DOCSLIB.ORG

Distributional Patterns of †Mawsoniidae (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Distributional Patterns of †Mawsoniidae (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2014) 86(1): 159-170 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420130035 www.scielo.br/aabc Distributional patterns of †Mawsoniidae (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) RAPHAEL MIGUEL1, VALÉRIA GALLO1 and JUAN J. MORRONE2 1Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Sistemática e Biogeografia, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil 2Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera”, Apdo. Postal 70-399, 04510 Mexico, D.F., Mexico Manuscript received on January 31, 2013; accepted for publication on June 12, 2013 ABSTRACT Mawsoniidae are a fossil family of actinistian fish popularly known as coelacanths, which are found in continental and marine paleoenvironments. The taxon is considered monophyletic, including five valid genera (Axelrodichthys, Chinlea, Diplurus, Mawsonia and Parnaibaia) and 11 genera with some taxonomical controversy (Alcoveria, Changxingia, Garnbergia, Heptanema, Indocoelacanthus, Libys, Lualabaea, Megalocoelacanthus, Moenkopia, Rhipis and Trachymetopon). The genera restricted to the Northern Hemisphere (Diplurus and Chinlea) possess the oldest records (Late Triassic), whereas those found in the Southern Hemisphere (Mawsonia, Axelrodichthys, and Parnaibaia) extend from Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous, especially in Brazil and Africa. We identified distributional patterns of Mawsoniidae, applying the panbiogeographical method of track analysis, and obtained three generalized tracks (GTs): GT1 (Northeastern Newark) in strata of the Newark Group (Upper Triassic); GT2 (Midwestern Gondwana) in the Lualaba Formation (Upper Jurassic); and GT3 (Itapecuru-Alcântara-Santana) in the Itapecuru-Alcântara- Santana formations (Lower Cretaceous). The origin of Mawsoniidae can be dated to at least Late Triassic of Pangaea. The tectonic events related to the breakup of Pangaea and Gondwana and the evolution of the oceans are suggested as the vicariant events modeling the distribution of this taxon throughout the Mesozoic. Key words: Mawsoniidae, Mesozoic, evolutionary biogeography, track analysis. INTRODUCTION Forey (1998) defined Mawsoniidae as comprising Mawsoniidae are a fossil family of actinistian Garnbergia, Libys; incertae sedis Changxingia, fish popularly known as coelacanths. The taxon Heptanema, Indocoelacanthus; Diplurus, Chinlea; was proposed by Schultze (1993), although until incertae sedis Lualabaea, Megalocoelacanthus, the early 1990’s their members were assigned to Moenkopia; Mawsonia, Axelrodichthys. Schultze the family Coelacanthidae Agassiz, 1843 (Wenz (2004) proposed a new taxonomic composition, as 1980, Maisey 1986). Although Mawsoniidae are follows: Alcoveria, Chinlea, Diplurus, Mawsonia, considered to be monophyletic, there is some Axelrodichthys, Libys, Trachymetopon; incertae controversy regarding their composition. Schultze sedis Heptanema, Indocoelacanthus, Lualabaea, (1993) only included Alcoveria, Axelrodichthys, Moenkopia, and Rhipis. Clément (2005) included Chinlea, Diplurus and Mawsonia in the family. Diplurus, Chinlea, Mawsonia and Axelrodichthys in Mawsoniidae. López-Arbarello et al. (2008) Correspondence to: Valéria Gallo E-mail: [email protected] pointed out Trachymetopon, Libys, Indocoelacanthus, An Acad Bras Cienc (2014) 86 (1) 160 RAPHAEL MIGUEL, VALÉRIA GALLO and JUAN J. MORRONE and Lualabaea as Jurassic mawsoniids. Yabumoto Mawsonia is represented by M. gigas in the Ubangi (2008) considered Diplurus, Chinlea, Mawsonia, locality, Neocomian of Democratic Republic of Axelrodichthys, and Parnaibaia as Mawsoniidae. Congo (Casier 1961), representing the oldest record Miguel and Gallo (2009) assigned Alcoveria, of the genus in Africa (Carvalho 2002). In Niger, Axelrodichthys, Chinlea, Diplurus, Garnbergia, the genus occurs in the Gadoufaoua, In Gall, and In Libys, Lualabaea, Mawsonia, Parnaibaia, and Abangarit localities. Mawsonia tegamensis is the best Trachymetopon to the family. Miguel (2011) added preserved record in Africa, occurring in the Aptian Heptanema, Indocoelacanthus, Megalocoelacanthus, of Gadoufaoua (Wenz 1975, 1981). Mawsonia sp. Moenkopia, and Rhipis to Mawsoniidae. is found in the Neocomian-Barremian of In Gall Records of Mawsoniidae are known from (Wenz 1981). Mawsonia lavocati occurs in the continental and marine paleoenvironments (Beltan Albian of In Abangarit (Wenz 1981). In the Albian 1972). This family possesses biogeographical of Algeria, in the Gara Samani locality, fragments significance due to their extensive temporal range previously assigned to Mawsonia (Broin et al. 1971) through all the Mesozoic, from the Late Triassic were later recognized as M. lavocati (Wenz 1981). (Carnian) to the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), In the Cenomanian of Egypt, in the Baharija locality, and their wide geographical distribution in South numerous bones of M. gigas have been described and North America, Africa, Europe, and Asia (Weiler 1935, Carvalho and Maisey 2008). In the (Jain 1974, Schultze 1993, Carvalho and Maisey Albian-Cenomanian of Morocco, in the Kem Kem 2008, Miguel and Gallo 2009). In South America, region, there are records of M. lavocati (Tabaste occurrences are more frequent in northeastern 1963, Wenz 1981). This is the region with the most Brazil, being Mawsonia the most abundant genus occurrences of mawsoniids in Africa. Cavin and (Carvalho 2002, Carvalho and Maisey 2008, Forey (2004) reported an indeterminate mawsoniid in Pinheiro et al. 2011, Silva et al. 2011). The record of the region. More recently, M. lavocati was reported Mawsonia from the Sanfranciscana Basin, reported by Yabumoto and Uyeno (2005). Axelrodichthys by Carvalho and Maisey (2008), represents, until is represented in the Early and Late Cretaceous of the moment, the single occurrence of the family in Africa; Gee (1988) reported it in the In Gall region southeastern Brazil. Axelrodichthys occurs in the and Gottfried et al. (2004) pointed out its presence Lower Cretaceous of the Araripe Basin, in strata in the Ankazomihaboka Series, Mahajanga Basin, of Crato (Aptian) and Santana (Albian) formations Madagascar, dated with uncertainty as Santonian- (Maisey 1986, Brito and Martill 1999). Carvalho Coniacian (Rogers et al. 2000), representing the and Maisey (1999) reported Axelrodichthys sp. in youngest mawsoniid in Africa, so far. Gottfried et the Codó Formation, Albian of the Grajaú Basin. al. (2004) mentioned the similarity between the Parnaibaia has been found in the Upper Jurassic of extrascapular found in the Ankazomihaboka Series the Parnaíba Basin (Yabumoto 2008). In addition to and that found in In Gall. Although Mawsonia Brazil, there is an uncertain record of Mawsoniidae and Axelrodichthys also occur in Africa, the in the Quebrada Vaquillas Altas locality, Upper specimens found in Brazil are better preserved and Jurassic of Chile (Arratia and Schultze 1999); and are significantly more numerous. Mawsonia and more recently, Soto et al. (2011) recorded Mawsonia Axelrodichthys undoubtedly occur from the Jurassic from the Tacuarembó Formation, Kimmeridgian- to the Cretaceous of Brazil (Carvalho 1982, 2002, Hauterivian of Uruguay. Carvalho and Maisey 2008, Yabumoto 2008) and African records of Mawsoniidae include the Cretaceous of Africa (Wenz 1980, Gottfried Mawsonia, Axelrodichthys, Lualabaea, and Rhipis. et al. 2004), and show biogeographical relevance, An Acad Bras Cienc (2014) 86 (1) HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF MAWSONIIDAE 161 because their history can be related directly to the (1998) considered it as a Mawsoniidae incertae evolution and final breakup of Western Gondwana sedis, due to the absence of its synapomorphy (well- (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous) and consequently to developed pleural ribs). Heptanema occurs in the the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. Lualabaea Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of Austria and Italy. includes L. lerichei and L. henryi, from the Tegama According to Forey (1998), detailed anatomical region, Stanleyville Formation, Congo Basin, Upper studies are lacking, thus, it does not allow for a Jurassic (?Kimmeridgian), Democratic Republic strict comparison with other coelacanth genera; the of Congo (Saint-Seine 1955, Forey 1998, Myers pattern of ornamentation of the scales is very similar et al. 2011). Rhipis occurs in the Upper Jurassic to that found in Diplurus. Trachymetopon is known of the Democratic Republic of Congo, including from the Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) of Westphalia, R. moorseli from the Kinko, Luzubi, and Kimbau Germany, and has been assigned to Mawsoniidae localities; and R. tuberculatus was found only in the (Schultze 2004, López-Arbarello et al. 2008). Kinko locality (Saint-Seine 1950). According to Forey (1998), it shares similarities In North America, Diplurus and Chinlea are the with Mawsonia and Axelrodichthys. most frequent genera. Diplurus occurs in the Carnian In Asia, Changxingia occurs in the Changxing of the Boonton, Durham, Westfield, Bergen, Princeton, Formation, Upper Permian of southern China, and Gwynedd, and North Wales localities; Chinlea occurs includes a well-preserved specimen (Wang and in the Norian of San Juan, Montrose, Dolores, and Liu 1981). It represents the single occurrence of Abiquiu localities, and in the Carnian of Randall Mawsoniidae in the Paleozoic. Indocoelacanthus (Schaeffer 1948, 1952,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phylogeny Classification Additional Readings Clupeomorpha and Ostariophysi
    Teleostei - AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education http://www.accessscience.com/content/teleostei/680400 (http://www.accessscience.com/) Article by: Boschung, Herbert Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Gardiner, Brian Linnean Society of London, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, United Kingdom. Publication year: 2014 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.680400 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.680400) Content Morphology Euteleostei Bibliography Phylogeny Classification Additional Readings Clupeomorpha and Ostariophysi The most recent group of actinopterygians (rayfin fishes), first appearing in the Upper Triassic (Fig. 1). About 26,840 species are contained within the Teleostei, accounting for more than half of all living vertebrates and over 96% of all living fishes. Teleosts comprise 517 families, of which 69 are extinct, leaving 448 extant families; of these, about 43% have no fossil record. See also: Actinopterygii (/content/actinopterygii/009100); Osteichthyes (/content/osteichthyes/478500) Fig. 1 Cladogram showing the relationships of the extant teleosts with the other extant actinopterygians. (J. S. Nelson, Fishes of the World, 4th ed., Wiley, New York, 2006) 1 of 9 10/7/2015 1:07 PM Teleostei - AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education http://www.accessscience.com/content/teleostei/680400 Morphology Much of the evidence for teleost monophyly (evolving from a common ancestral form) and relationships comes from the caudal skeleton and concomitant acquisition of a homocercal tail (upper and lower lobes of the caudal fin are symmetrical). This type of tail primitively results from an ontogenetic fusion of centra (bodies of vertebrae) and the possession of paired bracing bones located bilaterally along the dorsal region of the caudal skeleton, derived ontogenetically from the neural arches (uroneurals) of the ural (tail) centra.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Crato Formation (Lower Cretaceous)
    ORYCTOS.Vol. 3 : 3 - 8. Décembre2000 FIRSTRECORD OT CALAMOPLEU RUS (ACTINOPTERYGII:HALECOMORPHI: AMIIDAE) FROMTHE CRATO FORMATION (LOWER CRETACEOUS) OF NORTH-EAST BRAZTL David M. MARTILL' and Paulo M. BRITO'z 'School of Earth, Environmentaland PhysicalSciences, University of Portsmouth,Portsmouth, POl 3QL UK. 2Departmentode Biologia Animal e Vegetal,Universidade do Estadode Rio de Janeiro, rua SâoFrancisco Xavier 524. Rio de Janeiro.Brazll. Abstract : A partial skeleton representsthe first occurrenceof the amiid (Actinopterygii: Halecomorphi: Amiidae) Calamopleurus from the Nova Olinda Member of the Crato Formation (Aptian) of north east Brazil. The new spe- cimen is further evidencethat the Crato Formation ichthyofauna is similar to that of the slightly younger Romualdo Member of the Santana Formation of the same sedimentary basin. The extended temporal range, ?Aptian to ?Cenomanian,for this genus rules out its usefulnessas a biostratigraphic indicator for the Araripe Basin. Key words: Amiidae, Calamopleurus,Early Cretaceous,Brazil Première mention de Calamopleurus (Actinopterygii: Halecomorphi: Amiidae) dans la Formation Crato (Crétacé inférieur), nord est du Brésil Résumé : la première mention dans le Membre Nova Olinda de la Formation Crato (Aptien ; nord-est du Brésil) de I'amiidé (Actinopterygii: Halecomorphi: Amiidae) Calamopleurus est basée sur la découverted'un squelettepar- tiel. Le nouveau spécimen est un élément supplémentaireindiquant que I'ichtyofaune de la Formation Crato est similaire à celle du Membre Romualdo de la Formation Santana, située dans le même bassin sédimentaire. L'extension temporelle de ce genre (?Aptien à ?Cénomanien)ne permet pas de le considérer comme un indicateur biostratigraphiquepour le bassin de l'Araripe. Mots clés : Amiidae, Calamopleurus, Crétacé inférieu4 Brésil INTRODUCTION Araripina and at Mina Pedra Branca, near Nova Olinda where cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 6 – Integument ‐ Scale • a Scale Is a Small Rigid Plate That Grows out of an Animal’ S Skin to Provide Protection
    Lecture 6 – Integument ‐ Scale • A scale is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal’s skin to provide protection. • Scales are quite common and have evolved multiple times with varying structure and function. • Scales are generally classified as part of an organism's integumentary system. • There are various types of scales according to shape and to class of animal. • Although the meat and organs of some species of fish are edible by humans, the scales are usually not eaten. Scale structure • Fish scales Fish scales are dermally derived, specifically in the mesoderm. This fact distinguishes them from reptile scales paleontologically. Genetically, the same genes involved in tooth and hair development in mammals are also involved in scale development. Earliest scales – heavily armoured thought to be like Chondrichthyans • Fossil fishes • ion reservoir • osmotic control • protection • Weighting Scale function • Primary function is protection (armor plating) • Hydrodynamics Scales are composed of four basic compounds: ((gmoving from inside to outside in that order) • Lamellar bone • Vascular or spongy bone • Dentine (dermis) and is always associated with enamel. • Acellular enamel (epidermis) • The scales of fish lie in pockets in the dermis and are embeded in connective tissue. • Scales do not stick out of a fish but are covered by the Epithelial layer. • The scales overlap and so form a protective flexible armor capable of withstanding blows and bumping. • In some catfishes and seahorses, scales are replaced by bony plates. • In some other species there are no scales at all. Evolution of scales Placoid scale – (Chondricthyes – cartilagenous fishes) develop in dermis but protrude through epidermis.
    [Show full text]
  • 71St Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Paris Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada, USA November 2 – 5, 2011 SESSION CONCURRENT SESSION CONCURRENT
    ISSN 1937-2809 online Journal of Supplement to the November 2011 Vertebrate Paleontology Vertebrate Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Society of Vertebrate 71st Annual Meeting Paleontology Society of Vertebrate Las Vegas Paris Nevada, USA Las Vegas, November 2 – 5, 2011 Program and Abstracts Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 71st Annual Meeting Program and Abstracts COMMITTEE MEETING ROOM POSTER SESSION/ CONCURRENT CONCURRENT SESSION EXHIBITS SESSION COMMITTEE MEETING ROOMS AUCTION EVENT REGISTRATION, CONCURRENT MERCHANDISE SESSION LOUNGE, EDUCATION & OUTREACH SPEAKER READY COMMITTEE MEETING POSTER SESSION ROOM ROOM SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS SEVENTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING PARIS LAS VEGAS HOTEL LAS VEGAS, NV, USA NOVEMBER 2–5, 2011 HOST COMMITTEE Stephen Rowland, Co-Chair; Aubrey Bonde, Co-Chair; Joshua Bonde; David Elliott; Lee Hall; Jerry Harris; Andrew Milner; Eric Roberts EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Philip Currie, President; Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Past President; Catherine Forster, Vice President; Christopher Bell, Secretary; Ted Vlamis, Treasurer; Julia Clarke, Member at Large; Kristina Curry Rogers, Member at Large; Lars Werdelin, Member at Large SYMPOSIUM CONVENORS Roger B.J. Benson, Richard J. Butler, Nadia B. Fröbisch, Hans C.E. Larsson, Mark A. Loewen, Philip D. Mannion, Jim I. Mead, Eric M. Roberts, Scott D. Sampson, Eric D. Scott, Kathleen Springer PROGRAM COMMITTEE Jonathan Bloch, Co-Chair; Anjali Goswami, Co-Chair; Jason Anderson; Paul Barrett; Brian Beatty; Kerin Claeson; Kristina Curry Rogers; Ted Daeschler; David Evans; David Fox; Nadia B. Fröbisch; Christian Kammerer; Johannes Müller; Emily Rayfield; William Sanders; Bruce Shockey; Mary Silcox; Michelle Stocker; Rebecca Terry November 2011—PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS 1 Members and Friends of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, The Host Committee cordially welcomes you to the 71st Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Las Vegas.
    [Show full text]
  • (Early Cretaceous, Araripe Basin, Northeastern Brazil): Stratigraphic, Palaeoenvironmental and Palaeoecological Implications
    Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 218 (2005) 145–160 www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Controlled excavations in the Romualdo Member of the Santana Formation (Early Cretaceous, Araripe Basin, northeastern Brazil): stratigraphic, palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological implications Emmanuel Faraa,*, Antoˆnio A´ .F. Saraivab, Dio´genes de Almeida Camposc, Joa˜o K.R. Moreirab, Daniele de Carvalho Siebrab, Alexander W.A. Kellnerd aLaboratoire de Ge´obiologie, Biochronologie, et Pale´ontologie humaine (UMR 6046 du CNRS), Universite´ de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France bDepartamento de Cieˆncias Fı´sicas e Biologicas, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Crato, Ceara´, Brazil cDepartamento Nacional de Produc¸a˜o Mineral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil dDepartamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Received 23 August 2004; received in revised form 10 December 2004; accepted 17 December 2004 Abstract The Romualdo Member of the Santana Formation (Araripe Basin, northeastern Brazil) is famous for the abundance and the exceptional preservation of the fossils found in its early diagenetic carbonate concretions. However, a vast majority of these Early Cretaceous fossils lack precise geographical and stratigraphic data. The absence of such contextual proxies hinders our understanding of the apparent variations in faunal composition and abundance patterns across the Araripe Basin. We conducted controlled excavations in the Romualdo Member in order to provide a detailed account of its main stratigraphic, sedimentological and palaeontological features near Santana do Cariri, Ceara´ State. We provide the first fine-scale stratigraphic sequence ever established for the Romualdo Member and we distinguish at least seven concretion-bearing horizons. Notably, a 60-cm-thick group of layers (bMatraca˜oQ), located in the middle part of the member, is virtually barren of fossiliferous concretions.
    [Show full text]
  • History and Function of Scale Microornamentation in Lacertid Lizards
    JOURNALOFMORPHOLOGY252:145–169(2002) HistoryandFunctionofScaleMicroornamentation inLacertidLizards E.N.Arnold* NaturalHistoryMuseum,CromwellRoad,LondonSW75BD,UK ABSTRACTDifferencesinsurfacestructure(ober- mostfrequentlyinformsfromdryhabitatsorformsthat hautchen)ofbodyscalesoflacertidlizardsinvolvecell climbinvegetationawayfromtheground,situations size,shapeandsurfaceprofile,presenceorabsenceoffine wheredirtadhesionislessofaproblem.Microornamen- pitting,formofcellmargins,andtheoccurrenceoflongi- tationdifferencesinvolvingotherpartsofthebodyand tudinalridgesandpustularprojections.Phylogeneticin- othersquamategroupstendtocorroboratethisfunctional formationindicatesthattheprimitivepatterninvolved interpretation.Microornamentationfeaturescandevelop narrowstrap-shapedcells,withlowposteriorlyoverlap- onlineagesindifferentordersandappeartoactadditively pingedgesandrelativelysmoothsurfaces.Deviations inreducingshine.Insomecasesdifferentcombinations fromthisconditionproduceamoresculpturedsurfaceand maybeoptimalsolutionsinparticularenvironments,but havedevelopedmanytimes,althoughsubsequentovert lineageeffects,suchaslimitedreversibilityanddifferent reversalsareuncommon.Likevariationsinscaleshape, developmentalproclivities,mayalsobeimportantintheir differentpatternsofdorsalbodymicroornamentationap- peartoconferdifferentandconflictingperformancead- genesis.Thefinepitsoftenfoundoncellsurfacesare vantages.Theprimitivepatternmayreducefrictiondur- unconnectedwithshinereduction,astheyaresmaller inglocomotionandalsoenhancesdirtshedding,especially thanthewavelengthsofmostvisiblelight.J.Morphol.
    [Show full text]
  • Morfologia Pós-Craniana De Candidodon Itapecuruense (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia), Do Cretáceo Do Brasil
    Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 7(1):87-92, Janeiro/Junho 2004 © 2004 by the Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia MORFOLOGIA PÓS-CRANIANA DE CANDIDODON ITAPECURUENSE (CROCODYLOMORPHA, MESOEUCROCODYLIA), DO CRETÁCEO DO BRASIL PEDRO HENRIQUE NOBRE Depto. de Geologia, UFRJ, Av. Brigadeiro Trompowski, s/nº, Ilha do Fundão, 21.949-900, RJ, Brasil. [email protected] RESUMO – Candidodon itapecuruense Carvalho & Campos é um Mesoeucrocodylia, proveniente da Formação Itapecuru (Cretáceo Inferior), bacia do Parnaíba, Brasil. Esta espécie caracteriza-se por apresentar dentes de morfologia complexa, com uma cúspide principal e uma série de cúspides menores na base da coroa. São apresentados novos elementos referentes ao esqueleto pós-craniano de C. itapecuruense, bem como suas relações com outros Crocodylomorpha. O esqueleto pós-craniano de C. itapecuruense apresenta vértebras anficélicas com o corpo arredondado a levemente quadrangular. O úmero é alongado, cilíndrico e com uma crista deltopeitoral pronunciada. O fêmur é estreito, com a diáfise cilíndrica e reta. Os metatarsais são longos, delgados e com as extremidades pouco expandidas. Apresenta osteodermos muito delgados, de contorno quadrangular a cordiforme não ultrapassando 1mm de espessura, sendo a superfície interna lisa e a externa ornamentada com rugosidades e depressões irregulares. Em todos os osteodermos observa-se, na superfície externa, uma crista localizada no terço posterior da peça. Palavras-chave: Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia, Cretáceo Inferior, bacia do Parnaíba. Abstract – THE POSTCRANIAL MORPHOLOGY OF CANDIDODON ITAPECURUENSE (CROCODYLO- MORPHA, MESOEUCROCODYLIA), CRETACEOUS, OF BRAZIL. Candidodon itapecuruense Carvalho & Campos, 1988 is a Mesoeucrocodylia from the Itapecuru Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Parnaíba Basin, Brazil. This species is characterized by presenting teeth with a main cuspid and a series of smaller cuspids in crown base.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Coloborhynchus (Pterosauria, Ornithocheiridae) from the Mid- Cretaceous of North Africa
    Accepted Manuscript A new species of Coloborhynchus (Pterosauria, Ornithocheiridae) from the mid- Cretaceous of North Africa Megan L. Jacobs, David M. Martill, Nizar Ibrahim, Nick Longrich PII: S0195-6671(18)30354-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.018 Reference: YCRES 3995 To appear in: Cretaceous Research Received Date: 28 August 2018 Revised Date: 18 October 2018 Accepted Date: 21 October 2018 Please cite this article as: Jacobs, M.L., Martill, D.M., Ibrahim, N., Longrich, N., A new species of Coloborhynchus (Pterosauria, Ornithocheiridae) from the mid-Cretaceous of North Africa, Cretaceous Research (2018), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.018. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. 1 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 1 A new species of Coloborhynchus (Pterosauria, Ornithocheiridae) 2 from the mid-Cretaceous of North Africa 3 Megan L. Jacobs a* , David M. Martill a, Nizar Ibrahim a** , Nick Longrich b 4 a School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK 5 b Department of Biology and Biochemistry and Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath 6 BA2 7AY, UK 7 *Corresponding author. Email address : [email protected] (M.L.
    [Show full text]
  • Coelacanth Discoveries in Madagascar, with AUTHORS: Andrew Cooke1 Recommendations on Research and Conservation Michael N
    Coelacanth discoveries in Madagascar, with AUTHORS: Andrew Cooke1 recommendations on research and conservation Michael N. Bruton2 Minosoa Ravololoharinjara3 The presence of populations of the Western Indian Ocean coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) in AFFILIATIONS: 1Resolve sarl, Ivandry Business Madagascar is not surprising considering the vast range of habitats which the ancient island offers. Center, Antananarivo, Madagascar The discovery of a substantial population of coelacanths through handline fishing on the steep volcanic 2Honorary Research Associate, South African Institute for Aquatic slopes of Comoros archipelago initially provided an important source of museum specimens and was Biodiversity, Makhanda, South Africa the main focus of coelacanth research for almost 40 years. The advent of deep-set gillnets, or jarifa, for 3Resolve sarl, Ivandry Business catching sharks, driven by the demand for shark fins and oil from China in the mid- to late 1980s, resulted Center, Antananarivo, Madagascar in an explosion of coelacanth captures in Madagascar and other countries in the Western Indian Ocean. CORRESPONDENCE TO: We review coelacanth catches in Madagascar and present evidence for the existence of one or more Andrew Cooke populations of L. chalumnae distributed along about 1000 km of the southern and western coasts of the island. We also hypothesise that coelacanths are likely to occur around the whole continental margin EMAIL: [email protected] of Madagascar, making it the epicentre of coelacanth distribution in the Western Indian Ocean and the likely progenitor of the younger Comoros coelacanth population. Finally, we discuss the importance and DATES: vulnerability of the population of coelacanths inhabiting the submarine slopes of the Onilahy canyon in Received: 23 June 2020 Revised: 02 Oct.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Fishes - Structural Patterns and Trends in Diversification
    History of fishes - Structural Patterns and Trends in Diversification AGNATHANS = Jawless • Class – Pteraspidomorphi • Class – Myxini?? (living) • Class – Cephalaspidomorphi – Osteostraci – Anaspidiformes – Petromyzontiformes (living) Major Groups of Agnathans • 1. Osteostracida 2. Anaspida 3. Pteraspidomorphida • Hagfish and Lamprey = traditionally together in cyclostomata Jaws = GNATHOSTOMES • Gnathostomes: the jawed fishes -good evidence for gnathostome monophyly. • 4 major groups of jawed vertebrates: Extinct Acanthodii and Placodermi (know) Living Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes • Living Chondrichthyans - usually divided into Selachii or Elasmobranchi (sharks and rays) and Holocephali (chimeroids). • • Living Osteichthyans commonly regarded as forming two major groups ‑ – Actinopterygii – Ray finned fish – Sarcopterygii (coelacanths, lungfish, Tetrapods). • SARCOPTERYGII = Coelacanths + (Dipnoi = Lung-fish) + Rhipidistian (Osteolepimorphi) = Tetrapod Ancestors (Eusthenopteron) Close to tetrapods Lungfish - Dipnoi • Three genera, Africa+Australian+South American ACTINOPTERYGII Bichirs – Cladistia = POLYPTERIFORMES Notable exception = Cladistia – Polypterus (bichirs) - Represented by 10 FW species - tropical Africa and one species - Erpetoichthys calabaricus – reedfish. Highly aberrant Cladistia - numerous uniquely derived features – long, independent evolution: – Strange dorsal finlets, Series spiracular ossicles, Peculiar urohyal bone and parasphenoid • But retain # primitive Actinopterygian features = heavy ganoid scales (external
    [Show full text]
  • APPENDIX 1 Classified List of Fishes Mentioned in the Text, with Scientific and Common Names
    APPENDIX 1 Classified list of fishes mentioned in the text, with scientific and common names. ___________________________________________________________ Scientific names and classification are from Nelson (1994). Families are listed in the same order as in Nelson (1994), with species names following in alphabetical order. The common names of British fishes mostly follow Wheeler (1978). Common names of foreign fishes are taken from Froese & Pauly (2002). Species in square brackets are referred to in the text but are not found in British waters. Fishes restricted to fresh water are shown in bold type. Fishes ranging from fresh water through brackish water to the sea are underlined; this category includes diadromous fishes that regularly migrate between marine and freshwater environments, spawning either in the sea (catadromous fishes) or in fresh water (anadromous fishes). Not indicated are marine or freshwater fishes that occasionally venture into brackish water. Superclass Agnatha (jawless fishes) Class Myxini (hagfishes)1 Order Myxiniformes Family Myxinidae Myxine glutinosa, hagfish Class Cephalaspidomorphi (lampreys)1 Order Petromyzontiformes Family Petromyzontidae [Ichthyomyzon bdellium, Ohio lamprey] Lampetra fluviatilis, lampern, river lamprey Lampetra planeri, brook lamprey [Lampetra tridentata, Pacific lamprey] Lethenteron camtschaticum, Arctic lamprey] [Lethenteron zanandreai, Po brook lamprey] Petromyzon marinus, lamprey Superclass Gnathostomata (fishes with jaws) Grade Chondrichthiomorphi Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous
    [Show full text]
  • Exceptional Vertebrate Biotas from the Triassic of China, and the Expansion of Marine Ecosystems After the Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction
    Earth-Science Reviews 125 (2013) 199–243 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Exceptional vertebrate biotas from the Triassic of China, and the expansion of marine ecosystems after the Permo-Triassic mass extinction Michael J. Benton a,⁎, Qiyue Zhang b, Shixue Hu b, Zhong-Qiang Chen c, Wen Wen b, Jun Liu b, Jinyuan Huang b, Changyong Zhou b, Tao Xie b, Jinnan Tong c, Brian Choo d a School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK b Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China c State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China d Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China article info abstract Article history: The Triassic was a time of turmoil, as life recovered from the most devastating of all mass extinctions, the Received 11 February 2013 Permo-Triassic event 252 million years ago. The Triassic marine rock succession of southwest China provides Accepted 31 May 2013 unique documentation of the recovery of marine life through a series of well dated, exceptionally preserved Available online 20 June 2013 fossil assemblages in the Daye, Guanling, Zhuganpo, and Xiaowa formations. New work shows the richness of the faunas of fishes and reptiles, and that recovery of vertebrate faunas was delayed by harsh environmental Keywords: conditions and then occurred rapidly in the Anisian. The key faunas of fishes and reptiles come from a limited Triassic Recovery area in eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou provinces, and these may be dated relative to shared strati- Reptile graphic units, and their palaeoenvironments reconstructed.
    [Show full text]