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Fin Fish Assemblage and Biodiversity Status of Carps on Halda River, Bangladesh

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Fin Fish Assemblage and Biodiversity Status of Carps on Halda River, Bangladesh Ferdous et al. Annals of Veterinary and Animal Science 2015 eISSN: 2313-5514 http://naturepub.org/index.php/journal/navas pISSN: 2312-9123 [Received: 07 Aug 15 Accepted: 26 Nov 15] ] AVAS Annals of Veterinary and Animal Science RESEARCH ARTICLE V:2(6) OPEN ACCESS ACCESS Fin fish assemblage and biodiversity status of carps on halda river, Bangladesh Ferdous Mst Jannatul, Karim Md Rashidul, Hossain Mohammad Amzad, Rahman Md Arifur and * Iqbal Mohammed Mahbub. ABSTRACT The Halda River is the only natural spawning ground of Indian major carp species. A twelve months long study was conducted from July 2013 to June 2014 in Halda River at Garduara point in Chittagong districts of Bangladesh. Sampling was done during full and new moon for two successive days in each month. A total of 53 fish species belonging to 18 families were identified. However, the concerning fact was carp species r at Garduara point and 15 species were identified. Among them 5 were Not Threatened (NT), 2 Vulnerable (VU), 5 Endangered (EN) and 3 Exotic (EX). The Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') ranged from 1.72 (in July) to 2.13 (in January), tiniest Margalef richness index was witnessed in November/December (1.05), while utmost value observed in July (1.22), peak mean evenness value (0.79) was encountered in January and bottommost (0.63) in July and the uppermost mean dominance value (0.85) was observed in January and lowest (0.7) in July. The Shannon-Weaver and Pielou’s index was found to be significant among the seasons at 0.05% significance level, while the Margalef and Simpson index was not significant among the seasons. The carp species at Garduara point found to be not evenly distributed. Among the Indian major carps encountered in the study area, Catla catla found to be comprised 4.78% of the total biomass followed by Cirrhinus cirrhosus 5.74%, Labeo rohita 4.95% and Labeo calbasu 0.66%. Keywords: Halda River, Carp species, Biodiversity, Garduara point. 2006). From the ecological point of view, fish is very important not only because of its INTRODUCTION economic value, but also because of sensitivity to ecological changes and Bangladesh is blessed with vast water represents a wide range of tolerance at resources in the form of ponds, natural community level (Pielou, 1966). So, fish depressions (haors and beels), lakes, canals, assemblages have widely been used as rivers and estuaries. DoF (2014) reported biological indicators to estimate and evaluate about 46, 99,387 hectares inland water in the level of degradation and health of rivers Bangladesh, which consists of 39, 16,828 and streams (Vijaylaxmi et al., 2010). hectares open water and 782559 hectares closed water bodies. Bangladesh is the The Halda River is one of the major rivers fourth largest producer of inland fisheries in in the South-East region of Bangladesh. the world (FAO, 2014). Inland fish Garduara point at the mouth of Boalia and production is decreasing day by day due to Cheng-khali tributary of Halda River was over exploitation siltation, use of synthetic selected by taking into consideration that monofilament nets, use of over dosages of the site will give shelter a large number of fertilizers and insecticides in agricultural fishes because it is the conjoined area where lands, ecological disturbances (Hossain et the Halda river meets with Boalia and al., 2012), industrial pollution etc. Among Cheng khali tributary. The 98 km long river 260 freshwater fish species, 54 species are has a very turbulent tributary, the Dhurung threatened (IUCN, 2000). Degradation of River, which joins at Sundarpore about stream and riverine ecosystem causes 48.25 km downstream (Kibria et al., 2009). ultimate destruction to the structure and It is the only pure Indian major carp function of stream biota (Stoddard et al., breeding field of Bangladesh (Tsai et al., 1981) perhaps in South Asia. Due to -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- anthropological destruction, the river that * Corresponding author: [email protected] Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural was once a haven for brood fishes now University, Sylhet-3100 naturepub academics Inc. Natural Science Research Forum (nSRF) Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh. www.naturepub.org Ferdous et al. Annals of Veterinary and Animal Science 2015 http://naturepub.org/index.php/journal/navas 152 turned into a quite dangerous one; resulting Simpson index through the following in drastic fall in the availability of eggs and formula: fish-fries of natural species in the recent Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') years (Kibria et al., 2009). H' = • Sum [pi x log (pi)] Where, Biodiversity is the quantity, variety and H' = Shannon-Weaver index, distribution across biological scales ranging Pi = ni/N, through genetics and life forms of ni = no. of individuals of a species, populations, species, communities and N = Total number of individuals, ecosystems (Mace et al., 2005). Biodiversity Margalef species richness (d) is often used as a measure of the health of d = (S-1)/log (N) biological system (Vyas et al., 2012). Halda Where, River is the unique natural ecosystem of S = Total species, Bangladesh which provides natural N = Total individuals, spawning ground for the major Indian carps Pielou's evenness index (J') and a major portion of the country’s pond carp culture dependent on these wild seed (Azadi, 1985). The current study was designed to find out the carp diversity of the river at Garduara point. It is also expected Where, that the basic information obtained during H (s) = the Shannon-Weaver information the present study will be helpful to function, undertake development and management H (max.) = the theoretical maximum value program of the Halda River. for H(s) if all species in the sample were equally abundant, MATERIALS AND METHODS Simpson dominance index (c) C = 2 Study area Where, The study was conducted in the South- ni = number of individuals in the ‘each’ Eastern region (Chittagong Division) of species, Bangladesh. Geographic coordinates of N = total number of individuals, Chittagong district in Bangladesh is 22°00′ S = total number of species, N to 23°00′ N latitude and 91°20′ E to Statistical analysis 91°00′ E longitude. The research was A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in accomplished in the Halda River, a major SPSS was used to test for significant tributary of river Karnaphuli at Garduara difference in diversity indices among the point of Chittagong district of Bangladesh. seasons. For ANOVA test SPSS software The present study were conducted at V15.0 (Statistical Package for Social Garduara point, which is belongs to the Sciences) was used. All the diversity indices Chittagong district of Bangladesh between analyses were performed by the software Latitude 22° 29' 59" N and Longitude 91° PAST (Paleontological statistics) version 51' 58" E. 2.16. Diversity analysis tools RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the present study, diversity of fish species were evaluated by dint of Shannon-Weaver Fin Fish assemblage index (H′) (Shannon and Weaver, 1949), In the present study, 53 species belonging to species richness by Margalef index (d) 18 families were identified from the study (Margalef, 1968), evenness by Pielou’s index area. The governing family was Cyprinidae (J′) (Pielou, 1966), and dominance by comprising 28.30% (15 species) of the total Ferdous et al. Annals of Veterinary and Animal Science 2015 http://naturepub.org/index.php/journal/navas 153 biomass followed by Bagridae (7 species) Synbranchidae (1 species) 1.89% encompassing 13.20% Schilbeidae (4 Osphronemidae(1 species) 1.89%, species) 7.54%, Channidae (4 species) Anabantidae(1 species) 1.89%, Fig. 1: Family based species percentage in the Halda River at Garduara point 7.54%, Siluridae (3 species) 5.66%, Gobiidae Ambassidae(1 species) 1.89% and (3 species) 5.66%, Clupeidae (3 species) Belonidae(1 species) 1.89% (Fig. 1). Total 5.66%, Mastacembelidae (2 species) 3.77%, species under each family was used to find Fig. 2: Carp species composition of Halda River at Garduara point. Notopteriidae (2 species) 3.77%, Cobitidae out the family based percentages and (2 species) 3.77%, Heteropneustidae (1 dominance of the fish species in the study species) 1.89%, Clariidae (1 species) 1.89%, area. Pangasidae (1 species) 1.89%, Ferdous et al. Annals of Veterinary and Animal Science 2015 http://naturepub.org/index.php/journal/navas 154 Fifty-four freshwater fish species have been and 9 critically endangered fish species declared as threatened species by IUCN, which is similar to the present findings. Bangladesh (2000), in three categories: Comparative abundance of carp species Fig. 3: Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H′)in different seasons Critically Endangered (CR); Endangered A total of 15 species of carps has been (EN) and Vulnerable (VU). Among the recorded from the Halda River at Garduara recorded fish species in Upper Halda River point. Considering the number of Alam et al., (2013) describes 3CR species, 11 individuals caught, the most dominant Fig. 4: Margalef Species Richness (d) in different seasons EN and 8 VU species from three sampling species was Mola (A. mola) 30.16% followed sites of Haldariver. However, in the present by Dhela (O. cotio) 22.54%, Darkina (E. findings 13 endangered, eight vulnerable, danricus) 14.09%, Leuzza Darkaina (R. three critically endangered species were rasbora) 7.11%, Jatipunti (P. sophore) 4.34% identified from the Garduara point which is and others contributed to the rest showed in congruent but higher than the findings of (Fig. 2) and (Table 1). Alam et al., (2013). The number of species BIODIVERSITY INDICES FOR CARP in the Garduara point may be higher due to SPECIES the conjoin site of Boalia and Cheng khali Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H´) tributary which makes it the Jumbled area The Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') for fishes.
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