Improving Law Enforcement Capacity to Counter Transnational Organised Crime

Section 1: Training Course Outlines for Improved Control

Module 3: Air Border Law Enforcement

Copyright © Office on Drugs and Crime, June 2014. Disclaimer: This report was produced by the United Nations Office for Drugs and Crime, Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific, in Bangkok, Thailand. This is not an official document of the United Nations. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNODC, Member States, or contributory organizations, nor does it imply any endorsement. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.

Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved

Contents Footnote Sources and Reference Keys ...... 1 Timetable ...... 2 Introduction ...... 3 Chapter 1: Legislation ...... 4 1.1 International legislation, agreements & conventions...... 5 1.2 Annexes to the Chicago Convention...... 7 1.3 National Legislation...... 9 1.4 Operation and plans for a specific ...... 10 Chapter 2: Practices & Procedures ...... 11 2.1 measures...... 12 2.2 General aviation terminals (GATs)...... 14 2.3 Co-operation with other Border LE agencies, authorities and carriers ...... 15 2.4 Emergency procedures & crisis management ...... 16 Chapter 3: Border Control...... 17 3.1 Risk profiling ...... 18 3.2 Refusal of entry and removal ...... 20 3.3 Airport documents...... 22 3.4 Airport terminology ...... 23 3.5 Air border English language training ...... 24 3.6 VIP and other specialised flights ...... 25 Chapter 4: Second line activities and controls...... 26 4.1 Risk analysis ...... 27 4.2 Pre-arrival information & checks ...... 28 4.3 Asylum procedures ...... 29 4.4 Internal body concealments ...... 30 4.5 Transit areas...... 31 4.6 Aircraft checks...... 32 4.7 Public areas ...... 33

UNODC Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific

Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Footnote Sources and Reference Keys The training curriculum subjects contained in the Guide to Model Border Academy have been obtained from the following sources and are also available in the Catalogue of Training Curriculum for Border Agencies ( General, Land, Sea Air & Modules (Annex I): • : Schengen Border Code, Schengen Catalogue, Schengen Handbook, Training Manual on IBM in European Commission External Cooperation 2009, EU IBM Guidelines (Catalogue ‘E’ refers); • EU Customs Blueprints (Catalogue ‘CB’ refers); • FRONTEX Frontières extérieures for ‘external ’ (European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union (Catalogue ‘FX’ refers); • Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) (Catalogue ‘O’ refers); • International Organisation for Migration (IOM) (Catalogue ‘I’ refers); • Finnish Service(Catalogue ‘FG’ refers); • US Customs Border Protection material from published documents on the internet(Catalogue ‘USC’ refers); • United Nations High Commissioner for (UNHCR), material from published documents on the internet(Catalogue ‘UR’ refers); • Federal Law Enforcement Training Centre (FLETC) (Catalogue ‘FC’ refers); • Enforcement Academy (ILEA) and US Drug Enforcement Agency (Catalogue ‘IA’ &’DA’ refer); • Jakarta Centre for Law Enforcement Co-operation(Catalogue ‘JC’ refers); • Turkish International Academy against Drugs and Organised Crime (TADOC) (Catalogue ‘T’ refers); • Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations Asia and Pacific Region Bangkok(Catalogue ‘FAO’ refers); • (e) signifies Electronic-learning material or Computer-based Training (CBT); thus, UC(e) refers to e-learning training material available from the UNODC.

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Timetable # Title Duration 1 Legislation 1.1 International legislation, agreements & conventions 5 Days 1.2 Annexes to the Chicago Convention 5 Days 1.3 National Legislation 3 Days 1.4 Operation and security plans for a specific airport 5 Days 2 Practices & Procedures 2.1 Airport secutity measures 10 Days 2.2 General aviaton terminals (GAT) 3 Days 2.3 Co-operation with other Border LE agencies, authorities and 2 Days carriers 2.4 Emergency procedures 7 cris management 3 Days 3 Border Control 3.1 Risk profiling 3 Days 3.2 Refusal of entry & removal 5 Days 3.3 Airport documents 5 Days 3.4 Airport terminology 2 Days 3.5 Air border English lanuage training 5 Days 3.6 VIP and other specialised flights 3 Days 4 Second line activities & controls 4.1 Risk analysis 2 Days 4.2 Pre-arrival information & checks 2 Days 4.3 Asylum procedures 4 Days 4.4 Internal body concealments 2 Days 4.5 Transit areas 2 Days 4.6 Aircraft gate checks 2 Days 4.7 Public areas 2 Days Total 68 Days

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Introduction The Air Border Law Enforcement Module seeks to improve and develop the general levels of knowledge and skills gained from completing the General Border LE Module, but in the specific area of Border LE work within an airport environment. It is designed to be a stand-alone module within a national curriculum, but it can also be used and combined with the General Module to supplement particular subjects. There is no set sequence in which the subjects are taught, this is a national decision, but basic knowledge and skills should be further developed within this module in order to ensure that no learning gaps occur. The proposed training methods are varied and include classroom-based activities, role playing practical exercises and it is recommended to also include on-the-job learning and mentoring by specialists in operational conditions using all available technical equipment. For the purposes of this module, a Border LEO’s basic task is to perform checks and examinations at an in order to primarily detect and deter illegal migration and reduce risks to the National security area. However, dependent upon the role and responsibilities placed upon the organisation, assigned responsibilities could also include the interdiction of illegal drugs. Once in the workplace, the LEO must take responsibility for improving and developing existing competencies and acquiring new skills, for example, by using e-learning, to enable them to pace with the ever changing requirements of Border LE control. Having successfully completed this module, the LEO will be qualified to effectively work at the required standard at an international airport within the territory.

General Aim: The Modules are designed to train newly recruited entry level non-commissioned officers of at least 18 years possessing high school graduation qualifications. The Air Border Law Enforcement Module aims to ensure that Air Border LEOs are provided with sufficient knowledge, skills and basic competencies in order for them to effectively, efficiently, professionally and ethically perform everyday Border LE duties held in high regard by their respective LE organisation and the travelling and general public.

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Chapter 1: Legislation 1

Duration 18 Days Aim LEOs list and describe the most important sections of National and International Legislation concerning air border activities and can use this knowledge during the course of everyday border LE duties at an international airport. They will also be able to identify and recognise when contraventions and violations of these laws have occurred. LEOs learn to act correctly and professionally according to national legislation and be aware of the connection between National and International Legislation concerning and air border law enforcement activities and identify the impact on their everyday duties.

1 CB,E & FX refer

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

1.1 International legislation, agreements & Course title: conventions 2

Duration 5 Days

Max Number of Participants 10–25

Description Description: LEOs fully list and describe the most important parts of International Legislation and Agreements concerning civil aviation, and apply this knowledge during the course of everyday border LE duties at an international airport, including: • Convention for the unification of certain rules relating to international carriage by air ( Convention) • Convention on international civil aviation (Chicago Convention) • Convention on offences and certain other acts committed on board aircraft () • Convention for the suppression of unlawful seizure of aircraft (Hague Convention); • Convention for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of civil aviation () In addition, LEOs identify and recognise the significance and impact that International legislation and agreements have on everyday Border LE duties.

Knowledge • LEOs fully list and describe the International Conventions (terminal performance obj.) relating to civil aviation and recognise the types of aircraft to which they apply (civil aircraft versus military, customs, , etc.). • LEOs define an ’s responsibilities in the case of death or injury of a passenger and also in the case of damage to and freight during air transport according to (Chapter 1). • LEOs recall and access, in general, the sections of the Chicago Convention related to the following: o Sovereignty (art. 1) o Civil and aircraft (art. 3 a, art. 3 b) o Ban on resorting to use of weapons (art. 3 bis* a) o Requirement to land for a civil aircraft over flying a national territory (art. 3 bis*b); o Right to make a non-scheduled flight (art. 5) o Scheduled air services (art. 6)

2 CB,E & FX refer

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

o Cabotage (art. 7) o Pilotless aircraft (art. 8) o Entry and clearance (art. 13) o Prevention of spread of disease (art. 14) o Search of aircraft (art. 16) o Customs and procedures (art. 23) o Aircraft in distress (art. 25) o Investigation of accidents (art. 26) o Documents carried in aircraft (art. 29) o Certificates of airworthiness (art. 31) o Licences for crew members (art. 32) o Journey logbooks (art. 34) • LEOs recall and access, in general, parts of the Tokyo Convention related to: o Scope of the Convention (Art. 1) o Jurisdiction (Art. 3, Art. 4) o Powers of Aircraft Commander (Art. 6,Art. 8, Art. 9) o Unlawful seizure of aircraft (Art. 11) o Powers and duties of states (Art.12, Art. 13) • LEOs recall and access, in general, parts of the Hague Convention- specifically articles; 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 10. • LEOs find and access in general parts of the Montreal Convention – specifically articles; 1, 3 and 5.

Skills • LEOs to conduct everyday duties fully aware and cognisant of (enabling performance obj.) the appropriate and relevant articles pertaining to International agreements relating to air border LE activities.

Training methods Lecture-based training, group discussions, debate and syndicate exercises and role plays.

Evaluation Written and oral tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written and oral tests, LEOs fully list and describe parts of International Legislation and Agreements that apply to their everyday Border LE duties while working at an international airport.

Equipment General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, etc.

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

3 Course title: 1.2 Annexes to the Chicago Convention

Duration 5 Days

Max Number of Participants 10–25

Description LEOs fully list and describe the most important parts of the Annexes of the Chicago Convention and apply this knowledge during the course of everyday border LE duties at an international airport, including, particularly, Annex 9 (Facilitation), Annex 17 (Security, protection of international aviation against unlawful acts) and Annex 18 (concerning dangerous cargo).

Knowledge • In accordance with Annex 9 concerning facilitation LEOs: (terminal performance obj.) o List and fully describe the entry and departure procedures for passengers o Apply the main procedures related to mishandled baggage; o Name crew member official documents; o Identify crew member rights o List, fully describe and apply the procedures for dealing with crew member certificates o List, fully describe and apply the procedures for dealing with the entry of other aircraft operator’s personnel (e.g. technical personnel) o List, fully describe, apply and interpret the security standard for documents (e.g., all travel documents to be machine readable) o List, fully describe and apply the procedures for inspecting travel documents in order to assist aircraft operators at . (e.g. liaison officers at the airports) o List, fully describe and apply the procedures for dealing with; document abuse and deportees o List the carriers’ responsibilities o List, fully describe and apply the procedures for dealing with an aircraft that has landed elsewhere than at an international airport (e.g., emergency situation when aircraft lands at a non-approved airport without border LE presence) o Powers of Aircraft Commander (Art. 6,Art. 8, Art. 9) o Unlawful seizure of aircraft (Art. 11) o Powers and duties of states (Art.12, Art. 13) • In accordance with Annex 17 concerning security at international airports, LEOs conduct the following:

3 CB,E & FX refer

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

o Recognise that each Member State has a Security National Program for Civil Aviation o State the necessary measures for dealing with security and protection of international aviation against unlawful acts • In accordance with Annex 18 concerning dangerous cargo at airports, LEOs are able to: o Name the main types of dangerous articles (explosives, corrosives, inflammables, toxics and radioactive) o Recognise the security level used to transport the mentioned articles.

Skills • LEOs conduct everyday Border LE duties being fully aware and (enabling performance obj.) cognisant of the appropriate and relevant articles of the Chicago Convention in particular Annexes; 9,17 & 18.

Training methods Lecture-based training, group discussions, case studies and syndicate exercises.

Evaluation Written and oral tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written and oral tests, LEOs fully list, describe and apply the relevant parts of the Chicago Convention during the course of their everyday Border LE duties at an international airport.

Equipment General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, etc.

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Course title: 1.3 National Legislation 4

Duration 3 Days

Max Number of Participants 10–25

Description LEOs fully list and describe the most important provisions of national legislation that applies to civil aviation and air border law enforcement activities and identify their impact on LEO everyday duties at an international airport.

Knowledge • LEOs fully describe and explain the provisions of national laws (terminal performance obj.) and other legislation concerning border control, civil aviation and other air border law enforcement related matters.

Skills • LEOs conduct everyday Border LE duties being fully aware and (enabling performance obj.) cognisant of the appropriate and relevant articles of the Chicago Convention in particular Annexes; 9, 17 & 18.

Training methods Lecture-based training, group discussions, case studies and syndicate exercises.

Evaluation Written and oral tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written and oral tests, LEOs fully list, describe and apply the relevant provisions of national legislation that pertain to civil aviation and air border law enforcement activities and are used during the course of their everyday duties.

Equipment General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, etc.

4 CB,E & FX refer

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

1.4 Operation and security plans for a specific Course title: airport 5 6

Duration 5 Days

Max Number of Participants 10–25

Description LEOs fully list and describe the features, principles and elements of an operational and security plan at an international airport.

Knowledge • LEOs fully list and describe the most important features, (terminal performance obj.) principles and elements of an operational and security plan at an international airport.

Skills • LEOs apply and carry out an operational and security plan at (enabling performance obj.) the airport.

Training methods Lecture-based training, group discussions, case studies and syndicate exercises.

Evaluation Written and oral tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written and oral tests, LEOs fully list, describe and apply the relevant principles and elements of an operational and security plan at an international airport.

Equipment General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, etc.

5 CB,E & FX refer 6 ‘Emergency Procedures’ & ‘Crisis Management’ Air Border Law Enforcement Module refers

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Chapter 2: Practices & Procedures 7

Duration 16 Days Aim LEOs operate efficiently, effectively and professionally at an international airport in accordance with relevant procedures and practices including security procedures and special procedures concerning General Aviation. LEOs act with courtesy and professionalism in co-operation with other border authorities and relevant agencies and follow established procedures in different crisis or emergency situations.

7 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Course title: 2.1 Airport security measures 8

Duration 10 Days

Max Number of Participants 15–20

Description LEOs fully list and describe the complete range of security measures applied at an international airport including search of aircraft.

Knowledge • LEOs fully list and describe the complete range of security (terminal performance obj.) measures employed at an international airport including: o Access system to restricted zones (security restricted areas, airport airside and other sensitive airport areas) o Identification, by airport access security pass type, the entitlement of persons to enter restricted zones o Difference between personal and vehicle access passes o Identifying persons responsible for the access control system and their role in this system o Items not to be taken into the security restricted area o Items prohibited on board an aircraft o LEOs responsibility concerning items prohibited on board aircraft o Application of the measures to be taken if not every passenger who has checked-in embarks o Implementation of the security measures that apply before entering an aircraft (e.g., in order to search, assist with disruptive passenger etc.) o Application of aircraft safety instructions and security procedures for searching an aircraft in general o Procedure for personal identification of luggage by individual passengers o Procedures for dealing with diplomatic mail and diplomatic bags o Categories of persons exempt from security controls o Application of procedures for dealing with persons exempt from security controls o Application of the procedures for dealing with people with particular needs and persons exempt from metal detector control for medical reasons o Procedures when dealing with passengers transporting a weapon

8 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

o Behaviour of passengers at security controls and the role that stress plays in that behaviour o Procedures when dealing with passengers and their luggage arriving from/departing to unsafe airports o Specific conditions and requirements for driving safely airside o Recalling the layout of airport (airside, landside), passenger and cargo terminals and other buildings at a specific airport

Skills • LEOs deal with breaches within the security restricted zone (enabling performance obj.) and identify signs of stress resulting from fear of flying and consider this when dealing with such passengers. • LEOs apply their knowledge in order to search an aircraft in accordance with aircraft safety instructions and security procedures. • LEOs strictly follow security procedures and to react appropriately when procedures are not followed.

Training methods Lecture-based training, group discussions, syndicate and practical exercises with specialist technical input (aircraft search) and field or study visits.

Evaluation Written, oral and practical tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written, oral and practical tests, LEOs fully list, describe and apply the full range of security measures applied at airport with particular emphasis on identifying restricted or prohibited items, security access systems and procedures which apply to a security zone.

Equipment General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, etc.

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Course title: 2.2 General aviation terminals (GATs) 9

Duration 3 Days

Max Number of Participants 15–20

Description LEOs understand the rationale behind GATs and the appropriate procedures for dealing with aircraft, crew and passengers that are entitled to use these facilities.

Knowledge • LEOs recognise and locate the business and private flight area (terminal performance obj.) at the airport (General Aviation Terminal or at the normal terminal of an airport), recognising the special of passengers at the GAT (VIP etc.). • LEOs list and fully explain the criteria for dealing with aircraft as general aviation and describe the responsibilities of handling agents. • LEOs interpret information provided in the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) flight plan and General Declaration.

Skills • LEOs perform air security measures and Border LE checks (enabling performance obj.) based on the specific aspects of general aviation (flight destination/origin).

Training methods Lecture-based training, case studies, syndicate and practical exercises, field or study visits.

Evaluation Written and practical oral tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written and practical tests, LEOs fully list, describe and apply GAT control measures.

Equipment General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, etc., and role players.

9 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

2.3 Co-operation with other Border LE agencies, Course title: authorities and carriers 10 11

Duration 3 Days

Max Number of Participants 20–25

Description LEOs to utilise the mechanisms for co-operation between their border LE organisation and different police forces, Customs, airport and other authorities in the area of border LE activities.

Knowledge • LEOs explain the procedures, processes and mechanisms (terminal performance obj.) required in order to initiate and maintain co-operation with other border LE agencies and authorities at an international airport. They will be able to name all relevant agencies operating at the airport, be aware of existing areas of co- operation and where there is a potential for Border LE co- operation in the future; • LEOs list the regulations on which Inter-Agency co-operation is currently based; • LEOs describe the responsibilities of all relevant agencies operating at an international airport and explain the daily cooperation between their organisation and other relevant agencies/ authorities.

Skills • LEOs satisfactorily operate and co-operate professionally with (enabling performance obj.) Border LE agencies, airport and other authorities and carriers in the area of border LE.

Training methods Lecture-based training, group discussions, case studies.

Evaluation Written and oral tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written and oral tests, LEOs name all relevant agencies operating at an international airport as well as fully describe the procedures, processes and mechanisms required in order to initiate and maintain co-operation with Border LE agencies airport and other authorities and carriers in the area of border LE.

Equipment General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, etc.

10 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer 11 General Border Law Enforcement Module: Section 21.0 ‘Co-operation and co-ordination with other Border LE agencies’ refers

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Course title: 2.4 Emergency procedures & crisis management 12

Duration 3 Days

Max Number of Participants 15–20

Description LEOs to describe and implement an emergency plan and procedures at an international airport and handle a range of public order disturbances during everyday Border LE duties.

Knowledge • LEOs name and describe emergency situations according to an (terminal performance obj.) emergency plan at an international airport, including: o fire alarm o bomb threat (including unattended luggage) o terrorist threat o terrorist attack (including hijacking) o epidemic or pandemic diseases o emergency landing o other emergencies (critical medical situations, passenger death) • LEOs are able to describe the levels of alarm according to ICAO standards. • LEOs are able to explain their tasks in different emergency situations based on the emergency plan including the use of communication/information channels and the role of a Crisis Operation Board. • LEOs are able to explain the initial response/action in cases of emergency and in cases of disturbance of public order (e.g. drunkenness, drugs, violent behaviour).

Skills • LEOs are able to apply and implement established procedures (enabling performance obj.) in different emergency and public disturbance situations.

Training methods Lecture-based training, group discussions, case studies and practical simulated exercises.

Evaluation Written and oral tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written and oral tests, LEOs clearly describe and implement an airport emergency plan involving a range of emergency situations.

Equipment General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, etc., and role players.

12 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Chapter 3: Border Control 13

Duration 23 Days Aim LE Officers learn to perform Border LE checks at an international airport efficiently, effectively and professionally in line with laid down procedures and practices using all means at their disposal, including risk assessment and risk profiling, in order to counter illegal migration and drug , reducing risks to National security and public safety. LEOs gain awareness of the value of risk analysis and information exchange within everyday Border LE duties and are able to conduct tasks in a courteous, firm, but also when required, sensitive manner, particularly when handling VIP or other specialised flights.

13 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Course title: 3.1 Risk profiling 14 15

Duration 5 Days

Max Number of Participants 10–15

Description LEOs describe the process of performing risk assessment at an international airport, raising the level of awareness and consideration of areas in the controls where there may be potential weaknesses or vulnerability with regard to illegal migration or drug smuggling. This module also encourages LEOs to consider solutions to minimise or resolve these issues. In addition, LEOs learn about risk profiling - what it is and how to create a risk profile for use at an international airport, analysing common characteristics and how by identifying these characteristics, it is possible to acquire knowledge of illegal border activities and the methods used by criminals to circumvent controls. Specific areas of learning will include: o Ticketing and routing o Document examination o Clothing, luggage, bag tags o Abuse of the transit concession (transit jumpers) o Passenger lists o Facilitation o UMs (unaccompanied minors) o Possible checks on those who have come to collect arriving passengers

Knowledge • LEOs explain the purpose of specific risk analysis; (terminal performance obj.) • LEOs recognise the logical and illogical routing of flights. • LEOs identify the reasons for illogical routing (e.g., in interview with passenger). • LEOs describe and identify document abuse. • LEOs interpret the travel history on the basis of travel documents presented and baggage tags (e.g., history of stamps and visas in the , difference between baggage tags and -based travel history, difference between the flight ticket and baggage tag-based travel history).

14 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer 15 ‘Profiling and analysis’ General Border Law Enforcement Module, Risk analysis and information exchange and Transit area, Air Border Law Enforcement Module refers

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

• LEOs evaluate other supporting documents (e.g. social insurance, residence permits, driving licences). • LEOs assess the behaviour and body language of passengers including being able to make an accurate assessment and comparison of the passenger with their clothing and luggage. • LEOs are able to describe the information included in a passenger list. • LEOs explain the issuance procedure of passenger tickets. • LEOs recognise signs of possible cases of facilitation. • LEOs describe and apply the procedure for dealing with unaccompanied minors (UMs). • LEOs explain when it would be appropriate to interview those who have come to collect arriving passengers (purpose of the stay, confirmation of presence of the husband, etc.).

Skills • LEOs carry out everyday Border LE duties while applying and (enabling performance obj.) implementing current risk assessments (specific risk analysis). • LEOs create risk profiling matrices and explain the reasons for their actions (arrivals /departures). • LEOs prevent illegal Border LE activities by profiling of passengers.

Training methods Lecture-based training, group discussions, case studies and practical simulated exercises and role plays.

Evaluation Written and practical tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written and practical tests, LEOs clearly demonstrate the ability to understand passenger risk indicators in terms of routing ticketing, baggage / baggage tags, clothing and behaviour and can also confidently apply acquired skill and knowledge by implementing risk assessment and risk profiling of passengers at an international airport.

Equipment General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, etc., and role players.

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Course title: 3.2 Refusal of entry and removal 16 17

Duration 5 Days

Max Number of Participants 10–15

Description LEOs describe the procedures employed in cases where passengers are refused entry, deported or removed from a country with or without an escort and can handle these situations assertively, but also with sensitivity.

Knowledge • LEOs explain the carrier’s responsibilities in cases of refusal of (terminal performance obj.) entry. • LEOs distinguish between administrative refusal and refusal in cases of document abuse or criminal background • LEOs describe the actions following refusal of entry for administrative reasons: o Contact the airline (Chicago convention) o Contact the responsible person to organise accommodation, food, etc. o Inform the consulate / diplomatic representation in cases of delayed removals. • LEOs describe the actions following refusal of entry in cases of document abuse or criminal background: o Contact the airline o Contact the responsible person to organise accommodation, food, etc. o Inform the consulate / diplomatic representation in cases of delayed removals o Procedures under EU and national law o Security procedures in cases of detention • LEOs describe the procedures involved in removal (inadmissible passenger = INAD pax) and describe their role in this process. • LEOs describe the procedure of and to describe their role in this process. • LEOs describe the problems and needs of passenger in cases of refusals and removals.

Skills • LEOs deal with refusals of entry. (enabling performance obj.) • LEOs assist colleagues in deportation cases and removal operations.

16 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer 17 ‘Applied Psychology’,’ Sociology’ & ‘Human Rights’ General Border Law Enforcement Modules refer

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

• LEOs deal with detainees according to security instructions and human rights principles. • LEOs use cultural and psychological competences when dealing with passengers in cases of refusals and removals.

Training methods Lecture-based training, group discussions, case studies and practical simulated exercises and role plays.

Evaluation Written and practical tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written and practical tests, LEOs clearly demonstrate the ability to effectively, efficiently and professionally handle cases and situations where passengers are refused entry or removed from a country.

Equipment General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, etc., and role players.

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Course title: 3.3 Airport documents 18

Duration 5 Days

Duration 20–25

Max Number of Participants LEOs to list, describe and recognise the different types of documents encountered at an international airport, including airline flight tickets, baggage tags and airside security passes. For specific types of documents, LEOs learn to interpret the information that they contain and can use it to make informed selection of passengers for further Border LE checks and control.

Description • LEOs describe the airline ticketing system; • LEOs identify different ticket types; • LEOs interpret information provided by a ticket, pass and baggage tags; • LEOs describe the relationship between the booking history and an ; • LEOs recognise and describe security features of: o Tickets o Crew member certificate defined by ICAO convention o Airport access security pass o Airport airside driving licence o Airside access pass for vehicle o ICAO passenger manifest used for private flights o Diplomatic airside access permits. • LEOs identify arrival and departure cards issued for third country nationals.

Knowledge • LEOs detect document abuse (document validity and (terminal performance obj.) authenticity).

Skills • Lecture-based training, group discussions, case studies and (enabling performance obj.) practical simulated exercises and role plays.

Training methods Written and practical tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written and PRACTICAL tests, LEOs clearly demonstrate the ability to interpret travel documents and detect falsifications in an airport working environment.

Evaluation General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper etc. and role players.

18 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer

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Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Course title: 3.4 Airport terminology 19 20

Duration 2 Days

Max Number of Participants 20–25

Description LEOs recognise and use international airport terminology, including: the Phonetic alphabet, International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) airport abbreviation, aircraft country codes and, International Association of Travel Agent (IATA) airport codes.

Knowledge • LEOs recall the abbreviations and lists of abbreviations used at (terminal performance obj.) an international airport. • LEOs use the phonetic alphabet and IATA airport codes (three letter code and four letter code).

Skills • LEOs carry out their Border LE duties by using specialised (enabling performance obj.) airport terminology in their mother tongue. • LEOs communicate with the airport air-control authorities using specialised airport vocabulary, the phonetic alphabet and terminology. • LEOs explain airport security measures using special vocabulary.

Training methods Lecture-based training, group discussions.

Evaluation Written tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written and oral tests, LEOs clearly demonstrate the ability to use specialised airport terminology to communicate with other airport agencies and organisations during the course of everyday duties.

Equipment General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, etc.

19 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer 20 Air Border Law Enforcement Module: Section 2.1 ‘Airport Security measures’ refers

UNODC Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific 23

Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Course title: 3.5 Air border English language training 21 22

Duration 5 Days

Max Number of Participants 20–25

Description LEOs learn and use specific English terminology related to an international airport working environment in order to communicate with civil aviation counterparts and other agencies both at home and abroad and to effectively perform Border LE controls.

Knowledge • LEOs to utilise specific English language terminology (terminal performance obj.) concerning the airport working environment, civil aviation and Border LE controls and further use this knowledge and skill to develop cooperation with other agencies at the airport as well as International agencies. • LEOs utilise English language skills to interpret information provided in travel documents and tickets in English (e.g., used by travel agencies, handling agents and ).

Skills • LEOs apply English language knowledge and skills during the (enabling performance obj.) course of everyday Border LE duties while working at an international airport.

Training methods Lecture-based training group discussions, practical simulated exercises and role plays.

Evaluation Written and oral tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written and oral tests, LEOs clearly demonstrate the ability to use specific airport English language terminology to effectively carry out their everyday Border LE duties.

Equipment General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, etc.

21 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer 22 ‘General Border Law Enforcement Module: Section 7.0 ‘English language and other commonly used foreign language training’ ; Section 21 ‘Cooperation with other Border LE agencies’ & Air Border Law Enforcement Module: Section 3.3 ‘Specific Airport documents ’ refer

UNODC Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific 24

Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Course title: 3.6 VIP and other specialised flights 23

Duration 3 Days

Max Number of Participants 20–25

Description LEOs learn to perform Border LE controls effectively and professionally when dealing with a variety of specialised flights.

Knowledge • LEOs apply and implement special procedures for dealing with (terminal performance obj.) official state flights. • LEOs describe the procedure for handling VIP flights. • LEOs describe the procedure for examining crew members and passengers travelling on cargo flights. • LEOs describe the special procedures for dealing with high value cargo (e.g. gold, money, nuclear materials, diamonds etc.). • LEOs describe and apply the procedures for examining crew members (including medical staff) and passengers and patients on ambulance flights and identify any special needs of patients and relatives on board those flights. • LEOs identify their role and responsibilities and apply and implement special procedures concerning the following: o Military flights o Humanitarian flights o High risk flights

Skills • LEOs perform Border LE controls when dealing with a variety (enabling performance obj.) of specialised flights.

Training methods Lecture-based training, group discussions, case studies and practical role playing exercises.

Evaluation Written and oral tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written tests, LEOs clearly demonstrate their ability to perform border LE control activities on VIP and other types of specialised flights at an international airport.

Equipment General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, etc., and role players.

23 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer

UNODC Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific 25

Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Chapter 4: Second line activities and controls 24

Duration 16 Days Aim LEOs learn to fully describe second line / secondary supporting activities carried out by colleagues in ‘back office’ with regard to risk and statistical analysis, surveillance and further investigation. In addition, they recognise the significance and impact of these supporting activities on daily Border LE activities. LEOs understand the use and benefit of pre-arrival information in relation to checks that can be performed in advance of passengers disembarking at an international airport.

24 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer

UNODC Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific 26

Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Course title: 4.1 Risk analysis 25 26

Duration 2 Days

Max Number of Participants 20–25

Description LEOs explain and describe the main functions of back office, second line / secondary examination activities and understand the significance and impact that these activities, including the use of risk analysis and information exchange, have on LEOs everyday duties at an international airport.

Knowledge • LEOs describe sources of information used for performing risk (terminal performance obj.) analysis (e.g., specialised working groups, strategic/operational analysis, criminal statistics and crime bulletins, information exchange worldwide etc.) and recognise their role in this process. • LEOs describe the structures for exchanging information worldwide (airport information systems, joint operations, liaison officers, document advisers and airline liaison officers) and list the advantages of structures for exchanging information worldwide.

Skills • LEOs use risk analysis and second line examination techniques (enabling performance obj.) to perform their Border LE activities more effectively.

Training methods Lecture-based training, group discussions, case studies.

Evaluation Written tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written tests, LEOs clearly demonstrate recognition of the benefits and use of second line risk analysis and examinations performed by colleagues as supporting activities, ‘back office’ at an international airport.

Equipment General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, etc.

25 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer 26 ‘General Border Law Enforcement Module: Section 12.5 ‘Profiling and Analysis’ and Air Border Law Enforcement Module: 3.1 ‘Risk Profiling’ refer

UNODC Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific 27

Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Course title: 4.2 Pre-arrival information & checks 27 28

Duration 2 Days

Max Number of Participants 15–20

Description LEOs list the different types of pre-arrival information received by their organisation in respect of passengers, including the use and application of any Advanced Passenger Information Systems (APIS 29 ) and describe how this information can be processed and used to assist in everyday Border LE activities at an international airport.

Knowledge • LEOs list the content of passenger information including the (terminal performance obj.) application of APIS. • LEOs describe how passenger information is processed by ‘back office’ colleagues. • LEOs describe how the results of ‘back office’ checks (comparison of passenger list with the contents of national database and Interpol) can be used. • LEOs describe the additional information that ‘back office’ / investigation unit can gather (e.g., via national contact points, airline booking history etc.) about a passenger before arrival (e.g., in case of a data-hit).

Skills • LEOs effectively use information provided by pre-arrival (enabling performance obj.) checks in order to make informed (intelligence-led) selections.

Training methods Lecture-based training, group discussions, case studies.

Evaluation Written tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written tests, LEOs clearly demonstrate the ability to recognise the different types of pre-arrival information and understand its use and benefits to ‘back office’ support at an international airport.

Equipment General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, etc.

27 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer 28 General Border Law Enforcement Module: Section 8.0 ‘Information Technology’ refers 29 The introduction of APIS, enables LEOs to undertake comprehensive risk analysis in advance of the passengers’ arrival and assist with targeting and selectivity activities. Air carriers travelling to the EU are under an obligation to transmit information concerning the passengers they carry from a third country.

UNODC Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific 28

Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Course title: 4.3 Asylum procedures 30 31

Duration 4 Days

Max Number of Participants 15–20

Description LEOs describe asylum procedures practiced at an international airport, including: the measures to be taken by responsible authorities and airlines’ legal obligations with regard to passengers.

Knowledge • LEOs explain and describe the asylum procedure practiced at (terminal performance obj.) an international airport. • LEOs describe the passport-ticket-interview. • LEOs list and describe the measures taken by the responsible authorities in an asylum case and the airlines’ legal obligations concerning passengers.

Skills • LEOs effectively perform duties in respect of asylum (enabling performance obj.) procedure.

Training methods Lecture-based training, group discussions, case studies and practical role playing exercises.

Evaluation Written and practical tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written and practical tests, LEOs clearly demonstrate their ability to effectively apply and implement asylum procedures at an international airport.

Equipment General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, and role players.

30 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer 31 ‘General Border Law Enforcement Module: Section 6.0 ‘Asylum Procedures’ refers

UNODC Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific 29

Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Course title : 4.4 Internal body concealments 32

Duration 2 Days

Max Number of Participants 20–25

Description LEOs understand and recognise indicators, which have the potential to identify passengers smuggling illegal drugs using internal body concealments.

Knowledge • LEOs list and describe a number of risk indicators, which will (terminal performance obj.) assist them in identifying passengers with the potential for using internal body concealments to smuggle illegal drugs. • LEOs recognise the behavioural indicators and/or the paraphernalia in baggage, which accompanies a passenger who has internally concealed illegal drugs.

Skills • LEOs apply knowledge and skills in correctly identifying (enabling performance obj.) passengers who may have internally concealed illegal drugs.

Training methods Lecture-based training, group discussions, case studies and practical role playing exercises.

Evaluation Written and practical oral tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written and practical tests, LEOs clearly demonstrate their ability to recognise the range of risk indicators that apply to passengers who internally conceal illegal drugs, at an international airport.

Equipment General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, and role players.

32 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer

UNODC Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific 30

Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Course title : 4.5 Transit areas 33

Duration 2 Days

Duration 20–25

Max Number of Participants LEOs explain the special rules that apply at an international airport transit area and the problems of removing passengers through a transit area. In addition, they describe the types of facilities that are found in transit areas and the associated risks that apply.

Description • LEOs explain the specific rules which apply to international airport transit areas and to distinguish between a transit and non-transit airport classifying their international airport accordingly. • LEOs describe the specific difficulties that may apply in cases of passenger removal through the transit area. • LEOs list the facilities within the transit area at an international airport e.g. shops, WC etc. and to explain the risks that are related to them. • LEOs explain the methods of abuse of the transit concession.

Knowledge • LEOs effectively perform Border LE duties applying (terminal performance obj.) international airport transit area rules and other specific procedures pertaining to international airport transit areas.

Skills Lecture-based training, group discussions, case studies, practical (enabling performance obj.) role playing exercises and study visits or field trips.

Training methods Written and practical tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written and practical tests, LEOs clearly demonstrate the ability to implement and apply international transit area rules and procedures at an international airport.

Evaluation General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, etc., and role players.

33 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer

UNODC Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific 31

Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Course title : 4.6 Aircraft gate checks 34

Duration 2 Days

Duration 15–20

Max Number of Participants LEOs explain the purpose and describe the methods used when undertaking aircraft gate checks. They are fully aware of the carrier’s legal responsibilities, and perform on-board checks and other special measures that apply at an international airport with regard to the control of passengers and travel documents.

Description • LEOs explain the purpose of first-gate and last-gate checks and describe the controls performed by a travel document specialist (document advisors/airline) and their own role in this process. • LEOs l explain the purpose of procedures undertaken when performing checks at other areas of an international airport (transit area, public area, general aviation area etc.) and on- board aircraft while respecting international legislation. • LEOs learn to describe the appropriate legislation concerning the carriers’ legal liability and its impact on their tasks. • LEOs describe special measures that apply to high risk flights e.g. specialist search and protection of restricted zones, etc.

Knowledge • LEOs perform Border LE duties effectively in relation to (terminal performance obj.) aircraft gate checks, in particular, first-gate and last-gate checks, in accordance with the results of back office / special unit investigation supporting activities taking also into account the carriers’ liability/legislation.

Skills Lecture-based training, group discussions, case studies, practical (enabling performance obj.) role playing exercises.

Training methods Written and practical tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written and practical tests, LEOs clearly demonstrate the ability to implement and apply aircraft gate checks using the results of ‘back office’ supporting activities at an international airport.

Evaluation General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, etc., and role players.

34 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer

UNODC Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific 32

Air Border Law Enforcement Module - Training Course Outline for Improved Border Control

Course title: 4.7 Public areas 35

Duration 2 Days

Duration 15–20

Max Number of Participants LEOs list the facilities and fully describe the need and advantages of undertaking preliminary observation and covert surveillance of passengers and the public within international airport public areas.

Description • LEOs to list and describe the advantages of preliminary observation and covert video surveillance / surveillance of the public area at an international airport (external / internal entrances), including sensitive areas, such as, banks, money exchanges, etc.

Knowledge • LEOs effectively perform everyday Border LE duties, including (terminal performance obj.) preliminary observation and surveillance of passengers and the public in the public area of an international airport.

Skills Lecture-based training, group discussions, case studies and (enabling performance obj.) practical role playing observation exercises.

Training methods Written and practical tests ensure the required achieved level of knowledge and skills base in line with performance objectives. Within written and practical tests, LEOs clearly demonstrate the ability to recognise the benefits and apply appropriate techniques in order to undertake observation and surveillance in public areas of an international airport.

Evaluation General classroom training equipment, including: whiteboards, projector and laptop computer, flip chart paper, easels, writing implements and writing paper, and role players.

35 CB,DA,E,FX,IA,T(e),UD(e),UR & USC refer

UNODC Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific 33

Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific United Nations Building, rd3 floor B Block, Secretariat Building, Raj Damnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand Tel. (66-2) 288-2091 Fax. (66-2) 281-2129 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.unodc.org/southeastasiaandpacific