Restoring underu lized Na ve American food crops Navajo Spinach, Cleome serrulata & Na ve Peach
Reagan Wytsalucy (Graduate Student), Dan Drost, Brent Black, Grant Cardon, Plants, Soils and Climate Department, Utah State University Randy Williams; Oral History Specialist, Utah State University Library
Spinach Introduc on Spinach Results Hormone Trial 2018
• Cleome serrulata has been used as fresh greens Soaking Trial 2017 • H2O2 does not break physiological dormancy and natural dye by the Navajo & Pueblo Tribes. • Treatments include GA3+H2O2, H2O2, and No Treatment • Stra fica on at 7C more commonly achieves highest • Consistent supply could be of benefit as a local • GA3 increased % germina on at all temperatures except 20°C germina on • source of food and dye. As temperatures increases, % germina on decreases • MaxCel® (BA) suppresses seed germina on when • Navajo Spinach does not germinate at 20°C • This may require managed plan ngs. chilled at 7 & 10C 100 Hormone Treatments • Increasing chilling me does not improve germina on 4C 7C 10C • Germina on requirements unknown. 80 • Inconsistent T50 and T10/90 between 4 and 8 week trials 60 100 GA3 Treatments Gibberellin Trial 2017 90 40 Materials & Methods 80 4C 7C 10C Temp T50 T10 90 Temp T50 T10 90 20 TREATMENTS / / 70 Average % Germina on (°C) (Days) (Days) (°C) (Days) (Days) 60 Seed collected from 7 loca ons in NM, AZ, & UT 0 GA3 500 PRO H O 50 ( )+ + 2 2 16 15 16 15 40 MaxCel Novagib Promalin Max +Nova H2O2 No TRT GA3(500)+PRO 16 16 15 12 % Germina on 30 2018 Germina on Treatments GA3(750)+PRO+H2O2 16 14 15 11 20 Discussion GA3 750 PRO ( )+ 16 14 16 14 10 • 4 weeks chilling at 4, 7, or 10C ± GA 1000 PRO 4C 7C 3( )+ +H2O2 16 13 16 17 0 Spinach “Seed Collec on Loca on trial” is • ± Promalin® (GA & BA); ± GA 3(1000)+PRO 16 15 15 16 H2O2 4/7 No TRT on-going to test current conclusions with GA3(500) GA3(750) H2O2 23 18 19 17 GA3(1000) GA3(500)+PRO GA3(750)+PRO GA3(1000)+PRO GA3(500)+H2O2 GA3(750)+H2O2 Novagib® (GA4/7); ± MaxCel® (BA); Control 20 13 18 21 GA3(1000)+H2O2 GA3(500)+PRO+H2O2 GA3(750)+PRO+H2O2 temperature and hormone treatment ± Novagib® + MaxCel®; ± H O GA3(1000)+PRO+H2O2 2 2 • Germina on improves when seed are treated with Promalin® affects on all seed sources. • Seed soaked for 4 hours Fact sheet (not dated). Cleome serrulata. USU Intermountain Herbarium. • % germina on at 10°C was very low compared to 4°C or 7°C Phillips, Nathan C. 2007. Diversity and adapta on along al tudinal gradients in the three wild Allium spp. na ve to Utah and • 25 seeds per rep; 5 replica ons implica ons for hor cultural prac ces. PhD Disserta on. Utah State University. Prendusi, Teresa. (not dated) Rocky Mountain Bee Plant (Cleome serrulata). USDA Forest Service. ( treatments when GA used alone. 3 www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/cleome_serrulata.shtml) • Canyon De Chelly seed source. Utah State University. 2015. Rocky Mountain Beeplant. USU Extension. ( • Germina on uniformity (T10-90) varied by treatment h p://extension.usu.edu/rangeplants/htm/rocky-mountain-beeplant)
Peach Introduc on Peach Objec ves Genome Mapping • DNA analysis to compare Old World peach varie es First recorded sigh ng in Southwest by Spanish Fruit Quali es missionaries in 1619. to Southwest varie es Seed sources Navajo Mountain, UT White Peach 2 Hopi, AZ Found growing with Pueblo and Calories 27.1Cal 2 Canyon Del Muerto, AZ Carbohydrate 6.81g Mul ple from Navajo Mountain, UT Navajo Tribes Fiber <1% Calcium 11.1mg Potassium 129mg Peach trees on Second Mesa, near Shungopavi Dendorchronology Seed propagated(Land Race) Village, Hopi Tribe. 1944 Moisture 42.6g • Compare ring widths with oral histories regarding irriga on management Values are per 50g serving size • Determine life span Only 2% of original orchards remain • Time period Oral Histories Discussion • Grown as mul -stem shrub Fruit Characteris cs Uses Final results for peach will be Fall 2018. • No pruning, except removal of dead branches White free-stone(Most common) Boiled Hart, J.G. 2006. Exploring tribal leadership: Understanding and working with tribal people. Journal of Extension. h p://www.joe.org/joe/2006august/a3.php • No thinning Accessed 19 Nov, 2013. Yellow Free-stone Fresh • Young trees irrigated for <2 years Singeltary, L. and S. Emm. 2007. Strenthening sustainable agriculture on American Indian Lands in the Western United States. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Mee ng of the Assoc. for Int. Agric. and Extension Educ. Polson, MT. "SoilWeb: An Online Soil Survey Browser." Interfaces to. Ed. Toby O'Geen, Ph. D. University Of California, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. Small Drying peaches. Mishongnovi Sundried • Mature trees irrigated by runoff Village, Second Mesa. 1944 USCCR. 2003. A Quiet Crisis: Federal Funding and Unmet Needs in Indian Country. USCCR. July 2003. h p://www.usccr.gov/pubs/na0703/na0731.pdf. Accessed 6 Apr Trade goods • 2014. Loca ng historic peach produc on areas USDA-FNS. 2013. Food Distribu on Program on Indian Reserva ons. Nutri on Program Fact Sheet July 2013. USDA Food and Nutri on Service, Washington, D.C.