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1 Taking Stock: Data and Evidence on Gender Digital Equality PART ONE Taking Stock: Data and Evidence on Gender Digital Equality PART ONE 1 Taking Stock: Data and Evidence on Gender Digital Equality PART ONE REPORT OF EQUALS RESEARCH GROUP, LED BY THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY Araba Sey and Nancy Hafkin, Editors Macau, March 2019 2 Taking Stock: Data and Evidence on Gender Digital Equality PART ONE 3 Taking Stock: Data and Evidence on Gender Digital Equality PART ONE UNU The United Nations University (UNU) is a global think tank and postgraduate teaching organisation headquartered in Japan. The mission of UNU is to contribute, through collaborative research and education, to efforts to resolve the pressing global problems of human survival, development and welfare that are the concern of the United Nations, its Peoples and Member States. In carrying out this mission, UNU works with leading universities and research institutes in UN Member States, functioning as a bridge between the international academic community and the United Nations system. UNU-CS The United Nations University Institute on Computing and Society (UNU-CS) is a research institute at the intersections of information and communication technologies and international development (ICTD), addressing the key challenges faced by developing societies through high-impact innovations in computing ABOUT and communication technologies. THE EQUALS EQUALS is a global partnership of corporate leaders, governments, non-profit organisations, communities, AUTHORS and individuals around the world working together to bridge gender digital inequalities. EQUALS was founded in 2016 by five partners: the International Telecommunications Union, UN Women, the International Trade Centre, GSMA, and UNU. The Partnership works to reverse the increasing gender digital divide, and to close the gap by 2030 – supporting UN Sustainable Development Goal 5 by empowering women through their use of information and communication technologies. An action plan of data gathering, knowledge sharing, and advocacy strengthening drives the EQUALS network partnership. To achieve our goals, partners focus on three core issues: Access, Skills and Leadership. By promoting awareness, building political commitment, leveraging resources and knowledge, harnessing the capacities of partners, and supporting real action, EQUALS seeks to achieve gender digital equality and, through this, to improve the livelihoods of millions around the world. 4 Taking Stock: Data and Evidence on Gender Digital Equality PART ONE RUHIYA SEWARD is a Senior Program Officer with the Technology and THE EQUALS Innovation program at the International Development RESEARCH GROUP Research Centre. She oversees a portfolio of research on digital governance issues in the global South, from The EQUALS Research Group – led by the UNU-CS digital rights, data analytics and AI, to gender and the – supports the work of the three EQUALS Coalitions. feminist internet. Composed of over 30 multidisciplinary experts in information gathering and analysis, the group focuses on: • generating knowledge about the existence, CASE STUDY AND causes, and remedies for gender digital CHAPTER AUTHORS inequalities • motivating key stakeholder groups — including The first part of the report was jointly authored by the private sector companies, government EQUALS Research project team at UNU-CS. The Case departments, regulatory agencies, and academia Studies in Part One, as well as all chapters in Part Two, — to collect and share gender-relevant data are contributions by members of the EQUALS Research Group and invited authors, as indicated. INDIVIDUAL AUTHORS MONICA BARBOVSCHI Ph.D., is an associated researcher with the Institute of Sociology of the Romanian Academy and a member Fifty-three researchers, from more than 20 member and former coordinator of the Romanian team in the EU organisations and associates of the EQUALS Kids Online network. Her consulting research focuses Partnership, have contributed to this inaugural report of on internet and gender issues for young people (e.g., the EQUALS Research Group. with Cetic.br in Sao Paulo and the European Institute for Gender Equality in Vilnius). BEI (JENNY) JU EDITORS is Senior Research Assistant at UNU-CS focusing on ARABA SEY ICTs, migration, and intercultural communication. is a Principal Research Fellow at UNU-CS and the focal person at UNU-CS responsible for leading the EQUALS MICHAEL L. BEST Research Group. Her research interests include the use is Associate Professor at the Sam Nunn School of of ICTs in emerging economies, social inclusion, and International Affairs and the School of Interactive gender and leadership in the ICT industry. Computing at the Georgia Institute of Technology. TINA BEYENE NANCY HAFKIN is assistant professor of women, gender, and sexuality is a renowned expert on information technology, studies at California State University, Northridge, gender, and international development. She is an concentrating on the colonial genealogy of gender- associate of Women in Global Science and Technology, based violence in contemporary African conflict an international non-profit promoting women’s zones, transnational feminist movements, and applied development of science, technology, and innovation. research on gender, STEM, and development. ANA BRANDUSESCU is a researcher who promotes a more inclusive and EDITORIAL COMMITTEE responsible use of data and technology, through research advocacy, and policy initiatives. KWASI ANSU-KYEREMEH STEFANIA LAPOLLA CANTONI is a retired adjunct professor at the Department has a master’s degree in political science from the of Communication Studies, University of Ghana, University of São Paulo (USP). She is an information Legon, with research interests in girls’ and women’s analyst for the Cetic.br, of the NIC.br. empowerment and indigenous communication systems. MOON CHOI ANITA VERNA CROFTS is an Associate Professor at KAIST Graduate School of is a Senior Lecturer at the University of Washington in Science and Technology Policy and founder-director the Department of Communication. She serves as the of a research group, Aging and Technology Policy Lab Associate Director for the Communication Leadership (http://aging.kaist.ac.kr). graduate program. 5 Taking Stock: Data and Evidence on Gender Digital Equality PART ONE ROMINA COLMAN ALISON GILLWALD is a data journalist and researcher at Chicas en is the Executive Director of Research ICT Africa (RIA), Tecnologia as well as a university lecturer at Pontifical an African digital policy and regulatory think-tank that Catholic University of Argentina. works across 20 African countries. As adjunct- professor at the University of Cape Town’s Nelson Mandela VANESSA DREIER School of Public Governance, she convenes a doctoral is Policy Advisor for Education and Digital programme on digital economy and society. Development at Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). CAROLINA HADAD is a programmer, computer scientist, and social STEFANIE FELSBERGER innovation specialist at Chicas en Tecnologia. a Senior Researcher at the Access to Knowledge for Development Center, American University in Cairo, SARAH HUGGETT focuses on questions of access and control of data, is Analytical Services Product Manager at Elsevier, knowledge, and technology, as well as the political analysing research performance to help research economy of data and the politics of gender. leaders plan for the future. BIRGIT FRANK SOPHIA HUYER is Senior Policy Officer for Education at the German is Gender and Social Inclusion Leader at the CGIAR Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security Development (BMZ). Programme (CCAFS) as well as Director of Women in Global Science and Technology (WISAT). She has LISA FESALBON engaged in research and policy analysis on global is a Visiting Research Assistant at UNU-CS. She is a gender equality issues relating to technology, Master student at the Catholic University of Leuven, innovation, and sustainable development for over 20 Belgium. years. ASHLEY FRASER MMAKI JANTJIES is a Ph.D. student in the Information Security Group is a Senior Lecturer in Information Systems at the at Royal Holloway, University of London, researching University of the Western Cape, focusing on research formal privacy definitions for cryptographic protocols. in Education Technology and the development and use of Information and Communication Technologies for REMY FROST Development, particularly in developing countries. is a recent graduate of the University of New Hampshire where they studied sociology and classics. TATIANA JEREISSATI Their primary research interests include queer and trans is a researcher in the area of gender with a linguistics, the politics of psychiatric diagnosis, and the postgraduate degree in politics, gender, and society phenomenology of drug addiction, with a focus on the from the Latin American School of Social Sciences temporal and embodied dimensions of amphetamine (Flacso Argentina). She is the coordinator of UNESCO abuse. projects at the Regional Center for Studies on the Development of the Information Society (Cetic.br) of HELANI GALPAYA the Brazilian Network Information Center (NIC.br). is CEO of LIRNEasia, a pro-poor, pro-market think tank based in Colombo, Sri Lanka, promoting research- DON RODNEY JUNIO to policy-influence throughout South East Asia with is a Senior Research Assistant at UNU-CS. Don’s local research partners. research focus is on meaningful access and use of ICTs and analysing the social, economic, and
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