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Entomología Forense II CIENCIA FORENSE Revista Aragonesa de Medicina Legal N º 12 Año 2015 Monográfico: Entomología Forense II INSTITUCIÓN «FERNANDO EL CATÓLICO» Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza La versión original y completa de esta obra debe consultarse en: https://ifc.dpz.es/publicaciones/ebooks/id/3514 Esta obra está sujeta a la licencia CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Internacional de Creative Commons que determina lo siguiente: • BY (Reconocimiento): Debe reconocer adecuadamente la autoría, proporcionar un enlace a la licencia e indicar si se han realizado cambios. Puede hacerlo de cualquier manera razonable, pero no de una manera que sugiera que tiene el apoyo del licenciador o lo recibe por el uso que hace. • NC (No comercial): La explotación de la obra queda limitada a usos no comerciales. • ND (Sin obras derivadas): La autorización para explotar la obra no incluye la transformación para crear una obra derivada. Para ver una copia de esta licencia, visite https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/4.0/deed.es. CIENCIA FORENSE Revista Aragonesa de Medicina Legal NÚM. 12 CIENCIA FORENSE Revista Aragonesa de Medicina Legal NÚM. 12 Coordinador del Monográfico: Marta I. Saloña-Bordas Institución «Fernando el Católico» (C. S. I. C.) Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza Zaragoza, 2015 Publicación número 3436 de la INSTITUCIÓN «FERNANDO EL CATÓLICO» (Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza) Plaza de España, 2 50071 ZARAGOZA (España) Tff.: [34] 976 28 88 78/79 - Fax: [34] 976 28 88 69 [email protected] http://ifc.dpz.es FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA CIENCIA FORENSE. Revista Aragonesa de Medicina Legal. Nº 1 (1999).– Zaragoza: Institución «Fernando el Católico», 1999.– 24 cm Anual ISSN: 1575-6793 I. Institución «Fernando el Católico», ed. 340.6(460.22) Toda correspondencia, peticiones de envío, canje, etcétera, deben dirigirse a la Institución «Fernando el Católico». Las normas de presentación de originales se encuentran al final de la revista. La Revista CIENCIA FORENSE no se identifica con las opiniones o juicios que los autores exponen en uso de la libertad intelectual que cordialmente se les brinda. Diseño de cubierta: José Luis Cano. © Los autores. © De la presente edición: Institución «Fernando el Católico». ISSN: 1575-6793 Depósito Legal: Z-879/99 Preimpresión e impresión: ARPIrelieve, S. A. IMPRESO EN ESPAÑA - UNIÓN EUROPEA CIENCIA FORENSE REVISTA ARAGONESA DE MEDICINA LEGAL Directora María Begoña Martínez-Jarreta Catedrática de Medicina Legal y Forense Universidad de Zaragoza (España) Coordinador del Monográfico Marta I. Saloña-Bordas Profesora Titular de Universidad, Departamento de Zoología y Biología Celular Animal en la Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU Consejo Asesor Dr. José María Abenza Rojo Prof. Manuel López Rivadulla Dr. José Aso Escario Prof. José A. Lorente Acosta D. Armando Barreda Hernández Prof. Aurelio Luna Maldonado Dr. Bruce Budowle Prof. Ignacio Muñoz Barús Prof. Ángel Carracedo Álvarez Prof. Eduardo Osuna Carrillo Prof.ª María Castellano Arroyo de Albornoz Dr. Juan Antonio Cobo Planas D. Luis Pastor Eixarch Prof. Luis Concheiro Carro Prof.ª María Dolores Pérez Cárceles Prof. Nuno Duarte Vieira Prof.ª María Sol Rodríguez Calvo Dra. Ana Ferrer Dufol Prof. Manuel Rodríguez Pazos Prof. Luis Frontela Carreras Prof. Carlos Romeo Casabona Dr. Sergio Gallego Riestra Dr. Javier Sánchez Caro Prof. Joaquín Gamero Lucas Dr. Manuel Sancho Ruiz Prof. Manuel Gené Badía Prof.ª Aurora Valenzuela Garach Prof.ª Marina Gisbert Grifo Prof. Claudio Hernández Cueto Prof. Juan Luis Valverde Villarreal Prof. Rafael Hinojal Fonseca Prof. José Delfín Villalaín Blanco Prof. Emilio Huguet Ramia Prof. Enrique Villanueva Cañadas Prof.ª María Victoria Lareu Huidobro Prof. Fernando Bandrés Moya ÍNDICE ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES Magaña Loarte, C.: Problemas a resolver en la estimación de la data de la muerte mediante las evidencias entomológicas ....................... 11 GilArriortua, M.; Saloña Bordas, M. I.; De Pancorbo, M. M.: Uso de Vestigios Moleculares en Entomología Forense .......................... 29 Arnaldos, M.-I.; Ruiz, C.; Torres, B.; Begoña, I.; García, M.-D.; González-Mora, D.; Serrano, J.: DNA barcoding of two forensica- lly important fleshfly species (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from Spain and notes on barcoding success within genus Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826 ...................................................................................................... 73 Saloña-Bordas, M. I.; Perotti, M. A.: Acarología Forense ................. 91 Etxeberria-Rekalde, E.; GilArriortua, M.; Saloña-Bordas, M. I.; Nó, M. L.: Developing and easy and efficient protocol for the study of different blowfly instars through scanning electron microscopy. 113 Martínez-Sánchez, A.; Magaña, C.; Toniolo, M.; Gobbi, P.; Rojo, S.: Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) a new forensic indicator to South-Western Europe 137 Arnaldos, M.-I.; López Gallego, E; García, M.-D.: Datos prelimina- res sobre colonización temprana y actividad diaria de los principa- les dípteros sarcosaprófagos en el sureste peninsular ...................... 153 Urtiaga Villegas, A.; Saloña Bordas, M. I.: Desarrollo a distintas temperaturas de Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) en Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) y su uso potencial en entomología forense ........................................................................... 175 Velásquez, Y.; Gobbi, P.; Martínez-Sánchez, A.; Rojo, S.: Contribu- ción al conocimiento de los Calliphoridae y Sarcophagidae Sarco- saprófagos presentes en un agrosistema del sureste de la Península Ibérica .................................................................................................. 193 7 Índice Díaz-Martín, B.; Saloña-Bordas, M. I.: Arthropods of forensic inte- rest associated to pig carcasses in Aiako Harria Natural Park (Bas- que Country, Northern Spain) ........................................................... 207 NORMAS DE PUBLICACIÓN ................................................................ 229 8 ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES Ciencia Forense, 12/2015: 11–28 ISSN: 1575-6793 PROBLEMAS A RESOLVER EN LA ESTIMACIÓN DE LA DATA DE LA MUERTE MEDIANTE LAS EVIDENCIAS ENTOMOLÓGICAS Concepción Magaña Loarte1 Resumen: La estimación de la data de la muerte en cadáveres no recien- tes, sigue siendo uno de los problemas más complejos que debe resolver el patólogo forense, pues aunque existen multitud de trabajos sobre el tema, el número de factores que afectan a la descomposición de un cuerpo es tan considerable que resulta imposible el conocimiento y control de todos ellos. Uno de los métodos que se utilizan en la datación de este tipo de cadá- veres es el estudio de los insectos asociados al cuerpo, así, como su tiempo de actividad en el cadáver. Los problemas que surgen a la hora de realizar el estudio de las eviden- cias entomológicas nos ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de que la recogi- da de los datos necesarios para dicho estudio se lleve a cabo de una forma rigurosa y protocolizada. Palabras clave: Entomología forense, Data de la muerte, recogida mues- tras, temperatura, procesos cadavéricos. Abstract: Estimating the time of death in decomposed corpses is still one of the most complex problems to be solved by a forensic pathologist. Although there are many works on this subject, the number of factors affecting the decomposition of a body is so significant that it is impossible the knowledge and control of them all.One of the methods used to date such bodies is the study of insects associated to the corpse, as well as its developing time on the body. More problems arise during the study of entomological evidence and highlight the need of complete collection of data needed for the study that should be carried under a rigorous and protocolized ways. 1 Laboratorio de Antropología, Instituto Anatómico Forense, Severo Ochoa s/n, 28040 Madrid. CFOR, 12/2015 11 Concepción Magaña Loarte Key words: Forensic Entomology, Time of death, sample collection, ca- daveric process. 1. INTRODUCCIÓN La datación de la muerte es el conjunto de observaciones y técnicas que permiten señalar dos momentos entre los que con mayor probabilidad se ha producido la muerte. Salvo la observación directa, no existen en la ac- tualidad métodos que aislados o en conjunto permitan establecer con cer- teza y exactitud dicho momento (Verdú, 2003-2004). La estimación de la data de la muerte, sigue siendo uno de los temas más complejos de la medicina legal, y los métodos utilizados para su estima- ción van a depender del tipo de cadáver que tengamos en estudio. En los cadáveres recientes, en los cuales no se aprecia ningún signo de putrefacción, la data puede ser estimada por la observación de la evolución de fenómenos cadavéricos tales como: Enfriamiento del cadáver: en términos generales, el enfriamiento cadavéri- co transcurre de forma gradual, disminuyendo la temperatura de modo progresivo hasta igualarse con el medio ambiente; comienza aproximada- mente hacia las dos horas del fallecimiento, igualándose a la temperatura ambiente entre las 10-12 horas después de la muerte. La curva de disper- sión térmica menciona un primer periodo de tres o cuatro horas, donde la temperatura disminuye medio grado por hora. El segundo periodo se pre- senta entre las 6 a las 10 horas donde disminuye un grado centígrado por hora. Durante el tercer periodo disminuye de tres cuartos a medio grado centígrado por hora hasta nivelarse con la temperatura ambiente. Este en- friamiento cadavérico se encuentra condicionado por diversos factores como: la causa de la muerte,
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