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IOM EMERGENCY NEEDS ASSESSMENTS POST FEBRUARY 2006 DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ 1 APRIL 2008 BI-WEEKLY REPORT Following the February 2006 bombing of the Samarra Al-Askari Mosque, escalating sectarian violence in Iraq caused massive displacement, both internal and to locations abroad. In coordination with the Iraqi government’s Ministry of Displacement and Migration (MoDM), IOM continues to assess Iraqi displacement through a network of partners on the ground. Significantly fewer Iraqis were displaced in 2007 than were displaced in 2006, suggesting that internal displacement in Iraq has slowed. However, displacement continues to occur in some locations and the humanitarian situation of those already displaced is worsening. The limited returns that have occurred so far represent a small fraction of the displaced population. Internal displacement in Iraq continues to be a major humanitarian crisis, demanding both assessment and a targeted humanitarian response. The estimated number of displaced since February 2006 is almost 1,504,000 individuals 1. This figure, combined with the estimated 1,200,000 individuals 2 who were internally displaced before February 2006, results in a total of more than 2.7 million individuals displaced within Iraq to date. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY ON IRAQI DISPLACEMENT: Displacement At the time of writing, intense clashes occurred during the past week in Baghdad and the south. Basrah was especially affected, with continuous fighting between security forces and militants. Babylon, Qadissiya, Najaf, Thi Qar, Wassit, and Missan were also affected. Almost all southern governorates imposed curfews, and residents were unable to leave their homes. There are anecdotal reports of low-level displacement due to fierce fighting in Basrah, Baghdad, and several other southern governorates; however, insecurity has severely restricted the movement of IOM monitors. Water and food shortage are of primary concern, and humanitarian agencies until recently could not reach affected families due to the security situation and restricted movement. Wounded had trouble reaching hospitals, which suffer from a shortage of medical supplies. On 30 March, Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr ordered his militants to cease fighting and stay off the streets. As of the reporting date (1 April), clashes continue in Basrah and Baghdad but the situation has calmed relative to the intense fighting of the previous week. Curfews have been lifted in a number of southern governorates and markets have reopened. IOM monitors have resumed activities and any new displacement should be assessed shortly. During the reporting period displacement was also reported from Mosul due to deteriorating security prior to major military operations and from the Sulaymaniyah border area due to Iranian shelling. Return Return movements continued slowly as small numbers of IDPs and refugees leave deteriorating situations in their places of displacement. Return movements will likely reduce dramatically due to the insecurity in Baghdad and the south at the close of the reporting period. Return populations assessed earlier in the reporting period require humanitarian assistance: returnees are often finding 1 As per figures from the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) for the three northern governorates and the Iraqi Ministry of Migration (MoM) for the 15 central and southern governorates, 29 February 2008. See the IDP Working Group Internally Displaced Persons in Iraq Update (24 March 2008 for figures per governorate. 2 As per IOM monitoring for the 15 central and southern governorates and UNOPS/UNHCR for the three northern governorates. See the IDP Working Group Internally Displaced Persons in Iraq Update (24 March 2008). International Organization for Migration their homes and livelihoods destroyed, and in some cases are encountering renewed tensions with local communities. Some returnee families have been displaced again by renewed threats. IOM continues to assess returns nationwide. To date, more than 900 returnee families have been interviewed. The majority of these were assessed by the joint MoDM-IOM returnee assessment project in Baghdad. IOM will be releasing an updated returnee report in one week. For reports on displacement and return throughout Iraq, see http://www.iom-iraq.net/idp.html . Country-wide Statistics: Information below is based on in-depth assessments of 166,151 families (estimated 997,000 individuals) displaced throughout Iraq since 22 February 2006. (Please note that this figure represents the total number that IOM monitors have assessed, not the total number of displaced in Iraq since 22 February 2006.) IDP Places of Origin: Baghdad 63.90% Babylon 0.99% Diyala 19.29% Wassit 0.24% Ninewa 4.86% Thi-Qar 0.06% Anbar 3.75% Qadissiya 0.03% Salah al-Din 3.30% Kerbala 0.02% Basrah 1.83% Erbil 0.01% Kirkuk 1.68% Muthanna 0.01% Ethnicity/Religion : Arab Shia Muslim 60.54% Kurd Shia Muslim 0.66% Arab Sunni Muslim 28.02% Armenian Christian 0.12% Assyrian Christian 3.18% Arab Yazidi 0.05% Kurd Sunni Muslim 3.15% Kurd Yazidi 0.03% Chaldean Christian 1.80% Arab Sabean Mandean 0.02% Turkmen Shia Muslim 1.12% Kurd Christian 0.01% Turkmen Sunni Muslim 0.95% Can IDPs access their property? Yes, property accessible No Do not know No Answer All Iraq 17.15% 30.59% 47.20% 4.48% Anbar 13.58% 32.93% 47.87% 5.62% Babylon 7.55% 32.57% 50.43% 9.44% Baghdad 32.22% 50.33% 12.85% 4.61% Basrah 9.97% 33.09% 49.43% 7.39% Dahuk 66.02% 27.65% 6.07% 0.25% Diyala 21.46% 21.95% 53.60% 2.76% Erbil 0.58% 0.03% 94.92% 0.44% Kerbala 32.98% 17.55% 45.27% 1.82% Missan 0.58% 32.07% 57.74% 9.61% Muthanna 1.66% 44.19% 50.28% 3.87% Najaf 2.79% 7.55% 88.39% 1.26% Ninewa 11.44% 13.60% 71.10% 3.82% Qadissiya 5.50% 50.93% 35.80% 7.77% Salah al-Din 9.08% 15.92% 74.78% 0.22% Sulaymaniyah 8.67% 45.98% 11.14% 25.98% Kirkuk 9.16% 10.93% 75.79% 1.88% Thi-Qar 7.51% 38.20% 53.83% 0.46% Wassit 11.64% 87.13% 1.23% International Organization for Migration 2 What is the status of IDPs’ property? Governorate Property Cannot Property Property Property destroyed access it due occupied, currently in occupied, to security controlled or military use controlled or reasons claimed by claimed by government private citizens All Iraq 19.16% 2.24% 0.66% 1.74% 32.96% Anbar 12.40% 2.81% 0.32% 5.53% 29.84% Babylon 24.24% 0.35% 0.17% 0.52% 19.56% Baghdad 26.66% 1.99% 0.58% 0.42% 70.91% Basrah 16.22% 0.85% 0.72% 0.35% 24.85% Dahuk 20.52% 15.31% 0.47% 0.04% 24.15% Diyala 35.01% 0.64% 4.87% 6.54% 24.44% Erbil 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.08% 0.50% Kerbala 32.15% 3.77% 0.26% 5.11% 38.24% Missan 23.64% 0.24% 0.11% 0.44% 25.10% Muthanna 10.66% 0.08% 0.00% 0.00% 35.11% Najaf 1.21% 0.00% 0.74% 0.00% 8.87% Ninewa 7.58% 6.76% 0.54% 1.54% 8.46% Qadissiya 46.64% 0.00% 0.00% 1.85% 14.69% Salah al-Din 3.69% 8.27% 0.00% 1.38% 11.95% Sulaymaniyah 13.42% 0.57% 0.15% 4.10% 12.53% Kirkuk 8.83% 0.20% 0.27% 2.44% 10.76% Thi-Qar 9.39% 0.00% 0.38% 0.26% 43.83% Wassit 11.49% 0.00% 0.00% 0.22% 1.13% Anbar: Security continues to improve in Anbar with awakening forces controlling most urban areas, although insurgent attacks continue against Multi-National Forces in Iraq and Iraq Forces (MNF- I/IF). MNF-I is increasingly handing over security to the awakening movements. In Fallujah, curfew length has shortened: pedestrian curfew is midnight and vehicles cannot move after 10 PM. Security in Karma has also recently improved significantly, as well as security in other sub-districts of Fallujah district such as Amiriya and Nuaemiya. Security in Ramadi is calm. Search and arrest operations continue in Ana and Qaim. To date, IOM monitors have identified 655 returnee families in Anbar. The primary reasons reported for return are financial burdens and pressure from authorities in places of displacement. Most of the returnees assessed have received little or no assistance from humanitarian actors and requested international assistance. During the reporting period monitors did not observe strong population movements either to or from Anbar, although isolated families continue to displace or return. Monitors expect that many of those displaced in Anbar from other governorates will remain in Anbar despite improved security in their places of origin, especially those families who fled direct threats or were involved in vendettas in their places of origin. Hospitals are functioning normally in Anbar and a number of health centres are being rehabilitated or constructed. Seven health centres have been constructed in Fallujah and construction of the Fallujah General Hospital is ongoing. Hospitals are generally able to cover normally required medicines and treatments, but there is a shortage of medicines for chronic disease. There is only one health centre in Qaim and it is short of personnel and cannot meet the area’s needs. Rehabilitation works have improved water provision in Fallujah and pipe networks are being extended to the suburbs. Most neighbourhoods in Fallujah city now have adequate water networks, International Organization for Migration 3 but the schools are in need of water purification filters because the pipes supplying them are old. Some of these schools are also in need of water tanks and pumps.