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The Noninvasive Analysis of Painted Surfaces Scientific Impact and Conservation Practice Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press smithsonian contributions to museum conservation • number 5 Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press The ANoninvasive Chronology Analysis of Middleof Painted Missouri Surfaces Plains Scientific ImpactVillage and ConservationSites Practice Edited by AustinBy Nevin Craig and M. Tiarna Johnson Doherty with contributions by Stanley A. Ahler, Herbert Haas, and Georges Bonani SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge” was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the follow- ing statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the follow- ing active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to History and Technology Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology In these series, the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press (SISP) publishes small papers and full-scale mono- graphs that report on research and collections of the Institution’s museums and research centers. The Smith- sonian Contributions Series are distributed via exchange mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Manuscripts intended for publication in the Contributions Series undergo substantive peer review and evalu- ation by SISP’s Editorial Board, as well as evaluation by SISP for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines (available at www.scholarlypress.si.edu). For fully searchable PDFs of all open access series and publications of the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, visit Open SI at http://opensi.si.edu. smithsonian contributions to museum conservation • number 5 The Noninvasive Analysis of Painted Surfaces Scientific Impact and Conservation Practice Edited by Austin Nevin and Tiarna Doherty WASHINGTON D.C. 2016 ABSTRACT Nevin, Austin, and Tiarna Doherty. The Noninvasive Analysis of Painted Surfaces: Scientific Impact and Conservation Practice. Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation number 5, viii + 81 pages, 43 figures, 5 tables, 2016.—While nondestructive and microdestructive analytical methods are often essential for the study and understanding of paintings, recent development in portable and noninvasive instrumentation has led to growing interest in the applicability of tech- niques to the study of paintings. Further, as new instrumentation becomes commercially available and more affordable, conservators and scientists are able to use noninvasive techniques for monitoring and analysis in new ways. A focus of the six papers in these proceedings is the interpretation of analytical results from portable instrumentation. Cover images, from left: detail of the trapezoidal yellow form crossed by a blue bar showing small areas of exposed white underlayer (see Kokkori et al., Figure 5); detail of the Beatus initial on fol. 23v, painted by the Gaibana Master (see Ricciardi and Panayotova, Figure 1); and visible light image of sample in cross section from The Dinner (see Fife et al., Figure 3). Published by SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SCHOLARLY PRESS P.O. Box 37012, MRC 957 Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 www .scholarlypress .si .edu Copyright © 2016 Smithsonian Institution The rights to all text and images in this publication, including cover and interior designs, are owned either by the Smithson- ian Institution, by contributing authors, or by third parties. Fair use of materials is permitted for personal, educational, or noncommercial purposes. Users must cite author and source of content, must not alter or modify copyrighted content, and must comply with all other terms or restrictions that may be applicable. Users are responsible for securing permission from a rights holder for any other use. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Nevin, Austin, 1978– editor. | Doherty, Tiarna, editor. | Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, publisher. Title: The noninvasive analysis of painted surfaces : scientific impact and conservation practice / edited by Austin Nevin and Tiarna Doherty. Other titles: Non-invasive analysis of painted surfaces | Scientific impact and conservation practice | Smithsonian contributions to museum conservation ; no. 5. Description: Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 2016. | Series: Smithsonian contributions to museum conservation, ISSN 1949-2359 ; number 5 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016027011 Subjects: LCSH: Painting—Conservation and restoration. | Fluorescence spectroscopy. | Paint materials—Analysis. | Colorimetry. Classification: LCC ND1635 .N66 2016 | DDC 751.4--dc23 | SUDOC SI 1.57:5 LC record available at https:// lccn .loc .gov /2016027011 ISSN: 1949-2367 (online); 1949-2359 (print) Publication date (online): 9 November 2016 c The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48–1992. Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v INTRODUCTION vii Quantifying and Mapping Induced Strain in Canvas Paintings Using Laser Shearography 1 Philip Klausmeyer, Matthew Cushman, Ivo Dobrev, Morteza Khaleghi, Ellery J. Harrington, Xiaoran Chen, and Cosme Furlong Evidence for the Accumulative Effect of Organic Solvent Treatments on Paintings and What to Do about It: A Case Study of Two “Identical” Seventeenth-Century Paintings Using Single-Sided Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 15 Gwendoline Fife, Bascha Stabik, Bernard Blümich, Renè Hoppenbrouwers, and Tyler Meldrum A Holistic, Noninvasive Approach to the Technical Study of Manuscripts: The Case of the Breslau Psalter 25 Paola Ricciardi and Stella Panayotova Unraveling the History of Two Fifteenth-Century Spanish Panels 37 Marya Albrecht, Melissa Daugherty, Saskia van Oudheusden, Lieve d’Hont, Kate Seymour, Michael Rief, Ray Marchant, and Erich Uffelmam Portable X-ray Fluorescence and Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Studies of Cadmium Yellow Alteration in Paintings by Edvard Munch and Henri Matisse in Oslo, Copenhagen, and San Francisco 53 Jennifer L. Mass, Erich Uffelman, Barbara Buckley, Inger Grimstad, Anna Vila, John Delaney, Jugen Wadum, Victoria Andrews, Lindsay Burns, Samuel Florescu, and Alyssa Hull Materials and Meanings: Analyzing Kazimir Malevich’s Painterly Realism of a Football Player—Color Masses in the 4th Dimension 65 Maria Kokkori, Stephanie d’Alessandro, Kristin Lister, and Francesca Casadio INDEX 77 Acknowledgments he conference “The Non-Invasive Analysis of Painted Surfaces: Scientific Im- pact and Conservation Practice” was presented in partnership with the Lunder Conservation Center, the International Council of Museums–Committee for TConservation (ICOM-CC) Paintings Working Group and Scientific Research Working Group, and the Foundation of the American Institute for Conservation of His- toric and Artistic Works. We thank Christopher Wayner, program coordinator at the Lunder Conservation Center, for assisting with the organization of the conference that was held in early 2014 and for coordinating all of the conference videos that are now available online. We thank Ginger Strader, director of the Smithsonian Institution Schol- arly Press, and editor Deborah Stultz for their commitment in managing the publication of this volume. Introduction he Non-Invasive Analysis of Painted Surfaces: Scientific Impact and Conservation Practice” was a conference designed to bring scientists and paintings conservators together to share current research. The “T two-day event was hosted by the Lunder Conservation Center at the Smithsonian American Art Museum and National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C., on February 20 and 21, 2014. Presented in partnership with the Lunder Conservation Center, the International Council of Museums–Committee for Conservation (ICOM-CC) Paintings Working Group and Scientific Research Working Group, and the Foundation of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, the meeting was attended by over 150 people. Current research in the field of conservation was pre- sented by scientists, conservators, and companies that develop instrumentation that has compelling applications in the examination and analysis of paintings. Presentations and panel discussions were designed to highlight recent technological developments as well as challenges in interpreting data. All presentations were recorded and can be viewed online (https:// www .youtube .com /playlist ?list = PL7gn _68Hr4h _qnMshu8PN6wZdPrKoa6sL) . Selected papers from the conference are presented in this volume. A focus of the conference was the presentation of new instrumentation and applica- tions, the integration of imaging and spectroscopic analysis, and the challenging inter- pretation of analytical results. Although nondestructive and microdestructive analytical methods are often essential for the study and understanding of paintings, recent develop- ments in portable and noninvasive instrumentation
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