Henry occupied in 1842, was also called Gin Gin Bean, but later became known as Cardinia Creek No.1. At the same time, the remainder of the Greenmount run was also known as Cardinia Creek No. 2. In 1850, O’Connor transferred the lease of the original Cardinia sheep station to Abraham and Robert Gardiner, and moved to Robert Henry’s Cardinia cattle station (Cardinia Creek No. 1), the current

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 32 study area (Gunson 1968: 52). In 1853, O’Connor absorbed the original Greenmount run (Cardinia Creek No. 2) (Williams 1984: 6; Gunson 1968: 36). At this time, O’Connor’s original Cardinia Creek run became known as Cardinia Creek No.2 (Williams 1984: 6).

4.1.3 Land Title Holders In 1852, land in the Cranbourne and Lyndhurst districts was surveyed by the government surveyor, HB Foot who created the new township of Cranbourne out of the pastoral runs Mayune, Towbeet and Heifer Station (Context 2004: 11). By 1854, large tracts of land were being sold east of Cranbourne, and by 1856, land between Cranbourne, Western Port Bay and the Carrum Swamp was offered for sale (Context 2004a: 11). The land on which The Meadows is located once formed part of Crown Allotment 74, Parish of Cranbourne, marked as Cardinia Creek Pre-emptive Right on a 1937 Parish Plan of Cranbourne (Figure 25). Pre-emptive right was established by the Sale of Waste Lands Act in 1847, which allowed squatters to purchase 640 acres of land on which their homesteads were located before any land in the locality was made available for general purchase (Context 2004a: 8). A 1937 Cranbourne Parish Plan indicates Terence O’Connor purchased Crown Allotment 61, adjacent to Crown Allotment 74, on 17/5/1854. As these two Crown Allotments form the first Land Title, it is assumed O’Connor purchased Crown Allotment 74 at the same date (Figure 26).

Terence O’Connor was one of the first settlers in the Cranbourne district to grow barley, and other settlers followed soon after, sowing wheat and other crops (Williams 1984: 7). According to Land Title 3955, Fol. 939, Terence O’Connor was in ownership of Crown Allotment 61 and part of Crown Allotment 74, known as Cardinia Creek Pre-emptive Right, until his death in 1887. At this time, probate was granted to Sarah O’Connor and Daniel O’Connor. Research completed by a former owner of 10 Smiths Lane indicate The Meadows was leased by Mr Ewan C Henry, who held a clearing sale in March 1916, to sell by public auction the whole of his dairy and store cattle as his lease had expired. In September 1916, O’Connor’s land was subdivided, the land forming part of Crown Section 74 was sold to Frederick William Greaves. In March 1920, Greaves held a clearing sale of his horses, cattle and implements (South Bourke and Mornington Journal Tuesday 18 March 1920), and in April 1920, the title was transferred to James Leslie Peppin McCrae. In 1926, the title was transferred to Albert Percy Oxenbury. In 1928, the title was transferred to Frederick George Thomas Smith and James Henry Samuel Smith. A Newspaper clipping from 1934 advertises a clearing sale at The Meadows, Beaconsfield, by Messrs. Smith Bros who ‘are giving up dairying and going in for sheep’ (The Argus, Tuesday 3 April 1934).

The land was further subdivided in 1941, the northern portion, in which 10 Smiths Lane is located, was transferred to Frederick George Thomas Smith, then to Mabel Florence Love later that same year. In 1965, the title was transferred to ‘…th’ [sic] Gladwin Hooker and Kathleen Hooker (the Title document [Vol 6604, Folio 795] is damaged and the full first name ending in ‘th’ was not visible). In 1983, the title was transferred to Graeme Frank Bennet and Joanna Susan Bennet, who subdivided the land into two lots, the northern lot containing 10 Smiths Lane. In 2005, the title was transferred to the current landowners, Oakwood Riding School (Table 8).

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 33 Figure 25: Excerpt from a 1937 Parish map, approximate location of ‘The Meadows’ shown by red circle (State Library of Victoria 2015a)

Figure 26: Excerpt from a 1948 Parish of Cranbourne Map, approximate location of ‘The Meadows’ shown by red circle, within Terence O’Connor’s property (State Library of Victoria 2015b)

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 34 Table 8: Summary of Historical Land Ownership of at 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North (Source: Certificate of Title, Dept. of Lands)

Year Title Volume Folio Owner/s Comment Transferred Crown Portion 61 and part of Crown Section 74 known as Cardinia Creek Pre-emptive National Trustees Executors and Right, Parish of Cranbourne, County of 03955 939 18/7/1916 Agency Company of Australasia Mornington. Limited Terence O’Connor died 11 January 1887, probate was granted to Sarah O’Connor and Daniel Charles O’Connor on 10 March 1887 Part of Crown Section 74 known as Cardinia Frederick William Greaves of Officer, 12/9/1916 Creek Pre-emptive Right, Parish of Grazier Cranbourne, County of Mornington 03996 073 James Leslie Peppin McCrae of 24 8/4/1920 Kerford Street East Malvern Grazier Albert Percy Oxenbury of Mount View 5/6/1926 Alexandra Grazier Frederick George Thomas Smith of Part of Crown Section 74 known as Cardinia Bunbartha Grazier and James Henry 0542 939 3/8/1928 Creek Pre-emptive Right, Parish of Samuel Smith of Brown Street Cranbourne, County of Mornington Ivanhoe Timber Merchant Northern Part of Crown Section 74 known as Frederick George Thomas Smith of 10/10/1941 Cardinia Creek Pre-emptive Right, Parish of ‘The Meadows’, Beaconsfield, Grazier Cranbourne, County of Mornington Mabel Florence Love of East Malvern, 06604 795 11/12/1941 Married Woman ‘…th’ [sic] Gladwin Hooker and 28/6/1965 Kathleen Hooker both of 3 St. Martin Close, Kooyong* Graeme Frank Bennet, Farmer and Joanna Susan Bennet, Married Crown Section 74, known as Cardinia Creek 09535 132 8/11/1983 Woman, both of Smiths Lane, Clyde Pre-emptive Right North Graeme Frank Bennet, Farmer and Joanna Susan Bennet, Married Crown Section 74, known as Cardinia Creek 10/9/1984 Woman, both of Smiths Lane, Clyde Pre-emptive Right 09570 889 North Oakwood Riding School, of ‘The 6/9/2005 Meadows’, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North

* the Title document [Vol 6604, Folio 795] is damaged and the full first name ending in ‘…th’ was not visible; the name may possibly be something like ‘Kenneth’.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 35 4.2 Database Searches

A review of the following heritage databases was conducted on 11 May 2015.

Table 9: Heritage Databases

Heritage Database Description The Commonwealth Department of the Environment (DoE) maintains the National Heritage List (NHL), a register of exceptional natural, Aboriginal and historical heritage places which contribute to Australia’s national identity. DoE also maintains the Commonwealth Heritage List (CHL), a register of natural, Aboriginal or historical heritage places located on Commonwealth land which have Commonwealth heritage values. A place can be listed on one or both lists, and placement on either list gives the place statutory protection under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The World Heritage List (WHL) lists cultural and natural heritage places which are considered International, National and by the World Heritage Council to have outstanding universal value. Commonwealth Heritage DoE also maintains the Register of the National Estate (RNE) which is a list of natural, Lists Indigenous and historic heritage places throughout Australia. Following amendments to the Australian Heritage Council Act 2003, the RNE was frozen on 19 February 2007, and no new places have been added or removed since then. The RNE ceased as a statutory register in February 2012, although items listed on the RNE may continue to be considered during approvals processes. Many items on the RNE have been listed on the NHL or CHL. They may also be registered on State or local heritage registers. In these cases, those items are protected under the relevant Commonwealth or State heritage legislation. However, items that are only listed on the RNE no longer have statutory heritage protection. Listings on the NHL, CHL, WHL and RNE are accessed via the Australian Heritage Database (AHD), managed by DoE. The Victorian Heritage Register (VHR), established by the Victorian Heritage Act 1995, Victorian Heritage Register provides the highest level of statutory protection for historical sites in Victoria. Only the State’s most significant historical sites are listed on the VHR. The Victorian Heritage Inventory (VHI), established by the Victorian Heritage Act 1995, provides the statutory protection for all historical archaeological sites, areas or relics, and Victorian Heritage Inventory private collections of relics, in Victoria. Sites listed on the VHI are not of State significance but are usually of regional or local significance. The study area is located within the City of Casey and is governed by the Casey Planning Local Council Scheme. Planning schemes set out policies and provisions for the use, development and protection of land. The National Trust of Australia (Victoria) is an independent, not-for-profit organisation that classifies a number of heritage places. Listing on the National Trust Register (NTR) does not National Trust Register impose any statutory protection, however often National Trust listings are supported by the local council Planning Scheme.

The search did not identify any heritage listings or registrations at 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North.

4.3 Previous Assessment

10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North has not been included in any previous heritage assessments.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 36 4.4 Current Curtilage

There are currently no heritage listings or registrations at 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North.

4.5 Review of Aerial Imagery

Review of aerial imagery available from the Melbourne 1963/64 Project, the Melbourne 1970 Project, Department of Crown Lands and Survey Cranbourne and Garfield 1981, Melbourne 1991 Project and Google Earth was undertaken. Aerial images from 1963 to 1991 show little to no vegetation and no associated outbuildings or other features in the immediate surrounds of the dwelling (Figure 27 to Figure 29). The 1991 aerial (Figure 29) shows recently planted trees lining the driveway. Both the 1991 (Figure 29) and 2006 (Figure 30) aerials show replanting along Cardinia Creek, and Figure 30 and Figure 31 shows established trees along driveway, and a garden around dwelling.

Figure 27: 1964 Aerial Image showing location of The Meadows in red square, note the absence of associated outbuildings and limited vegetation immediately surrounding the dwelling (Melbourne 1963 Project, Run 35)

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 37 Figure 28: 1980 Aerial Image showing location of The Meadows in red square (Department of Crown Lands and Survey, Cranbourne 7921-1/80, Run 8)

Figure 29: 1991 Aerial Image showing location of The Meadows in red square (Melbourne 1991 Project, Run 31)

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 38 Figure 30: 2006 Google Earth image showing location of The Meadows in red square

Figure 31: 2010 Google Earth image showing development of the riding school and the location of ‘The Meadows’ in red square

4.6 Site Inspection

A site inspection was completed on 14 May 2015 by Ecology and Heritage Partners Cultural Heritage Advisor and Archaeologist Bradley Ward.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 39 Plate 16: View south east over western side of dwelling Plate 15: View south west over front of dwelling

The Meadows comprises a mid-Victorian, hip-roofed, square brick dwelling, with four rooms and a central corridor, however inspection inside the dwelling was outside the scope of works for this assessment. The dwelling is oriented north east, with the front facing towards Cardinia Creek. Two fireplaces are located in the rear eastern and western rooms.

The front façade of the dwelling comprises a central four panelled wooden front door with four sash windows placed symmetrically, two either side of the door (Plate 15). The front door is bordered by squared fanlight and sidelights (Plate 17). The four sash windows appear to be original, set into the walls with a brick lintel and large, possibly stone, sill (Plate 18, painted at the time of the assessment). Weatherboard additions have been made to the eastern, western and southern sides of the dwelling, closing in the veranda (Plate 16 and Plate 19), and extending slightly beyond the veranda to the south (Plate 20). In addition, a weatherboard garage has been constructed south east of the dwelling (Plate 21). The dwelling is set in a garden of planted exotic and indigenous trees (Plate 22), the majority recently planted as confirmed by a review of aerial imagery (Section 4.5).

The extant roof and veranda of the dwelling is constructed of single sheets of corrugated iron and a combination of timber and metal posts and supports (Plate 23). However, fragments of roofing slate were identified in the garden bed surrounding the dwelling (Plate 24), suggesting that the original roof was of slate. The veranda is of skillion form. The dwelling is occupied by the current land owners, and remains in good condition. No evidence of any associated outbuildings were identified during the site inspection.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 40 Plate 17: Front door of dwelling Plate 18: Sash window along front of dwelling

Plate 19: View north west over eastern side of dwelling Plate 20: View north east over rear of dwelling

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 41 Plate 21: View north east over garage at rear of dwelling Plate 22: View north over replanted garden in front of dwelling

Plate 23: View along roof of front veranda Plate 24: Roofing slate identified in the garden surrounding the dwelling

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 42 5 REVISED STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE

5.1 Assessing Cultural Significance

Heritage Victoria administers the Heritage Act 1995, and has provided formal criteria for assessing cultural heritage significance. Applying these criteria will determine if a heritage place should be considered for addition to the Victorian Heritage Register or other statutory lists. On the basis of these criteria, heritage places are generally given a significance ranking of State, Local or none.

The Heritage Victoria Practice Note Applying the Heritage Overlay (2012) notes the following criteria be used for the assessment of the heritage values of a heritage place.

Table 10: Heritage Criteria

Criteria Description Importance to the course or pattern of our cultural or natural history (historical Criterion A significance). Possession of uncommon rare or endangered aspects of our cultural or natural history Criterion B (rarity). Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of our cultural Criterion C or natural history (research potential). Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or Criterion D natural places or environments (representativeness). Criterion E Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics (aesthetic significance). Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a Criterion F particular period (technical significance). Strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. This includes the significance of a place to Indigenous Criterion G peoples as part of their continuing and developing cultural traditions (social significance). Special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of Criterion H importance in our history (associative significance).

A Statement of Significance describes what is important about a site and is an evaluation of its cultural heritage significance. The Statement of Significance was prepared in accordance with the ICOMOS Burra Charter and the Heritage Council of Victoria’s Criteria for Assessing Cultural Heritage Significance. The cultural heritage significance was assessed against the following categories:  Aesthetic significance;

 Historical significance;  Scientific significance; and  Social or spiritual significance.

A full description on the methodology used for the significance assessment is provided in Appendix 2.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 43 5.2 Cultural Heritage Significance of St Germains (HO16)

The following statement of significance agrees with the previous significance assessments prepared by Butler and Associates (1996: 7) and Context (2004b: 835), with a minor amendment regarding the retention of two palm trees. What is Significant? St Germains (HO16) comprises a late Victorian Italianate dwelling constructed c.1890 and remnant ornamental landscape of mature tree plantings, and two contemporary palm trees, located at 95 McCormacks Road, Clyde North (Map 2a). How is it Significant?

HO16 is of historic and aesthetic significance to the City of Casey. Why is it Significant? The site is significant to the City of Casey for the following reasons:

 Historically, HO16 is significant for the relative age and size of the dwelling and the association with early pastoral history of the region. HO16 provides a representative example of a substantial rural homestead of the pastoral era. HO16 is also of historical significance as the residence of locally prominent figure Alexander Patterson, and the association with other members of the regionally important Patterson family (Criterion A, D and H).  Aesthetically, HO16 is significant as a representative example of a late Victorian Italianate residence set in remnant ornamental garden, including the two contemporaneous ornamental palms west of the ornamental garden (Criterion E).

5.3 Cultural Heritage Significance of Southside Lodge (HO130, formerly ‘Kurrajong’)

The following statement of significance agrees with and builds on the previous significance assessment prepared by Butler and Associates (1998: 73-74). What is Significant? Southside Lodge (HO130), formerly ‘Kurrajong’, comprises two Kurrajong trees (Brachychiton populneus) located in the southern corner of the property at 465 Pattersons Road, Clyde North (Map 2b). When originally identified in 1998 (Butler and Associates), the listing also included a timber hipped and gabled roof house with a veranda and Hawthorn hedges immediately north of the Kurrajong trees. These features are no longer present, and are not considered to form part of the heritage values of the place any longer. Though archaeological deposits associated with the dwelling may remain, no visible surface evidence of the dwelling remains.

How is it Significant? HO130 is of local aesthetic significance to the City of Casey.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 44 Why is it Significant? The site is significant to the City of Casey for the following reason:

 Aesthetically, HO130 is significant as a rare example of the Kurrajong tree (Brachychiton populneus) within the City of Casey, and the pairing of the two trees either side of the entry to the former dwelling (Criterion E).

The former statement of significance prepared by Butler and Associates (1998: 73-74) included potential historic significance of the timber dwelling and Hawthorn hedges for their association with the Cadd family, an early pioneering family of Cranbourne. Given the dwelling and hedges no longer remain, the statement of significance has been revised to omit these features, and the name returned to ‘Kurrajong Trees’ (HO130).

5.4 Cultural Heritage Significance of The Meadows, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North

The following provides a statement of significance for The Meadows, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North, which has not been previously assessed.

What is Significant? The Meadows, located at 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North, comprises an early to mid-Victorian brick dwelling, constructed in the mid-nineteenth century (Map 2c).

Though the dwelling is currently set in a garden of planted exotic and indigenous trees, due to their recent age (post 1980s), these are not considered to be associated with the heritage values the site. How is it Significant?

The Meadows, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North is of historical significance to the City of Casey. Why is it Significant? The site is significant to the City of Casey for the following reasons:

 Historically, The Meadows, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North is significant for the early age of the dwelling (mid-nineteenth century), its association with the early pastoral history of the region and as the residence of Terence O’Connor, a prominent pastoral pioneer of the region (Criterion A and H).

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 45 6 RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 St Germains (HO16)

Recommendation 1: St Germains (HO16) be retained

Recommendation 4: Planning Guidelines in Proximity to HO16 Part of the property is affected by Conservation Area 36 under the Biodiversity Conservation Strategy for Melbourne’s Growth Corridors (BCS) (Department of Environment and Primary Industries 2013). Under the BCS there is an expectation that a large regional park will be established on the land surrounding the homestead to the north, east and west. No urban development is permitted inside Conservation Area 36. Should urban development approach the curtilage of St Germains (HO16), planning guidelines should seek to retain a sense of open space around the place, which will assist in interpreting the associations of the heritage place with its pastoral/farming origins. Guidelines should be developed for any development that abuts the Heritage Overlay polygon boundary. Such guidelines should specify design requirements for

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 46 appropriate height, setbacks and presentation of developments which face the heritage place that contribute to that sense of open space.

6.2 Southside Lodge (HO130, formerly ‘Kurrajong’)

Recommendation 1: HO130 be Retained It is recommended that HO130 be retained and incorporated into the McPherson Precinct Structure Plan, and renamed as ‘Kurrajong Trees’.

Recommendation 2: Reduction of existing Heritage Overly Curtilage of HO130 It is recommended that the Heritage Overlay Curtilage for HO130 be reduced from the current extent (comprising the whole of the property; Map 2b) to include only the features identified to be of significance (Section 5.3): the two Kurrajong trees. The heritage place is therefore recommended to include only the two Kurrajong trees, the land beneath and beyond the outer edge of the canopy of the trees extending another 10 m (Map 3b). This assessment considers the revision of the curtilage will not impact the significance nor the heritage values identified for this place. Recommendation 3: Planning Guidelines in Proximity to HO130

Should urban development approach the curtilage of HO130, planning guidelines should seek to retain the trees’ use as an ‘entrance-border’, which will assist in interpreting the associations of the heritage place with its former function. Guidelines should be developed for any development that abuts the Heritage Overlay polygon boundary. Such guidelines should specify design requirements for appropriate height, setbacks and presentation of developments which face the heritage place that contribute to that entrance border function. Any ground disturbance works should be cognisant of the trees’ root zone and works should be designed to ensure that no detrimental impacts to the trees occur either above or below ground.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 47 Recommendation 4: No further works in relation to archaeological potential The field inspection did not identify any evidence of the timber dwelling that that formed part of the original heritage citation for HO130. Therefore, it is considered the condition of any remaining archaeological deposits at the location of this dwelling is unlikely to be of sufficient quality to meet the thresholds for inclusion of this place on the Victorian Heritage Inventory.

6.3 The Meadows, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 48 MAPS

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 49 Map 1: Location of St Germains (HO16), Southside Lodge (HO130) and 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde North within the McPherson PSP

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 50 Map 2: Current Curtilage of St Germains (HO16), Southside Lodge (HO130) and extent of 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 51 McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 52 McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 53 Map 3: Proposed Curtilage of St Germains (HO16), Southside Lodge (HO130) The Meadows, 10 Smiths Lane, Clyde

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 54 McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 55 McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 56 APPENDICES

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 57 Appendix 1: Heritage Legislation

A2.1 Heritage Act 1995 (State) The Victorian Heritage Act 1995 (the Act) is administered by Heritage Victoria (HV) and is the Victorian Government's key piece of historical heritage legislation. The Act identifies and protects heritage places and objects that are of significance to the State of Victoria including:

 Historic archaeological sites and artefacts;  Historic buildings, structures and precincts;  Gardens, trees and cemeteries;

 Cultural landscapes;  Shipwrecks and relics; and  Significant objects.

The Victorian Heritage Register The Victorian Heritage Register (VHR) lists the State’s most significant heritage places and objects. These can be searched on the Victorian Heritage Database.

The Heritage Council determines what places and objects are included and only those places and objects of outstanding significance are added. The process for adding a place or object is a considered one. A place or object cannot be added to the Register before the Heritage Council seeks the views of the owner. If a heritage place or object is recommended to the Register, then owners are given a report that includes a statement of cultural heritage significance, a proposed extent of registration, and any proposed activities that may not require a permit.

A heritage object can include furniture, shipwreck relics, archaeological artefacts, equipment, transport vehicles, and articles of everyday use that contribute to an understanding of Victoria’s history. Objects can be registered in association with heritage places, or in their own right.

The Victorian Heritage Inventory Under Section 121 of the Heritage Act 1995, the Victorian Heritage Inventory (VHI) records all places or objects identified as historic archaeological sites, areas or relics, all known areas where archaeological relics are located, all known occurrences of archaeological relics and all persons known to be holding private collections of artefacts. Under Section 127 of the Heritage Act 1995 it is an offence to damage or disturb an archaeological site or relic, irrespective of whether it is listed on the Heritage Inventory or Heritage Register. Under Section 129 of the Heritage Act 1995 a Consent from Heritage Victoria is required if a person wishes to:

a) Uncover or expose an archaeological relic;

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 58 b) Excavate any land for the purpose of discovering, uncovering or moving an archaeological relic; or c) Deface or damage or otherwise interfere with an archaeological relic or carry out an act likely to endanger an archaeological relic; or d) Possess an archaeological relic for the purposes of sale; or e) To buy or sell an archaeological relic.

Any application for a consent to the Executive Director must be accompanied by the prescribed fee. Various classes of works apply to the application fees. The Heritage Council may waive the fees if it is satisfied that the activities to which the application relates:

a) Are for the purposes of conservation or protection of the archaeological relic; or b) Are to assist in relevant anthropological, archaeological, ethnographic; historical or scientific research; or

c) Are to educate the public as to the cultural heritage significance of the archaeological relic in its context; or d) Are for the safety of the public; or

e) Are the same, or primarily the same, as those for which a consent has previously been issued to an applicant in relation to that registered place or registered object. Up until late 2009, Heritage Victoria had a ‘D’ classification for places that are considered to have low historical or scientific significance. These sites are listed on the Victorian Heritage Inventory but are not subject to statutory protection, therefore there is no requirement to obtain a Consent to Disturb or destroy these sites. Heritage Victoria has requested that a letter be sent to them informing them if ‘D’ listed sites or places are destroyed to maintain records of these destroyed sites. A2.2 Planning and Environment Act 1987 (State) All municipalities in Victoria are covered by land use planning controls which are prepared and administered by State and local government authorities. The legislation governing such controls is the Planning and Environment Act 1987. Places of significance to a locality can be listed on a local planning scheme and protected by a Heritage Overlay (or other overlay where appropriate). Places of Aboriginal cultural heritage significance are not often included on local government planning schemes. A2.3 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Commonwealth) The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) provides a national framework for the protection of heritage and the environment and the conservation of biodiversity. The EPBC Act is administered by the Australian Government Department of Environment (DoE). The Australian Heritage Council assesses whether or not a nominated place is appropriate for listing on either the National or Commonwealth Heritage Lists and makes a recommendation to the Minister on that basis. The Minister for the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts makes the final decision on listing. DoE also administers the Register of the National Estate.

The objectives of the EPBC Act are:

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 59  To provide for the protection of the environment, especially those aspects of the environment that are matters of national environmental significance;

 To promote ecologically sustainable development through the conservation and ecologically sustainable use of natural resources;  To promote the conservation of biodiversity;

 To provide for the protection and conservation of heritage;  To promote a cooperative approach to the protection and management of the environment involving governments, the community, land-holders and indigenous peoples;

 To assist in the cooperative implementation of Australia’s international environmental responsibilities;  To recognise the role of indigenous people in the conservation and ecologically sustainable use of Australia’s biodiversity; and  To promote the use of indigenous peoples' knowledge of biodiversity with the involvement of, and in cooperation with, the owners of the knowledge.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 60 Appendix 2: Significance Assessment

A4.1. The ICOMOS Burra Charter The standard for determining significance of places is derived from an international formula developed by ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites). In Australia, the Burra Charter has been developed by ICOMOS which is a Charter for the Conservation of Cultural Significance (Australia ICOMOS 1999). The Burra Charter defines cultural significance as “aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for past, present or future generations” (Australia ICOMOS 1999: Section 1.2). Cultural significance is a concept which helps in estimating the value of places. The Burra Charter Cultural Significance Guidelines definitions of the values implicit in assessing cultural significance are as follows (Australia ICOMOS 1999):

Aesthetic value: Aesthetic value includes aspects of sensory perception for which criteria can and should be stated. Such criteria may include consideration of the form, scale, colour, texture and material of the fabric; the smells and sounds associated with its place and use.

Historic value: historic value encompasses the history of aesthetics, science and society, and therefore to a large extent underlies all the terms set out in this section. A place may have historic value because it has influenced, or has been influenced by, an historic figure, event, phase or activity. It may also have historic value as the site of an important event. For any given place the significance will be greater where evidence of the association or event survives in situ, or where the settings are substantially intact, than where it has been changed or evidence does not survive. However, some events or associations may be so important that the place retains significance regardless of subsequent treatment. Scientific value: The scientific or research value of a place will depend upon the importance of the data involved, on its rarity, quality or representativeness, and on the degree to which the place may contribute further substantial information. Social value: Social value embraces the qualities for which a place has become a focus of spiritual, political, national or other cultural sentiment to a majority or minority group. National Historic Themes It is noted that when assessing historic values that the use of historic themes is of benefit. Historic themes are used by heritage professionals to assist in understanding the meanings and connections that historic places may have in addition to the physical fabric of a place. Themes can help explain how particular elements of a place are significant because of their ability to illustrate important aspects of its history (Australian Heritage Commission 2001). The nine theme groups that are most commonly used nationally are:

Theme 1 Tracing the evolution of the Australian environment Theme 2 Peopling Australia Theme 3 Developing Local, Regional and National economies Theme 4 Building settlements, towns and cities Theme 5 Working

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 61 Theme 6 Educating Theme 7 Governing Theme 8 Developing Australia’s cultural life Theme 9 Marking the phases of life

These theme groups are further expanded into more focussed sub-themes which will not be expanded on here. The themes are intended to be non-hierarchal and a historic place may have a number of themes, which reflects how we look at the past, allowing for an integrated, diverse and complex human experience (Australian Heritage Commission 2001).

A4.2. The Heritage Act 1995 Criteria The Heritage Act 1995 defines eight criteria against which cultural heritage significance can be assessed. These criteria are used to assist in determining whether places of potential State significance should be included in the Heritage Register or other lists or registers. They are as follows:

Criterion A The historical importance, association with or relationship to Victoria’s history; Criterion B Good design or aesthetic characteristics; Criterion C Scientific or technical innovations or achievements; Criterion D Social or cultural associations Criterion E Potential to educate, illustrate or provide further scientific investigation in relation to Victoria’s cultural heritage; Criterion F Importance in exhibiting a richness, diversity or unusual integration of features; Criterion G Rarity or uniqueness of a place or object; and Criterion H The representative nature of a place or object as part of a class or type of places or objects.

In addition it is appropriate when assessing the significance of a site in Victoria to consider whether it is of Local, Regional or State (or potentially National) significance.

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 62 Appendix 3: Glossary

Items highlighted in bold italics in the definition are defined elsewhere in the glossary.

Acronym Description The name given to encompass the entire collection of artefacts recovered by archaeologists, Assemblage invariably classified into diagnostic items used to describe the material culture. Commonwealth Heritage List. A register of heritage places, under the EPBC Act, on CHL Commonwealth land or managed by the Commonwealth. CHMP Cultural Heritage Management Plan. A plan prepared under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006. Department of the Environment. The Commonwealth Government department responsible for DoE management of heritage places on Commonwealth land or listed on the WHL, NHL or CHL. Department of the Premier and Cabinet. The Victorian State Government department, of which DPC OAAV is a part, responsible for management of Aboriginal cultural heritage in Victoria. Department of Transport, Planning and Local Infrastructure. The Victorian State Government DTPLI department, of which HV is a part, responsible for management of historical (non-Aboriginal) heritage in Victoria. EPBC Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Commonwealth) Any physical element, feature, material or finish that is associated with the heritage values in all Fabric (Heritage) or part of a structure, place, object, feature or site. The original heritage fabric is any such physical element that was an integral part of the original heritage site. A collection of one or more contexts representing some human non-portable activity that Feature (Archaeological) generally has a vertical characteristic to it in relation to site stratigraphy. A registered historical site listed on a heritage planning instrument that affords statutory Heritage Place protection to the site. The values of a heritage site that relate to its historical, social, cultural, spiritual, architectural, Heritage Values archaeological or technological significance. Historical Heritage An area assessed by a Heritage Advisor as having potential for containing either surface or Likelihood subsurface historical archaeological deposits or fabric. An historical site, whether or not recorded in the VHR, VHI or other historical site database (cf. Historical Site Heritage Place). Historical Heritage Assessment. An assessment of the historical heritage values of a defined HHA study area by a qualified heritage consultant. Heritage Overlay. A list of Heritage Places of local significance with statutory protection under a HO local government planning scheme. Heritage Victoria. A division of DTPLI responsible for management of historical heritage in HV Victoria. Metropolitan Planning Authority. Agency responsible for planning and coordinating MPA infrastructure development in Melbourne’s growth areas: Casey, Cardinia, Hume, Melton, Mitchell, Whittlesea and Wyndham. National Heritage List. A register of heritage places, under the EPBC Act, of heritage places of NHL national significance. Office of Aboriginal Affairs Victoria. A division of DPC responsible for management of Aboriginal OAAV cultural heritage in Victoria. Precinct Structure Plan. A master plan to guide development in a specified section of one of PSP Melbourne’s growth areas (cf. MPA).

McPherson PSP Targeted Heritage Review, Clyde North Victoria: August 2015 63 Acronym Description Register of the National Estate. A commonwealth-managed register of heritage assets; as of RNE 2012 the RNE no longer provides statutory protection to heritage places. The study of the processes (both natural and cultural) which affect the deposition and Taphonomy preservation of both the artefacts and the site itself. Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Register. A register of Aboriginal places and Aboriginal historic VAHR Places maintained by OAAV. Victorian Heritage Inventory. A register of places and objects in Victoria identified as historical archaeological sites, areas or relics, and all private collections of artefacts, maintained by HV. VHI Sites listed on the VHI are not of State significance but are usually of regional or local significance. Listing on the VHR provides statutory protection for that a site, except in the case where a site has been “D-listed”. Victorian Heritage Register. A register of the State’s most significant heritage places and VHR objects, maintained by HV. Listing on the VHR provides statutory protection for that a site. World Heritage List. A register of heritage places, under the EPBC Act, of heritage places of WHL international significance.

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