Procesory Intel

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Procesory Intel Procesory Intel Mariusz Nowak 2019 Obudowa PGA i LGA PGA (Pin Grid Array) - typ obudowy w której wyprowadzenia w postaci szpilek (tzw. pinów), znajdują się na całej, bądź znacznej części powierzchni spodniej strony układu. LGA (Land Grid Array) - typ obudowy w której zamiast pinów na procesorze znajdują się złocone, miedziane, płaskie styki, które dociskane są do sprężystych blaszek w gnieździe płyty głównej. Typ obudowy stosowany w nowych procesorach Intel. Gniazda procesorów Intel: LGA 775 (socket T) • Liczba pinów: 775 • Obsługa magistrali: FSB AGTL+ • Częstotliwość FSB: 133, 200, 266, 333, 400 [MHz] - Quadpumped • Obsługiwane procesory: Pentium 4, Pentium D, Celeron D, Pentium Extreme Edition, Pentium Dual Core, Celeron Dual Core, Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Extreme, Core 2 Quad, Xeon seria 300 Gniazda procesorów Intel: LGA 1156 (socket H1) • Liczba pinów: 1156 • Obsługiwane technologie: PCIe, DMI, FDI, DDR3 (2 kanały) • Obsługiwane procesory: Core i3, i5, i7, Pentium Dual Core (1. generacja) Gniazda procesorów Intel: LGA 1155 (socket H2) • Liczba pinów: 1155 • Obsługiwane technologie: PCIe, DMI, FDI, DDR3 (2 kanały) • Obsługiwane procesory: Core i3, i5, i7, Pentium Dual Core (2., 3. generacja) Gniazda procesorów Intel: LGA 1150 (socket H3) • Liczba pinów: 1150 • Obsługiwane technologie: PCIe, DMI, FDI, DDR3 (2 kanały) • Obsługiwane procesory: Core i3, i5, i7, Pentium Dual Core (4., 5. generacja) Gniazda procesorów Intel: LGA 1151 (socket H4) • Liczba pinów: 1150 • Obsługiwane technologie: PCIe, DMI, FDI, DDR3, DDR4 • Obsługiwane procesory: Core i3, i5, i7 (6., 7., 8., 9. generacja) Gniazda procesorów Intel: LGA 1366 (socket B) • Liczba pinów: 1366 • Obsługiwane technologie: QPI, DMI, DDR3 (3 kanały) • Super wydajne procesory Core i7, Xeon Gniazda procesorów Intel: LGA 2011 (socket R) • Liczba pinów: 2011 • Obsługiwane technologie: QPI, DMI 2.0, PCIe, DDR3, DDR4 (3 kanały) • Super wydajne procesory Core i7 i Xeon Gniazdo LGA 2066 (socket R4) • Liczba pinów: 2066 • Obsługiwane technologie: QPI, DMI 3.0, PCIe, DDR4 • Wydajne procesory Core i5, i7, i9, Xeon Mikroarchitektury procesorów Intel Mikroarchitektura - jest opisem sprzętowej realizacji procesora, definiuje jego działanie. Najnowsze nazwy kodowe architektur firmy Intel: Nazwa architektury Kolejne optymalizacje danej architektury Core (65 nm) Penryn (45 nm) Nahalem (45 nm) Westmere (32 nm) Sandy Bridge (32 nm) Ivy Brideg (22 nm) Haswell (22 nm) Broadwell (14 nm) Skylake (14 nm) Kaby Lake (14 nm), Coffee Lake (14 nm), Whisky Lake (14 nm), Cascade Lake (14 nm), Cooper Lake (14 nm), Connonlake (10 nm) Icelake (10 nm) TigerLake (10 nm) Oznaczenia najnowszych procesorów Intel Marka Seria Generacja Numer SKU Linia procesorów • i3 • ' ' (określa • M - urządzenia mobilne • i5 • 2-10 parametry • U - niskie zużycie energii • i7 procesora) • Y - bardzo niskie zużycie energii • i9 • H - grafika wysokiej jakości • K - brak blokady mnożnika • X - edycja Extreme • S - optymalizacja wydajności • T - optymalizacja zużycia energii Serie procesorów Intel • Intel Core i9 - najmocniejsze procesory dla wymagających użytkowników profesjonalnych (edycja grafiki, filmów, gry komputerowe) • Intel Core i7 - procesory oferujące bardzo wysoką wydajność, która sprawdzi się zarówno w grach i do wykonywania zadań profesjonalnych • Intel Core i5 - uniwersalne procesory o wysokiej wydajności, cechują się atrakcyjną ceną do możliwości • Intel Core i3 - tańsze procesory dla mniej wymagających użytkowników (komputery biurowe) • Intel Xeon - specjalne procesory zaprojektowane do obsługi dużych zbiorów danych, stosowane w zaawansowanych stacjach roboczych i serwerach Parametry procesorów Intel • Mikroarchitektura • Liczba rdzeni / liczba wątków (HT) • Rozmiar pamięci podręcznej (L1, L2, L3) • Częstotliwość taktowania rdzenia (rdzeni) procesora • Częstotliwość taktowania magistrali danych (szybkość przekazywania danych do urządzeń we./wy. • Zintegrowana karta graficzna • Rodzaj gniazda procesora • Technologia wykonania • Pobór mocy (TDP) • Zastosowane technologie Dane techniczne procesorów Intel https://ark.intel.com (google: dane techniczne intel) Najpopularniejsze technologie i rozwiązania Intel • Magistrala FSB - łączy procesor z mostkiem północnym • Quad Pumping - technologia pozwalająca przesyłać dane z prędkością czterokrotnie wyższą niż FSB, a adresy z prędkością dwukrotnie wyższą niż FSB • Magistrala DMI (ang. Direct Media Interface) - służy do przesyłanie danych między mostkiem północnym (lub procesorem) a mostkiem południowym chipsetu • QPI (ang. QuickPath Interconnect) - łącze typu point-to-point (punkt do punktu), następca FSB, służy do przesyłanie danych między procesorem a innymi urządzeniami (mostkiem północnym, drugim procesorem) Najpopularniejsze technologie i rozwiązania Intel • Smart cache - zarządza pamięcią cache L3, którą dzieli pomiędzy rdzenie chcące w danej chwili z niej korzystać. Jeżeli istnieje taka potrzeba, rdzeń może wykorzystać całą pamięć L3. • Hyper threading (HT) - czyli wielowątkowość / hiperwatkowość. Do każdego fizycznego rdzenia procesora system operacyjny przypisuje dwa procesory wirtualne (logiczne). Służy zwiększeniu wydajności obliczeń prowadzonych równolegle. Najpopularniejsze technologie i rozwiązania Intel • Turbo Boost - doprowadza do automatycznego zwiększenia szybkości procesora w sytuacji szczególnego zapotrzebowania na moc obliczeniową. • Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology – ma za zadanie nie zwiększyć, ale zmniejszyć prędkość i wydajność procesora, dzięki czemu wydłuża żywotność baterii i wentylatorów laptopa poprzez zredukowanie wydzielanego ciepła..
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