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Land Remote Sensing in Hungary

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Land Remote Sensing in Hungary LAND REMOTE SENSING IN HUNGARY AN INCOMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW Dániel Kristóf Government Office of the Capital City Budapest Department of Geodesy, Remote Sensing and Land Offices (formerly: FÖMI – Institute of Geodesy, Cartography and Remote Sensing) Overview • History: important highlights from the past • Current operational projects (nation-wide) • Panorama: Major Hungarian players in Land Remote Sensing • Wrap-up, conclusions and outlook HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE PAST Highlights from the past: Beginnings (-1980) • Coordination: • Committee for Technological Development (OMFB) • Ministry of Agriculture (MÉM) • HAS Interkosmos Council (MTA-IKT) • Member, RS promoter: Pál Stefanovits (Gödöllő!) • Research and development • Budapest Technical University (BME) • Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE) • HAS Institute for Computer Science and Control (SZTAKI) • Institute of Geodesy (FÖMI) – Cosmic Geodetic Observatory (KGO) • first working group dedicated to RS (1972/1976) • Information exchange • NGOs: Hungarian Astronautical Society, Society for Geodesy and Cartography Highlights from the past: INTERKOSMOS • Cooperation of socialist countries in the space domain • Example: Preparation of the Hungarian cosmonauts for Earth Observation tasks (1978-80) Highlights from the past: RS as independent discipline • 1980: FÖMI declared responsible for RS activities by law • For resolutions < 80m (below 50m: classified) • >80m: Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSz) • FÖMI Department of Remote Sensing • From former FÖMI / KGO personnel and other institutions (SZTAKI, ELTE) • Own developments - due to restrictions • Long-term RS strategy, operational developments • Hungarian Agricultural Remote Sensing Program (MTP/HARSP) • Long-term contracts among FÖMI, Ministry of Agriculture and the Comm. for Technolog. Dev. Highlights from the past: After the fall of the iron curtain • International cooperation • Scholarships in „western” countries (USA, Canada, Italy…) already in the ’80s • EARSeL membership (1990, first post-socialist country) • EARSeL Symposium (1992, Eger) • ISPRS Comm. VII ECO BP (1998, Budapest) • Cooperation with the Joint Research Centre (JRC) • Expeditions • Hungarian Space Office (HSO/MŰI) founded in 1992 • Coordination of space-related activities • RS/EO is one of the five main areas • ESA cooperation: PRODEX / PECS programmes • Cooperation among Hungarian institutions • Inclusion of RS in university studies • Main drivers: • Agricultural applications • Environmental applications CROPMON(NÖVMON) crop area (ha) 1 000 1 200000 1 400000 200 000 400 000 600 000 800 000 - • • Highlights from programmes • • 1997 1998 w operational (300 first basis huge amount h 1999 1 e serving a 2000 t 2001 2002 2003 w 1997 i n 1998 t operational e 1999 r 2 b 2000 man- a for r l 2001 e y 2002 2003 A r e s 1997 a p r practical 1998 s i o n current operational g 1999 b 3 f a 2000 t r h years l 2001 b e e y y 2002 m F from 2003 a Ö i n 1997 M 1998 c r I m o R 1999 of R&D a p 4 i s S z 2000 i e C 2001 n a 1 2002 ) n 9 d RS 2003 9 C 7 1997 1997 - s S 2 i needs l 0 1998 O a 0 g H e 1999 3 5 m 2000 i a n i H programme z 2001 e 2002 u n 2003 KSH 1997-2003 FÖMI 1997-2003 g 1997 a r s 1998 y u n 1999 to f l 6 o 2000 w e 2001 r 2002 the 2003 2003 1997 s u 1998 g a 1999 r 7 b 2000 e e 2001 t 2002 2003 1997 1998 a l past: past: Agricultural applications f 1999 a 8 l f 2000 a 2001 2002 2003 Highlights from the past: Environmental applications CORINE • First project-level cooperation with Western Europe (1992-) • Basis for current environment-related RS activities • Satellite image preprocessing and hard copy generation (1993-94) • Hungarian CORINE Land Cover mapping (1994-97) • Application of CLC in modelling runoff and phosphorus pollution in a river catchment (PHARE, 1998) • CORINE Land Cover 1:50 000 (1998- 2004) MADOP: National Orthophoto Programme Regular aerial campaigns and orthophoto generation for the whole country since 2000 (EU agricultural subsidies) AND TODAY… Current operational RS projects at GOCCB-DGRSLA (FÖMI) • Land Parcel Identification System • Control of Agricultural Subsidies with (MePAR) Remote Sensing (TámELL) • GIS, mandatory for the administration of agricultural EU subsidies • Operational since 2004 • Operational since 2004 • Based on time series of HR and VHR • Continuous updating based on satellite imagery orthophotos and VHR imagery Current operational RS projects at GOCCB-DGRSLA (FÖMI) • Agricultural Risk Management System (MKR) • Operational since 2014 1 0.9 búza-1 búza-2 0.8 búza-3 búza-4 • Integrated governmental system to assess loss compensation requests 0.7 búza-5 0.6 0.5 • Operational provision of waterlogging / inundation and drought products MGVI 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 2003.04.09 2003.04.29 2003.05.19 2003.06.08 2003.06.28 2003.07.18 2003.08.07 2003.08.27 1 0.9 0.8 kukorica-1 0.7 kukoria-2 kukorica-3 0.6 kukorica-5 0.5 MGVI 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 2004.04.03 2004.05.13 2004.06.22 2004.08.01 2004.09.10 2004.10.20 1 0.9 0.8 kukorica-1 0.7 kukorica-3 kukorica-4 0.6 kukorica-10 0.5 MGVI 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 2003.04.09 2003.05.19 2003.06.28 2003.08.07 2003.09.16 2003.10.26 Working for European Environment Agency (EEA) as Key role in European land monitoring member in European Topic Centres since 2001: 2015- : European Topic Centre – Urban, Land and Soil systems (ETC-ULS) Key actor in the coordination of European land cover mapping activities (CORINE Land Cover a.o.): Development of mapping and QA/QC guidelines, methodological developments, training of national teams, HelpDesk for European countries Participation in the development and testing of LC/LU related environmental indicators (land take, imperviousness & change) Participation in the development of a European land monitoring strategy (EAGLE working group, FP7 HELM project [C O P E R N I C U S] European Urban HR CLC LPIS LUCAS Level Atlas Layers EAGLE Concept National (A) National National (B) National Land Monitoring CLC Land Monitoring & Sub-National Level Regional(a) Regional(b) Land Monitoring Land Monitoring National reference institution of land cover mapping National Reference Centre land cover: CLC update & change mapping for Hungary area QA/QC of various European land cover products Strong background in visual photo-interpretation: Designing a national 1:50.000 scale CORINE Land Cover map (CLC50) Development of a specific tool for visual photo- interpretation (InterChange used by many European countries for CLC mapping) Key methodological developments: Designing change mapping method for CORINE land cover updates – new standard for Europe Testing EAGLE methodology in the practice – harmonization of LC/LU related information Exploring statistical comparability of land cover products Current operational RS projects at GOCCB-DGRSLA (FÖMI) 30 Ongoing: Country-wide mapping and status assessment of 25 ecosystem services (NÖSZTÉP) 20 15 Led by the Ministry of Agriculture (Nature Protection) 10 Contribution from various R&D and operational partners 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Urban Agriculture Grassland Forest Wetland Water Competences and R&D - GOCCB-DGRSLA (FÖMI) • Balanced use of quantitative and visual methods • Combined use of different data sources • RS: • airborne/space-borne • optical and radar (fusion, polarimetry) • Field surveys • Official: LPIS, cadastre, topography • Processing of big geospatial data (national, EU) Temporal changes of Shannon Entropy 23 22 21 20 grassland forest 19 water bodies 18 imperviousness Valuesof Shannon Entropy 17 wetland 16 15 2014.12.17 2015.03.27 2015.07.05 2015.10.13 2016.01.21 2016.04.30 Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest Department of Geophysics and Space Science • Since 1984: more than 90 projects • Studying the plasmasphere of the Earth by electromagnetic waves • Investigation of the vegetation based on Landsat/MMS and TM data • Atmospheric correction of Landsat TM data (ACABA) • Estimation and forecasting of crop yield using AVHRR and MODIS data • Monitoring of the vegetation based on AVHRR and MODIS data • Studying the plasmasphere of the Earth by electromagnetic waves • Education Department of Physical Geography • Environmental reconstruction using UAV photogrammetry • Flood modeling • Geostatistical methods in remote sensing • Heterogeneous forest classification by creating mixed vegetation classes using EO-1 Hyperion Space Research Group (SRG) • Satellite receiving station since 2002 (http://sas2.elte.hu/index-a.html) • Automatic processing chain for the DB MODIS data – real time products derived Faculty of Informatics • Development of image processing algorithms and software • Long-term collaboration in research and education with FÖMI: education, traineeship RS research, Department of Geophysics and Space Science Crop yield estimation based on AVHRR and Monitoring Vegetation Activity in the MODIS data Carpathian-Basin • From reflectances • Phenological studies (SOS, • Double Gauss fitting method EOS, etc.) • Integrated Vegetation Index • Interannual variability • Robust method • MODIS and GIMSS NDVI3g data Country averaged NDVI ranges (2000-2014) MODIS receiving station – The HRPT Derived real-time products: • Since 2002: NOAA HRPT, FY CHRPT • Air quality forecasting • Since 2004: Direct Broadcast MODIS data • Atmosperically corrected reflectances • Data from self-build satellite sensors (onboard Chibis • Monitoring the chlorofill-a in lake Balaton and Relec) measuring electromagnetic waves of the • Identification of fire and thermal magnetosphere anomalies • For more check: http://nimbus.elte.hu/kutatas/sat/index-en.html RS research at the Department of Physical Geography UAV photogrammetry Flood modeling • UAV • 3D reconstruction Geostatistical methods in Remote Sensing Forest classification using EO-1 Hyperion • Combined Cluster and Discriminant Analysis (CCDA) • mixed vegetation classification • Optimization of vegetation classification • influential band analysis: a new band reduction method (a): Image composite (b): Full dataset (c): PCA reduced data (d): SDA reduced data (e): 51 influential bands (f): 51 bands, mixed classes RS research at the Department of Physical Geography Ojos Del Salado, Andes, Chile/ Argentina • Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI (U.S.
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